Reproductive Systems. Major Organs of the Reproductive System zOvaries - FEMALE reproductive gland...
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Transcript of Reproductive Systems. Major Organs of the Reproductive System zOvaries - FEMALE reproductive gland...
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Reproductive Systems
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Major Organs of the Reproductive System
Ovaries - FEMALE reproductive gland in which EGGS are formed and hormones are produced.
Testes -- MALE reproductive gland that produces SPERM and TESTOSTERONE.
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Reproductive Terms
Zygote -- a cell formed by the union of EGG and SPERM at fertilization.
EMBRYO -- organism in early stages of development.
PREGNANCY -- carrying a fetusFertilization -- the union of the EGG
and SPERM nuclei
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Reproductive Terms
CONCEPTION - occurrence of fertilization
Ejaculation - a discharge of semen from the male
Ovulation - release of an OVULE from the female.
Sterility - Temporary or permanent inability to reproduce
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Reproductive Terms
Fertile - the ability to reproduc.Palpation - Examination by feelGestation - the time from
FERTILIZATION or conception of a female until she gives BIRTH
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The Estrous Cycle
1. Estrus – period of time when female is receptive to the male and will stand for mating.
2. Metestrus – follows ESTRUS; period when the CORPUS LUTEUM (hormone-secreting growth) forms where the EGG was released from the OVARY.
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The Estrous Cycle
3. Diestrus – follows METESTRUS; period when the corpus luteum is FUNCTIONAL. Hormones released stimulate preparation of UTERUS for PREGNANCY.
4. Proestrus – follows DIESTRUS; rapid FOLLICLE growth to prepare for next OVULATION.
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Average Estrous Cycles
Cows 21 daysMares 21 daysSows 21 daysEwes 16 days
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Heat (Estrus) Detection --
List ways to detect heat in each of the following species:
Cow or Heifer –Mare –Ewe –Sow or Gilt –
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Best time of the year to breed
Mare – horses are seasonal polyestrous breeders and mares cycle naturally in the ____________ and stop cycling in __________________. Breed mares on the _______ day of estrus and every other day for ____________ days.
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Cow or Heifer – cattle will breed throughout the year although most ranchers restrict breeding to __________ days in the ___________ or spring so that calves will be born together.
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Ewe – sheep are ______________ polyestrous breeders and breed buring the late ___________ and early ________, in order for lambs to be born in the __________ or early __________.
Sow or Gilt – hogs are __________________ polyestrous breeders and are usually bred to have ________ litters each year. Breed sow on the __________ day of estrus and _________ hours later.
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Doe Rabbit – domestic rabbits breed most successfully in the __________ and _________.
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Reproductive HormonesHormone Origin Destination Function
Follicle Stimulating Pituitary Ovaries Grows follicles Hormone on ovaries
Estrogen ____________ _____________Femininity and mating desire
3. Lutenizing Hormone Pituitary _____________________________
4. _____________ ____________ Brain Stops the cycle
5. Oxytocin Putuitary _____________________________________________
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6. _____________ TestesBrain/Total Body
________________
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Sex Cells
Contain HALF the normal number of chromosomes
Female Reproductive Cell - EGG (OVULE)
Male Reproductive Cell - SPERM Semen - the fluid that carries sperm
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Sperm Abnormalities
Normal Pear Slender
Microcephalic
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Sperm Abnormalities
Macrochephalic
Double Headed
Abnormal Acrosome
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Sperm Abnormalities
Off Center Coiled Tail Double Tail
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Sperm Abnormalities
Bent Tail Double Swollen
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Sperm Abnormalities
Detached Heads
Protoplasmic Droplet Shoehoo
k TailLoose
Cap
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Sperm from Different Species
Bull Sheep Chicken
Rat
Guinea Pig
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Female Reproductive Organs Structure
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Female Reproductive Organs Function
Vulva -opening of reproductive tractVagina - channel for birth and copulationCervix - divides vagina and uterusUterus - provides nourishment for fetusHorns of Uterus - where fetus growsFallopian Tube - where fertilization
occursOvaries - produces eggs and hormones
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Male Reproductive Organs Structure
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Male Reproductive Organs Function
Testes - produce sperm and testosterone
Epididymis - collects and stores spermVas deferens - transports spermAmpulla - temporary storagePenis - places sperm in femaleUrethra - transports urine
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Male Reproductive Organs Function
Cowper's Gland - produces semenProstrate Gland - produces semenSeminal Vesicle - produces semenRetractor Penis Muscle - Scrotum - protects testes, maintains
tempSheath - opening of reproductive tractSpermatic cord - supports testes
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Reasons for Sterility & Delayed Breeding
Poor SemenPhysical defects and injuriesPsychological problemsInfection and DiseasePoor management and feedingInherited abnormalities
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Best Time for Fertility Checks
Just before breeding season By testing at this time you can identify sterile or
near sterile bulls at the time they are expected to settle cows.
Soon after breeding season Semen collected at the end of the breeding season
should be evaluated carefully because heavy service temporarily lowers the semen quality in most bulls. Checking fertility at this time, however, saves the cost of keeping an infertile bull
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Reasons For Infertility SterilityAge DeformitiesTemperatureConditionFreemartinSilent HeatChronic bullerDisease and Infections
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Reasons For Poor Conception Rates
Improper timing of inseminationDiseasePoor insemination techniquePoor managementOvulationPoor Semen