REPORTED SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Microsoft PowerPoint - English Part-II_S N Hegde_29.05.2012.pptxSPEECH Connective / LinkerSPEECH Connective / Linker
(that, if / whether, ‘wh’ word, ‘to’) ( , , , )
is used to combine the two
parts. Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
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i) that is used as the connective to report Statements / Assertive to report Statements / Assertive sentences and Exclamatory sentences sentences.
(Th f th t i ti l)(The use of that is optional)
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Examples: Kumar said “I am very busy now ”Kumar said, “I am very busy now.” Kumar said that he was very busy then.
She says, “I have done my work.” She says that she has done her work.
My father said to me, “You must work h d ” hard.” My father told me that I had to work hard.
Examples:
He said to her, “I can play football.” He told her that he could play football.He told her that he could play football.
He said, “Man is mortal.” He said that man is mortal
S h id “Wh t fi h t!” Suresh said, “What a fine shot!” Suresh said that it was a very fine shot.
Exercises: Shi id “Sh it i b k ”Shivu said, “Sharan, it is my book.” Shivu told Sharan _____ it was his b kbook.
M id “H b tif l th t Mary said, “How beautiful that rose is!” M l i d it Mary exclaimed _____ it was a beautiful rose.
Key: Shivu said, “Sharan, it is my book.” Shivu told Sharan that it was his book.
Mary said, “How beautiful that rose is!” Mary exclaimed that it was a beautiful rose.
ii) To report WH question the same wh word in the Direct Speech is used as the connective.connective.
(‘WH’ words – who, whom, whose, what, ( WH words who, whom, whose, what, when, where, why, which, how)
Examples: She said to Ravi, “Where do you live?” She asked Ravi where he lived.
Madhu said, “When did you come, Smitha?”Smitha? Madhu asked Smitha when she had come.
He said, “What is this?” He asked what that was.
Examples: The doctor said to the boy, “What are you suffering from?” The doctor asked the boy what he was The doctor asked the boy what he was suffering from.
“Why are you crying, my son?” the mother said. The mother asked her son why he was crying.
Exercises: The teacher said “How are you The teacher said, How are you, Deepak?” The teacher asked Deepak he The teacher asked Deepak ______ he was.
Girish said, “Where is my shirt, mother?”mother? Girish asked his mother ______ his shirt was
shirt was.
Key:
The teacher said, “How are you, Deepak?” The teacher asked Deepak how he The teacher asked Deepak how he was.
Girish said, “Where is my shirt, mother?” Girish asked his mother where his Girish asked his mother where his shirt was.
iii) To report Yes / No questions if / whether is used as the connective.
(Keep in mind the spelling of ( p p g whether and weather )
(Yes / No questions begin with auxiliaries – be, have, do, and modal verbs)
Examples: Asha said “Anusha isn’t it very cold Asha said, “Anusha, isn’t it very cold today?” Asha asked Anusha if / whether it was not Asha asked Anusha if / whether it was not very cold that day.
Prakash said to Puneeth, “Is your brother staying in Davanagere?” P k h k d P th if / h th hi Prakash asked Puneeth if / whether his brother was staying in Davanagere.
Examples:
Meena said to Chaya, “Can you speak English?”English? Meena asked Chaya if / whether she could speak English.
I said to him, “Do you teach me science?” I k d hi if / h th h ld t h I asked him if / whether he would teach me science.
Exercises:
Neeta said, “Are you hungry, Sunita?” Neeta asked Sunita she was Neeta asked Sunita _______ she was hungry.
“Have you bought a new bag, Umesh?” Raman said. R k d U h h h d Raman asked Umesh _______ he had bought a new bag.
Key:
Neeta said, “Are you hungry, Sunita?” Neeta asked Sunita if / whether she was Neeta asked Sunita if / whether she was hungry.
“Have you bought a new bag, Umesh?” Raman said. R k d U h if / h th h h d Raman asked Umesh if / whether he had bought a new bag.
iv) To report Imperative iv) To report Imperative
sentences (orders, requests,
the connective.
Examples:
The teacher said, “Bring notes tomorrow.” The teacher told the students to bringThe teacher told the students to bring notes the next day.
“Prepare for the exams,” my father said to me. M f th t ld t f th My father told me to prepare for the exams.
Examples: “Chinnu don’t write on the wall ” mother “Chinnu, don’t write on the wall,” mother said. Mother told Chinnu not to write on the Mother told Chinnu not to write on the wall.
He said to me, “Go away.” He commanded me to go away.
“Please, help me to lift it,” she told him. She requested him to help her to lift it.
She requested him to help her to lift it.
Exercises:
The mother said to the boy, “Don’t h t ”shout.”
The mother told the boy _______.
“Rahul, take your notes,” said Sh th ”Sharath.” Sharath told Rahul _______ his notes.
Key: Th th id t th b “D ’t The mother said to the boy, “Don’t shout.” Th th t ld th b t t The mother told the boy not to shout.
“Rahul, take your notes,” said Sh th ”Sharath.” Sharath told Rahul to take his notes.
The Verb (Tense form)
Depending on the Reporting
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
C ti Past Continuous
Continuous iii) Present Perfect Past perfect iv) Present Perfect Past perfect iv) Present Perfect
Continuous Past perfect Continuous
v) Simple Past Past Perfectv) Simple Past Past Perfect vi) Past Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
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Examples:
He said, “I’m a student.” He said that he was a studentHe said that he was a student.
He said, “I’m preparing for KAS.”, p p g He said that he was preparing for KAS.
H id “I’ d h k ”He said, “I’ve done my homework.” He said that he had done his homework.
Examples: He said “I’ve been working very hard ”He said, I ve been working very hard. He said that he had been working very hard.
He said, “I bought a mobile.” He said that he had bought a mobile.
He said “I was waiting in the bus stand ”He said, “I was waiting in the bus stand.” He said that he had been waiting in the bus stand.
bus stand.
Modal Verbs will ----- would can ---- could shall --- should may ---- mighty g must --- had to
Usually shall or will of the Future Tense becomes would in REPORTED Tense becomes would in REPORTED SPEECH.
Examples:
He said, “I’ll go with my friend.” He said that he would go with his friend.He said that he would go with his friend.
He said, “I can do this work.” He said that he could do that work.
H id “All t l t th k ”He said, “All must complete the work.” He said that all had to complete the work.
Examples:
He said, “Where shall we go now, Raghu?” He asked Raghu where they would go He asked Raghu where they would go then.
He said to the teacher, “May I get in, Sir?” He requested the teacher if / whether he
i ht t imight get in.
If the Verb in a sentence in the Direct Speech refers to a Universal Truth, its Tense remains unchanged, g in the Reported / Indirect Speech.
The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east.”the east. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
in the east.
Personal pronouns are p changed (from 1st, 2nd & 3rd
person to 1st or 3rd person)person to 1st or 3rd person) depending on the context.p g
Examples:
Vani said, “I am studying in 1st PUC.” V i id th t h t d i i Vani said that she was studying in 1st PUC.
Ramesh said, “I am not feeling well.” R h id th t h t f li Ramesh said that he was not feeling well.
Examples: “Sushma your dress attractive ” Sheela said“Sushma, your dress attractive,” Sheela said. Sheela told Sushma that her dress was attractive.
He said, “Are you ready, boys?” He asked the boys if / whether they were ready.
He said, “I am a poor man.” He said that he was a poor man.
p
The words expressing nearness in
the DIRECT SPEECH are changed to
the words expressing distance in the the words expressing distance in the
REPORTED / INDIRECT SPEECH. Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
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DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH here therehere there this that these those now then thus so hence thence today that day tonight that nighttonight that night ago before / earlier /
previously Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
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previously
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH yesterday the day before / the previous y y y p
day tomorrow the next day /the following day /
th d ftthe day after
last night the night before / the previous last night the night before / the previous night
last week the week before / the previous kweek
next week the following week / the week after
after
Examples:
He said, “I went to the theatre last night.” He said that he had been to the theatre He said that he had been to the theatre the night before / the previous night.
He said, “I have to attend a function tomorrow.” He said that he had to attend a f nctionHe said that he had to attend a function the next day / the day after / the following day.
day.
Examples: He said, “Boys, don’t play here in the garden.” H d th b t l th i th He warned the boys not play there in the garden.
He said, “I reached the station an hour ago.”g He said that he had reached the station an hour before.
We have to remember some important points regarding the use p p g g of the Reported / Indirect Speech:
1) The Reported or Indirect Speech i t l h i ll is not always mechanically derived from the Direct Speech.
2)The use of the Reported / Indirect S h i it i Speech is quite common in journalistic writing and in narrating t istories.
3) F t l i f i f ti d 3) Factual pieces of information and descriptions of events are very well
d i th R t d / I di t expressed in the Reported / Indirect Speech.
4) E ti l i f 4) Emotional expressions of anger, fear, confusion, sorrow, joy, etc;
titi f d h t h repetition of words; short exchanges of talks between speakers; i l t li t b ff ti incomplete lines cannot be effective in the Reported / Indirect Speech. Th ll b t d l i They are all best expressed only in the Direct Speech.
Wish you all the bestWish you all the best. Thank you.y

REPORTED SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

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