Renewable Energy Solution Using building foundations · 2016-06-01 · Advantages of GSHP Systems...
Transcript of Renewable Energy Solution Using building foundations · 2016-06-01 · Advantages of GSHP Systems...
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Renewable Energy Solution Using building foundations
It’s a no brainer! Tony Amis
GI Energy Business Development Director
Dr Fleur Loveridge
Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellow
© Geothermal International
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Outline
• What and Why
• Planning
• Ensuring Good Practice
• Examples
• Long term Monitoring
• Conclusions
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Primary circuit options for GSHP systems
Systems can be combined to give optimal solution
Open Loop System
Closed Loop Systems
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Advantages of GSHP Systems
• Lower operational costs • 4 times more efficient than gas fired boilers
• Reduced CO2 emissions
• Enhances benefits of other renewable solutions
• Reduced plant room requirements • units can provide heat and coolth
• Advantage for BREEAM / LEED buildings
• Attracts Renewable Heat Incentive
• which can offset higher capital cost of installation
• Provides a Stable & Sustainable renewable energy
Tuesday, 24 May 2016 © GI Energy 4
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The Renewable Energy Solution
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GI ENERGY Supply & Management
GSHP’s
Solar PV
Other (process)
CHP
Solar Thermal
Boilers
Chillers
ELECTRICAL POWER
HIGH GRADE HEATING
COOLING
LOW GRADE HEATING
TOP UP & OR BACK UP 10% - 200%+
Waste Heat
Recovery
30
- 4
0%
Re
ne
wab
le E
ne
rgy
Lo
w C
arb
on
So
luti
on
Aim
Long Term System Optimisation Maximising CO2 & Run Cost Savings
Thermal Storage
Free Cooling
Co
nve
nti
on
al
PRE HEATING
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What is an Energy Pile
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www.geoheat.co.uk
Telephone: +44 (0)24 7667 3131
Geothermal Pipes in Typical Pile Detail
Schematic Only
SIZE Authored / Approved DWG NO REV
A3 CD / CD Schematic Only 1
SCALE NTS 10th January 2006 SHEET 1 OF 1
Geothermal loops generally installed full depth of pile to maximise geothermal energy
Reinforcement cage at top of the pile
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S c h e m a tic O n ly
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Energy Piles in the UK Today
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Why Use Energy piles
1. Utilises the proposed new building foundations
2. No additional activity to add on to the critical path
3. No programme implications
4. Better solution than conventional ground loop solutions • Economically
• Provides a better thermal storage device than conventional ground loop enabling greater system out performance in the long term
5. Building protects loops from being damaged by future external works
6. Enables future expansion of property
Tuesday, 24 May 2016 © GI Energy 8
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UK Thermal Pile Standard
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UK Thermal Pile Standard Can be purchased from www.gshp.org.uk/shop.html
Identifies best practices, design, loop installation, laboratory testing, & field testing
Publications Substantiating Use of Energy Piles: 1. The Effects of Heating and Cooling energy piles under working load at Lambeth College UK 2007 2. Energy Pile Test at Lambeth College London: geotechnical and thermodynamic aspects of pile response to heat cycles – Geotechnique 2009 Peter Bourne Webb et al 3. Integrating Thermal Loops into Diaphragm walls of
Knightsbridge Palace Hotel 2009 4. Thermal Conductivity Evaluation of a pile group
using thermal conductivity Tracy Brettman 2011 5. Thermo- Mechanical Behaviour of Energy Piles -
Geotechnique 2012 Binod Almatya et al 6. Energy Pile Performance and Preventing Ground
Freezing – Fleur Loveridge et al 2012
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Geothermal Loops Have Now Been Installed Successfully In All Foundation Types
Small / large diameter bored piles –
Westminster Academy / One New Change
Piles under bentonite or dry bore – Bankside London
CFA piles - Canterbury University/ Belfast Police station/ Crossrail Depot
Driven Cast In-situ piles. North Kent Police Station
Driven Precast Piles – Balmore Glasgow
Diaphragm walls - Bulgari Hotel Knightsbridge / Crossrail Stations
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5th February 2009
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Five Main Challenges
1. Understanding responsibilities
2. Introduction of loops into the pile cage
3. Effect of the piling technique a. Rotary piles
b. Driven cast in situ piles (DCIS)
c. Continuous flight auger pile (CFA)
4. Protection to loops
5. Ensure loop Integrity
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Understanding responsibilities
Contractual relationships : potential limitations
Agreement of scope and responsibility
Importance of coordination
Evaluating critical points (installation and connection levels)
Consider any system redundancy (who is assigned the redundancy) and any fall back plan.
Consider your risk assessment throughout the process
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Piling Technique - Rotary
Cage placed in an empty bore before concreting
Loops can be suspended below the cage
Steel at base is required
Care to be exercised if using a tremmie
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Piling Technique – Driven Cast in Situ
Cage placed in an empty bore
Loops attached through cage onto full length heave steel bar
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5th February 2009
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Fluid Concrete
A Single bar, rigid enough for the depth
Spacers
Use a vibrator if required – no mechanical surging
Piling Technique - CFA
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Protection to loops
Foreign objects internally – block all ends
Protect with foam or steel to prevent mechanical damage from pile trimming
Dialogue with groundworker
Protection from other trades
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Ensure Integrity
Install full of water
Preferably under pressure
Testing involved for acceptance at every stage and handover
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Case Study – One New Change, London
Land Securities & Skanska
trusted partners
• This 3.3MW, £3.4mn system in the City shows GSHPs are becoming mainstream solutions
• The system provides upward of 40% of the building’s energy needs, but meets all the stringent new planning requirements for CO2 reduction
• Completed in 2009
Tuesday, 24 May 2016 © GI Energy 18
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w w w .g e o th e rm a lin t .c o .u k
T e le p h o n e : + 4 4 (0 )2 4 7 6 6 7 3 1 3 1
O n e N e w C h a n g e G e o th e rm a l S y s te m S c h e m a tic
S c h e m a tic O n ly
S IZ E A u th o re d / A p p ro v e d D W G N O R E V
A 3 C D / C D S c h e m a tic O n ly 1
S C A L E N T S 2 2n d
J u n e 2 0 0 7 S H E E T 1 O F 1
D ry C o o le r
1 ,1 1 5 k W C a p a c ity
R e ta il C o n d e n s e r C irc u it
T T a rg e t = 2 0oC , T m a x = 4 0
oC
O ffic e L T H W C irc u it
T F lo w = 5 0oC
O p e n L o o p W e ll P a ir
C F S & P a r tn e rs R e s p o n s ib il ity
1 3 N u m b e r H e a t P u m p s
in N + 1 C o n fig u ra t io n
One New Change - Schematic
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© Geothermal International
One New Change, London
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ONC Energy Pile – Loop Installation
© Geothermal International
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One New Change- Headering Work
© Geothermal International
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Completed Plant Room
Computer driven
according to various
scenarios
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One New Change Performance
Tuesday, 24 May 2016 © GI Energy 24
kWh
100,000 kWh
200,000 kWh
300,000 kWh
400,000 kWh
500,000 kWh
600,000 kWh
Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12
Energy exchanged with RCL
Heating Energy delivered
Cooling Energy Delivered
Electricity consumed by HP
Global annual efficiency of the GSHP system (*) 4.1
Annual CO2 savings (tons) 294
Annual financial savings (£) £62,374
Note: (*) Consumption of Heat pumps only; excludes all the pumps and auxiliary ancillaries. pumps only; excludes all the pumps and auxiliary ancillaries.
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Bulgari Hotel - First Energy Diaphragm Wall Project in UK
• System:
– Diaphragm Wall & Energy Piles®
• Size:
– 150kW Heating
– 150kW Cooling
• Collector type:
– 50 Energy Piles
– 150m Energy D. Wall
• On Site: – Commissioned 2012
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Crossrail Stations London
• System:
– Diaphragm Wall & Energy Piles®
• Size:
– 150kW-300kW Heating
– 150kW-300kW Cooling
• Collector type:
– Energy Piles
– Energy D. Wall
• On Site: – Farringdon Street
– Tottenham Court Road
– Bond street
– Fisher Street
– Paddington
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Old Common Crossrail Depot
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The contract between Transport For London and Bombardier covers the supply & delivery of 65 new 200m long trains in 2017 & maintained for 32 years at Old Oak Common.
Renewable Project of the Year
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GI Renewable Energy Solution - Crossrail Old Oak Common Depot
• GSHP System will provide 1000kWth heating and 600kWth cooling using
• 52no 150m deep boreholes
• 466no 15m deep energy piles under the building
• CHP System will provide 420kWth heating and 290kWe of electrical load
• 200m² Solar Thermal will add a further 140kWth of hot water load
• 1500m² Solar PV will provide a further 220kWe
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Case Study – Old Oak Common Crossrail Depot - Energy Pile Construction
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GI Renewable Energy Solution Highlights - Old Oak Common Depot
Based Upon Electrical, Heating and cooling profiles provided by Atkins
• 54% Heating and cooling will be provided from renewable technology
• 20% of electrical load generated on site from CHP / Solar PV
• 33% Renewable energy solution
Providing Demonstrated Savings Of.....
• Run cost savings £97,000 per annum when compared against conventional equipment
• Renewable Heat Incentive £193,628/ annum
• 530Tonnes of CO2 per annum
• Potential payback on investment < 10 Years
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Through our controls & long term management we will be looking to outperform on current assessed performance..
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22 Station Road Cambridge
• 81 CFA energy piles of 450mm diameter
• 68 CFA energy piles of 600mm diameter
• Pile lengths between 20 m and 25 m
• Gault clay formation with high groundwater table
• Delivering • 280kW Heating
• 330kW cooling
• System Operational spring 2015
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Long Term Energy Pile Monitoring Sites
Dr Fleur Loveridge
Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellow
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Background & Rationale
• Energy piles are the most common energy geo-structure
• Analysis & design method adapted from traditional ground heat exchangers
• Few well documented operational case studies • Build confidence in energy performance
• Allow validation of analysis methods
• Two UK case studies in partnership with GI Energy
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The Crystal, Royal Victoria Dock
• Siemens landmark new all electric building in East London • 160 energy piles (600mm to 1200mm diameter; 21m deep) • 36 closed loop boreholes (137.5 mm diameter; 150m deep) • Monitoring single pile temperature and energy performance
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Building Energy Use
• Predicted demand:
– Heating 307MWh/yr
– Cooling 173 MWh/yr
• Actual usage:
– Heating ~ 550 MWh/yr
– Cooling ~ 550 MWh/yr
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Peak Power Supply
• Predicted demand:
– Nominal 600 kW
• Actual peak usage:
– Heating ~ 399 kW
– Cooling ~ 572 kW
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Variable Thermal Load
• Up to 100 W/m peak transfer to piled foundations
• Peak pile capacity > 300 kW
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22 Station Road, Cambridge
• New office development
• 81 energy piles of 450 mm diameter
• 68 energy piles of 600 mm diameter
• Pile lengths between 20 m and 25 m
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Instrumentation Plan
• Series of 6 no. 600mm dia piles
• Temperature sensors
• Heat meter
• Building energy monitoring
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Concluding Remarks
• Energy Foundations are a great solution
• Importance to capture operational data from energy pile schemes
• Heat pump systems are more complex than traditional HVAC equipment >> require several years to optimise performance
• Complex thermal demands >> use hourly demand in analysis
• Recognition of demand uncertainty >> partnership between designer, constructer & users
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Acknowledgements
• Funding:
• Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (research grant number EP/H049010/1)
• Royal Academy of Engineering
• The Crystal
• Siemens, GI Energy, Balfour Beatty Ground Engineering, Arup, Foundation Developments Limited and IGS
• 22 Station Road
• GI Energy, Mott MacDonald, Central Piling and Wates
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GI Energy UK Headquarters
Contact - Tony Amis
Shillingwood House
Westwood Way
Westwood Business Park
Coventry
West midlands
CV4 8JZ
Mobile: +44 (0)7595 278 428
Phone: +44 (0)2476 850 403
www.gienergy.net
contact
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All contents of this presentation are copyright Geothermal International Limited. Reproduction is forbidden without specific permission of Geothermal International Limited.