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Transcript of report on a press
DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING
D.D.S.Sirikumara Individual Project
1 JO/16/ICT5/1/0022
Content
Topic Page
1). About Organization 2
Name
Organization type
Scale of the company
Description
2). Services and Products 3
3). Old Printers 6
4). Printing Technology 7
Offset Printing
Laser Printing
All in one printing
Digital Printing
5). Section of the printing Press 27
Pre-Press Section
C2P (Computer to Plate) Section
Computer to Paper Section
Plate to Paper Section
Finishing Section
6). Customer Handling and Target 32
7). Memories of field visit 33
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Name : Department of Government Printing
Organization type : Government
Scale of the company : Large Scale
Description about Department of Government Printing
Department of Government Printing is the official press and publisher for the
government of Sri Lanka. Since the publication of the very first Gazette in 1802,
the Department of Government Printing has been the official printer and publisher for the
government of Sri Lanka. Having witnessed social, political and technological changes of more
than two hundred years, today the department stands as one of the oldest governmental
organizations in the country.
It is equipped with both machinery and skilled staff to handle almost any kind of printing
requirement. Whether it’s printing Forms for governmental organizations; or doing security
critical print jobs such as printing Stamps or Ballot Papers.
Now it has also taken the next step towards the Information Age and started publishing its content online.
Vision :
"To become the nation's hallmark of excellence in Printing and Publishing"
Mission :
"To provide printing and publishing services with assured quality in time to delight customers
with the help of innovative technology and dedicated staff"
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Department of Government Printing, Services and Products…
The press provide following services and products for the customers,
Gazettes
School Pupil’s Books
Visiting Cards
Other type of Books
News Papers
Examination Papers
Stamps
Ballot Papers
Bills
Calendars
Acts
We can download its digital publications from the “Publications” section of its
web site.
Online ordering
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Gazettes
Gazette is a journal about, what parliament discussed about the country. Department of Government Printing Press print Gazette every Friday. They print thousands of copies very fast, using their Offset Printing Machines.
School Pupil’s Book
It print school pupil’s books for the government school for low cost. Department of Government Printing Press is doing a great service for Sri Lankan Educations.
Examination papers
Examination papers are very secret. So no one inside who print paper is not allowed to go outside within exam duration for any reasons. So it will ensure that exam is conduct well .if exam paper went outside before the exam dates, mostly printing press has to responsible for it.
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Stamps
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......
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Old printers
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Printing Technologies
1). Offset Printing:
Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique in
which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to
the printing surface. When used in
combination with the lithographic process,
which is based on the repulsion
of oil and water, the offset technique
employs a flat image carrier on which the
image to be printed obtains ink from ink
rollers, while the non-printing area attracts a
water-based film(called "fountain solution"),
keeping the non-printing areas ink-free.
A little history
Development of the offset press came in two versions: In 1875 by Robert Barclay
of England for printing on tin, and in 1904 by Ira Washington Rubel of the United States for
printing on paper.
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Before Offset Printing
Every printing process starts with the creative process. Writers, editors, graphic designers and
artists are the initial step in the creation of flyers, magazines, brochures, books and other
print pieces.
After the artwork has been completed, edited and proofread, a digital "printer's file" is ready
to print.
1st step: Pre-press
Before the job can be printed, the document must be converted to plates. The plates are
created from digital file. Each of the primary colours - black, cyan, magenta, and yellow - has
a separate plate.
We are using the best plate material, aluminium instead of paper plates, which are cheaper
but not so good quality.
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2nd step: Press Run
The pre-cut paper
is fed through the press. The image area of
the plate picks up ink from the ink rollers.
The water rollers keep the ink off of the
non-image areas of the plate. Each plate
then transfers its image to a rubber
blanket that in turn transfers the image to
the paper. The plate itself does not
actually touch the paper - thus the term
"offset" lithography. All of this occurs at
an extremely high speed.
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The Inking Process
Ink and water do not mix - this is the underlying principle of offset lithography. The
ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened,
first by water rollers, then ink rollers. The rollers distribute the ink from the ink fountain onto the
plates.
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3rd step: Finishing
When our presses have finished the printing process:
The papers are trimmed to the final size using our guillotines.
The cut papers can be
• left as they are for flyers, leaflets
• folded for folded leaflets
• Bound, stitched and laminated for books and booklets.
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Advantages of offset printing
High quantity runs
Offset printing is typically used for large print volumes with a minimum of 1,000 copies. If
you require large quantities, then offset printing is better option.
Cost-effectiveness in high volume
Offset printing is cost effective for high volume prints. It is budget-friendly when it comes to
large runs as the cost per unit goes down with the increase in the quantity of prints.
Superior image quality with vibrant colors
Offset printing produces consistent image quality with higher resolution. Also, the image
quality is sharp and clean with vibrant colors. You can print on a variety of surfaces including
plastic, cloth, wood and metal using offset printing.
The operator said it could print 20000-25000 copies per hour. Off-set printing
method very fast. So I think it’s very useful for Department of Government
Printing …
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2). Laser Printing
Laser printing is an electronic digital printing process. It produce high quality
text and graphics (and moderate quality photographs) by repeatedly passing a laser beam
back and forth over a negatively charged cylindrical drum to define a differentially charged
image. The drum then selectively collects electrically charged powered ink (TONER), and
transfers the image paper, which is then heated in order to permanently fuse the text and or
imagery. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction /all in one inkjet printers, laser
printers employ a xerographic printer process. However laser printing differs from analog
photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of the medium across the
printer’s photoreceptor. This enables laser printing to copy images more quickly than most
photocopiers.
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Laser printing processes
Cleaning
The cleaning phase cleans up the work from the previous page to prepare the
Drum for printing a new page.
Primary corona
The primary corona then Charges the Drum with a negative charge.
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Laser writing
Then the laser shouts a beam into the into a mirror. Then the mirror reflects it onto
photosensitive drum.
Developing
Toner is applied electrically to the areas on the Drum that were written by the Laser.
Transfer
The Transfer Corona wire applies a positive charge onto Paper that pulls the negative
charged Toner onto the Paper.
Fusing
Finally the fuser heats and the paper rolls into pressure rollers. Which melt the Toner
particles into the Paper.
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Government Printing Press use laser printing technology to print high quality color copies
using HEIDELBERG SPEEDMASTER printing machine. It is easy to use more than other machine
that they have in the company.
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3).All in one printing
Government Printing Press have one printing machine in their company. It could
complete a complete book with binding and printing the book.it only needs a template to
print the book. Workers said it is efficient for if we need less than 250 copies of the book.it
will take more cost if we use offset printing, because if needs to create plate for every page
of the book. But this machine doesn’t need a plate. Just the template…
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4).Digital printing
Digital printing refers to methods of printing a digital-based image directly to a
variety of media at a faster pace and economically.
Leading Manufacturers
Xerox
Cannon
Ricoh
Komori
Kodak
Konica
Samsung
Heidelberg
HP
Kodak
Kyocera
1) Multifunction Printers(MFP)
Office Machine
SOHO
2) Digital Presses
Commercial Machine
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Digital v/s Offset Printing
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Different type of Machines
• speedmaster sm 74
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About the machine
• Production speed up to 15,000 sheets per hour for short throughput times
• Two or four color press with or without wash-up devices attractive range of standard
Features
• Wide range of substrates from lightweight paper to board
• Print press center compact with intelligent start process oriented operator guidance
system for exceptionally user friendly operation
• Highly automated feeder with central suction tape for the widest possible range of
substrates
• Auto plate for fast plate changes and short make ready times
• Compact standard delivery or convenient high pile model
Description
The Speedmaster SM 74 two- and four-color models are the ideal presses for print shops with a professional approach to satisfying growing customer requirements or a desire to grow in a changed market environment. The Speedmaster SM 74 now boasts an extended range of standard features
geared specifically to the needs of these print shops. Combining successful Speedmaster technology with attractive conditions, it offers reliability in production and investment security by delivering high print quality, reliability, and value retention.
The high energy and resource efficiency of the Speedmaster SM 74 make it the most environmentally friendly press in its class. Star System peripherals perfectly coordinated with the press benefit from highly efficient operation and conserve resources.
If you want to more information visit this link:
https://www.heidelberg.com/bnl/en/products/press/sheetfed_offset/speedmaster_sm_74/product_informati
on_5/product_information_2.jsp
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• Heidelberg sordz
Specifications:
Type : Offset press Manufacturer : Heidelberg Model : SORDZ (S-Line) Colors : 2 Paper format max : 64×91,5cm Print format max : 62x89cm Press speed max : 10000 Length : 3630 Width : Height : 2140 Weight : 7280
First year of production : 1971 Last year of production : 1974 Country : Germany
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Film Processor
Function-Scanning& Color Separation
Output-It scans the specimen and produce (+)
ve (-) ve copies of the specimen
Japan made
The machine works under infrared rays
Machine type; C-450-ES8
Polymer Machine
Made in Japan
The negative is exposed
And washed using the polymer machine
But we can’t expose very small fonts
We can separate the parts which we want;
But it is not embossing
Plate machine
Brand-Monarch
The positive was printed to a plate. The plate is
sensitive to light and it chemical constituents
can change.
Plate Washer
The plate is being washed & the places in the
chemical side where he letters are not printed
is being washed off;
The letters remain by passing through a gum
cylinder.
When the gum is not used the details of the
template gets damaged.
They also have another washer for fore color
printing called a print bar which helps to
maintain same color weight for CMYK printing.
Five skip machine
One color
The machine I used to print form types.
It has an upper portion of numbering format
and lower printing machine.
It can only print small paper size
Rotary Machine
Can print both side at once
High speed machine
The paper is printed cut into required size and
gathered
Duplex
One color
The roll cut the papers and gathered
They can only use for 27inch template ad it is
default arranged.
Magazine Coder
The paper is printed cut gathered ad folded
which can be specified in the machine.
The output is numbered.
One color
The rate is 3 output per second
SORD machine
One color machine
Heidelberg
Red button long box
Were each paper is given to the machine by a
sucker
Up-original plate (readable)
Lower original plate is copied into a cylinder
(unreadable)
And it is printed to the paper
Cutting Machine
With a sensor
But can only cut limited amount in a time.
They also have another machine without a
sensor but of bigger capacity.
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COMINATION16
Where he printed papers are gathered folded
and given as output
10000 sections per hour
KRAUSE
Three knife trimmer
Template is given first
Where the 3 sides are cut at a time
Final cut
10books at a time
Schedule for operation for changing sizes.
Where relevant sections are clipped
Letter pressing
Heidelberg offset cylinders
1857
Used to print material kept for long time
Made in early age of printing fore color
Long box
For off-set printing for medical envelope
Die Cutter
Where model of required shape is placed and
cut
Half cut machine
Die Cutter 150 years
Used to form stickers of VISA
Even after cutting it can be used for printing
Gathering Machine
There are compartments where each
compartment and sections of a book and is
gathered. Single paper
Enthrone29
Komori
To print tamp
Controlled fully by electronic touch screen
At a time for color 10000 per hour. Japan made
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Section of the printing Press
1). Pre-Press Section
When customer handover the document that needs to print, they need to handover
the document to pre-per section. They can handover it as a hard copy (written
document fro9m hand or printed document which doesn’t have a soft copy) or a soft
copy.
Pre-Per Section responsible for following tasks …
If client handover a hard copy (whatever printed copy or written by hand) they need
to convert it to soft copy by type setting the document. After that they process the document
using desktop publishing software like Adobe InDesign, CorelDraw or something like that. But
in the Government Printing Press of Sri Lanka said they mostly use licensed Adobe software
to do their works.
If client handover a soft copy they don’t need to type setting it. But they need to process the
document using Desktop publishing software to make sure it is ready to print.
2). C2P (Computer to Plate) Section
In this section they create the plate that need to print. Every document that decided
to print use off-set technology should go through this section.
If we talking about plates, printing plates must have ability to transfer an image to
paper, cardboard or other substrates. Printing plates are usually made from metal, plastic,
rubber, paper and other materials. The images, put on the printing plates with photochemical,
photomechanical or laser engraving processes.
Usually, metal printing plates are more expensive but last longer and have greater accuracy.
The offset printing plates used in offset printing are thin (up to 0.3mm), and easy to mount
on the plate cylinder, and they mostly have a mono-metal (aluminum) or less often multi
metal, plastic or paper construction.
Aluminum has been gaining ground for a long time among the metal based plates over zinc
and steel. The necessary graining of the aluminum surface is done mechanically either by sand
blasting, ball graining or by wet or dry brushing. Now a day’s practically all printing plates are
grained in an electrolytic process (anodizing), that is electrochemical graining with
subsequent oxidation.
The imaging, ink accepting coating (light sensitive coating, thickness around 1µm) is applied
to the base material. This material usually a polymer or copper in the case of multimodal
plates (bi metal plates). Light sensitive, Diazo (photo polymer) pre coated aluminum.
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Paper Plates
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Printing plates are now the predominant plates in shops. The image transfer is produced via
the different properties on the surface of such plates after they have been exposed and
developed. The remains of the original light sensitive coating or light sensitive coating
changed by the effect of light are the ink accepting (oleophilic) elements that create the
image.
Chemical changes occur as a result of the penetration of photo effective (actinic) light (light
converting UV rays) causing the light sensitive coating to react differently depending on its
type and structure. There are two type of photochemical reaction when developing the
printing plate;
Hardening of the light sensitive layer by light (Negative plate making)
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Decomposition of the light sensitive layer by light (Positive plate
making)
With positive plate making and conventional printing plate’s production, a positive film is
used as the original that is the non-translucent, blackened section of the film correspond to
the ink accepting surface elements on the plate.
In the case of negative plate making with “negative plates” a negative film is used as an
original that is the ink accepting image areas of the printing plate correspond to the
translucent, light areas on the film. For quality and monitoring during plate making control
elements are copied onto the plates.
3). Computer to Paper Section
In this section we can print our document directly computer to paper. If we
choose laser printing method this is the section for it.in this section they print paper and send
them to finishing section. But some machines that they have could print whole thing using
only one machine. So it we use that machine we don’t need to send them to finishing section.
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4). Plate to Paper Section
This section is the offset printing section. They use plates that made by
computer to plate section to print the documents. This printing technology is efficient if we
have lot of number of prints to print. If not this technology is not efficient to print the
document and it will be expensive.
5). Finishing Section
In this section they finish the document to make sure it looks like what it is.
They bind the document if it is a book. And they cut unwanted spaces in the printing sheets.
This is the last section of printing.
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Customer Handling
The Department of Government Printing, they don’t take private orders like printing private
books, dairies they only accept government printing works. Every document should hand over
for the organization officially. Anyone can’t get in and ask for printing their private needs.
Every single order of that received by the government will be recorded and they protect
maximum privacy of the document.
Company target
"To become the nation's hallmark of excellence in Printing and Publishing"
and
"To provide printing and publishing services with assured quality in time to delight
customers with the help of innovative technology and dedicated staff"
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Memories of field visit
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Thank you …..
Ruvani miss, Chathuri miss and all teachers,
Department of Government printing all workers,
My Friends & all of help for me…!