Renewable Energy Committee Report

2008

First Report of the committee

On

Non-conventional Energy

To

Power Rural Telephony

Department of Telecommunications

Hybrid Wind/Solar Power for Rural

Telephony

Green Solution to Power Problems

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DOT Committee on Renewable Energy 2008

First Report of the committee

on

Non-conventional Energy To

Power Rural Telephony

November 2008

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl

No

Topic Page No.

1. DOT Committee on Renewable Energy

5

2. Introduction

6

3. Non Conventional Energy-Solar, Wind & Hybrid Systems

7

4. Appropriate Geographical Region

10

5. Observations on typical BTS Power Requirement in Shared

Sites(USOF)

11

6. System specifications & Design

12

7. System Overview

16

8. Operational difficulties

17

9. Cost Effectiveness

19

10 TRAI Recommendations

20

11. Implementation strategy for renewable energy system in

shared mobile infrastructure sites

21

12. Committee Recommendations

24

Annexures

26-66

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INDEX OF ANNEXURES

Sl

No.

Topic Page No.

1 Solar Insolation Diagram of India

26

2 Wind Map of India

27

3 Equipment Load measured at various BTS sites

28

4 Rating Calculations

32

5 Single Line Diagram of existing system

34

6 Technical Specifications

Solar Photovoltaic cell

Battery Bank

Charge control unit

Wind turbine generator

35

7 USOF Past initiatives and relevant rulings

51

8 Calculation of DG Operation Hours for Various Options

55

9 Bar Chart

56

10 Financial Calculations – Capex, Payback Period etc

59

11 Layout diagram of USOF Phase-I site for SPV

66

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DOT COMMITTEE ON RENEWABLE ENERGY

A committee consisting of following officers was constituted

vide DOT reference 32-4/2008-EW dated 11.6.2008 to examine the

use of non-conventional energy power system for rural telephony :

1. Sh. P.K. Panigrahi, Sr. DDG (BW), DOT

2. Smt. Archana Goyal Gulati, Jt. Administrator. (Fin), DOT

3. Sh. U.K. Srivastava, DDG (SAT), TEC

4. Sh. Rajesh Katyal, Unit Chief (C-WET), MNRE, Chennai

Terms of Reference

Feasibility

Appropriate geographical region

System specifications/design

Cost effectiveness

Operational difficulties

Applicability

Pilot projects

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Introduction:

1.1 Telecommunications has been

recognized as one of the prime

support services needed for rapid

growth and modernization of

various sectors of economy.

However, in achieving a wider

spread of such initiatives in rural

India the dismal state of rural

electrification is a major challenge.

There are villages where the grid

has not even reached, and even

electrified villages do not receive

reliable and quality supply. The

poor power quality substantially

increases the capex and opex of

telecom installations and also leads

to unsatisfactory quality of services.

1.2 The problem of poor electricity

supply is experienced at the telecom

service providers installations as

well as at the customers’ premises.

At the telecom installations, the

problem is tackled by using diesel

generators. These generators,

however, entail transportation and

storage of diesel which is a major

problem in rural/remote area,

Extract from THE MINT, 4-07-08

New Delhi: The boom in demand for

telecom services in India is ringing the till in an

unlikely quarter: makers of diesel-powered electricity generators. As phone firms here expand networks, adding record number of customers every month—in March, more than 10 million new connections were sold, equivalent to the population of Paris or Shanghai—they find they can’t buy enough generators to power their cellular towers. The demand for generator sets, called gensets in short, that can juice up the equipment and electronics at cellular base station towers, is estimated by analysts at more than 200,000 last year and is predicted to expand at between 15% and 20% a year in the years ahead. Telecom towers have radio antennas planted on them, which transmit signals for enabling wireless communication between mobile handsets.

This new demand for gensets, expanding at just around 10% until last year, is driven by expansion of telecom infrastructure in rural areas, where constant and consistent electricity supply is a rarity. “The extensive roll-out of telecom towers in rural and interior areas is the main reason, as power availability is either inadequate or non-existent in these areas,” said Ajay Madan, chief executive (telecom), Essar Telecom Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd (ETIPL). “In 2006, about 55,000 towers were set up and in 2007, the number doubled to 100,000.” In fiscal 2009, as market leaders such as Bharti Airtel Ltd and Reliance Communications Ltd (RCom), vie for new customers, their network expansions are leading them to India’s small towns and villages. Already for Bharti Airtel, India’s No. 1 mobile phone services firm, one in three new customers is from what it calls rural areas.“We are adding almost 3,000 towers every month,” said Manoj Kohli, joint managing director�of� Bharti�Airtel, recently. “That is, 100 a day.” Most of these towers, as also most among the more than 60,000 towers that Indian phone firms and tower firms such as GTL Infrastructure Ltd and ETIPL will set up this financial year, are going to be in rural places.

With around 150,000 telecom towers currently standing in the country, and another 200,000 to be added over the next three-four years, the demand for ancillaries that go with each tower, which include gensets for back-up electric supply, air conditioners and equipment for tower shelter, is seeing significant growth. For instance, GTL, which plans to have almost 25,000 towers by 2011, up from around 4,000 currently, says it will invest 70% of the planned $2 billion (around Rs8,300 crorse) capital outlay in procuring ancillary products such as portable generators and air conditioners. “We already have around 2,800 generators, and by April this year, we plan to procure another 2,100,” Prakash Ranjalkar, chief operating officer (COO) of GTL, had said in a February interview.

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besides the problem of noise pollution emanating from the

generators. At customers’ premises the electricity supply problem is

partially mitigated by using battery inverters or dc-dc converters.

The battery however remains only partially charged if the electric

supply is too unreliable.

1.3 Decentralised distributed generation technologies based on

renewable energy resources such as solar photo voltaic (SPV)/ Wind

Turbine Generators (WTG) address the above barriers to a large

extent and are therefore considered as emerging alternate power

solutions to power telecommunications net-works.

2. Non-Conventional Energy:

2.1 Solar Energy

2.1.1 In India the annual global solar radiation is about 5 KWh/ sq

m per day with about 2300-3200 sun-shine hours per year. Solar

radiations represent the earth’s most abundant energy source. The

perennial source of solar energy provides unlimited supply, has no

negative impact on the environment. The solar photovoltaic (PV)

modules convert solar radiation from the sun into electrical energy

in the form of direct current (DC). Converting solar energy into

electricity is the answer to the mounting power problems in the

rural areas. Its suitability for decentralized applications and its

environment-friendly nature make it an attractive option to

supplement the energy supply from other sources. 1 KWp of SPV

generates 3.5-4.5 units (KWhr) per day.

2.1.2 If we could install Solar Photovoltaic Cells much of the rural

exchange power needs could be met, adequately cutting down

harmful greenhouse gases.

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2.2 Wind Energy

Wind energy is another viable option. The Wind Turbine

Generator is designed for optimal operation at wind speed of 10-14

m/s. The Turbine Generator starts at a cut-in speed of 3-3.5 m/s

and generates power at speeds 4.5 m/s and above. In India the

best wind speed is available during monsoon from May to

September and low wind speed during November to March. The

annual national average wind speed considered is 5-6 m/s.

Wherever average wind speed of 4.5 m/s. and above is available it

is also an attractive option to supplement the energy supply. Wind

generators can even be installed on telecom tower at a height of

15-20 mt. with suitable modification in tower design, taking into

account tower strength and EMI & EMC.

1 KW WTG generates around 3 units (KWhr) per day.

2.3 Solar-Wind Hybrid Power System

2.3.1 Hybrid Wind-Solar System for the rural exchanges can make

an ideal alternative in areas where wind velocity of 5-6 m/s is

available. Solar-wind power generations are clear and non-polluting.

Also they complement each other. During the period of bright sun-

light the solar energy is utilized for charging the batteries, creating

enough energy reserve to be drawn during night, while the wind

turbine produce most of the energy during monsoon when solar-

power generation is minimum. Thus the hybrid combination uses

the best of both means and can provide quality, stable power

supply for sustainable development in rural areas.

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2.3.2 These systems are specifically designed to draw 48 volts DC

power output from the solar cells/ wind turbines and combine them

to charge the storage batteries. The system does require availability

of diesel generator, though for much reduced number of hour’s

operation. It is also designed to give priority to solar and wind

power so that operations of generators can be minimized to the

extent possible.

3. Advantages of Renewable Energy Systems

• Provides un-interrupted power supply to the equipment

• Provide clean, green, reliable, pollution free, low

emission and distributed technology power

• Saves from high-running cost of generator and

increasing diesel cost

• The system gives quality power out-put of 48 volt DC to

charge directly the storage battery or provide direct power

to telecom installations.

• The system can be designed for both off-grid and on-

grid applications.

• Efficient and easy installation, longer life

• Low gestation period

• Low operating cost

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4. Appropriate geographical region:

4.1 Solar:

In India the annual average solar radiation of 5 KW h/sq m

per day with about 2300-3200 sunshine hours per year is available

in most parts of the country except some pockets in north-east. As

such solar power (SPV) decentralized system can be considered for

the telecommunication network in rural areas in most parts of the

country. (Annexure-1)

4.2 Wind:

4.2.1 The southern and western coastal areas are the ideal location

for wind generators. For the telecommunication network in rural

areas in states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra

and parts of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh where the

annual average wind speed of 5-6 m/s is available, installation of

hybrid solar-wind power system can be an attractive option to

supplement the energy supply. (Annex - 2)

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5. Typical Power requirement for a BTS

5.1. The BTS that are being installed under USFO support will

initially have 2+2+2 configuration with a provision to add extra TRX

at a later date. Typical average power consumption as indicated by

the manufacturers is as under:

Sr. No. Type of BTS (Configuration)

Typical average Consumption

1. 2 + 2 + 2

1.3 KW

2. 4 + 4 + 4

2.0 KW

3. 6 + 6 + 6

3.5 KW

5.2. Government is giving subsidies for the rural telephony from the

USO Fund to support both passive (Land, tower, power back up)

and active (BTS, Antenna) infrastructure. The Committee

visited few shared BTS USO sites phase I in order to assess the

power requirement and arrangement of sharing of power.

Observations of site visits:

o Land size = 400 sq m

o Each of the service provider given three phase AC

supply but are using only single phase supply with

single phase SMPS.

o Battery provided 2x200 AH or 1x430 AH

o Unbalanced load in three phases

o The total DC power drawn for the 3 service providers at

a shared BTS site is 2.02 KW. [CDMA (Reliance) – 18 A

(0.92 KW), GSM (Idea) – 9.1 A (0.5 KW) and GSM

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(Voda phone) – 12.8 A (0.6 KW)]. Details as at

Annexure - 3

o The Engine is operating at 10% load for 24x7 days

where grid supply is not available

6. System specifications/design:

6.1 At present the service providers at a shared BTS site use a

common grid connection and DG set provided by the infrastructure

provider. The power plant and batteries are individually installed by

the service providers. (Annexure-5). The use of renewable energy

systems i.e. SPV and WTG can be efficiently utilized, if they are also

provided centrally like the DG set. This will reduce the overall

system cost and requirement of the BTS site area. The renewable

energy power system proposed assumes centralized arrangement

for power plant and batteries.

6.2 For powering three BTS at one location, a single solar power

(SPV) system would be much more economical as compared to

three separate systems. The system has been designed considering

the power requirement of 2 KW at present and 6 KW in near future

for a shared rural BTS sites (3 service providers) with 1+1 day

autonomy (Annexure 4 & 8). The requirement of solar power (SPV)

is as given under :-

Switch DC

load

Solar panel (SPV)

for Stand alone

system

Solar panel

(SPV) with 2-7

hrs. DG set operation

2 KW 17 KWp 8.5 KWp

3 KW 25 KWp 12 KWp

4 KW 34 KWp 17 KWp

6 KW 50 KWp 25 KWp

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6.3 The space requirement of Solar PV is 12-13 sq m/ KWp. The

space requirement for accommodating 17 KWp SPV and 25 KWp

SPV is approximately 220 sq mt & 320 sq mt respectively.

• For 2 KW load 17 KWp SPV will work as a stand alone system

with no DG operation required.

• For 4 KW load, the same 17 KWp solar system will work in

hybrid combination with DG set, 4 hrs. operation in a day.

• For 6 KW load, the solar panel needs to be augmented to 25

KWp to work in hybrid combination with DG set, 7 hrs.

operation in a day.

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6.4 For the rural areas, the following Solar & solar-generator/wind

hybrid non-conventional energy options have been considered:-

SPV WTG Battery DG Operation CAPEX (Rs.Lakhs)

Option I [Solar-Generator Hybrid system]

17 KW - 2500 AH 45

For 2KW load: No DG operation*

For 4KW load: 4 hours/ day (20/15 KVA)

For 6KW load: 7 hours/ day (20 KVA)

Option II [Solar-Wind-Generator Hybrid system]

13 KW 4-5 KW 2500 AH 37

For 2KW load: No DG operation*



Option III [Solar-Wind-Generator Hybrid system]

17 KW 2x 4-5 KW 2500 AH 51


* “No DG operation” means that the DG shall be used once in 2-3 weeks for topping up the battery charge only.

6.5 These systems are specifically designed to draw 48 volt DC

power output from the solar cells / wind turbines and combine them

to charge the storage battery in tandem or provide direct power to

the telecom equipment. Wherever grid supply is not available, 2-7

hours DG set operation per day is considered to maintain healthy

battery condition and reduction in SPV/WTG system capacity.

However, in case of no Sun/wind days, DG set may have to operate

for longer hours.

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6.6 The system design / specification for solar (SPV) system and

hybrid solar-wind is at Annexure – 4 &5 respectively.

7. Shared BTS rural sites

7.1 In a typical USOF Phase-I shared rural BTS site of 20 x 20 mtr,

having a tower, 15 KVA DG set & 3 BTS shelters only 160 sq mtr

clear space is available (layout at Annexure-11). The electric load

of a shared BTS site at present is 2 KW and is likely to increase

ultimately to 6 KW for which, the 17 /25 KWp SPV required can not

be accommodated. For the USOF Phase-I sites where only 160 sq

mtr space is available, only 10 KWp SPV can be accommodated.

Considering the space constraints in the USOF Phase-I sites in rural

areas, the following Solar & solar-generator/wind hybrid non-

conventional energy options have been considered:-

SPV WTG Battery DG Operation CAPEX(Rs.Lakhs)

Option I [Solar-Generator Hybrid system]

10 KW - 2500 AH 26




Option II [Solar-Wind-Generator Hybrid system]

10 KW 4-5 KW 2500 AH 29

For 2KW load: 1 hour/ day (20/15 KVA)



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7.2 In future USOF shared rural BTS sites, if the plot area is

increased to 20x25 mtr , 17 KWp SPV can be accommodated so that

DG operation can be reduced by 4 hrs daily.

8. System overview:

8.1 System configuration

The proposed system uses centralized power plant, battery bank,

SPV and WTG (where feasible). All these are centrally controlled by

a Charge Control Unit(CCU) for optimal powering of systems and

charging of the battery bank. The CCU ensures smooth operation of

the overall powering arrangement without any manual intervention.

Its design will ensure optimal energy transfer from the SPV system

using MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technique and

automatic switching on/off of DG set on the basis of battery charge

condition. The schematic for this system is placed at Annexure-6.

8.2 Battery

The battery bank has been sized to ensure full utilization of

the renewable energy power generated at the site. As mentioned

earlier, the charging of the battery will take place by automatic

control of DG set operation so as to ensure that the battery is not

unduly discharged.

The poor availability of grid power in the rural areas leaves

the battery bank in partial state of charge. This reduces the life of

battery considerably. One option to circumvent this problem is to

use flooded batteries. However maintenance and space

requirements of such batteries prohibit their use. Another option is

to use Tubular GEL VRLA batteries as they provide better

performance under the partial state of charge.

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Additional advantages of Tubular GEL VRLA battery over VRLA AGM

(flat plate):-

• Better thermal management because of more electrolyte

• Cyclic life is 30% to 40% higher than AGM batteries. (2100

cycles in Tubular GEL as compared to 1400 cycles in AGM)

• Self discharge is lower than AGM batteries and can be stored

upto one year against 6 months as in AGM • Better performance at high temperature

• Slow rate of discharge performance suits rural applications.

Therefore Tubular GEL VRLA batteries are recommended for this

application.

9. Operational Difficulties:

9.1 There is no operational difficulty as such in a solar (SPV) system

and hybrid solar wind system. Only the solar panels need to be

cleaned with water at regular intervals. In case of a Wind Turbine

Generator, the power generation depends on the wind velocity.

Thus restricted to locations where the annual average wind velocity

is 4.5 m/s or higher. For the wind mills annual preventive

maintenance is required for optimal efficiency.

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9.2 Charge control unit (CCU)

The system is centrally controlled by Charge control unit (CCU) in which requires no manual intervention.

Typical pictorial representation is as under:

Diesel Generator

Battery

Wind Turbine

Solar

PV

Master Controller

Remote Monitoring thru internet

Output Power

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10. Cost effectiveness:

10.1 The CAPEX of the solar / hybrid solar-wind systems ranging

from 10KW to 17KW comes to around 26-51 lakhs after considering

the 80 percent accelerated depreciation benefit given by the

Government of India(owing to which there will be reduction of about

25% in capital cost).

10.2 The generator usage varies with the load as discussed in the

preceding paragraphs.

10.3 The proposed solar/hybrid solar-wind systems give 48 volt DC

power output to charge the storage battery and provide direct DC

power to the telecom equipment. Hence the individual SMPS,

battery charger, battery banks provided by the service providers at

present under active infrastructure component in USOF schemes are

not required. Apart from that there will be cost savings on account

of nil/lesser hours of DG Set operation.

10.4 The cost comparison on running the equipment entirely on DG

set 24x7 for 365 days (case of an off grid site) and the different

combinations of solar/wind-solar system with various loads is placed

at Annex.-10. The systems are cost effective from first year

itself/within the initial few years.

10.5 Considering the annual saving of fuel, the pay back period for

various systems ranges from around 4-9 years (Annex.- 10)

depending upon the capacity of the SPV/hybrid installation and the

load.

10.6 Given the heavy initial CAPEX and long pay back periods there

is therefore a case for subsidy support.

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11. TRAI Recommendations

Telecom Regulatory Authority India in its recommendations

on infrastructure sharing para 5.3.3.1 recommended as under:-

(i) Department of Non-Conventional Energy Resources may be

approached by DoT to evolve a pro-active policy framework to

encourage use of environment friendly non-conventional

energy sources. Some of the specific measures in this regard

are given below:-

a) To device a policy to promote the use of solar power and

alternative fuel specifically for Telecom sector.

b) To provide Telecom specific Advisories on available

equipments, costs, sources for procurement etc. to

service providers.

c) To maximize subsidies for Telecom operators

considering potential of high use of such devices in

telecom sector.

d) To examine possibilities of use of other non-

conventional environment friendly energy sources.

ii) DOT may evolve a scheme of subsidy per site to service

providers and incentives for using non-conventional

energy sources.

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12. Implementation strategy for renewable energy system

in shared mobile infrastructure sites.

12.1 The USOF has taken few initiatives in the past regarding

introduction of renewable energy. The details of such initiatives,

rulings etc as provided by Jt. Administrator(F), USOF, are placed at

Annexure-7.

12.2 The committee has been apprised that IPs and USPs have

been repeatedly approaching USOF and MNRE for subsidy support

for installation of renewable energy systems to power telecom sites

in rural and remote parts of the country.

12.3 USOF support for use of renewable energy can be given in

two possible ways:

12.3.1 Pilot Projects: The committee recommends that a few

USOF Phase-I sites may be selected to demonstrate and evaluate

the efficacy and cost effectiveness of various renewable energy

options. Appropriate combinations of solar and wind energy

equipment would be installed at suitable sites as per approved

specifications. The funding mechanism may be finalized by

incorporating cost sharing by MNRE, USOF, and TSP.

12.3.2 The committee notes that BSNL is the IP in bulk of the USOF

phase-I sites (78%), therefore its sites would offer the required

diversity of geographical locations. The committee recommends

that BSNL sites may be selected for carrying out the pilot projects.

The geographical location of the site may be so chosen as to ensure

proper utilization of SPV & WTG systems. The pilot projects shall be

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jointly monitored by TEC, Electrical wing of DOT, USOF, and MNRE.

The data from the pilots would help in fine-tuning technical

specifications leading to development of Generic Requirements (GR)

by TEC, and working out subsidy model for hybrid power solutions

for telecom installations.

12.3.3 Shared Mobile Infrastructure Sites: USOF may evolve a

separate subsidy component for various hybrid energy solutions in

sites coming up in future mobile infrastructure schemes. Given the

fact that about 11000 odd shared mobile sites are slated to come

up in villages that are even more remote and small as compared to

the location of USOF’s Mobile Infrastructure Phase I sites, it may be

prudent to presume that the availability of power would be an even

greater constraint for these new sites. It is envisaged that the

subsidy would be offered as an incentive to use renewable energy

instead of a second DG set in an off grid site or even to cut down on

hours of operation of the DG set. It is expected that this would

make the USOF sites less dependant on the relatively costly and

polluting option of using diesel in locations where grid power supply

in unavailable/erratic/insufficient.

12.3.4 A system may be considered whereby in Phase II, the IPs

and USPs concerned would make a joint decision within few months

of signing of the agreement (coinciding with site finalization) as to

whether or not to opt for renewable energy usage for a particular

site and which hybrid model they wish to install. Upon exercising

this option, they would then be eligible for an additional subsidy

based on the particular hybrid model they choose. The detailed

subsidy model and calculations would be worked out by USOF,

taking into consideration capital recovery as well as savings on

account of fuel and re-locatable infrastructural components (for Part

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B TSPs). It is suggested that subsidy be disbursed only upon

successful commissioning of the system and after due verification.

Apart from saving the operators the huge cost of supply and

consumption of diesel in remote locations, switching to renewable

energy would provide for sustained rural telecom services to target

beneficiaries in a cost effective manner while also cutting down on

harmful carbon emissions.

12.3.5 The above mentioned USOF support for use of renewable

energy by way of pilot projects and future USOF mobile

infrastructure sites, would serve to encourage greater utilization of

solar-wind hybrids and demonstrate their cost effectiveness in the

long run. It is felt that these initiatives under the aegis of DOT

through USOF, carried out in coordination with MNRE, would have a

significant impact on the rural telecom scenario and the use of clean

energy in telecommunications would receive a much needed fillip.

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13. Recommendations:

I. The non-conventional energy-solar /solar-wind hybrid

power system is found to be technically feasible and cost

effective in long run. Its environment-friendly nature

make it an attractive option to supplement the energy

supply in rural areas. DOT to make a policy to promote

the use of environment-friendly solar / solar-wind

hybrid non-conventional energy power system for

telecom network in rural and remote areas.

II. The present arrangement of individual installation of power

plant and battery by service providers will have to be

changed to centralized DC power arrangement by the

infrastructure provider to ensure optimal use of the BTS

site area for installation of SPV and WTG systems. Further,

augmentation of the BTS plot size from the present

400 sq mtr to 500 sq mtr may be considered for

facilitation of SPV system of 17 KWp which will result

in reduction of DG set operation, atleast by 4 hrs daily.

III. To prove the technical and financial viabilities for solar /

solar-wind hybrid renewable energy systems for rural and

remote telecom sites, DOT should fund, through USOF,

pilot projects in USOF shared infrastructure sites.

The projects shall be undertaken in coordination with MNRE

who would provide technical and financial support as well.

a) 1 project of Solar (SPV) power system in each state

except north-east region.

b) 2 projects of solar-wind hybrid system in 4 states –

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka and 1

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each in Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

where the annual average wind speed is 5-6 m/s or

higher.

IV. The initial capital cost being high, there is a hesitation to

go in for renewable energy power option. DOT to

encourage the telecom service providers by giving

separate subsidies / incentives for using non-

conventional energy sources in rural and remote

areas. The service providers can have the additional

benefit of carbon credit as well.

V. To further encourage the wide spread adoption of

renewable energy in telecom installations in rural and

remote areas, appropriate subsidy scheme should be

made available to all telecom operators going in for

renewable energy installations in USOF’s future

mobile infrastructure schemes.

Unit Chief (C-WET) DDG (SAT) Jt. Admntr. (Fin)

MNRE, Chennai TEC DOT

Sr. DDG (BW)

DOT

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ANNEXURE 1

Solar Insolation diagram of India

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ANNEXURE 2

Wind Map Of India

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ANNEXURE 3

Equipment load measured at various sites

USO Site Phase-I (Kerala)

Shared BTS - Vasod

Reliance Idea Voda

Phone

Type of Equipment CDMA GSM GSM

Grid Available Available Available

Supply (KW) R – 0.78 R – 0.61 R – 0.64 R– .12

Y – 1.33 Y – 0.62 Y – 0.00 Y – 0.5

B – 0.12 B – 0.00 B – 0.16 B– 0.0

Total (KW) 2.23 1.23 0.8 0.62

Engine 20 KVA

Capacity R – R – R – R –

Y – Y – Y – Y –

B – B – B – B – Total

Battery 2x200 Amp 430 Amp 420

Amp

(1 ph) (1 ph) (1 ph)

SMPS 2x60 Amp 2x50 Amp 2x40 Amp

DC Out Put (18Ax48V) 9.1Ax48V 12.8Ax48V

Total (KVA) 2.02 0.92 0.5 0.6

Land Size 20x20 mt.

Remarks:

1. Unbalanced load in 3 phases

2. Single battery in GSM equipment 3. GSM – Energy efficient

4. AC-DC conversion efficiency low

5. Engine shall operate at 10% load. Efficiency (25-30%)

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USO Site Phase-I (Kerala)

Shared BTS - Nalumuku

Reliance Idea Vodafone Type of Equipment CDMA GSM GSM

Grid Not Available Not Available Not Available Supply

R – R – R – R –

Y – Y – Y – Y – B – B – B – B –

Total

Engine Capacity 20 KVA

R – 1.5 KW R – 2.5 Amp R – 1.5 Amp R–1.5Amp Y – 0.2 KW Y – Y – Y –

B – 0.6 KW B – B – 0.06 A B – 0.07 A

Total (KW) 2.3 1 0.6 0.6

Battery 2x200 Amp 430 Amp 420 Amp

SMPS 2x60 Amp 2x50 Amp 2x40 Amp

(1 ph) (1 ph) (1 ph)

DC Out Put (19Ax48V) 9.4Ax48V 10Ax48V

0.91 (0.45) (0.48)

Total (KVA): 2 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.5 ≈ 0.5

Land size : 20x20 mt

Remarks:

1. Unbalanced load on generator

2. Engine operating at 10% load. Efficiency 25-30%

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USO Site Phase-I ( Karnataka)

Shared BTS - Hunsenahawli

Reliance Voda phone BSNL

Type of Equipment CDMA GSM GSM

Grid Not Available Not Available Not Available

Supply

R – R – R – R – Y – Y – Y – Y –

B – B – B – B – Total KW -

Engine

Capacity 20 KVA (Working) R – 9A R – R – R –

Y – 0 Y – Y – Y –

B – 0 B – B – B – Total (KW) 2.07

Battery 2x200 AH 1x430 AH 2x400 AH

(48 V) (48 V) (48 V)

Single Single

SMPS 3x50 A 2x60 A 2x50 A

(1 ph) (1 ph) (3 ph) Using single ph

DC Out Put 12.4 Ax48 V

Total (KVA): 0.6

Land Size : 25x16 mt.

Remarks:

1. Unbalanced load on generator 2. Engine operating at 10% load. Efficiency 25-30%

3. BSNL installed 3 ph SMPS using single ph.

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BTS Site – Soldha (Bahadurgarh, Haryana)

Type of equipment GSM (Voda Phone)

3+3+3 72 lines (1TRX – 8 lines)

Grid Supply Single phase (30 Units per day)

= 30 KWH or 1.2 KW

Generator 15 KVA Single phase (not operated during the

year)

Solar 1.5 KW (12.5 sq. mt.)

Battery 2x300 AH

DC load 25A x 48V = 1.2 KVA

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ANNEXURE 4

Rating Calculations

I. Load Power Quantity Total

Power

Duration Energy

Watt No. Watt Hour Watt-

Hour

Amp. Hr

(48 Volt)

1 Exchange

equipment

2000 1 2000 24 48000 1000.00

2 CFL 11 1 11 2 22 0.46

3 Aviation

light

100 1 100 12 1200 25.00

4 Compound

light

40 2 80 12 960 20.00

2191 50182 1045

One module :12 v so a string of 4 modules required to produce 48 v

A 125 Wp module can generate 40AH (8A x 5Hrs) of energy

Battery requirement= AH/.85x.95x.95 = 1363 AH

(85%battery efficiency, 95% CCU, 5% dust etc)

Total no. of strings of 125 Wp modules required 34

Total Capacity of SPV = 34x4x125W = 17000 W i.e 17 KW

Battery reqd (Considering 1+1 days autonomy) 2500 AH

SPV calculations- BTS Sites

II. Load Power Quantity Total

Power

Duration Energy


Hour

Amp. Hr

(48 Volt)

1 Exchange

equipment

3000 1 3000 24 72000 1500.00

2 CFL 11 1 11 2 22 0.46

3 Aviation

light

100 1 100 12 1200 25.00

4 Compound

light

40 2 80 12 960 20.00

3191 74182 1545




Total Capacity of SPV = 50x4x125W = 25000 W


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III. Load Power Quantity Total

Power

Duration Energy


Hour

Amp. Hr

(48 Volt)

1 Exchange

equipment

4000 1 4000 24 96000 2000.00

2 CFL 11 1 11 2 22 0.46

3 Aviation

light

100 1 100 12 1200 25.00

4 Compound

light

40 2 80 12 960 20.00

4191 98182 2045






IV. Load Power Quantity Total

Power

Duration Energy


Hour

Amp. Hr

(48 Volt)

1 Exchange

equipment

6000 1 6000 24 144000 3000.00

2 CFL 11 1 11 2 22 0.46

3 Aviation

light

100 1 100 12 1200 25.00

4 Compound

light

40 2 80 12 960 20.00

6191 146182 3045






The above ratings are calculated for stand alone system i.e for sites where

there is no grid supply and solar system is working alone

However capacity of SPV can be reduced to half if DG set is operated for about 2-7 hrs a day

other components shall remain the same

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ANNEXURE 5

Single Line Diagram of Existing System

Grid

Gen

3-Ø

20 KVA, 3-Ø

Service Provider 1

48 V DC bus

LT panel- Surge arrestors

SMPS BTS equipment

Battery bank

48 V DC bus


SMPS BTS equipment

Battery bank

48 V DC bus


SMPS BTS equipment

Battery

bank

Service Provider 2

Service Provider 3

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ANNEXURE 6

Technical Specifications

Introduction This document specifies the technical requirements for powering arrangement for shared BTS sites in rural areas of the country. It is envisaged to employ renewable energy sources i.e. Solar Power and Wind Power in the powering scheme, depending upon the availability of power source. In effect, the powering system shall comprise of solar power, wind power (where feasible), grid supply, and diesel generators of suitable capacities. A typical schematic for the powering arrangement is shown in the fig. 1 below:

* Rectifier can be outside CCU module

Fig. - Schematic for powering arrangement at shared rural BTS sites.

Grid

Gen

3-Ø

15 KVA, 1-Ø

Battery

bank

48 V DC Automatic

Phase selector

SPV

DC bus

Rectifier*

WTG

SPV charge controller

WTG charge controller

CCU

Service Provider 1

Service Provider 2

Service Provider 3

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The detailed specifications for each building block of this scheme is as under:

Detailed Technical Specifications

1. Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) Module

1.1 Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) module array to be of high efficiency made of crystalline silicon solar PV cells. The cells are hermetically sealed under toughened high transmission glass to produce highly reliable weather resistant modules.

1.2 Power output guarantee offered for the SPV module shall not be for less than 15 years in any of the climatic condition prevailing in India. For minimum stipulated life, the derating factor of 0.5% per year of SPV system/module rated power is permissible. The SPV module/system shall deliver at least 92.5% of its rated power in 15th year also.

1.3 Individual Solar module rating shall not be less than 125 Wp at STC (Higher ratings can be used) and shall meet following minimum requirement :

Efficiency of cell ηc ≥ 14%

Efficiency of module ηm ≥ 13%

Fill factor shall be better than 70%.

1.4 The SPV modules shall be soaked for at least for a week in natural sunlight before offering for tests or supply in accordance with the Instructions issued by the ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources to Test Centres vide letter No. 29(2)/Testing-97/PVTF dated 13.12.98. A sample check of 1% of the total modules offered will be carried out by QA wing of the respective Telecom operator.

In addition to the requirement of above, the SPV modules shall also satisfy the following environmental test conditions:

S. No. Tests Test Condition Reference/Specification

i. Dry heat +85° C 16 hours IEC-68-2-2 Test Bb

ii. Cold -40° C 16 hours IEC-68-2-1 Test Ab

iii. Rapid Change of Temperature

-40° C to 80° C 10 cycles

IEC-68-2-14

iv. Composite Temperature Humidity Cyclic Test

25° C to -10° C

25° C to 65° C 95% RH 10 cycles

IEC-68-2-38

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v. Rain 2 Hours IS 9000 (PART 16)

vi. Heavy dust/sand storm

- Clause 16.0 of QM- 333

vii. Wind speed 200Kms/hour - viii. Hail Storm Hails of 25mm dia

size at 23m/Sec velocity shall not cause physical damage to any part of the solar array or associated structures.

-

ix. Bending & twisting module shall withstand a displacement at one corner by 20 mm/metre measured along with the shortest edge without open or short circuit within the module or suffer low resistance between terminals to frame.

x. Insulation test for module

As per IEC : 61215 IEC : 61215

xi. Hot-spot endurance test

As per IEC : 61215 IEC : 61215

xii. Robustness of termination test

As per IEC : 61215

IEC : 61215

xiii. Wet leakage current test

As per IEC : 61215

IEC : 61215

xiv. Bypass diode thermal test

As per IEC : 61215

IEC : 61215

1.5 Insolation- Main insolation at any panel kept at optimum tilt at place where the

solar panel is to be used shall be 4.5 Kw hour per m2 per day.

1.6 I-V curve peak (maximum) power output: The SPV module shall deliver minimum 12.5 watt at maximum power point of I-V curve at standard condition of 100 mw/cm2 solar intensity at 25 degree C. I-V curve of each PV module with Sl. Nos. shall be submitted along with following details:

• Maximum Power, Pmax

• Open Circuit Voltage, Voc

• Short Circuit Current, Isc

• Voltage at maximum power, Vmp

• Current at maximum power, Imp

• Efficiency of cell ηc

• Efficiency of module ηm

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1.7 Solar PV module shall conform to following mechanical requirement

• Toughened high transitivity front glass

• Anodized Aluminum frame

• Ethyl Vinyl Acetate (EVA) encapsulated

• Tedlar/Polyester trilaminate back surface

• ABS plastic terminal box for the module output termination with gasket to prevent moisture

• Resistant to water, abrasion, hail impact, humidity & other environmental effects for worst situation at site. Solar PV module shall have proven performance track record in Indian Climatic conditions

• Permissible cell area per watt is between 60 cm2 and 100 cm2. All the cells in the module shall be identical of regular shape. Considering the application and geographical location of India, the number of cells in the series in a module shall be 36.

• Short circuit current shall not be more than 110 percent of Imp.

• Voltage at peak power point: 17.0 V (min).

• Voltage derating not more than 0.5% per degree C above 25 degree C cell temperature.

• The SPV modules being used for Telecom supply, need to be characterized at NPL (National Physical Laboratory) or any other recognised test laboratory for each type of cells used and manufacturer will give the spread in of silicon cells which are used.

1.8 Module Mounting Structure

1.8.1 Structure shall be designed for simple mechanical and electrical installation on roof top or On the ground at an angle of tilt with horizontal, in accordance with the latitude of the place of installation.

1.8.2 It shall support SPV modules at given orientation, absorb and transfer the

mechanical loads to the ground properly.

1.8.3 The structure shall be hot dip Galvanized & shall have anti corrosive paint.

1.8.4 The steel for the mounting structure shall be as per IS 2062: 1992 and mounting structure galvanisation shall be in compliance of IS 4759 (latest issue).

1.8.5 The mounting arrangement shall be suitable for column mounting or flat surface, as desired by the ordering authority.

1.8.6 The Mounting structure shall be easily transportable and designed to

withstand the wind speed of 200KM/hour. Design calculation shall be furnished to show that the proposed structure will withstand the wind speed of

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200 Km/hr. The design for the mounting structure shall have the certification from a recognised Lab/Institution for the purpose.

1.8.7 Provision for directional and angular adjustment shall be made to ensure the optimum utilisation of incident sunlight.

1.8.8 The design/drawings of the mounting structure shall be supplied along with the module to the purchaser.

1.8.9 The mounting structure shall be suitably designed to withstand the weight of the panel/array.

1.8.10 The exact mounting mechanism shall have to be decided upon and specified by the ordering authority, as per the actual requirement at the site of installation, and the same shall be mentioned in the purchase order.

1.8.11 The array structure shall be so designed that it will occupy minimum space without sacrificing the output of SPV panels.

1.8.12 Structure shall have suitable anti theft measures to prevent easy removal of Solar Modules.

1.9 Array Junction Box

1.9.1 The junction box shall be dust, vermin & Water proof and made of FRP/Thermoplastic with IP65 protection.

1.9.2 The terminals shall be connected to copper bus bar arrangement of proper sizes

1.9.3 The junction box shall have suitable cable entry points fitted with cable glands of appropriate sizes for both incoming and outgoing cables.

1.9.4 Suitable markings shall be provided on the bus bar for easy identification and cable ferrules shall befitted at the cable termination points for identification.

1.9.5 The rating of junction box shall be suitable with adequate safety factor to interconnect solar PV array

1.9.6 Metal oxide arrestors shall be provided inside the array junction boxes.

2. Battery Bank :

2.1 The battery shall be 48V (24 cell)) VRLA type (deep-cyclic), suitable for SPV application i.e. slow rate of charge and discharge conforming preferably to GR/BAT-03/01 MAR 2006 Tubular VRLA batteries based on GEL technology with amendment if any or TEC GR No. GR/BAT-01/03 MAR 2004 with amendments if any for VRLA flat plate technology.

2.2 The capacity of the battery shall be so designed so as to supply the

ultimate load during the non-sunlight hours i.e. during the night and also during the cloudy weather (Number of sunless days at a stretch as specified by the ordering authority) or when both SPV power and AC mains are not available (and also wind power wherever asked for) with

40 | P a g e


80% reserved power in fully charged condition and shall be floated across the SPV panel or SMPS and load through charge controller.

2.3 The nominal voltage of the Battery shall be 48V. However, the actual capacity of the battery in terms of Ampere-hour shall be indicated by the ordering authority.

2.4 The battery shall deliver at 120% of its rated capacity at low rate of discharge between C/20 and C/120. At discharge rate of C/120 or slower, the battery shall deliver at least 150% of its rated capacity.

3. Charge controller unit :

Charge controller unit shall manage power supply employing grid,

SPV, Wind Power, and diesel generator power. It shall provide for the necessary DC power supply to the load and battery and also protect battery bank from over charge, deep discharge, reverse polarity and short circuit, thereby ensuring that the electrical characteristics are met for optimum performance and reliability. It monitors all the functions of SPV power source and SMPS (some on charge controller along with SMPS and all other on the SMPS). It provides for termination for output of the SPV array, output of wind power, output of the SMPS (through a switch), load and battery. It shall house all the necessary alarms, monitoring and control circuits. It shall also provide for the mounting of the lightning and surge protection devices (SPV side on the charge controller itself, while SMPS side lightning and surge protective devices on the SMPS.

3.1 Charge Control Unit/Control Electronics: The Control system should

automatically manage the system operation which include: 3.1.1 Integrated solar, grid, wind, and diesel generator charge regulator.

• In case of availability of Solar/ wind Power, priority shall be given to renewable power over grid/DG.

• With mains being available (Grid Connected System), controller shall decide whether grid is to be utilized depending on State of Charge of the Battery Bank and availability of Solar/wind Power.

• The system shall intelligently do generator exercising at a pre decided interval to prevent seizing up

3.1.2 Battery charging & battery management

• Controller shall have Advance battery management with PWM regulation to keep the battery bank fully charged without over charging / Deep discharging it

• Controller shall have intelligent decision making for regulating the Battery Charging process (Boost, Float, Absorption, Equalization)

3.1.3 Self consumption: Solar regulator shall be microcontroller based with low

energy consumption. The regulator supply current shall not be more that 15 milliamperes.

41 | P a g e


3.1.4 Data logging & remote monitoring: System should have option to retrieve performance data over a period of 1-2 years and remote monitoring of the same.

3.2 Voltage to Load and battery: The SPV voltage at the output of the

charge controller shall be limited to 55.2V for 48V power supplies. The SMPS output voltage shall also be controlled within these limits.

3.3 Efficiency: Efficiency of the charge controller at full load and rated output

voltage of 54V for 48V power supply respectively shall be in excess of 85% while working on SPV power source.

3.4 Psophometeric Noise ( e. m. f. weighted at 800 Hz ): While working

on SPV Power as well as SMPS, Psophometeric Noise with a battery of appropriate capacity floated and Radio Telephone equipment connected across the output shall be within 2mV as per ITU-T Rec. O-41.

3.5 Protections: The charge controller shall provide for the control circuitry

using solid state switching techniques to incorporate suitable protections ( with a tolerance of +/- 1% for DC voltage and current) to safeguard circuit against the following conditions :

a) DC over voltage:

Charge controller: The output voltage of the charge controller shall be maintained in 55.2V for 48V. In case the charge controller output voltage exceeds 56V for 48V power supply due to failure of the voltage control device provided to control the SPV Power Source voltage, the SPV power source shall be isolated automatically, creating alarm. SPV power source shall get reconnected when the load voltage falls below the specified level, which corresponds to output voltage of 55.2V for 48V power supplies.

b) Battery under voltage: In case output DC voltage falls below 44.4V for 48V power supply, the battery shall be isolated from the load. The load shall automatically be reconnected, when the voltage is above 50V for 48V power supply.

c) Reverse Polarity: There shall not be any damage to the components of the power supply in case the polarity is reversed. The unit shall start its normal function when the correct polarity is restored.

d) Reverse flow of current from the battery to the SPV module or wind generator: To avoid the discharge of the battery through the SPV modules during non-sunlight period or through wind generator or SMPS (when not delivering the output), the blocking diodes or any other suitable arrangement shall be provided in the charge controller between: SPV power source and battery terminals, Wind power source and battery, and SMPS and battery. e) Over Load/Short Circuit: The unit shall be protected for over load/ short circuit. It shall be ensured that short circuit does not lead to

42 | P a g e


any fire hazard.

f) Fuse/ circuit Breakers with current limiting devices : Suitably fault rated fuses or circuit breakers with current limiting devices shall be provided for the following :

i. Live AC input line ii. Negative DC output iii. Against failure of control sensing circuit.

Note : 1. Use of mechanical switching devices such as relays etc. is not permitted in the control circuit. MCBs are, however, permitted for short circuit protection only.

2. Two fuses (minimum) of each type shall be provided with each unit. These fuses shall be kept inside the unit in an enclosure.

3.6 Monitoring Alarms and Indicating Lamps : Visual indications/display

shall be provided by means of bright LCDs. Different colour display for different modes shall also be provided.

3.6.1 Functional Indications: The following indications shall be provided to

indicate mode in which the unit is functioning. The functional indications of FR/FC modules and DSCA shall be on FR/FC and DSCA of the SMPS also :

a. AC Mains available - Green (on charge controller, FR/FC module and DSCA) b. Battery Charging by SMPS - Amber c. Battery Charging by SPV Power - Yellow

d. Load on battery - Blue e. Battery Charging by Wind Power - Yellow

Alarms Indications on charge controller:

1. SPV Output Voltage Low. 2. SPV Output Voltage High 3. Battery Low 4. Battery reverse polarity 5. Over load 6. SMPS fail – SMPS fails to deliver power due to any reason

7. Equipment Circuit Breaker Trip (if used) 8. SPV Output Voltage Low. 9. SPV Output Voltage High

Display of System data: following shall be displayed

• Battery bank voltage

• Charging current

• Load current

• Total energy generated

• Total energy utilized

• Maximum battery voltage since midnight

• Wind power voltage

43 | P a g e


• Minimum battery voltage since midnight

• Time of day when battery bank was fully charged

• Solar Panel Voltage (Open Circuit)

• System fault indication

• Performance data for last 1-2 years.

3.6.2 The SMPS shall be housed in 19” rack only. The Distribution Switching Control and Alarm (DSCA) of the SMPS may be mounted in the upper part of the rack above the FR-FC modules, while FR-FC modules shall be mounted in the remaining rack. The matching of the SPV Power source, wind power output and SMPS output shall be ensured by the charge controller.

3.6.3 SMPS shall be based on Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Technique using switching frequencies of 20KHz and above. The SMPS shall be capable of, independently, meeting the load requirements of load (telecom equipment) and battery bank. SMPS is intended to be used in Float-cum-Charge mode as a regulated D.C. Power Source. The unit should be expandable at rack level itself or by additional racks using the basic FR/FC modules of the same rating. The prescribed FR/FC ratings are 50A and above. It shall employ modular configuration for flexible provision of DC power.

3.6.4 The unit shall only be based on menu driven Micro Processor Controlled Techniques (both DSCA as well as module) for control, monitoring and alarms. DSCA shall display its Software version. Setting of all the parameters shall be through menu-driven microprocessor control only. Use of potentiometer for setting of parameters is not permitted.

3.6.5 AC input Supply: The Power Plant shall operate from single phase

AC input range 90V to 300V(nominal input voltage 230V) The nominal input frequency is 50Hz which may vary from 48-52Hz.

3.6.6 DC output Characteristics :

3.6.6.1 48V FR/FC Modules shall be capable of operating in the float mode

(continuously adjustable pre-settable) at any value in the range of -48 to -56V from FR/FC, modules and DSCA.

3.6.6.2 There shall also be a provision so that DSCA may over ride the values

set by individual module. The prescribed float voltage setting is - 54V for 48V units.

3.6.6.3 The DC output voltage shall be maintained within +/-1% of the half load

preset voltage in the range 25% load to full load when measured at the output terminals over the full specified input range.

3.6.7 Efficiency : The efficiency of the unit shall be given below :

a) At nominal input, output and full rated load : better than 89%. b) At other specified Input, output conditions : better than 85% and load between 50 to 100%

44 | P a g e


3.6.8 Input Power Factor : The true input Power Factor at nominal

input, output voltage and rated load shall be better than 0.98 and shall be better than 0.95 in any other working condition and load between 50% to 100%. Active Power factor correction only shall be employed for the purpose.

3.6.9 The Psophometeric Noise (e.m.f. weighted at 800Hz) : The

Psophometeric Noise with a battery of appropriate capacity connected across the output should be within 2mV, while delivering the full rated load at nominal input of 230V. For test purposes, this shall be taken as equivalent to 4mV when the battery is not connected, other conditions remaining the same as per ITU-T Rec. O.41.

3.6.10 The Peak-to-Peak Ripple : Voltage at the output of the rectifier module without battery connected shall not exceed 300 mV at the Switching Frequency measured by an Oscilloscope of 50/60 MHz band-width (Typical).

3.6.11 Soft Start Feature and Transient Response :

3.6.12 Slow start circuitry shall be employed such that FR/FC module input current and output voltage shall reach their nominal value within 10 seconds.

3.6.13 Voltage overshoot/Undershoot : The requirements of this clause shall be achieved without a battery connected to the output of FR/FC module.

3.6.13.1 The FR/FC modules shall be designed to minimise output voltage

Overshoot/ Undershoot such that when they are switched on the DC output voltage shall be limited to +/-5% of the set voltage and return to their steady state within 20 ms for any load of 25% to 100%.

3.6.13.2 The DC output voltage overshoot for a step change in AC mains from

specified lowest to highest and vice-versa shall not cause shutdown of FR/FC module and the voltage overshoot shall be limited to +/- 5% of its set voltage and return to steady state within 20 ms.

3.6.13.3 The modules shall be designed such that a step load change of 25 to

100% shall not result in DC output voltage Overshoot/ Undershoot of not more than 5% and return to steady state value within 10 ms without resulting the unit to trip.

3.6.14 Total Voltage Harmonic Distortion: The Total line harmonic voltage

distortion shall not be more than 5%.

3.6.15 Total Current Harmonic Distortion: The total current harmonic distortion contributed by the unit at the input shall not exceed 10% for input voltage range 90V-300V, for load between 50 to 100% of the rated capacity.

3.6.16 Current limiting (Voltage Droop): The Current limiting (Voltage Droop) shall be provided for Float/Charge operation. The float/charge current limiting shall be continuously adjustable between 50 to 100% of rated output current for output voltage range of -44.4 to -56 volts for 48V unit.

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For test purposes upper limit of 100% + 5% and lower limit of 50% - 5% shall be acceptable.

The float and charge current limit adjustment shall be provided, either on the front panel of the individual FR/FC module or through a provision at the centralised location on front panel of DSCA through a menu driven program capable of adjusting the float and charge current limits of the each FR/FC module individually, irrespective of the rating and number of modules located in the same rack or in other racks of the power plant for the ultimate capacity of the unit. The FR/FC modules shall be fully protected against short circuit. It shall be ensured that short circuit does not lead to any fire hazard. The unit shall start delivering output automatically when the short circuit is removed.

3.6.17 DC output Regulation : DC output shall regulate in the range 54V +/-

1% for 48V units for load between 25% to 100%, over the full specified input range. The nominal voltage shall be set at half load.

3.6.18 Load Sharing (Parallel operation) :

3.6.18.1 FR/FC modules shall be suitable for operating in parallel with one or more

modules of similar type, make and rating, other output conditions remaining within specified limits.

3.6.18.2 The current sharing shall be within +/- 10% of the average current per rectifier module in the unit (mounted in the same or different racks) when loaded between 50 to 100% of its rated capacity for all working conditions.

3.6.18.3 In the event of failure of DSCA, FR/FC modules’ parameter shall not be disturbed. All the FR/FC modules shall take care of the load on default settings and share the load collectively.

3.6.18.4 Battery Under Voltage Isolation: There shall be a provision for Automatic Isolation/reconnection of each battery from the load. The Tendering Authority shall specify the load and battery capacity. The DC contactor used for the purpose shall be of single pole only.

3.6.18.5 The operate and release voltages for the above conditions shall be as follows :

Cut-off: 1.85V/cell (44.4V for 48V units. It shall be settable between 1.85V and 1.9V/cell. A tolerance of 0.01V/cell is permissible in this case.

3.6.19 Reconnect: When the FR/FC voltage has built-up fully. It shall be settable

between 2.15V to 2.3V/cell).

3.6.20 Battery Path Current Limiting : To ensure the availability of required exchange load and safety of the battery, the current in each battery path shall be settable as per the battery capacity so that the battery path current is kept to maximum 10% of battery AH capacity. Ordering Authority will give the capacity of the battery to be used for this purpose.

46 | P a g e


For the type approval the manufacturer shall demonstrate the facility and undertake to make provision as per order.

3.6.21 Temperature Compensation for Battery: There shall be provision

for monitoring the temperature of battery and consequent arrangement for Automatic temperature compensation of the FR/FC (in Auto float/charge mode) output voltage to match the battery temperature dependant charge characteristics. The output voltage of the rectifier in Float/Charge operation shall decrease or increase at the rate of 72mV (24 cells battery@ 3mV per cell) and 18mV ( 6 cells battery @ 3mV per cell) per degree increase or decrease in temperature over the set voltage. The output voltage shall decrease till the open circuit voltage of the battery is reached. The open circuit voltage range shall be settable between 2.1V/cell to 2.2V/cell. At this voltage the power plant voltage get locked and further increase in temperature shall not decrease the voltage further. This voltage shall also remain locked till the temperature falls below the value corresponding to set value. When the output voltage reaches 55.8V, due to increase in the output voltage owing to decrease in temperature, it shall get locked at this voltage and any further decrease in temperature shall not lead to further rise in the output voltage of the power plant. This voltage shall also remain locked till the temperature rises above the value corresponding to set value. A tolerance +/- 1% may be acceptable over the rates as specified above. The nominal distance between the battery and power plant may be 20 metres. The manufacturer shall provide the necessary sensor and cord for the purpose with the power plant. Failure of temperature compensation circuit including sensors (including the open or short circuit) shall create an alarm and shall not lead to abnormal change in output voltage. Proper sign-writing shall be made in DSCA and both ends of temperature compensation cord for its easy termination.

3.6.22 Protections: In addition to the requirements given above, the charge

controller shall also provide for the following protections :

3.6.23 AC Input : There shall be an automatic arrangement to provide galvanic isolation at the AC input of the FR/FC module whenever the input voltage is beyond the specified operating range ( 90V to 300V), with suitable alarm indication. The FR/FC module shall resume normal working automatically when the input is restored within the working limits. Hysteresis within specified working limits shall not cause shutting down of the FR/FC. A tolerance of +/-5V may be acceptable for protection and alarm operation. Reconnection shall occur at a voltage, 10V lower than the set voltage high isolation limit and 10V higher than the lower set limit to avoid hunting. The circuitry used for sensing the voltage for operation of isolation/ reconnection device shall be able to withstand a voltage 15% higher than the specified extreme limit of isolation.

3.6.24 D. C. Over voltage :

a) Each rectifier module shall be fitted with an internal over- voltage protection circuit. In case output DC voltage exceeds –56V, the over voltage protection circuit shall operate and shut-off the faulty module. A tolerance of +/-0.01V/cell is permitted in this case. Restoration of the module shall be through a reset switch/push button.

47 | P a g e


b) Shutting-off of faulty FR/FC module shall not affect the operation of other FR/FCs operating in the rack. c) Operation of over-voltage shut down shall be suitably indicated on the module and also extended to monitoring/control unit

d) The circuit design shall ensure protection against the discharge of the Battery through the FR/FC module in any case.

e) The over voltage protection circuit failure shall not cause any safety hazard.

f) Over Load/Short Circuit: The FR/FC modules shall be fully

protected against short circuit. It shall be ensured that short circuit does not lead to any fire hazard. The unit shall start delivering output automatically when the short circuit is removed.

3.6.25 Alarm Indications on SMPS:

A. On FR/FC: a. FR/FC Over voltage b. FR/FC Under voltage or Output Fail c. FR/FC Overload (Voltage Droop) d. Fan fail (due to any reason) All the above alarm Indications shall be extended to DSCA as FR/FC fail.

B. On DSCA: SMPS output voltage High : above 55.6V/Low below 45.6V a) FR/FC fail (any failure condition as in “A” Above) b) Mains Out of range c) Unit Over Load d) Mains "ON"/Battery Discharge e) Temp. Compensation fail f) Battery Fail or No Battery (separate for each Battery) g) Battery isolated from the load(due to any reason) h) Lightning and surge protection Stage II Fail

4. Environmental Requirements: The system shall be designed to work

satisfactorily under all the environmental conditions as specified in this clause. SPV modules, charge controller, mounting structure and batteries shall be capable of working in a saline atmosphere in coastal areas and shall be free from any corrosion at any period of time in compliance with the requirements of relevant clauses of QM-333. SPV Modules, Charge controller & battery shall also be capable to withstand the rigors of transportation, handling & working satisfactorily as specified in Category B2 of QM-333 including Corrosion (salt mist) and high altitude (up to 3000 meters) tests.

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5. Specification for Wind Generator

The small wind turbine is required for the operation of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) in areas with deficit grid power and sufficient wind power for the operation of such turbine. The turbine and its associated circuitry is expected to supply 42 to 58 volts regulated DC to the telecommunications load at BTS. The following clauses provide the Generic Requirements for the turbines.

5.1 Technical specifications

5.1.1 Capacity 4-5 kW (as per requirement)

5.1.2 Type Horizontal Axis - Battery Charger /

Aerogenerator to be used as hybrid system in

conjunction with SPV

5.1.2 Swept Area < 200 sq.m.

5.1.3 Start up Wind Speed 2.5 – 3.0 m/s.

5.1.4 Cut in wind speed 3.0 m/s

5.1.5 Rated wind speed 11 – 14 m/s

5.1.6 Cut out wind speed 25 m/s

5.1.7 Furling wind speed > 15 m/s

5.1.8 Survival Wind Speed > 50 – 60 m/s

5.1.9 Design Life time 20 years

5.2 Mechanical specifications

5.2.1 Type 2/3 bladed up wind

5.2.2 Blade profile NACA

5.2.3 Blade Material Glass/Carbon fibre reinforced plastic

5.2.4 Rotor regulation Pitch / Stall regulated

5.2.5 Generator Transmission Direct Drive

5.2.6 Yaw system Active / passive, upwind tracking

5.2.7 Over speed protection (i) Auto Tail furling system.

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(ii) Automatic/controller based protection

5.2.8 Braking System (i) Manual Button / switch for shutdown

the turbine under all normal operating

conditions for turbines with swept

area > 40 sq.m.

(ii) Automatic

5.3 Tower

5.3.1 Type Lattice / Tubular (free standing

tower)

5.3.2 Height 20 m

5.4 Control System

5.4.1 Type PLC / Micro processor based

5.4.2 Display parameters 10 minutes average wind speed

(m/s), Wind Directions, Cumulative

generation (units) monthly generation

(units), Hourly generation (units),

Events Log.

5.5 Charge Controller / converter

5.5.1 Rating 5 kVA/ 10 kVA or as desired

5.5.2 Output Voltage 42 – 58 V D.C.

5.6 Emission standard shall be as per the TEC standard TBRR/F/GQR-

GN/33.TEC /2004 (Part) Dated 11.01.2008.

5.7 Mechanical and electrical safety of the users shall be ensured.

5.8 Type test from accrediting laboratory/centre to be furnished strictly in

accordance with IEC 61400-2 (design requirement of small wind

turbines).

5.9 Power curve shall be furnished by the manufacturer.

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6. Cabling & interconnections

• All cables shall be confirming to IS 694

• Only PVC Copper cables shall be used

• Size of cables shall be so selected to keep the voltage drop and losses to the minimum

7. Earthing

The array structure shall be grounded properly using adequate number of

grounding kits. All metal casing/shielding of the plant shall be thoroughly

grounded to ensure safety of the power plant.

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ANNEXURE 7

I. Past Initiatives of USOF in Utilization of Renewable Energy:

1. The issue of irregular and deficient power

supply in rural areas and its adverse

impact on the sustained functioning of

rural telecommunication facilities has been

brought to the notice of USOF

Administration by CCA offices across the

country through their reports and by

Telecom Service Providers.

2. Reports from CCA offices have often

highlighted the negative impact of rural

power shortages on the functioning of

battery dependant, USOF subsidized, VPTs,

RDELs and RCPs working on CDMA

technology. This assumes gravity

especially in the case of public access

telephones, which are a crucial source of

tele-connectivity for the bulk of rural

population. CCA office Haryana had

undertaken an initiative called ‘Sanchar

Kiran” in coordination with Haryana’s

Renewable Energy Department HAREDA,

wherein customized solar chargers were

developed and successfully tested for the

CDMA phones of the USPs in Haryana.

Relevant Ruling under which

USOF Support may be given:

Rule 525, sub rule (2) (iii) Stream III under the Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Rules, 2006- Creation of Infrastructure for Provision of Mobile Services in Rural and Remote areas: (a) The assets constituting the infrastructure for provision of mobile infrastructure shall be determined by the Central Government, from time to time; (b) A percentage of Capital Recovery for the infrastructure for provision of mobile services shall be taken into account to determine the Net Cost. Rule 525, sub rule (2) (vi)

Stream VI-Induction of new technological developments in telecom sector in rural and remote areas: Pilot projects to establish new technological developments in the telecom sector, which can be deployed in rural and remote areas, may be supported with the approval of the Central Government.

Rule 526 Criteria for

selection of Universal Service

provider- Under this rule the mode for selection of the Universal Service Provider is to be by a bidding process. However, activities relating to pilot projects under Stream VI mentioned above are (Rule 525, sub rule (2) (vi) constitute one of the exceptions to this rule allowing selection by nomination.

52 | P a g e


3. Subsequently the matter of providing solar back up devices

for CDMA FWT based VPTs was taken up by USOF

Administration with CMD BSNL in a special meeting on

remedial measures to improve the functioning of VPTs held on

16.11.07. BSNL committed that it would float a tender to

provision solar devices for one lakh CDMA FWT VPTs in

villages where the power situation was critical. BSNL

however, requested for subsidy support. Accordingly the

matter was taken up by USOF Administration with MNRE and

it was jointly decided that this pilot project would be

subsidized to the extent of 25% of the tendered cost by

MNRE. Another 25% would be subsidized by USOF. The BSNL

tender for this project has now been floated.

4. During this meeting it had also been decided that

MNRE would assist the USOF in exploring the possibility

of subsidizing hybrid non-conventional power solutions

for telecom installations. In subsequent meetings MNRE

also expressed willingness to provide technical support to

USOF in this regard. The last such meeting held on 2-5-08

under the chairmanship of Secretary, MNRE and was attended

by JA (Finance) USOF and Sr DDG BW. In this meeting the

possibility of jointly supporting pilot projects to demonstrate

the efficacy and cost effectiveness of various combinations of

hybrid sources of renewal energy was discussed.

5. Consequent to the above mentioned meeting, it was

proposed that the option of renewal energy utilization could

be built into the USOF tender for the forthcoming mobile

infrastructure schemes. This issue was discussed with the

IPs/USPs in meetings held at USOF HQ on phase I and phase

II of the mobile infrastructure scheme and they have

53 | P a g e


expressed an active interest in the same. Thereafter, on

invitation by USOF HQ, service providers presented their

views on how the renewable energy could be incorporated in

the power requirement for the mobile infrastructure scheme,

to USOF on 16.7.08.

II. The Importance of Incorporating the use of Renewable

Energy into USOF Schemes for Shared Mobile

Infrastructure in Rural and Remote Areas

1. Phase I of the USOF scheme providing for setting up of about

7871 mobile infrastructure sites in villages without wireless

signal coverage, is already under implementation in rural and

remote areas across the country. As per the feedback

received from the IPs/USPs and the CCA Offices who are

monitoring the progress of the Scheme, it is evident that the

availability of power for rural BTSs is a major constraint in

operationalising mobile services in rural and remote areas.

2. Anticipating the constraint of non availability of the grid

supply, the relevant USOF Agreement for Mobile Phase

Infrastructure (No. 30-148/2007-USF (Part. A) dated

14.5.2007 under clause 10.4 of the Technical Conditions,

provides that in such an event, an additional DG Set (of the

same capacity and features of the mandatory back up DG Set

defined in the Agreement) is to be provided by the IP for the

shared USOF site without any further subsidy support. It has

also been mentioned that in case hybrid power supply

systems with DG sets and SPV systems, or any other

combination is provided, it should meet the specifications as

prescribed in the Agreement.

54 | P a g e


3. It is understood that as of now there would be a fairly

large number of USOF sites which may have to function

continuously with two DG sets on account of non

availability of grid power in the forthcoming few years.

Reports received from the field units indicate that there is

considerable reluctance on the part of IPs towards payment of

the heavy charges of extending the grid supply to USOF sites.

They are also chary of running a second DG set as this entails

additional costs.

4. It has often been expressed by IPs/USPs that the initial

capital cost of installing renewable energy power sources such

as solar or solar wind, hybrid etc, is prohibitive. In the USOF

benchmarking exercise, the cost attributed to the electric

connection (grid) supply has been taken to be around Rs. 3.5

lakhs. Thus it could be said that in the event of non-

availability of the grid supply, around Rs. 3.5 lakhs of funds

(as per USOF benchmark) may be allocated either towards

the second DG set, or installation of renewable energy

capacity. This allocation is clearly inadequate given that the

capital cost per KW of solar power system would be around

Rs.3.5-4 lakh and that of wind power systems be around Rs. 1

lakh. (In comparison to this, an off-grid shared mobile site

would require an initial investment of around 30 -50 lakhs for

a SPV/hybrid system to cater to a combined power

requirement of 6 KW.)

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ANNEXURE 8

Option Load

KW

DC

Amps

Battery

AH

Daily

AH

reqd

SPV

KWp

AH by

SPV

WTG

KW

AH by

WTG

Battery

deficiency

created AH

AH reqd

from DG

Amps

by DG

Daily DG

operation

Hrs reqd

I 2 40 2500 960 17 1063 0 0 0 0 165 0.0

4 80 2500 1920 17 1063 0 0 858 858 205 4.2

6 120 2500 2880 17 1063 0 0 1818 1818 245 7.4

II 2 40 2500 960 13 813 4.2 263 0 0 165 0.0

4 80 2500 1920 13 813 4.2 263 845 845 205 4.1

6 120 2500 2880 13 813 4.2 263 1805 1805 245 7.4

III 6 120 2500 2880 17 1063 8.4 525 1293 1293 245 5.3

Option Load

KW

DC

Amps

Battery

AH

Daily

AH

reqd

SPV

KWp

AH by

SPV

WTG

KW

AH by

WTG

Battery

deficiency

created AH

AH reqd

from DG

Amps

by DG

Daily DG

operation

Hrs reqd

I 2 40 2500 960 10 625 0 0 335 335 165 2.0

4 80 2500 1920 10 625 0 0 1295 1295 205 6.3

6 120 2500 2880 10 625 0 0 2255 2255 245 9.2

II 2 40 2500 960 10 625 4.2 263 73 73 165 0.4

4 80 2500 1920 10 625 4.2 263 1033 1033 205 5.0

6 120 2500 2880 10 625 4.2 263 1993 1993 245 8.1

KVA KW η (%) DC

Amps at

48 V

10 8 85 142

15 12 85 213

20 16 85 283

Generator output

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ANNEXURE 9

Case – I ( load 2 KW) – 10 KWp solar system

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1st day 2nd day 3rd day 4th day

Battery (AH) Daily Consumption (AH)

SPV (AH) Balance

Depending upon the set value of Depth of discharge (DOD), DG set can be operated for 20% DOD : DG set is to be operated on 3rd day for 40% DOD : DG set is to be operated on 5th day

for 60% DOD : DG set is to be operated on 7th day or once a week

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Case – II (load 4 KW) – 10 KWp solar system

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

1st day 2nd day 3rd day

Battery (AH) Daily Consumption(AH)

SPV (AH) Balance

Depending upon the set value of Depth of discharge (DOD), DG set can be operated for 20% DOD : DG set is to be operated daily for 40% DOD : DG set is to be operated on 2nd day

for 60% DOD : DG set is to be operated on 3rd day

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Case – III (load 6 KW) – 10 KWp solar system

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

1st day 2nd day 3rd day

Battery (AH)

Daily Consumption (AH)

SPV (AH)

Balance

Depending upon the set value of Depth of discharge (DOD), DG set can be operated for 20% DOD : DG set is to be operated daily for 40% DOD : DG set is to be operated on 2nd day

for 60% DOD : DG set is to be operated on 3rd day

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ANNEXURE 10

COST COMPARISON OF RUNNING THE EQUIPMENT ON DG SET & SPV

CASE I : Payback Period is 6.3 years

Existing

Load - 2 KW

24 Hrs. DG Operation SPV-17 KWp

4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt WTG - 0 KW

No DG operation

Loan @ 13.75% for 7 years

Costing for 7 years,

10% inflation / year Capital Cost 45 Rs Lacs

Year Diesel Cost Diesel Cost Installment Interest Total outflow Net Balance

( Rs.- Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs) ( Rs.- Lakhs) ( Rs.- Lakhs) ( Rs.- Lakhs) Benefit

1 13.32 0 6.43 6.19 12.62 0.70 0.70 45.00

2 14.65 0 6.43 5.30 11.73 2.91 3.61 38.57

3 16.11 0 6.43 4.42 10.85 5.26 8.88 32.14

4 17.72 0 6.43 3.54 9.96 7.76 16.64 25.71

5 19.49 0 6.43 2.65 9.08 10.41 27.05 19.29

6 21.44 0 6.43 1.77 8.20 13.25 40.30 12.86

7 23.59 0 6.43 0.88 7.31 16.28 56.57 6.43

CASE II : Payback Period is 7.5 years

Existing

Load - 4 KW



Daily DG operation : 4 hrs





( Rs.- Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs) ( Rs.- Lakhs) ( Rs.- Lakhs) ( Rs.- Lakhs)

1 13.32 2.22 6.43 6.19 14.84 -1.52 -1.52 45.00

2 14.65 2.44 6.43 5.30 14.17 0.47 -1.05 38.57

3 16.11 2.69 6.43 4.42 13.53 2.58 1.53 32.14

4 17.72 2.95 6.43 3.54 12.92 4.80 6.34 25.71

5 19.49 3.25 6.43 2.65 12.33 7.17 13.50 19.29

6 21.44 3.57 6.43 1.77 11.77 9.67 23.17 12.86

7 23.59 3.93 6.43 0.88 11.25 12.34 35.52 6.43

8 25.95 4.32 0.00 0.00 4.32 21.62 57.14 0.00

Cumulative

Benefits

Option I [ 17 KWp SPV - Generator Hybrid system]

Cumulative

Benefits

60 | P a g e


CASE III : Payback Period is 8.5years

Existing

Load - 6 KW

24 Hrs. DG Operation SPV - 17 KWp






Year Diesel Cost Diesel Cost Installment Interest Total outflow Benefit Balance


1 13.32 3.88 6.43 6.19 16.50 -3.18 -3.18 45.00

2 14.65 4.27 6.43 5.30 16.00 -1.36 -4.54 38.57

3 16.11 4.70 6.43 4.42 15.55 0.56 -3.98 32.14

4 17.72 5.17 6.43 3.54 15.13 2.59 -1.39 25.71

5 19.49 5.69 6.43 2.65 14.77 4.73 3.34 19.29

6 21.44 6.25 6.43 1.77 14.45 6.99 10.33 12.86

7 23.59 6.88 6.43 0.88 14.19 9.40 19.73 6.43

8 25.95 7.57 0.00 0.00 7.57 18.38 38.11 0.00

9 28.54 8.32 0.00 0.00 8.32 20.22 58.33 0.00

Option II [ 13 KWp SPV - 4.2 KW WTG - Generator Hybrid system]


Existing

Load - 2 KW


4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt WTG - 4.2 KW

No DG operation






1 13.32 0.00 5.29 5.09 10.37 2.94 2.94 37.00

2 14.65 0.00 5.29 4.36 9.65 5.00 7.94 31.71

3 16.11 0.00 5.29 3.63 8.92 7.19 15.13 26.43

4 17.72 0.00 5.29 2.91 8.19 9.53 24.66 21.14

5 19.49 0.00 5.29 2.18 7.47 12.03 36.69 15.86

6 21.44 0.00 5.29 1.45 6.74 14.70 51.40 10.57

Option I [ 17 KWp SPV - Generator Hybrid system]

Cumulative

Benefits

Cumulative

Benefits

61 | P a g e


Option II [ 13 KWp SPV - 4.2 KW WTG - Generator Hybrid system]


Existing

Load - 4 KW


4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt WTG - 4.2 KW







1 13.32 2.22 5.29 5.09 12.59 0.72 0.72 37.00

2 14.65 2.44 5.29 4.36 12.09 2.56 3.28 31.71

3 16.11 2.69 5.29 3.63 11.60 4.51 7.79 26.43

4 17.72 2.95 5.29 2.91 11.15 6.58 14.36 21.14

5 19.49 3.25 5.29 2.18 10.72 8.78 23.14 15.86

6 21.44 3.57 5.29 1.45 10.31 11.13 34.27 10.57

7 23.59 3.93 5.29 0.73 9.94 13.64 47.92 5.29

CASE III : Payback Period is 7.3 years

Existing

Load - 6 KW


4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt WTG - 4.2 KW







1 13.32 3.88 5.29 5.09 14.26 -0.94 -0.94 37.00

2 14.65 4.27 5.29 4.36 13.92 0.73 -0.21 31.71

3 16.11 4.70 5.29 3.63 13.62 2.49 2.28 26.43

4 17.72 5.17 5.29 2.91 13.36 4.36 6.64 21.14

5 19.49 5.69 5.29 2.18 13.15 6.34 12.98 15.86

6 21.44 6.25 5.29 1.45 12.99 8.45 21.43 10.57

7 23.59 6.88 5.29 0.73 12.89 10.70 32.13 5.29

8 25.95 7.57 0.00 0.00 7.57 18.38 50.51 0.00

Cumulative

Benefits

Cumulative

Benefits

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Existing

Load - 6 KW


4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt WTG - 2x4.2 KW







1 13.32 2.77 7.29 7.01 17.07 -3.76 -3.76 51.00

2 14.65 3.05 7.29 6.01 16.35 -1.70 -5.46 43.71

3 16.11 3.36 7.29 5.01 15.65 0.46 -5.00 36.43

4 17.72 3.69 7.29 4.01 14.99 2.74 -2.26 29.14

5 19.49 4.06 7.29 3.01 14.35 5.14 2.88 21.86

6 21.44 4.47 7.29 2.00 13.76 7.69 10.57 14.57

7 23.59 4.91 7.29 1.00 13.20 10.39 20.96 7.29

8 25.95 5.41 0.00 0.00 5.41 20.54 41.50 0.00

9 28.54 5.95 0.00 0.00 5.95 22.60 64.09 0.00


Existing

Load - 2 KW









1 13.32 1.11 3.71 3.58 8.40 4.92 4.92 26.00

2 14.65 1.22 3.71 3.06 8.00 6.65 11.56 22.29

3 16.11 1.34 3.71 2.55 7.61 8.50 20.06 18.57

4 17.72 1.48 3.71 2.04 7.23 10.49 30.55 14.86

5 19.49 1.62 3.71 1.53 6.87 12.62 43.18 11.14

6 21.44 1.79 3.71 1.02 6.52 14.92 58.10 7.43

7 23.59 1.97 3.71 0.51 6.19 17.40 75.50 3.71

Cumulative

Benefits

Cumulative

Benefits

Option III [ 17 KWp SPV - 2x4.2 KW WTG - Generator Hybrid system]

Option IV [ 10 KWp SPV - Generator Hybrid system]

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Existing

Load - 4 KW









1 13.32 3.33 3.71 3.58 10.62 2.70 2.70 26.00

2 14.65 3.66 3.71 3.06 10.44 4.21 6.90 22.29

3 16.11 4.03 3.71 2.55 10.30 5.82 12.72 18.57

4 17.72 4.43 3.71 2.04 10.19 7.53 20.25 14.86

5 19.49 4.87 3.71 1.53 10.12 9.37 29.63 11.14

6 21.44 5.36 3.71 1.02 10.10 11.35 40.98 7.43

7 23.59 5.90 3.71 0.51 10.12 13.47 54.44 3.71

CASE III : Payback Period is 5.8 years

Existing

Load - 6 KW









1 13.32 4.99 3.71 3.58 12.28 1.03 1.03 26.00

2 14.65 5.49 3.71 3.06 12.27 2.38 3.41 22.29

3 16.11 6.04 3.71 2.55 12.31 3.80 7.21 18.57

4 17.72 6.65 3.71 2.04 12.40 5.32 12.53 14.86

5 19.49 7.31 3.71 1.53 12.56 6.94 19.47 11.14

6 21.44 8.04 3.71 1.02 12.78 8.67 28.13 7.43

7 23.59 8.85 3.71 0.51 13.07 10.52 38.65 3.71

Option IV [ 10 KWp SPV - Generator Hybrid system]

Cumulative

Benefits

Cumulative

Benefits

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CASE I : Payback Period is 4 years

Existing

Load - 2 KW


4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt WTG - 4.2 KW







1 13.32 0.55 4.14 3.99 8.69 4.63 4.63 29.00

2 14.65 0.61 4.14 3.42 8.17 6.48 11.11 24.86

3 16.11 0.67 4.14 2.85 7.66 8.45 19.55 20.71

4 17.72 0.74 4.14 2.28 7.16 10.56 30.12 16.57

5 19.49 0.81 4.14 1.71 6.66 12.83 42.95 12.43

6 21.44 0.89 4.14 1.14 6.18 15.27 58.22 8.29

7 23.59 0.98 4.14 0.57 5.70 17.89 76.11 4.14

CASE II : Payback Period is 5 years

Existing

Load - 4 KW


4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt WTG - 4.2 KW







1 13.32 2.77 4.14 3.99 10.90 2.41 2.41 29.00

2 14.65 3.05 4.14 3.42 10.61 4.03 6.45 24.86

3 16.11 3.36 4.14 2.85 10.35 5.76 12.21 20.71

4 17.72 3.69 4.14 2.28 10.11 7.61 19.82 16.57

5 19.49 4.06 4.14 1.71 9.91 9.58 29.40 12.43

6 21.44 4.47 4.14 1.14 9.75 11.69 41.09 8.29

7 23.59 4.91 4.14 0.57 9.63 13.96 55.06 4.14

Option V [ 10 KWp SPV - 4.2 KW WTG - Generator Hybrid system]

Cumulative

Benefits

Cumulative

Benefits

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CASE III : Payback Period is 6 years

Existing

Load - 6 KW


4 Lt/hr - Rs. 38 /lt WTG - 4.2 KW







1 13.32 4.44 4.14 3.99 12.57 0.75 0.75 29.00

2 14.65 4.88 4.14 3.42 12.44 2.20 2.95 24.86

3 16.11 5.37 4.14 2.85 12.36 3.75 6.70 20.71

4 17.72 5.91 4.14 2.28 12.33 5.39 12.09 16.57

5 19.49 6.50 4.14 1.71 12.35 7.14 19.24 12.43

6 21.44 7.15 4.14 1.14 12.43 9.01 28.25 8.29

7 23.59 7.86 4.14 0.57 12.58 11.01 39.27 4.14

Option V [ 10 KWp SPV - 4.2 KW WTG - Generator Hybrid system]

Cumulative

Benefits

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ANNEXURE 11

Layout Diagram of USOF Ph-I site for SPV

South facing

Tower

Service Provider

- 2

DG set

Service Provider

-3

SPV

Service Provider

- 1

20

5

5

3

3

1.5

2

16

Clear Area : 160 sq mtr

Renewable Energy Committee Report

Documents

Transcript of Renewable Energy Committee Report