Reported speech definitive version
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Transcript of Reported speech definitive version
REPORTED SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
What is it ? How do you use it?
We use it when we want to tell another person about a conversation that took place in the past (e.g telephone call, news or a story that someone told us, etc.)
Where’s Tom?
He said he was
feeling ill.
CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH:
Verb Tense (when the Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense – most times)
Personal Pronouns, Possessives
(In a logical way, see every sentence)
Demonstratives: This That
These Those
Time & Place Expressions
' I know quite a lot of people here.'Robert said.
Present Simple
Simple Past He said that he ...............................quite a lot of people there
'John is feeling much better ' Paul said.
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
He said that John ...........................much better
' I enjoyed my holiday in the States'David said.
Simple Past
Past Perfect He said that he ............................... his holiday in the States
'Jackie wasn´t feeling very well 'The teacher said.
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
He said that Jackie .........................very well
' They‘ve seen the Eiffel Tower 'John said.
Present Perfect
Past Perfect He said that they ............................the Eiffel Tower
' I have been waiting for ages 'My father said.
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
He said that he ............................for ages
' Nobody had warned them about the storm ' The politician said.
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
(No change)
He said that nobody .................... about the storm
' She had been reading all day 'Brenda said.
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous(No change)
She said that she ........................ all day
Verb Tense Changes:
' I will be here with you.'Robert promised me.
Future Simple
Conditional Robert promised that he ...............................there with me
'John is going to study French ' Paul said.
Be going to
Was/Were going to
Paul said that John ...........................to study French
MODAL VERBS:
' We can start the lesson'David said.
Can
Could David said that we ............................... start the lesson
' They may come home 'My husband said.
May Might My husband said that they .........................come home
' You must be quiet in class 'The teacher told us.
‘ I’ll see you later!’ She said.
Must
Will/ Shall
Had to
Would
The teacher told us that we ............................be quiet in classShe said that she ………..… me later.
Changes in Time and Place expressions:
Time A week ago The previous week/ the week before
Now
Ago
Then
Before
This morning
That morning
Today
tonight
That day
That nightPlace
tomorrow the following day OR the day after OR the next day
here there
yesterday the previous day OR the day before
This town/ garden...
That town/ garden ...
last week/ month/ ...
the previous week/ month ... OR the week before
These cities/ ... Those cities/ ...
Next week / month/ ...
The following week / month OR the week/ month after
Statements are Affirmative or Negative Sentences.We use a Reporting Verb + That (it can be omitted)
+ Subject + verb in Previous tense + ...Say / tell are the most frequent verbs .•Tell +indirect complement(always)•Say(+ to + optional indirect complement)-“ The film was too boring” , said the teacher.The teacher said /said to us/told us (that) the film
was too boring.- “It’s the funniest show I’ve ever seen” -Joan told me.Joan told me (that) it was the funniest show she had ever seen.
1. REPORTING STATEMENTS
Reporting Verbs:Other verbs also transmit the intention or the way the speaker talked:
ACCUSE of*ADDADMIT *ADVISE ...toAGREEANSWERAPOLOGIZE for*ARGUEASSUREBOAST about *CLAIM
COMPLAIN to .. About *DECLAREDENY *EXPLAININFORMINSIST on*GRUMBLE about *MENTIONOBJECT to *OBSERVEOFFER to
POINT OUTPROMISE (to)PROTEST against /about *REFUSE toREMIND… toREMARKREPLYTHREATEN to
* These verbs + ing
The most common ones:
TELL + I.O. and SAYFollowed by THAT ( Remember it can be omitted!)
A) YES / NO QUESTIONS:
Reporting Verb + If or whether + Subject + Verb +...
(Order of Reported Question: Subject + Verb - as in Statements)
“Are you working these days?” he said.He asked if/whether I was working those days. (No Question
Mark)
“Did you speak to John last night?” she askedShe wanted to know if I had spoken to J, the night before.
2.REPORTING QUESTIONS
B) WH- QUESTIONS:
Reporting Verb + Question Word(s) + Subject + Verb (The Word Order is again the same as in Statements)
“Where did you go last summer?”. He asked me where I had gone the previous summer.“How long were you waiting for us?”She wanted to know how long I had been waiting for them.
Introductory verbs:
ask, wonder, would like/ want to know, …
The Imperative changes into (Not) To Infinitive:He said to us: “Stay here” He told us to stay there
The Reporting Verb must indicate “order”:He said: “Don’t mention that”
He told me not to mention that.
“Say that again”, he said to me He asked me to say that again.
Reporting Verbs:
Tell,ask, beg, invite, warn, order, command, instruct,...
3.REPORTING COMMANDS (= ORDERS)
We normally use suggest + gerund OR suggest that + Clause
•Let’s, why don’t we, shall we, why not… are omitted:
“Let’s go to the theatre” “Why don’t we go to the theatre?”“Shall we go to the theatre?”“He should visit the museum”She suggested going to the theatreShe suggested that we (should) go to the theatreShe suggested that he (should) visit** the museum“Let’s not argue again,” he said.He suggested not arguing againHe suggested that they should not argue again.
4.REPORTING SUGGESTIONS:
We use these Reporting Verbs: beg, ask, demand, request + (not) to(they usually take an Indirect Object)
The word “please” is omitted.
“Can I go out tonight, mum, please?” The boy begged.The boy begged to go out that night.“John, don’t open the window, please” I saidI asked /requested/begged John not to open the window.“Can you let me use your phone, please?” I asked my neighbour.
I asked my neighbour to let me use her phone.“Can I use your phone?” I asked my neighbourI asked my neighbour if I could use her phone OR
To use her phone
5.REPORTING REQUESTS
Agree, refuse, offer, promise, threaten,remind + To Infinitive:
Ann: Would you wait half an hour?Tom: All rightTom agreed to wait half an hour.Chris: Would you lend me another €50?David: No, I won´t lend you any more moneyDavid refused ...
Accuse of, admit, apologize for, deny, insist on + Gerund
You took my money! He accused her of ...I didn’t steal it! He denied ...I am sorry I’m late She apologized for ...Let me pay, please She insisted on ...
6.Other Verbs & Structures: