Research Biomass Residuals on Palm-Oil and Rice for Port of Rotterdam in Indonesia and Malaysia
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Transcript of Research Biomass Residuals on Palm-Oil and Rice for Port of Rotterdam in Indonesia and Malaysia
The Amsterdam Research Project
Biomass residuals in the Palm Oil and Rice Industry: A risky business or a huge opportunity?
Port of Ro(erdam
Ewout Kalkman, Sietske Trompert & Rogier StrijbosSupervising professor: Jan Verhoeven
The Amsterdam Research Project
The Research QuesJon
What are poten+al export flows of bio-‐based residuals from Indonesia and Malaysia and how can they be collected, processed, transported to and stored in a local port for export to NW-‐Europe?
The Amsterdam Research Project
Residuals of two commodiJes
Palm oilRice
The Amsterdam Research Project
Residuals of two commodiJes
Rice
The Amsterdam Research Project
Rice residual: Husk
The Amsterdam Research Project
Rice residual: Husk
25% of Rice ProducJon
The Amsterdam Research Project
Rice residual: Husk
25% of Rice ProducJon
Total: 15.8 million tons
The Amsterdam Research Project
Rice residual: Husk
25% of Rice ProducJon
Total: 15.8 million tons
Not used or burned
The Amsterdam Research Project
Rice residual: Husk
25% of Rice ProducJon
Total: 15.8 million tons
Not used or burned
Used for cooking
The Amsterdam Research Project
Rice residual: Husk
25% of Rice ProducJon
Total: 15.8 million tons
Not used or burned
Used for cooking
Interest from: Dutch/ German/Russian parJes
The Amsterdam Research Project
Rice residual: Husk
25% of Rice ProducJon
Total: 15.8 million tons
Not used or burned
Used for cooking
Compressing technique in R&D
Interest from: Dutch/ German/Russian parJes
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Rice Husk
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Rice Husk
Op+on 1
DescripJon Central storage/compression of all the husk.
Analysis Best opJon:Analysis
• High amount of husk available• Low transporta+on cost• Low investment in labour• Low investment in machinery• High storage cost
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Rice Husk
Op+on 1
DescripJon Central storage/compression of all the husk.
Analysis Best opJon:Analysis
• High amount of husk available• Low transporta+on cost• Low investment in labour• Low investment in machinery• High storage cost
Op+on 2
Supply all the Medium and large mills with compressing machinery.
Second best opJon:
• Low amount of husk available• High transporta+on cost• High investment in labour• High investment in machinery• Low storage cost
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Rice Husk (2)
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Rice Husk (2)
Op+on 3
DescripJon Supply all the medium and large mills with compressing machinery. Collect the husk from tradi>onal mills at a central storage place.
Analysis Less best opJon:Analysis
• High amount of husk available• High transporta+on cost• High investment in labour• High investment in machinery• High storage cost
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Working together with an organization on collection and storage of the rice husk.
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Working together with an organization on collection and storage of the rice husk.
2. A central location for storage and compressing.
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Working together with an organization on collection and storage of the rice husk.
2. A central location for storage and compressing.
3. The storage facility needs to be accessible by container trucks.
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Working together with an organization on collection and storage of the rice husk.
2. A central location for storage and compressing.
3. The storage facility needs to be accessible by container trucks.
4. Investments in compression machinery.
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Working together with an organization on collection and storage of the rice husk.
2. A central location for storage and compressing.
3. The storage facility needs to be accessible by container trucks.
4. Investments in compression machinery.
5. Training of local workers to handle the compressing machinery.
The Amsterdam Research Project
SWOT-‐analysis Rice Husk
The Amsterdam Research Project
SWOT-‐analysis Rice Husk
Strengths
• Largely available quan++es of rice husk; • High energy poten+al;
The Amsterdam Research Project
SWOT-‐analysis Rice Husk
Strengths
• Largely available quan++es of rice husk; • High energy poten+al;
Weaknesses
• Availability of rice husk on scaMered places; • Many smaller RMU which are uneasy to access;• High investments in labour and machinery;
The Amsterdam Research Project
SWOT-‐analysis Rice Husk
Strengths
• Largely available quan++es of rice husk; • High energy poten+al;
Weaknesses
• Availability of rice husk on scaMered places; • Many smaller RMU which are uneasy to access;• High investments in labour and machinery;
Opportuni+es
•Government will support this development;
The Amsterdam Research Project
SWOT-‐analysis Rice Husk
Strengths
• Largely available quan++es of rice husk; • High energy poten+al;
Weaknesses
• Availability of rice husk on scaMered places; • Many smaller RMU which are uneasy to access;• High investments in labour and machinery;
Opportuni+es
•Government will support this development;
Threats
• Lack in infrastructure; • Traffic jams; • Corrup+on; • Decentraliza+on;
The Amsterdam Research Project
Advise for Rice Husk
Impor+ng Rice Husk from Indonesia:A risky business or a huge opportunity?
The Amsterdam Research Project
Advise for Rice Husk
Risky Business
Impor+ng Rice Husk from Indonesia:A risky business or a huge opportunity?
The Amsterdam Research Project
Residuals of two commodiJes
Palm oilRice
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Residuals of two commodiJes
Palm oil
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Palm oil residuals
The Amsterdam Research Project
Palm oil residuals
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Palm oil residuals
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Palm oil residuals
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Palm oil residuals
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Palm oil residuals
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Palm oil residuals
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Residuals 50 % of FFB
The Amsterdam Research Project
Palm oil residuals
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Residuals 50 % of FFB
Energy potenJal 20.000 kj per kg
The Amsterdam Research Project
Availability (per year)
Palm oil residuals Malaysia Indonesia
EFB 17.3 million 17.1 million
PKS 5.5 million 5.5 million
POME 55 million m3 54.5 million m3
MF 11 million 10.9 million
PKC 2.2 million No figures available
The Amsterdam Research Project
Local use
The Amsterdam Research Project
Local use
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Local use
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
FerJlizer
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Local use
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
FerJlizer
Illegally dumping
and
The Amsterdam Research Project
Local use
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
FerJlizer
Energy for boilersIllegally dumping
and
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Local use (2)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Local use (2)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Local use (2)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Not used
The Amsterdam Research Project
Local use (2)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Not used
Animal feed
The Amsterdam Research Project
SubsJtutes
The Amsterdam Research Project
SubsJtutes
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
The Amsterdam Research Project
SubsJtutes
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Cost efficient ferJlizer
The Amsterdam Research Project
SubsJtutes
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Cost efficient ferJlizer
POME
The Amsterdam Research Project
SubsJtutes
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Cost efficient ferJlizer
POME
Not used so no subsJtute
The Amsterdam Research Project
SubsJtutes
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Cost efficient ferJlizer
POME
Not used so no subsJtute
Animal feed product
The Amsterdam Research Project
Compressing techniques
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Compressing techniques
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Compressing techniques
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)
Briqueies
The Amsterdam Research Project
Compressing techniques
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)
Briqueies
ComposJng
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Compressing techniques
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)
Briqueies
ComposJngBurning into Potash
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Compressing techniques (2)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Compressing techniques (2)
Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
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Compressing techniques (2)
No techniques
Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (MF)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Compressing techniques (3)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Compressing techniques (3)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
The Amsterdam Research Project
Compressing techniques (3)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Liquefying methane gas
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Compressing techniques (3)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
Liquefying methane gas
PalleJzing
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So much residuals, what now?
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Mesocarp Fibre (FM)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Palm Oil
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Palm Oil
Op+on 1
DescripJon Supply planta>ons with fer>lizer and supply mills with compressing techniques. Transport the EFB to the ports.
Analysis Best opJon:Analysis
• Good energy poten+al• Rela+ve low investments in comparison to the other op+ons
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Palm Oil
Op+on 1
DescripJon Supply planta>ons with fer>lizer and supply mills with compressing techniques. Transport the EFB to the ports.
Analysis Best opJon:Analysis
• Good energy poten+al• Rela+ve low investments in comparison to the other op+ons
Op+on 2
Supply mills with an energy source and compression techniques. Invest in a biogas plant. Transport the PKS and MF to the ports.
Less best opJon:
• High energy poten+al• Highest investment costs
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OpJons for Palm Oil (2)
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Palm Oil (2)
Op+on 3
DescripJon Invest in a biogas plant. Liquefy the methane gas from the POME and transport it to the ports.
Analysis Less best opJon:Analysis
• Highest energy poten+al• Large investment costs
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpJons for Palm Oil (2)
Op+on 3
DescripJon Invest in a biogas plant. Liquefy the methane gas from the POME and transport it to the ports.
Analysis Less best opJon:Analysis
• Highest energy poten+al• Large investment costs
Op+on 4
Buy the PKC for market price. Invest in palle>zing techniques and transport the compressed PKS to the ports.
Second best opJon:
• Low energy poten+al• Low investment costs
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CondiJons for the advised opJon
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Convince smallholders and plantations about the selling of EFB instead of dumping it.
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Convince smallholders and plantations about the selling of EFB instead of dumping it.
2. Supply mills with a new fertilizer instead of EFB.
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Convince smallholders and plantations about the selling of EFB instead of dumping it.
2. Supply mills with a new fertilizer instead of EFB.
3. Supply the mills with a compressing technique, to compress EFB in to briquettes.
The Amsterdam Research Project
CondiJons for the advised opJon
1. Convince smallholders and plantations about the selling of EFB instead of dumping it.
2. Supply mills with a new fertilizer instead of EFB.
3. Supply the mills with a compressing technique, to compress EFB in to briquettes.
4. Assure that the mills are accessible by large container trucks.
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpportuniJes and Threats Indonesia
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpportuniJes and Threats Indonesia
Opportuni++es
• Large areas of undeveloped oil palm planta+ons available;• Low land costs;• Increasing of produc+on by smallholders by using fer+lizer and new gene+c stock;• Zero-‐waste policy.
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpportuniJes and Threats Indonesia
Opportuni++es
• Large areas of undeveloped oil palm planta+ons available;• Low land costs;• Increasing of produc+on by smallholders by using fer+lizer and new gene+c stock;• Zero-‐waste policy.
Threats
• Extremely limited infrastructure• Extremely limited processing capabili+es• Investment climate (corrup+on etc.)• Decentralized government• Less focus on sustainability;• Selling of residuals increases price.
The Amsterdam Research Project
Advise for Palm Oil in Indonesia
Impor+ng palm oil residuals from Indonesia:A risky business or a huge opportunity?
The Amsterdam Research Project
Advise for Palm Oil in Indonesia
Risky Business
Impor+ng palm oil residuals from Indonesia:A risky business or a huge opportunity?
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpportuniJes and Threats Malaysia
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpportuniJes and Threats Malaysia
Opportuni++es
• Infrastructure;• Expected produc+on growth palm oil; • Research in re-‐use of biomass residuals; • Economically and poli+cally stable; • Sustainability issues / green technology is s+mulated by the government.
The Amsterdam Research Project
OpportuniJes and Threats Malaysia
Opportuni++es
• Infrastructure;• Expected produc+on growth palm oil; • Research in re-‐use of biomass residuals; • Economically and poli+cally stable; • Sustainability issues / green technology is s+mulated by the government.
Threats
• Short term focus (Red Tape);• Other par+es interested in PKS and PKC.• Selling of residuals increases price.
The Amsterdam Research Project
Advise for Palm Oil in Malaysia
Impor+ng Palm Oil residuals from Malaysia:A risky business or a huge opportunity?
The Amsterdam Research Project
Advise for Palm Oil in Malaysia
Huge opportunity
Impor+ng Palm Oil residuals from Malaysia:A risky business or a huge opportunity?
The Amsterdam Research Project
QuesJons