Table of contents

(1)Introduction To projectors

(2)Types Of projectors

(3)working of projectors

(4)Advantages and Disadvantages

(5)Conclusion & future scope

(6) References

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TABULAR FORMS & FIGURES

FIGURES:

Figure: CRT PROJECTORS…………………………………………………………………10

Figure: Digital Light Processing……………………………………………………………..11

Figure:Working of Digital Light Processing…………………………………………………12

Figure: LCD projector………………………………………………………………………...15

Figure:Working of LCD projectors…………………………………………………………..16

Figure:Projector differences…………………………………………………………………....20

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3. INTRODUCTION

A video projector is an image that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding images on a projection screen using a lens system.

Video projectors are widely used for many application such as conference room presentations classroom training, home theater and concerts.

The history of projectors is not really that long going back only as far as the 1970’s,,when the first projectors came out in the form of CRT(cathode ray tube) projectors.

While having the advantage of displaying smoothly flowing movements CRT projectors had drawbaks Includind image distortion and issues in reducing the size of the projectors.

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4.Four Main things to look for:

1)The type of projectors

(a)LCD

(b)DLP

(c)CRT

2)The lumens out(brightness)of lamp-(800-1000)is good for LCD,DLP at 1000 is good . Don’t get it to high or colours will look poor,less than 1500 is really needed for good colour reproduction.

3)The Resolution for optimal picture make sure to get XGA or WXGA.

4)A very key point is contrast ration above 300:1 blacks

Look dark gray 1000:1+ is Excellent.

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Home Theater Projectors

An in-depth look into the industry’s top Home Theater Projectors. You will find thorough reviews, professional insight, and specifications to find exactly what you’re looking for. Unlike other sources, we get the opportunity to test-drive the latest advancements in home theater projector technology.

Pico Projectors

Pico projectors typically weigh in under 3 pounds (true Picos are typically under 1 lb). True Pico projectors are the smallest class, and those typically produce only 10 to 100 lumens of brightness.  Most can run on internal batteries

The larger projectors (under 3 pounds and with solid state light engines) which are sometimes called Pico projectors we refer to as Pocket projectors, which typically serve up 150 to 1000 lumens. We are now seeing pocket projectors claiming up to 500 lumens, and delivering. We’ve reviewed several of these new bright pocket projectors.

4K   Projectors

4K Projectors are the next “revolution” when it comes to immersive home theater, or revealing maximum detail in commercial applications.  With 4K resolution, viewers can sit close enough to fill most of their view with sharp imagery – sitting twice as close as 1080p to the same sized screen.  For business and education, finer details can be revealed whether in artwork, engineering renderings, or any other detail critical applications.  In early 2016 4K projectors start at just under $10,000 but will be coming down in price as more models are launched.

LASER Projectors

Laser projectors bring solid-state tech to projectors, yielding the benefits of long life, and consistent brightness and color handling.  Although costing more, laser projectors in commercial applications typically offer a good ROI compared to lamp-based projectors, especially in high performance and multi-projector displays. In addition to fairly expensive business education projectors starting around $5000+, there are a few tiny, Pico class laser projectors. That’s a whole different world, one dominated by LED light sources.  As solid-state light engines go, laser projectors using phosphors seem to be the best current tech, although there are hybrid laser/LED projectors and LED projectors as well.

3D Projectors

3D Projectors are here! The enthusiasm following the release of Avatar in the theaters, followed by several other major 3D movies including Alice In Wonderland, has the industry abuzz, and 3D is now a real focus of the projector manufacturers. There are plenty of 720p resolution home DLP projectors that are 3D ready, needing only 3D glasses and some content. As of right now, there are multiple markets for 3D projectors, including simulations, scientific modeling in 3D,and “Discovery HD type content, not just 3D movie viewing.

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Video Projectors

Video projector is a popular term generally used to describe just about any digital projection system. In the earlier days, projectors were video only, not data projectors, though nowadays virtually all projectors are capable of both. Basically, video projectors start with the smallest of projectors, the Pico projectors that will fit into your pocket, and end with the largest cinema projectors seen at your local movie theater. However, we at Projector Reviews only concern ourselves mainly with those video projectors under $10,000.

LCD Projectors

Find out what the advantages of choosing LCD Projectors are over other leading technologies. Is there a superior and more cost efficient technology on the market? You will find your answers here and possibly the right projector for your home, business, or classroom.

DLP Projectors

What is a DLP projector? Let’s start with DLP itself. It stands for Digital Light Processor, and that’s the type of “chip” used in almost half of the world’s projectors. DLP, as in DLP projectors is the marketing term. The actual technical term for the “DLP” chips themselves is DMD, which Texas Instruments (creator of the technology, and manufacturer of the chips) called DMD, or digital micro device.

Digital Projectors

The term Digital Projectors is typically used loosely to include any projector capable of connecting to a computer. However, for a projector to be considered truly digital, it would use a digital device, such as a DLP chip as opposed to LCD panels, and would be equipped with an LED light source – instead of a conventional lamp that is considered analog. The completely digital projector would also require digital source material coming over to the projector via a digital connection such as HDMI or DVI.

1080p Projectors

We compare 30 1080p Home Theater Projectors and Home Entertainment Projectors. Consider which projector technology will work best with your room. Get a detailed analysis on the leading projectors in each price range. This is a report the tech savvy consumer must read.

LED Projectors

LED projectors are unique in that they use an LED light source as opposed to a conventional lamp. At present, the LED technology can be used for projectors in both the business and home theater projector industries.

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Portable Projectors

Truth is, projectors have gotten small enough and light enough that the full-feature sets normally found in projectors for fixed installation are now often available in low cost, 6-8 lb. portable projectors. A lot of portable projectors, therefore, end up in conference rooms, classrooms, training rooms, permanently mounted despite their small size. The slightly larger models that can still move from room to room, however, dominate the industry.

Multimedia Projectors

If ever there was a generic term to describe projectors these days, it would have to be multimedia projector. Consider, to quality, a device would have to be a projector, and handle more than one type of media, whether you are talking about media as TV, HDTV, DVD, Blu-ray, or if you are just talking videos, movies, spreadsheets, documents, photos, charts, etc.

Office Projectors

Office projectors are projectors that are designed for the workplace. Office projector is synonymous with terms such as business projectors, education projectors, or government projectors. Some associate office projectors with projectors that are anything from those sold at places like Staples or Office Depot (which are typically the smaller portable projectors that are suitable from dragging from room to room), up to projectors hung from the ceiling. Generally, though, office projectors typically do not include the big auditorium projectors.

Classroom Projectors

Our goal is to guide you to the classroom projector that best fits your goal in terms of technology and budget. We cover specifics such as brightness, placement flexibility, rainbow effect susceptibility, widescreen vs. standard, networking features, and much more. There is no ‘best’ education projector, however, let us guide you to the one that best fits your needs.

Business Projectors

Business Projectors offer necessary for conference room presentations, interactive advertising, sales, and market analysis. Business projectors offer a solution for your business to engage in creative planning, captivate potential investors, or close a deal. A business projector can be a fixed installation system for your conference room, or a 1.5 lb mini projector that can fit in your pocket.

Church Projectors

Church Projectors, or House of Worship Projectors, are a wonderful way to captivate a large audience. A church projector offers a great solution for displaying scripture verses, images, and travel photos, videos, and more. Projectors are widely used in Churches for making sermons and programs easier for large groups to follow.

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LCoS Projectors

LCoS projectors are a high-resolution alternative to LCD projectors and DLP projectors. LCoS technology is the reason high definition Big Screens are more affordable than ever before. LCoS, Liquid Crystal on Silicon, technology applies liquid crystals onto the surface of a silicon chip, using liquid crystals rather than tiny mirrors, to display natural colors and superior contrast.

3LCD Projectors

3LCD projectors display a resplendent color depth and natural images as a result of this 3 chip technology. The solid-state design of the 3LCD projector allows for no moving parts, which makes results in high energy efficiency. The 3-Chip 3LCD projector is an highly developed system that projects light onto a series of mirrors, which is then split into three video colors.

DLP 3 Chip Projectors

These 3 Chip DLP technology produce maximum brightness output and spectacular images in large venue applications. 3 Chip DLP projectors will commonly be used in award ceremonies, concerts, large events, and even on Broadway. These large venue projectors make each seat in the house, the best seat.

Handheld Projectors

Handheld Projectors are a mobile solution for gaming, business presentations, and enjoying media on a larger display screen. Handheld projectors can integrate with the iPhone, or any smart-phone, to enjoy photos and videos with a larger group. Handheld projector technology is the wave of the future, and solves issues related to small display screens.

Pocket Projectors

Pocket Projectors weigh in under 2 lbs and are able to project large images upwards of 65 inches. Advanced imaging technology has made for a practical solution for mobile presentations, office use, and personal media applications. Pocket Projectors integrate with laptops and smartphones to effectively display sharp picture to a medium size audience or conference room.

Mini Projectors

A manufacturing wave of Mini Projectors has hit the market. Mini Projector technology is becoming more advanced and is slowly changing the way we experience electronic devices. Mini Projectors weigh anywhere from 1.5 lbs to 4.5 lbs, and are a great solution for on-the-go presentations, and personal media enjoyment.

HD Projectors

HD Projectors are now a market standard. Full HD 1080p resolution allows for the true home theater experience. High Definition projectors are more affordable now than ever before and integrate with HDTV

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5.CRT PROJECTORS

The cathode ray tube projector was one of first digital projectors that was put out the market.The cathode ray tubeis a vaccum tube where an electron beem comes into contact with a phosphorescent surface.

The CRT use those tubes to project an image.In the most of the projectors ther were three tubes one red ,one blue,one green.when vidio signal were processed they would project the image giving the projection.

The technology was devoloped in the late 1800’s ,was not utilized until the 1930’s.These tubes were being used to projct image inside of the Televisions.

These projectors are generally used in Fixed installations beacause of there size.CRT’s are typicallynot as bright as the outher technologies,but the refined picture quality of a properly calibrated CRT is tough to beat.

There are two main competing projectors

structures in the market-DLP(Digital Light Processing)and

LCD(Light Crystal Display ).It would be hard to say that

any of this technology is better but you may need to

consider advantage and disadvantage of each before you buy a projector.

There are also the projectors using LEDs as a light

source instead of traditional lamps. Out of these 3

technologies currently used in projectors' market at

home and office, only two can be regarded as highly

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6.

DLP ("Digital Light Processing") technology is developed by Texas Instruments. It has completely different structure compared to LCD: the DLP chip is a reflective surface made up of thousands (or millions) of microscopic mirrors. Each mirror represents a single pixel.

Light from the projector's lamp is goes to the surface of the DLP chip. The mirrors turn on or off so the pixel is on or off. The colors are generated through color wheel. Alse there are DLP projector which use three DLP chips. Each of it represents three colors - red, green and blue. Usually 3 DLP chip technology is used inproffesional or home theater projectors and is much.

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7.working process of DLP

Light falls from light source on optics and

condensing ther it select colour then it from shaping

lence then from DMD and on optics then finally on

projector screen.

8.ADVANTAGE OF DLP

> Filter-free design Sealed projection system. New DLP projectors usually have sealed and filter-free projection system, so you will never need to clean or change air filter nor experience problems related to failed air-filter.

 >Higher contrast

  >Lighter and smaller

 

>Less pixelation

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9.DISADVANTAGE OF DLP

Rainbow effect Color wheels can produce

rainbow effect. Rainbow effect (sometimes referred

to as color separation artifacts) are momentary

flashes of banded color that look like rainbows. They

occur at random, and they only last for an instant.

This problem tend to appear only in slower color

wheel projectors.. Also, rainbow artifacts problem

never appears in 3-DLP chip projectors thanks to it’s

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3 single DLP chips technology.

10. Construction of optical system in LCD projectors us based on an image created using three liquid crystal matrix LCD panels. How it works? Lamp produces a powerful light. Then a series of colorful reflections of light are passed through filters, and lamp creates white and multicolored reflections on the streams of light representing the three primary colors - red, green and blue. Each of these streams is concentrated at one of the liquid crystal panels. Images from individual LCD panels are then passed through the lens. In this way the signal of the video source (PC, DVD, etc.) is displayed on the screen placed in front of the projector.

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11.Working process of LCD

Until recently, LCD projectors can generate an image

with a contrast ratio of 1500:1,. Latest LCD projectors

(home cinema) produce Full HD 1920 x 1080 pixels

resolution as a standard and offers contrast ratios

almost as high as DLP structure projectors

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Pocket projectors earn their name from being small enough to fit in your pants pocket, and weigh above 0.75

lbs. (but rarely over a pound). These projectors are extremely convenient and are ideal for portable use.

However, when compared with the smallest size class, pico projectors, bulk is the real difference as opposed

to weight. Though a bit larger in size than their tiny competition, pocket projectors pack more punch.

Today’s pocket projectors typically offer between 200 and 800 lumens, most have resolutions of WXGA or

lower but in 2014 we saw the first of the 1080p resolution pocket projectors.

Broadly speaking, pocket projectors are under 2 lbs., use a solid state light source (LED or laser), and have a

small physical footprint. Most use DLP technology, a few have laser rather than LED light engines.

- See more at: http://www.projectorreviews.com/projector-categories/pocket-projectors/

#sthash.xDOsaR3Q.dpuf

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12.ADVANTAGE OF LCD>Higher contrast ratio in specific projector models  >Sharper image in specific projector models

 

LCD projector disadvantages

> LCD panel degradation

>Low contrast ratio the design of equipment,

equipping them with high quality optics.

  >High-weight

>Dust blobs Impurities in panels (dust blobs).. LCD structure projector should be cleaned every 300 hours of use.

>Color decay

> Limited lifetime

 

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13.Other disadvantages:  Screen-door effect: it is when the lines between

pixels become visible (and as a result seperate pixels

become visible), and this effect becomes distracting.  Dust issues: Due to dust accumulation contrast

ratio might be reduced up to 50% over time.  Dead pixels: You might heard about it while talking

about LCD monitors. The same issue comes to LCD

projectors. This happen when one pixel becomes

permanently off or on. If it is only a single pixel you might even not notice it.

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14.CONCLUSION:

If you want the best money can buy, a three chip DLP projection is the best you can get. From our experience we tend to think that there are more LCD disadvantages than advantages. But mainly we sell and work with data projectors which usually display static views and in those cases all LCD disadvantages just appear in all of it's glory. Turning into home cinema market it would be harder to tell if LCD structure projectors have more disadvantages or advantages over DLP structure projectors. We recommend reading about both LCD and DLP technologies, trying them (if possible) and only then make decisions.

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REFERENCES:

Notes and references Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China, vol. IV, part 1: Physics and Physical Technology (PDF). pp. 122–124. Mak, Se-yuen; Yip, Din-yan (2001). "Secrets of the Chinese magic mirror replica". Physics Education. 36 (2): 102–107. doi:10.1088/0031-9120/36/2/302.

"Oriental magic mirrors and the Laplacian image" by Michael Berry, Eur. J. Phys. 27 (2006) 109–118, DOI: 10.1088/0143-0807/27/1/012

Yongxiang Lu. A History of Chinese Science and Technology, Volume 3. pp. 308–310.

http://wp.optics.arizona.edu/falco/art-optics/historical-questions/rose/

http://wp.optics.arizona.edu/falco/art-optics/

Fontana, Giovanni (1420). "Bellicorum instrumentorum liber". p. 144.

http://www.theodora.com/encyclopedia/c/camera_obscura.html

http://precinemahistory.net/1400.htm

Drebbel, Cornelis (1608). "brief aan Ysbrandt van Rietwijck" (PDF) (in Dutch).

Whitehouse, David (2004). "The Sun: A Biography".

Kircher, Athanasius (1645). Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae. p. 912.

Rendel, Mats. "about Athanasius Kircher".

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