REPORT ME LAB.ppt

Canillo, dave g.ESPIRITU, KHAT BIRD G.ESCOBA, John PHILIP V.CABORNAY, HAROLDREPOLIDON, RENERIO

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BSME V-A

Position indicator

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Types of position indicator:

Mechanical position indicator Dial indicator Valve check indicator Gear position indicator

Plan position indicator SONAR (Sound Navigation And Ranging) SODAR (SOnic Detection And Ranging) RADAR (RAdioDetection And Ranging) LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging)

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Mechanical position indicator

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Dial indicator Valve check indicator

Shaft position indicator

Laser indicator

Plan position indicator

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SONAR

SODAR

RADAR

LIDAR

Mechanical position indicator

Dial Indicator It is any of various instruments used to accurately measure small distances and angles, and amplify them to make them more obvious.

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Dial Indicator

• The name comes from the concept of indicating to the user that which their naked eye cannot discern;

• such as the presence, or exact quantity, of some small distance

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Dial Indicator

• for example, a small height difference between two flat surfaces, a slight lack of concentricity between two cylinders, shaftings, or other small physical deviations.

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Dial Indicator• Used to measure:

- The bend or run-out in a shaft

- The misalignment of shafts

- The clearance between two parts and between an engine valve and its guide.

•Must be firmly mounted. A magnetic stand or a stand with a screw clamp is often used.

Causes of Misalignment and Run-out

The basic causes of misalignment and run-out are:• Movement of one piece of equipment relative to

another due to thermal growth in one or both machines

• Piping strain or strain induced by electrical connections

• Torsional movement taking place at start-up or while operating

• Movement or settling of the foundation or baseplate

• Inaccurate or incomplete alignment procedures (human error)

• Misbored couplings

Indications of Misalignment Misalignment in rotating machinery can be

detected in many different ways. Some methods are incorporated into the plant’s preventative maintenance program. Others are inspections that could be used on a regular basis but usually are performed after the equipment has failed. Some of the indications of misalignment are:

• Wobbling shafts• Excessive vibration• Excessive bearing temperature• Noise• Bearing wear pattern• Coupling wear

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Effects of Misalignment or Run-out

• High noise levels or constantly vibrating floors are strong indications of possible misalignment of machinery.

• Lost production• Poor-quality products• Higher than normal repair orders• Increased spare parts purchases and inventory on hand• Reduced profits• Bearings will run hot, causing them to fail prematurely.• Mechanical seals, seal rings, and packing will leak.• Loss of product and lubrication can occur.• Couplings will fail due to excessive strain on the hubs.• In severe cases, shafts can break, causing extensive

damage to machines.

• Probe indicator• Dial test indicator • Plunger indicator• Balance reading dial indicator• Continuous dial indicator• Reversed balanced dial indicator• Reversed continuous dial indicator• Lever dial indicator

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Types of dial indicator

Probe indicator

• typically consist of a graduated dial and needle driven by a clockwork (thus the clock terminology) to record the minor increments,

• with a smaller embedded clock face and needle to record the number of needle rotations on the main dial.

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Dial test indicator

• Also known as a lever arm test indicator or finger indicator, has a smaller measuring range than a standard dial indicator.

• Measure angular displacement and not linear displacement

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Plunger indicator• It is also have a clock-like face

but are characterized by the plungers mounted on one of their sides

• They come in both mechanical and electronic designs

• One common use for plunger dial indicators is to measure the work of injection molding machines

• The mechanism which allows this type of dial indicator to work is a rack and pinion, which changes the linear thrust of the plunger into rotary motion for the dial.

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Balance reading dial indicators• are so named for the way that

information is arranged upon the dial's face.

• Figures are printed upon the face of this dial running in two directions, starting from a zero in the center.

• Often, positive numbers are featured to the right of the zero and negative numbers to the left.

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Continuous dial indicator

• Continuously numbered dial indicators do not have the two sets of numbers featured on balanced reading dial indicators.

• The figures on this type of dial indicators run in one direction without stopping and without any type of a separation.

Reversed balanced dial indicator

• These are named because they have the same basic positive and negative scales to each side of a zero, but the positive numbers are to the left and the negative are to the right.

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Reversed continuous dial indicator

• Reversed continuous, or counter-clockwise, dial indicators are the same as continuous dial indicators except that the numbers run in the opposite direction.

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Lever dial indicator

• Lever type dial indicators are characterized by their lever and scroll mechanisms, which cause the stylus to move.

• This type of dial indicators are more compact and easier to use than plunger-type dial indicators and are therefore quite often used.

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• Has a face or dial marked in divisions of 0.01 mm (1/100 mm)

• Does not take a direct measurement - shows variations from the original zero setting

• These variations are transferred from the spindle to the pointer.

Dial indicator gauge parts and functions:Dial gauge

BezelRotate the bezel to zero the needle.Turn CounterCounts the turns of the needle.

PlungerMoves in and out.

Bezel LockTighten to lock the bezel in place.

MarkersMove these to provide reference points.

PointCan be replaced with other shapes.

Magnetic base

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Indicator Mount Mounts dial and test

indicators.

Fine Adjustment Makes precise

adjustment of arm.

V BaseAllows use on round objects

Clamp • Holds arms

in position

SwitchTurns magnet on and off.

The clamp and indicator mount parts can be disassembled and reassembled in many ways. Use them to create a mount that is appropriate to the job at hand.

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Point Set (PN 1783, included in 1782 set)

The point set provides many different shapes of points that can be put on the dial indicator. Use a point that is appropriate to the job at hand. Use a flat point to measure convex surfaces. Use a rounded point to measure concave surfaces. Use small points to reach into holes.

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Setting up the dial indicator

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Horizontal and Vertical set-up


•Select the correct gauge and attachmentSelect the gauge type, size, attachment and bracket, which fit the part you’re measuring. Mount the dial indicator on a firm surface to keep it still.•Ensure plunger is at 90 degreesAdjust the indicator so that the plunger is at 90 degrees to the part you’re measuring.


• Press the plunger halfway inPress the dial indicator gently against the part, and rotate the part –in this case a brake rotor-- one full turn. Keep pressing until the plunger settles about halfway into the indicator.

• Lock into positionLock the indicator assembly into position.

• Rotate and readCarefully rotate the brake rotor a couple of times, while you observe the dial readings face on.


• Record any movementsIf the pointer hovers around a single graduation on the dial, the part has minimal run out, or surface distortion. If it moves significantly left and right, you should note these variations. Find the point of maximum movement to the left and move the dial so that zero is over this point. Continue to rotate the brake rotor. Find the point of maximum movement to the right, and note the reading. This will indicate the run out value. Continue this rotation several times to confirm the points of maximum variation.

• Check your resultsCheck your readings against the manufacturers specifications. If the deviation is greater than the specifications allow, consult your supervisor.

Reading the dial indicator1.Read the whole

millimeters from the inner scale (only for absolute measurements)

3. Read the hundredths of millimetres (small divisions on outer scale).

2. Read the tenths of millimetres (numbers on outer scale)

Reading the dial indicator

Step1 Read the whole millimetres. The short needle is between the 4 and the 5, so the reading is 4.00 mm.

Step 2 Read the tenths. The long needle is between the 0.20 and the 0.30 mm, so the reading is 0.20 mm. Step 3 The long needle is 6 small divisions past the 2, so the reading is 0.06 mm.

Example

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Reading the dial indicatorStep 4 To get the final measurement - add up the measurements from Steps 1, 2, & 3.Step 1 4.00 mm

Step 2 + 0.20 mm

Step 3 + 0.06 mm

Total = 4.26 mm

4.00 mm 0.20 mm

0.06 mm

LASER ALIGNMENT METHOD

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• The laser alignment method is considered a

precision-based performance technique that provides a faster, more accurate way to align equipment.

• It is ideal for alignment of equipment over long distances, and it is less prone for user error.

• The system contains a laser diode and position sensor on one mounting bracket.


• The opposite bracket contains a prism that redirects the laser beam back to the position sensor. Like other shaft alignment techniques,

• the shafts are rotated to determine the vertical and horizontal readings for angular and parallel misalignment.

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The shaft positions and readings are automatically provided to a small computer. The computer then calculates the relative movement required at the feet of the moveable machine.


• A major advantage of the use of laser alignment is the precise measurement of misalignment.

• Laser alignment can detect misalignment to ±0.00004”. In addition, with the useof laser alignment,bar sag concerns are eliminated.

• However,there are draw backs and limitations to the laser alignment method. Laser alignment equipment typically costs more than $10,000. Service companies or those companies with many pumps or large pumps are the primary buyers of laser alignment equipment.

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• The environment in which the laser alignment equipment is used is also a limitation. The atmospheric temperature must be between 32°and 131° Fahrenheit for the use of laser alignment. The environment must also be free of steam, dust, or air currents.

• These detractors will prevent the reading of the laser beam properly. However, it is possible to use a plastic pipe to shield the beam from the steam, dust, or air currents.

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Thank you!!!“You failed not

because you plan to fail, but because you

fail to plan…”Olrayt!!!

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REPORT ME LAB.ppt

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