Repurposing, and Content Migration

Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation

209 The How and

Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration

March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL

Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation

© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration

eLearning GuildAnnual Gathering 2009Robby RobsonDamon Regan

Page 1Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009


TopicsTell Me WhyTell Me Why

New Challenge: Content lifecycle managementOld Standard: SCORM (and what it really does)

Show Me HowShow Me HowNew Paradigm: Renewable CoursewareOld Tricks: Designing to LastDog & Pony: Demo using tools

Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009


Page 3Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration

Point

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Some things change fast

Year

19801987199420012008

What was sold

HardwareSoftware*Software** AdvertisingServices


Technology infrastructure

MainframesWorkstationsLocal Area NetworksInternet (TCP/IP)Web

* Perpetual license ** Subscriptions / maintenance contracts

The entireInternet in 1970

The entireInternet in 1970

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And other more slowly

Year

187019402010

Learning resource

BooksTeachersGoogle


Learning infrastructure

LibrariesClassroomsThe Web

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And when we get right down to it…

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Content is Still King

2005 2006 2007

Content $3 Billion

$4 Billion

$5 Billion

Infra‐structure

$600 Million

$750 Million

$930 Million

Services $2 Billion

$3 Billion

$4 Billion


U. S . Corporate eLearning Revenue ($M) – IDC, 2006

Survey research on e-learning in Asian Countries- Fiscal year 2002, Country specific report - Singapore.

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But … Content is not constant

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How Content Evolves (Dan Young)





Research MethodologySurvey Data

24 companiesTwo year maintenance period339 Courses

16 types of maintenance activities3 measures

Companies engaged in activity during a two‐year periodCourses affected out of entire poolIf a company engaged in a given activity, what percentage of their courseware was affected





Changes in Pedagogy


More than 1/3 of companies affectedMore than 1/3 of companies affected

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Changes in Technical Requirements



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Standards Requirements



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Bottom line


Not counting plain updates to the text or graphics (“content updates”) 72% of courses needed maintenance over a two‐year period.

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So a practical place to focusIs on making content more maintainable

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Which is one advantage of SCORM

Uploaded to Flickr on February 15, 2009 by cliff1066

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Understanding SCORM

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Understanding SCORM


A little differently …


This is a PowerPoint Deck



It comes in a Package





With a list of slides and sub‐objects



That are Sequenced



That can easily be rearranged





Easily Re‐branded all at once



And Shared at every level

Package level: share the deckPage level: share a slideAsset level: copy and paste from a slide

Assets can be cut and pasted

Assets can be cut and pasted



With “previous” and “next”

provided by a standardized player

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THE CONTENT PLAYER

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(And even has metadata)

(That few fill out and is often wrong)(Which as another topic)



SCORM = PPT for Learning

Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 29

LMS = THE CONTENT PLAYER

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PowerPoint

Slide DeckSlideImage, text box etc.Order of slidesPrevious and nextDesign (theme)PPT as player (Not part of PPT)(Not part of PPT)

SCORM

PackagePage (in most content)AssetSequencingSequencing (runtime)Theme (not part of SCORM)LMSObjectives & resultsRetrieval of learner data






PPT = PRESENTATION

Uses GraphicsUses SoundsWindows basedLinear Sequencing

SCORM = INSTRUCTION

Uses GraphicsUses SoundsWeb basedAdaptive SequencingObjectivesCompletion ReportingSatisfaction ReportingProgress Reporting

With Instructional Elements



SCORM = PPT for Learning(With Open Specifications)PowerPoint

MicrosoftFree PowerPoint Viewer

Purchase development tool from Microsoft. Only one tool exists.

Open source alternatives (Open Office)

SCORM

ADL CommunityFree Sample Run‐Time Environment / Test TrackPurchase LMS and Authoring Tools from many vendors

Open source tools (e.g. RELOAD) and LMS (e.g. Moodle)




Which brings us to

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A FRAMEWORK FOR CONTENT LIFECYCLE MAINTAINANCE

(Work supported by the National Science Foundation)

See also: Reusability and Reusable Design. Chapter in Second Edition of Trends and Issues in Instructional Design edited by John V. Dempsey and Robert A. Reiser. Merill / Prentice‐Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey




And questions

that determine the (re)usability of eLearning content

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Four Questions About Content


May I use it?

Will it work?

Is it flexible?

Can I find it?

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Can I Find It?


May I use it?

Will it work?

Is it flexible?

Can I find it?Metadata Cataloging, Search & Discovery

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May I Use It?


May I use it?

Will it work?

Is it flexible?

Can I find it?

Rights

Right to use or modify

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Will it Work?


May I use it?

Will it work?

Is it flexible?

Can I find it?

Interoperability

Platform & system compatibility

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Is it flexible?


May I use it?

Will it work?

Is it flexible?

Can I find it?

Reusable Design

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Is it flexible?


May I use it?

Will it work?

Is it flexible?

Can I find it?

SCORM focuses on these!

Suitability & ability to repurpose

Reusable Design

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The basic idea is to

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Separate different layers of eLearning content so that they may be changed independently.

In other words …11 March, 2009


E‐LEARNING CONTENT IS LIKE AN ONION

(Not just because it makes grown people cry)



CONTENT IS AT THE CORE

CONTENTInformation contained in a resource that is intended to affect a change in cognitive stateThe meaning conveyed by a resource and the words and images used to convey it


THIS is content

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PRESENTATION IS ABOUT HOW THINGS LOOK

CONTENTThe meaning conveyed by a resource and the words and images used to convey itInformation contained in a resource that is intended to affect a change in cognitive state

PRESENTATIONHow a resource is rendered and what visual and auditory elements will be used to render it



PRESENTATION CAN BE CHANGED WITHOUT CHANGING THE CONTENT (NOT ALWAYS WITH THE BEST RESULTS)

CONTENTTHE MEANINGCONVEYED BY A RESOURCE AND THE WORDS AND IMAGESUSED TO CONVEY ITINFORMATIONCONTAINED IN A RESOURCE THAT IS INTENDED TO AFFECT A CHANGE IN COGNITIVE STATE


PRESENTATIONHOW A RESOURCE IS RENDERED AND WHAT VISUAL AND AUDITORY ELEMENTS WILL BE USED TO RENDER IT

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STRUCTURE IS ABOUT ORGANIZATION & NAVIGATION



STRUCTUREHow a digital learning resource is structured into smaller units, and how these are navigated or sequenced





STRUCTURE IS ABOUT ORGANIZATION & NAVIGATION



CONTEXT IS REQUIRED FOR UNDERSTANDING




CONTEXTLanguage, cultural knowledge, subject knowledge, relations to other learning resources and other factors needed to properly interpret a digital learning resource



CONTEXT IS REQUIRED FOR UNDERSTANDING







PEDAGOGY IS ABOUT TEACHING & LEARNING




CONTEXTLanguage, cultural knowledge, subject knowledge, relations to other learning resources and other factors needed to properly interpret a digital learning resource

PEDAGOGYHow e‐learning content is used as part of a learning strategy and incorporates an instructional design



ExamplesCostly to maintainNavigation controls hard coded into contentLook, feel & branding hard coded into contentContent can only be maintained with one tool Content coded in a format flexible only for a browserAdaptive behavior is hard coded (or missing)Content cannot be searched

Designed for MaintenanceNavigation controls expressed using a standardLook, feel and branding can be changed independentlyContent can be maintained with readily available toolsContent can be published for multiple devicesContent is aware of learner information and can adaptContent is indexed for search & discovery






And if that made sense it is time for a demo

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CONTACT [email protected]@eduworks.com


Repurposing, and Content Migration

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