Remedial Law_Pre-Week

8/11/2019 Remedial Law_Pre-Week

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A PRE-WEEK REVIEWER IN REMEDIAL LAW

By

ALFREDO R. CENTENO

PROFESSOR OF LAW

ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY

City Prosecutor & Deputized Ombudsman ProsecutorProfessor in Remedial Law Review, Evidence, Criminal

Law,Criminal Procedure & Labor Law Review

College of Law, t! Louis "niversityCollege of Law, "niversity of #aguio

College of Law, Cordillera Career Development CollegeLecturer, Premier #ar Review Center

Lecturer, Power$aus #ar Review Center#aguio City

Foreword

This is an updated, revised, compiled and codifed edition basedon the lectures, notes and comments delivered by the lateProessor Jose E. Cristobal, Proessor Emeritus o the BauioCollees Foundation, Collee o !aw and "ean #onorato $.

%&uino o the Bauio Collees Foundation, Collee o !aw. 'omeo the materials incorporated herein were the products atheredby this writer rom (urisprudence as printed in the 'upreme Court

)eports %nnotated and the 'upreme Court %dvance "ecisionsand the treatises and writins o *nown writers on the sub(ect.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Trace the history of our Remedial Law in the Philippines.

Our remedial law system or laws o !ro"edure were o S!a#is$ ori%i#. T$e

Ameri"a#s later "$a#%ed t$is w$e# our Ameri"a# System o Crimi#al Pro"edure

was i#trodu"ed &y 'irtue o t$e !romul%atio# o Ge#eral Order No. () o# A!ril *+,

-//. O# Au%ust 0, -/-, A"t No. -/ 1Code o Ci'il Pro"edure2 was e#a"ted.

T$e Code o Ci'il Pro"edure 1A"t No. -/2 re!ealed all laws o# t$e matter. T$etwo laws 3 General Order No. 58 a#d Act No. 190 "o#stituted our !ri#"i!alremedial laws u#til t$e -+( P$ili!!i#e Co#stitutio# &e"ame ee"ti'e.

T$e -+( Co#stitutio# re!ealed General Order No. 58a#dAct No. 190as statutes

&ut de"lared t$e same as t$eRules of Court. T$ey were $owe'er su!erseded &y t$e

Old Rules o Court t$at too4 ee"t o# 5uly -, -6/.

T$e New Rules o Court t$at too4 ee"t o# 5uly -, -76 t$ereater su!erseded t$e

Old Rules o Court. 1Nue'as o# Remedial Law2.

- Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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T$e -76 Rules o Court $as u#der%o#e se'eral "$a#%es si#"e t$e#. O#

5a#uary -, -)(, t$e Rules o# Crimi#al Pro"edure was i#trodu"ed. I# -)), t$e

Rules o Crimi#al Pro"edure u#derwe#t a# ame#dme#t. O# 5uly -, -), t$e

Re'ised Rules o# E'ide#"e &e"ame ee"ti'e a#d o# 5uly -, -0, t$e Rules o#

Ci'il Pro"edure was li4ewise i#trodu"ed a#d &e"ame ee"ti'e. O# 9e"em&er -,*///, t$e Rules o# Crimi#al Pro"edure u#derwe#t a ma:or re'isio#

Define or Explain the concept of Remedial law:

Remedial law isalso 4#ow# as !ro"edural or ad:e"ti'e law. It is t$at &ra#"$

o law t$at !res"ri&es t$e met$od o e#or"i#% ri%$ts or o&tai#i#% redress or t$eir

i#'asio#.

What is Substantie law!

It is t$at law t$at "reates, dei#es a#d re%ulates ri%$ts. ("ustos s. Lucero# $% Phil.

&'()

What are the *inds of remedial law!

;e $a'e two %e#eral 4i#ds o remedial law, #amely


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T$e !ower to !romul%ate rules is 'ested i# t$e Su!reme Court. 1Se". (172,

Arti"le VIII, P$ili!!i#e Co#stitutio#2

T$e said !ower o t$e Su!reme Court i#"ludes t$e !romul%atio# o rules

"o#"er#i#%!e#si'e !ro"edure or t$e s!eedy

dis!ositio# o "ases=

T$e rules s$all &e u#iorm or all "ourts o t$e same %rade, a#d

T$e rules s$all #ot dimi#is$, i#"rease or modiy su&sta#ti'e ri%$ts.,Sec. 2# 0rticle

6777# Philippine 4onstitution)

To what cases are the Rules of 4ourt not applicable!

T$e rules s$all #ot a!!ly to t$e ollowi#%!e#si'e dis!ositio# o e'ery a"tio# a#d

!ro"eedi#%. ,Sec. Rule %) E>"e!tio#!editi#%

:usti"e.

I t$e a!!li"atio# o t$e rules would te#d to su&'ert a#dor deeat i#stead o!romote a#d e#$a#"e it, t$eir sus!e#sio# is :ustiied. ,Republic s. 40 $3 S4R0

'2; Republic s. 40 Sept. %(# %$%)

5URIS9ICTION

Define or explain er"ise o t$at !ower or

t$e ri%$tul#ess o t$e de"isio# re#dered.

#(ercise of $urisdictionreers to t$e resolutio# o all ot$er Duestio#s arisi#% i# t$e

"ase. =Palma s. B C S L5-(3&& /ay %# %&&@

6 Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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Distin+uish


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What determines urisdiction oer the subect matter)

5urisdi"tio# o'er t$e su&:e"t matter is determi#ed o# t$e &asis o t$e "om!lai#t. It

is t$e "om!lai#t t$at "omme#"es t$e a"tio#.=Sarmiento s. 40# -2( S4R0 %($@

;$ate'er is iled &y t$e dee#da#t t$ereater $as #ot$i#% to do wit$ t$e

"omme#"eme#t o t$e a"tio#. =0brin s. 4ampos# -(3 S4R0 '-(@.T$e dee#sesi# t$e a#swer or motio# to dismiss are #ot to &e "o#sidered or !ur!oses o

esta&lis$i#% :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e su&:e"t matter. /ultinational s. 40 -(3 S4R0

%('@It is determi#ed &y t$e alle%atio#s o t$e "om!lai#t a#d "a##ot &e made to

de!e#d o# t$e dee#ses o t$e dee#da#t . ,Republic s. Sandi+anbayan# 1.R. Ao.

%'3-22# /arch 3(# -((')

When must urisdiction oer the subect matter exist!

5urisdi"tio# o'er t$e su&:e"t matter must e>ist at t$e &e%i##i#% o t$e a"tio# a#d

as su"$ "o#ti#ues to e>ist u! to t$e re#ditio# o t$e :ud%me#t. 5urisdi"tio# o

"ourts o'er t$e su&:e"t matter is "o#erred e>"lusi'ely &y t$e Co#stitutio# a#d &ylaw.

/ay a court motu proprio consider the issue of lac* of urisdiction een if not

challen+ed by any party!

T$e a#swer is YES. T$e Court 1Su!reme Court2 may motu !ro!rio "o#sider

t$e issue o :urisdi"tio# e'e# i #ot "$alle#%ed &y a#y !arty to t$e "ase. It $as

dis"retio# to determi#e w$et$er a !arti"ular "ourt 'alidly a"Duired :urisdi"tio#

o'er a !arti"ular "ase. 5urisdi"tio# o'er t$e "ase is "o#erred &y law. It may #ot &e

"o#erred o# t$e "ourt &y "o#se#t or wai'er o t$e !arties w$ere t$e "ourt

ot$erwise would $a'e #o :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e su&:e"t matter o t$e a"tio#. ,0tuels. 6alde9# 1.R. Ao. %32&%#


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t$e w$ims o t$e !arties. ,0tuel s. 6alde9# 1.R. Ao. %32&%# er"ise o t$e "oer"i'e !ro"esses o t$e "ourt &y t$e !ro!er

ser'i"e o summo#s u!o# t$e dee#da#t.

U#der t$e #ew rules a dee#da#t w$o iles a motio# to dismiss &ased o# t$e said%rou#d may as4 or ot$er relie wit$out "o#sideri#% $is a!!eara#"e as 'olu#tary.=Sec. -(# Rule %'@

5urisdi"tio# o'er t$e !erso# o a !arty may &e wai'ed. T$e Duestio# o la"4 o

:urisdi"tio# o'er t$e !erso# o a !arty must &e raised at t$e earliest o!!ortu#ity

a#d it must &e raised i# a motio# to dismiss.

8ow is urisdiction oer the nature of the action determined!

It is determi#ed #ot &y t$e title or "a!tio# o t$e !leadi#% &ut rat$er &y t$e

alle%atio#s t$erei# t$at "o#trols a#d may &e made t$e &asis o a relie %ra#ted &y

t$e "ourt. I# "ase o "o#li"t &etwee# t$e alle%atio#s i# t$e &ody o t$e "om!lai#t

a#d t$at o t$e "a!tio# o t$e !leadi#%, t$e alle%atio#s i# t$e &ody o t$e "om!lai#t!re'ail. Solid 8omes s. 40 -?% S4R0 %2?@

What is lac* of urisdiction oer the nature of the action!

It is t$e situatio# t$at arises w$e# a "ourt, w$i"$ ordi#arily would $a'e t$e

aut$ority a#d "om!ete#"e to try a "ase is re#dered wit$out su"$ aut$ority a#d

"om!ete#"e eit$er &e"ause a s!e"ial law $as limited t$e e>er"ise o its #ormal



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:urisdi"tio# o# a !arti"ular matter or &e"ause t$e ty!e o a"tio# $as &ee# re!osed

&y law i# "ertai# ot$er "ourts= or Duasi@:udi"ial &odies or a%e#"ies. La Aaal s.

40 -3& S4R0 ?$ A# e>am!le o t$e situatio# was duri#% t$e time t$at P9 /*@A

was e#a"ted, or t$e ee"ts o t$e e>!a#ded :urisdi"tio# o t$e TC o# BP **

"ases.

Explain briefly the concept of urisdiction oer the res.

T$is 4i#d o :urisdi"tio# "omes i#to !lay o#ly i# situatio#s w$ere

:urisdi"tio# o'er t$e !erso# o t$e dee#da#t "a##ot &e a"Duired &e"ause $e is a

#o#@reside#t, "a##ot &e ou#d i# t$e P$ili!!i#es, or "a##ot &e ser'ed wit$

summo#s. T$ese a"tio#s reer to +uasi in rem actions.5urisdi"tio# o'er t$e res, or

!ro!erty o t$e dee#da#t or t$i#% i# "o#test is o&tai#ed &y t$e a"tual or

"o#stru"ti'e sei?ure o t$e !ro!erty &y !la"i#% t$e same i# custodia le"is. (Section

%?# Rule %'# Rules of 4ourt*

7s presentation of eidence in support of opposition to amotion to dismiss on the+round of lac* of urisdiction oer the subect matter necessary!

Ge#erally, t$ere is #o #eed to !rese#t a#y e'ide#"e &e"ause :urisdi"tio#

o'er t$e su&:e"t matter is determi#ed &y t$e alle%atio#s o t$e "om!lai#t.T$e o#ly e>"e!tio# to t$is rule is i# a suit or e:e"tme#t w$ere a !arty

raises t$e dee#se o a%ri"ultural te#a#"y. I# su"$ a situatio#, t$e "ourt is "alled

u!o# to "o#du"t a !relimi#ary $eari#% to de"ide t$e issue o a%ri"ultural te#a#"y.

T$e "ourt may reDuire t$e re"e!tio# o e'ide#"e duri#% t$e !relimi#ary $eari#%.

4oncepcion s. 47 "ulacan %% S4R0 ---@. It must &e remem&ered $owe'er

t$at t$e rules o# summary !ro"edure do #ot a!!ly to "ases "o'ered &y a%ri"ultural

te#a#"y laws.="ayo+ s. Aatino -2$ S4R0 3?$@

When may the issue of lac* of urisdiction oer the subect matter be raise!

Juestio# o la"4 o :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e su&:e"t matter may &e raised at a#y sta%e

o t$e !ro"eedi#% a#d e'e# or t$e irst time o#e a!!eal.La+man s. 40 '' S4R0

--$, T$e !arty e#titled to t$e dee#se o la"4 o :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e su&:e"tmatter must raise t$e same &eore it is &arred &y la"$es or esto!!el. Lam s.

4hua# 1.R. Ao. %3%-$ /arch %$# -((';Lope9 s. Aorthwest --3 S4R0 '

Aaoa s. 40 -2% S4R0 2'2 see also Tiam s. Sibon+hanoy -3 S4R0 - and

Sec. 3 and %(# Rule '?@

When may the court# board# a+ency or tribunal exercise its power to adudicate!

T$e rule is well@settled t$at or a "ourt to e>er"ise its !ower o ad:udi"atio# t$ere

must &e a# a"tual "ase or :usti"ia&le "o#tro'ersy. ,Republic s. Tan 1.R. Ao.

%'2-22# /arch 3(# -((')

What is meant by an actual case or usticiable controersy!

) Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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A# a"tual "ase or :usti"ia&le "o#tro'ersy is o#e, w$i"$ i#'ol'es a "o#li"t o le%al

ri%$ts a#d a# assertio# o o!!osite le%al "laims sus"e!ti&le o :udi"ial resolutio#.

;$ere t$e issue $as &e"ome moot a#d a"ademi", t$ere is #o :usti"ia&le

"o#tro'ersy, a#d a# ad:udi"atio# t$ereo# would &e o #o !ra"ti"al use or 'alue as

"ourts do #ot sit to ad:udi"ate mere a"ademi" Duestio#s to satisy s"$olarly

i#terest, $owe'er i#telle"tually "$alle#%i#%. ,Republic s. Tan 1.R. Ao. %'2-22#/arch 3(# -((')

What is meant by the phrase Furisdiction must be raised #+ t"e sae

roee/#+0G-

;$e# t$e rule says t$at su"$ issue &e raised i# t$e sae roee/#+0, it sim!ly

mea#s t$at it must &e raised i# t$e !ro"eedi#%s o t$e same "ase a#d duri#% t$e

a!!eal o t$e same "ase. It does #ot mea# t$at la"4 o :urisdi"tio# o a "ourt i# a

"ase may &e raised duri#% t$e !ro"eedi#%s o a#ot$er "ase, i# a#ot$er "ourt a#d

e'e# &y a#y&ody. *0ra+on s. 40# 1.R. Ao. %-'333# /arch - %?@

0re there other classes of urisdiction!

T$e a#swer is yes, t$ey are as ollowse"utio# !e#di#% a!!eal u#derSec. -# Rule 31

Allow wit$drawal o a!!eals.

What is the Doctrine of Primary


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re%ulatory statute admi#istered.="rett s. 704 %% S4R0 &$?# see also 7ndustrial

Enterprises s. 40 %$' S4R0 '-&'

State the elements of a alid exercise of urisdiction:

;e s$ould ma4e a disti#"tio# as to w$et$er t$e a"tio# is a "rimi#al or a

"i'il a"tio#. I#traordi#ary writs, a !arty is o&li%ed to irst see4 relie rom t$e RTC.

T$e SC s$ould #ot &e &urde#ed wit$ t$e tas4 o deali#% wit$ "auses i# t$e irst

i#sta#"es. T$e SC ori%i#al :urisdi"tio# to issue e>traordi#ary writs s$ould &e

e>er"ised o#ly w$ere a&solutely #e"essary or w$ere serious or im!orta#t reaso#s

t$ereore e>ist. 1Pearson s. 704 -2 S4R0 -?

ollowin+ the principle of hierarchy of courts# to what court must an a++rieed

party in administratie cases decided by the Kmbudsman appeal!Cases de"ided &y t$e Om&udsma# i# a/#+#strat#ve /#s#$#+ar3 asesmust &e

a!!ealed to t$e CA u#der Rule 6+, #ot a!!eal &y "ertiorari u#der Rule 6(. T$e

!ro'isio#s o Se". *0 o R.A. 700/ w$i"$ aut$ori?es a!!eal &y "ertiorari u#derRule 6(, i# admi#istrati'e dis"i!li#ary "ases $as &ee# de"lared u#"o#stitutio#al &y

t$e SC. 16illaert s. Desierto# L5%33?%2# eb. -3# -(((2.

Does the same remedy apply to a++rieed parties in criminal cases!

I# "rimi#al "ases, t$e a%%rie'ed !arty may Duestio# t$e de"isio# o t$e

Om&udsma# &y a Petitio# or Certiorari u#der Rule 7(. T$e said !etitio# must &e

iled i# t$e Su!reme Court a#d #ot i# t$e Court o A!!eals. Petitio#s or "ertiorariDuestio#i#% t$e Om&udsma#Fs orders, or de"isio#s i# "rimi#al "ases s$ould &e

iled i# t$e Su!reme Court a#d #ot t$e Court o A!!eals. /Pere9 s. Kmbudsman#

et al.# 1.R. Ao. %3%''2# /ay -?# -(('; ui9on s. Kmbudsman; /endo9a 0rce

s. Kmbudsman)

Suppose the appeal is purely on a uestion of law# where must the a++rieed

party appeal!

A!!eal o# !ure Duestio# o law rom t$e Om&udsma# may &e made to t$e SC, t$e

i#di#%s o a"ts &ei#% "o#"lusi'e w$e# su!!orted &y su&sta#tial e'ide#"e.

//oron+ Water District s. Kmbudsman L5%%&?2'# /ar. %?# -((()

7s the rule on hierarchy of courts absolute!

T$e !ri#"i!le o ierarc of courtsmay &e rela>ed w$e# t$e redress desired

"a##ot &e o&tai#ed i# t$e a!!ro!riate "ourts or w$ere e>"e!tio#al a#d "om!elli#%

"ir"umsta#"es :ustiy t$e a'ailme#t o a remedy wit$i# a#d "alli#% or t$e e>er"ise

o t$e SCFs !rimary :urisdi"tio#. ,Pro. Kf "atan+as s. Romulo# 1.R. Ao.

%2-??'# /ay -?# -((')

-+ Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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8ow are the courts classified accordin+ to the nature and extent of their

urisdiction!

Court may &e "lassiied a""ordi#% to t$e #ature a#d e>te#t o :urisdi"tio#

ased &y t$e Co#stitutio#.

What body has the power to define# prescribe and apportion the urisdiction of

courts!

T$e Co#%ress $as t$e !ower to dei#e, !res"ri&e a#d a!!ortio# t$e

:urisdi"tio# o t$e 'arious "ourts, &ut it "a##ot de!ri'e t$e Su!reme Court o its

:urisdi"tio# as !ro'ided &y t$e Co#stitutio#.1Sections - C 2# 0rticle 6777#

4onstitution2 Co#%ress may i#"rease t$e a!!ellate :urisdi"tio# o t$e SC o#ly wit$t$e ad'i"e a#d "o#"urre#"e o t$e said Court. 1Section 3(# 0rticle 67#

4onstitution2

What are the powers of the Supreme 4ourt!

T$e !owers o t$e Su!reme Court may &e "lassiied as ollowse"uti'e a%reeme#t, law, !reside#tial de"ree, !ro"lamatio#, order i#stru"tio#,

ordi#a#"e or re%ulatio# is i# Duestio#=

&.*@ All "ases i#'ol'i#% t$e le%ality o a#y ta>, im!ost, assessme#t, or toll, or a#y

!e#alty im!osed i# relatio# t$ereto=

&.+@ All "ases i# w$i"$ t$e :urisdi"tio# o a#y lower "ourt is i# issue=

&.6@ All "ases i# w$i"$ o#ly a# error or Duestio# o law is i#'ol'ed.

-6 Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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"2 Ori"inal and Concurrent &urisdictionwit$ t$e CA a#d RTC i# "ases i#'ol'i#%er"ise its eDuity :urisdi"tio# o#ly i# a suit iled&y o#e w$o is a real !arty i# i#terest. EDuity is i#'o4ed o#ly w$e# t$e !lai#ti, o#

t$e &asis o t$e a"tio# iled a#d t$e relie sou%$t, $as a "lear ri%$t t$at $e see4s to

e#or"e, or t$at would o&'iously &e 'iolated i t$e a"tio# iled were to &edismissed or la"4 o sta#di#%. ;$ere t$e !lai#ti $as #o "lear e#or"ea&le ri%$t,

si#"e $is "laim i# t$e "ase is merely i#"$oate a#d u#"ertai#, eDuity :urisdi"tio#

"a##ot &e i#'o4ed, mu"$ less e>er"ised.

State the urisdiction of the 4KJRT K 0PPE0LS.

T$e :urisdi"tio# o t$e "ourt o a!!eals may &e di'ided i#to"lusi'e Ori%i#al 5urisdi"tio#< A"tio#s or a##ulme#t o :ud%me#t o Re%io#alTrial Courts=

&2 Ori%i#al 5urisdi"tio#< Re%ardi#% t$e issua#"e o writs o ma#damus, "ertiorari,

$a&eas "or!us or Duo warra#to a#d ot$er a#"illary writs or !ro"esses w$et$er i#

aid o its a!!ellate :urisdi"tio# or #ot=

"2 E>"lusi'e A!!ellate 5urisdi"tio#< O'er all i#al :ud%me#ts, de"isio#s orresolutio#s, order or awards o RTC 1ordi#ary a!!eals2 a#d !etitio#s or re'iew

1RTC de"ided a "ase a!!ealed to it2 a#d Duasi@:udi"ial &odies, a%e#"ies,

i#strume#talities, &oards or "ommissio#s 1&rou%$t o# ordi#ary a!!eal2. 3 SEC,

SSC, ECC, et". e>"e!t t$ose alli#% wit$i# t$e e>"lusi'e a!!ellate :urisdi"tio# o

t$e SC.

State the urisdiction of the S0AD710A"0I0A

It is a "ourt "reated !ursua#t to t$e Co#stitutio# &ut is #ot "o#sidered a

"o#stitutio#al "ourt. It is a trial "ourt $a'i#% t$e same le'el as t$at o t$e Court o

A!!eals a#d its de"isio#s, w$et$er re#dered i# t$e e>er"ise o its ori%i#al or

a!!ellate :urisdi"tio#, are dire"tly a!!eala&le to t$e Su!reme Court.

-7 Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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T$e Sa#di%a#&aya# s$all also $a'e t$e !ower $ear a#d de"ide "ases i#'ol'i#% wit$ ot$er "rimes, "ommitted &y !u&li" oi"ers or em!loyees me#tio#ed

i# Se". 6, RA 00(, as ame#ded &y RA )*6 i# relatio# to t$eir oi"e, w$ere t$e

a""used $olds a !ositio# wit$ salary %rade *0 a#d $i%$er u#der t$e Com!e#satio#

Classii"atio# A"t o -). ,4uyco s. S0AD710A"0I0A L5%3?(?# eb. %$#

-((().By im!li"atio# !u&li" oi"ers a#d em!loyees a""used o similar oe#ses or

elo#ies t$at "arry a salary %rade lower t$a# %rade *0 s$all &e tried &y t$e Re%io#al

Trial Courts. T$is mea#s t$at it is t$e salary %rade a#d #ot t$e a"tual salary

re"ei'ed &y t$e !u&li" oi"ers w$et$er lo"al or #atio#al t$at determi#es t$e

:urisdi"tio# o t$e Sa#di%a#&aya#. ,Llorente s. S0AD710A"0I0A. L5%---?


18/103

T$e a#swer is yes. Pursua#t to t$e !ro'isio#s o RA 00(, t$e

Sa#di%a#&aya# is em!owered to issue writs o ma#damus, !ro$i&itio#, "ertiorari,

$a&eas "or!us, i#:u#"tio# a#d ot$er a#"illary writs a#d !ro"esses i# aid o its

a!!ellate :urisdi"tio#. ,0bbot s. /apayo "eeds +//,/// or i# etro@a#ila 6//,///=

d2 Pro&ate 1testate or i#testate2 w$ere t$e %ross 'alue o t$e estate e>"eeds +//,///

or i# etro@a#ila@6//,///=

e2 Cases #ot wit$i# t$e :urisdi"tio# o a#y "ourt, tri&u#al, !erso# or &ody

e>er"isi#% :urisdi"tio# o a#y "ourt, tri&u#al, !erso# or &ody e>er"isi#% :udi"ial or

Duasi@:udi"ial u#"tio#s=2 All ot$er "ases i# w$i"$ t$e dema#d, e>"lusi'e o i#terest, dama%es or w$ate'er

4i#d, attor#eyFs ees, liti%atio# e>!e#ses a#d "osts or t$e 'alue o t$e !ro!erty i#

"o#tro'ersy e>"eeds +//,/// or i# metro@ma#ila 6//,///=

Do actions inolin+ contract of marria+e and marital relations fall within the

urisdiction of the Re+ional Trial 4ourts!

T$e a#swer would seem to &e i# t$e #e%ati'e. U#der t$e !rese#t rules

a"tio#s i#'ol'i#% "o#tra"t o marria%e a#d marital relatio#s #ow all wit$i# t$e

:urisdi"tio# o t$e amily Courts. T$e rules !ro'ide t$at "i'il a"tio#s a#d s!e"ial

!ro"eedi#%s alli#% wit$i# t$e e>"lusi'e ori%i#al :urisdi"tio# o t$e 59RC #ow all

wit$i# t$e :urisdi"tio# o t$e amily Courts.

What other cases fall within the urisdiction of the re+ional trial courts!

T$e re%io#al trial "ourts may also e>er"ise ori%i#al :urisdi"tio# i# "ases

i#'ol'i#%er"ise e>"lusi'e ori%i#al :urisdi"tio# o'er

all Crimi#al a"tio#s #ot alli#% wit$i# t$e e>"lusi'e :urisdi"tio# o a#y "ourt,tri&u#al or &ody, e>"e!t t$ose #ow alli#% u#der t$e e>"lusi'e a#d "o#"urre#t

:urisdi"tio# o t$e Sa#di%a#&aya#.

What is the appellate urisdiction of the re+ional trial courts!

It s$all e>er"ise a!!ellate :urisdi"tio# o'er all "ases de"ided &y t$e TC i#

t$eir res!e"ti'e territorial :urisdi"tio#. T$e de"isio# o t$e RTC s$all &e su&:e"t to

re'iew &y t$e CA.

What is the so5called FSpecial er"ise :urisdi"tio# o'er t$eollowi#% "ases, to wit"eedi#% 7 yearsirres!e"ti'e o t$e amou#t o i#e, a#d re%ardless o ot$er im!osa&le a""essory or

ot$er !e#alties i#"ludi#% "i'il lia&ility arisi#% rom su"$ oe#se.

a.+@ O'er all re"4less im!rude#"e "ases irres!e"ti'e o t$e amou#t o dama%e

i#'ol'ed.

a.6@ Violatio#s o Batas Pam&a#sa Bl%. ** re%ardless o t$e im!osa&le i#e.

&2 Ci'il a"tio#s=

&.-@ Ci'il a"tio#s a#d !ro&ate !ro"eedi#%s 1testate or i#testate2 i#"ludi#%

t$e %ra#t o !ro'isio#al remedies w$ere t$e 'alue o t$e !ro!erty, estate or t$e

amou#t o t$e dama%e does #ot e>"eed +//,/// or i# metro@a#ila 6//,///

e>"lusi'e o t$e i#terest or dama%es=

&.*@ Cases o or"i&le e#try a#d u#lawul detai#er=

- Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


20/103

&.+@ All ot$er "i'il a"tio#s w$i"$ i#'ol'e title to or !ossessio# o, real !ro!erty or

a#y i#terest t$erei# w$ere t$e assessed 'alue o t$e !ro!erty or i#terest t$erei#

does #ot e>"eed */,/// or i# metro@ma#ila does #o e>"eed (/,///.

What is the so5called FDele+ated


21/103

Howe'er, i# "ases w$ere t$e "laim o dama%es is t$e mai# "ause o a"tio#,

o#e o t$e "auses o a"tio#, t$e amou#t o su"$ "laim s$all &e "o#sidered i#

determi#i#% t$e :urisdi"tio# o t$e "ourt.

What happens when the main cause of action falls within the urisdiction of the

first leel courts!I t$e mai# "ause o a"tio# alls wit$i# t$e "o%#i?a#"e o t$e irst le'el

"ourts, t$e# all t$e :oi#ed "auses o a"tio#, assumi#% t$ere is !ro!er :oi#der,

s$ould &e i#"luded i# o#e "om!lai#t to &e iled i# t$e irst le'el "ourts.

But, i t$e mai# "ause o a"tio# is "o%#i?a&le &y t$e RTC, t$e# t$e i#"ide#tal or

a#"illary "auses s$ould ollow t$e mai# "ause o a"tio# a#d s$ould &e iled i# t$e

same RTC to a'oid multi!li"ity o suits a#d s!litti#% si#%le "ause o a"tio#.

What happens when there is a alid oinder of causes of action# some of which

fall within the co+ni9ance of the first leel courts and the others fall within the

co+ni9ance of the re+ional trial courts! T$e se'eral "laims or "auses o a"tio# t$us :oi#ed, w$et$er &etwee# t$e

same or diere#t !arties em&odied i# t$e same "om!lai#t, t$e amou#t o dema#d

s$all &e t$e totality o all t$e "laims i# all t$e "auses o a"tio#, irres!e"ti'e ow$et$er t$e "ause o a"tio# arose out o t$e same or diere#t tra#sa"tio#s.1Se".

++, BP -*2 Note $owe'er, t$at i# "ases o :oi#der o "auses o a"tio#, t$ere must

&e !ro!er :oi#der o !arties.

Suppose that in a complaint filed with the /T4# the defendant files a motion to

dismiss on the +round of lac* of urisdiction oer the subect matter and the

motion is +ranted. The plaintiff appeals the order of dismissal to the RT4# canthe RT4 dismiss the case on the +round that the /T4 did not hae ori+inal

urisdiction oer the case and therefore it cannot exercise appellate urisdiction!

It is su&mitted t$at t$e a#swer is NO. Section $# Rule '(, ma#dates t$at t$e

RTC s$ould e>er"ise its ori%i#al :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e "ase. I# su"$ a "ase, t$e RTC

s$all try t$e "ase o# t$e merits as i t$e "ase was ori%i#ally iled wit$ it. It re'ersest$e order= t$e "ase must &e rema#ded to t$e "ourt o ori%i#

I# i#sta#"es w$ere t$e "ase was tried o# t$e merits &y t$e TC i# s!ite o t$e a"t

t$at it $ad #o :urisdi"tio#, t$e RTC may try t$e "ase as i it $ad ori%i#al

:urisdi"tio# o'er t$e "ase. ,Sec.$# Rule '(2

7s the payment of filin+ fee a +round for dismissal of a case based on lac* of

urisdiction!

T$e a#swer is %e#erally No. Pursua#t to de"isio#s o t$e SC, t$e "ourts may

#ot ta4e a#y a"tio# o# a "ase iled w$ere t$e ili#% ee $as #ot &ee# !aid. But it

does #ot mea# t$at t$e "ourt la"4s :urisdi"tio#.1/e+aspi s. Ramolete %%2 S4R0%3; /anchester s. 40 %' S4R 2&- and Suns 7nsurance s. 0suncion ,eb.

%3# %$)

*- Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


22/103

7s the payment of filin+ fee reuired with re+ard to counterclaims!

Pursua#t to #ew Adm. Cir"ular o t$e SC t$at too4 ee"t Au%ust -(, *//6,

t$e a#swer would seem to &e yes.

What are the rules to be followed re+ardin+ the payment of filin+ fees!ollowi#% t$e ruli#%s o t$e Su!reme Court i# t$e a&o'e@"ited "ase a#d

Adm. Cir"ular, t$e ollowi#% a!!ear to &e t$e a!!li"a&le rules, to wit mo#t$s or i#e o P-,///=

What are the Pleadin+s allowed by the rules on summary procedure!

O#ly t$e ollowi#% 'eriied !leadi#%s are allowed &y t$e said rulesed i# t$e order o t$e "ourt. ,Sec. %; 6illanuea s.

Estoue Ao. -# -((()

What is the effect of a partyMs failure to appear durin+ the preliminary

conference!

Ater t$e last !leadi#% $as &ee# iled, t$e !relimi#ary "o#ere#"e s$all &eset #ot later t$a# +/ days rom t$e ili#% o said !leadi#%. 1Sec. ? SR2 I t$e

!laintiffails to a!!ear, t$e "ourt may order t$e dismissal o t$e "om!lai#t= a#d i

it is t$e3efendantw$o ails to a!!ear, t$e !lai#ti may o&tai# :ud%me#t as i #o

a#swer was iled.

*+ Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


24/103

0re there pleadin+s that are not allowed under the rules on summary

procedure!

Yes, t$ere are !leadi#%s t$at are #ot allowed u#der t$e rules, t$ey are t$e

ollowi#%< ,Sec. %)

a2 otio# to 9ismiss= otio# to Juas$= 1Exception:;$e# t$e %rou#d or t$e

motio# is la"4 o :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e su&:e"t matter or oe#se= or ailure to"om!ly wit$ a "o#ditio# !re"ede#t, 1e.%. RA 0-7/=

&2 otio# or Bill o Parti"ulars=

"2 Petitio# or Relie rom 5ud%me#t=

d2 otio# or E>te#sio# o time to !lead or ile !leadi#%s=

e2 emora#dum=

2 Petitio#s or "ertiorari, !ro$i&itio# or ma#damus=

%2 otio# or 9e"laratio# o 9eault=

$2 otio# or Post!o#eme#t i#te#ded or delay=

i2 Re!ly=

:2 +rd

Party, 6t$

!arty et". "om!lai#t=42 I#ter'e#tio#s.

When are the rules on summary procedure not applicable!

T$e said rules do #ot a!!ly to t$e ollowi#%im@@@ #emo de&et &is 'e>are

!ro u#a et eadem "ausa,no man shall be twice exed for one and the same

cause.) 1Ex parte Lan+e# %$ Wall %&3# %&$; -% Law Ed $?-; J.S. s.

Throc*morton# $ J.S. &%; -2 Law Ed. 3). T$e rule is o# t$e !ri#"i!les o !u&li"!oli"y to !re'e#t i#"o#'e#ie#"e a#d $ards$i! i#"ide#t to re!eated a#d u##e"essary

liti%atio#s. ,4ity of "acolod s. San /i+uel "rewery Kctober 3(# %&) T$e

!ur!ose o t$e rule a%ai#st s!litti#% a "ause o a"tio# is

to !re'e#t re!eated liti%atio# &etwee# t$e same !arties i# re%ard to t$e same

su&:e"t o "o#tro'ersy= to !rote"t dee#da#t rom u##e"essary 'e>atio#= a#dto a'oid t$e "osts a#d e>!e#ses i#"ide#t to #umerous suits,% 4.


29/103

A si#%le "o#tra"t !ro'idi#% or se'eral o&li%atio#s to &e !erormed at

diere#t times, %i'es rise to a si#%le a#d i#de!e#de#t "ause o a"tio# or ea"$

o&li%atio# t$at is #ot !erormed at t$e !ro!er time.

I se'eral o&li%atio#s $a'e already matured all o t$em s$all &e "o#sidered

as i#te%rati#% a si#%le "ause o a"tio# a#d must all &e i#"luded i# t$e "om!lai#t.

T$ose t$at are #ot i#"luded are &arred ore'er. I# i#e, w$ere #o a"tio# is &rou%$tu#til more t$a# o#e is due, all t$at are due must &e i#"luded i# o#e a"tio#=

I a# a"tio# is &rou%$t to re"o'er u!o# o#e or more t$at are due &ut #ot

u!o# all t$at are due, a re"o'ery i# su"$ a"tio# will &e a &ar to a se'eral or ot$er

a"tio#s &rou%$t to re"o'er o#e or more "laims o t$e ot$er "laims t$at were due at

t$e time t$e irst a"tio# was &rou%$t.1"P7 0/7LI S067A1S "0A# 7A4. s.

4KS4KLLJEL0# 1.R. Ao. %&??-'# -((& !ress statutory !ro'isio#s, a

mort%a%ee@"reditor may i#stitute a%ai#st t$e mort%a%e de&tor eit$er a !erso#al

a"tio# or de&t or a real a"tio# to ore"lose t$e mort%a%e. I# ot$er words, $e may

!ursue eit$er o t$e two remedies, &ut #ot &ot$. ,"P7 0/7LI S067A1S "0A#

7A4. s. 4KS4KLLJEL0# 1.R. Ao. %&??-'# -((& e"utio#, e'e# i#"ludi#% t$e mort%a%ed !ro!erty itsel. A#d, i $e wai'es su"$

!erso#al a"tio# a#d !ursues $is remedy a%ai#st t$e mort%a%ed !ro!erty, a#

u#satisied :ud%me#t t$ereo# would still %i'e $im t$e ri%$t to sue or a dei"ie#"y

:ud%me#t, i# w$i"$ "ase, all t$e !ro!erties o t$e dee#da#t, ot$er t$a# t$e

mort%a%ed !ro!erty, are a%ai# o!e# to $im or t$e satisa"tio# o t$e dei"ie#"y. I#

eit$er "ase, $is remedy is "om!lete, $is "ause o a"tio# u#dimi#is$ed, a#d a#yad'a#ta%es atte#da#t to t$e !ursuit o o#e or t$e ot$er remedy are !urely

a""ide#tal a#d are all u#der $is ri%$t o ele"tio#. ,"P7 s. 4oscolluela# 1.R. Ao.

%&??-'# -((&


30/103

A rule t$at would aut$ori?e t$e !lai#ti to &ri#% a !erso#al a"tio# a%ai#st

t$e de&tor a#d simulta#eously or su""essi'ely a#ot$er a"tio# a%ai#st t$e

mort%a%ed !ro!erty, would result #ot o#ly i# multi!li"ity o suits so oe#si'e to

:usti"e 1Soria#o '. E#riDues, *6 P$il. ()62 a#d oo>ious to law a#d eDuity

1Osorio '. Sa# A%usti#, *( P$il. 6/62, &ut also i# su&:e"ti#% t$e dee#da#t to t$e

'e>atio# o &ei#% sued i# t$e !la"e o $is reside#"e or o t$e reside#"e o t$e!lai#ti, a#d t$e# a%ai# i# t$e !la"e w$ere t$e !ro!erty lies., ,"P7 s.

4oscolluela# 1.R. Ao. %&??-'# -((&


31/103

T$e reDuisites esse#tial or t$e a!!li"atio# o t$e !ri#"i!le o res :udi"ata

are"e!t as ot$erwise !ro'ided i# t$ese rules, :oi# as !lai#tis or

&e :oi#ed as dee#da#ts i# o#e "om!lai#t, w$ere a#y Duestio# o law or a"t

"ommo# to all su"$ !lai#tis or to all su"$ dee#da#ts may arise i# t$e a"tio#, &ut

t$e "ourt may ma4e su"$ orders as may &e :ust to !re'e#t a#y !lai#ti or

dee#da#t rom &ei#% em&arrassed or !ut to e>!e#se i# "o##e"tio# wit$ a#y!ro"eedi#%s i# w$i"$ $e may $a'e #o i#terest ,lores s. Phillipps# Sept. -'#

%$&).

7n case of a alid oinder of parties what shall be the urisdictional test!

+- Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


32/103

I# "ase o a 'alid :oi#der o !arties 1!lai#ti or dee#da#t2 t$e total o all

t$e "laims s$all ur#is$ t$e :urisdi"tio#al test. ,lores s. Phillipps# Sept. -'#

%$&).

Suppose all the causes of action oined are principally for sum of money what

shall be the urisdictional test!;$ere all t$e "auses o a"tio# :oi#ed are !ri#"i!ally or t$e re"o'ery o sum

o mo#ey, t$e a%%re%ate amou#t "laimed s$all &e t$e test o :urisdi"tio#. T$e

totality o t$e dema#d i# t$e suits or re"o'ery o sums o mo#ey &etwee# t$e

same !arties i# t$e "om!lai#t "o#stitutes t$e &asis o :urisdi"tio# a#d determi#es

t$e :urisdi"tio#al amou#t i# "i'il "ases ,"uli+5"uli+ s. Sulpicio Lines /ay %#

%$)

What is the effect if the parties decide not to be oined in a sin+le complaint!

I t$e !arties de"ided #ot to &e :oi#ed i# a si#%le "om!lai#t, t$e

:urisdi"tio#al &asis s$all &e t$e amou#ts i# ea"$ o t$e se!arate "om!lai#ts.,"uli+5"uli+ s. Sulpicio Lines /ay %# %$)T$e ri%$t o a !arty to "ause t$e

:oi#der o "auses o a"tio# is merely !ermissi'e. It is #ot a# o&li%atory rule. T$e

ri%$t or !ri'ile%e is 'ested i# t$e !lai#ti.

7s /isoinder of causes of action in one complaint a +round for motion to

dismiss!

T$e a#swer is #o. It is #ot a %rou#d or motio# to dismiss. T$e "ourt may

motu !ro!rio order t$e se!aratio# o t$e "auses o a"tio# or o# motio# o a !arty.

T$ereater t$e "ourt may !ro"eed wit$ t$e trial o ea"$ o t$e "auses o a"tio#

se!arately. A mis:oi#der #or a #o#@:oi#der o !arties is a %rou#d or dismissal o a#a"tio#, &e"ause !arties may &e dro!!ed or added at a#y sta%e o t$e !ro"eedi#%s.,Sec. Rule -# 4abutihan s.Landcenter 7nc. 1.R. Ao. %'&2'# -((-)

8ow are ciil actions commenced! What is the effect of a alid commencement

of action!

Ci'il a"tio#s are deemed "omme#"ed &y t$e ili#% o t$e ori%i#al "om!lai#t

i# "ourt. I a# additio#al dee#da#t is im!leaded i# a su&seDue#t !leadi#%, t$e

a"tio# is deemed "omme#"ed wit$ re%ard to t$e said !arty as o t$e date o ili#%

o t$e latter !leadi#%, irres!e"ti'e o w$et$er t$e motio# is admitted or de#ied &y

t$e "ourt. /Sec. 2# Rule %)T$e ili#% o t$e "om!lai#t i#terru!ts t$e ru##i#% o t$e

!eriod o !res"ri!tio#.

What is the effect of the dismissed of the complaint on the +round of the

plaintiffMs failure to prosecute on the runnin+ of the period of prescription!

T$e ee"t is t$at as i #o "om!lai#t was iled a#d it would re'ert &a"4 to

t$at time w$e# t$e "om!lai#t $as #ot yet &ee# iled.

+* Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


33/103

When is a complaint deemed filed!

A "om!lai#t is deemed iled o#ly u!o# !ayme#t o t$e ull do"4et ee

re%ardless o t$e a"tual date o ili#% i# "ourt. T$e "ourt a"Duires :urisdi"tio# o'er

t$e "ase o#ly u!o# !ayme#t o t$e ull do"4et ee. It is #ot sim!ly t$e ili#% o t$e

"om!lai#t or a!!ro!riate i#itiatory !leadi#% &ut t$e !ayme#t o t$e !res"ri&ed ee,

t$at 'est t$e trial "ourt wit$ :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e su&:e"t or #ature o t$e a"tio#.,/anchester s. 40 %' S4R0 2$3) ;$ere t$e i#itiatory !leadi#% is #ot

a""om!a#ied &y !ayme#t o t$e reDuired do"4et ee, t$e "ourt may, i# its

dis"retio#, allow t$e !ayme#t o t$e ee wit$i# a reaso#a&le time &ut i# #o "ase

&eyo#d t$e a!!li"a&le !res"ri!ti'e or re%leme#tary !eriod. T$e !res"ri!ti'e !eriod

s$all mea# t$e !eriod o !res"ri!tio# o t$e a"tio#. 1Suns 7nsurance s. 0suncion

%?( S4R0 2&-; Aote also that the circular of the S4 dated 0u+ust %2# -((' has

mandated the payment of fees een in compulsory counterclaims).

Recapitulation of the Rules of


34/103

Se". -, Rule + !ro'ides t$at o#ly #atural or :uridi"al !erso#s or e#tities

aut$ori?ed &y law may &e !arties i# a "i'il a"tio# w$et$er as !arty !lai#ti or

!arty dee#da#t.Aatural Persons:

a2 T$ose o le%al a%e a#d $a'e "a!a"ity to a"t. 1Art. +0 NCC2!ressly &y t$e state.

8ow may a mere association or +roup of persons sue or be sued!

A mere asso"iatio# or %rou! o !erso#s $a'i#% #o :uridi"al !erso#ality may

#ot sue u#der su"$ asso"iatio# 1&ut t$e mem&ers may sue i#di'idually2. T$is rule

may admit o some e>"e!tio#s, t$at is, w$e# t$ey are sued i# a "lass suit 1we willdis"uss later2 or u#der t$e "ommo# #ame t$ey $a'e re!rese#ted t$emsel'es.

Who is a real party5in5interest!A real !arty i# i#terest is a !arty w$o would &e &e#eited or i#:ured &y t$e

:ud%me#t i# a suit or is t$e !arty e#titled to t$e a'ails o t$e suit.It sim!ly mea#s

t$at t$e a"tio# must &e &rou%$t &y t$e !erso# w$o, &y su&sta#ti'e law, !ossesses

t$e ri%$t sou%$t to &e e#or"ed.,Tan s. 40# 1.R. Ao. %-??-%(# 0u+ust ?# -((3)

H and I are the heirs of H># who operates a restaurant business in "inondo. H>

leased a space in the buildin+ of 0"4 as eidenced by a contract of leasedsi+ned by 0"4 and H>. H> died. E and # the heirs of H> continued the

business of the late H>. Thereafter# 0"4 filed a suit for rescission of the

contract of lease. 0re E and considered real parties5in5interest defendants!

T$e a#swer is yes. Co#sideri#% t$at E a#d are t$e $eirs o Q a#d t$ey

"o#ti#ued t$e &usi#ess ater t$e deat$ o t$eir !rede"essor ma4es t$em real !artiesi# i#terest dee#da#ts. T$e a"t t$at t$ey are #ot si%#atories to t$e lease "o#tra"t is

#ot material to t$e issue. ,Sui /an s. 40# 1.R. Ao. %'?# eb. -?# -((')

What is meant by F7nterest or Real interestG!

It mea#s a !rese#t su&sta#tial i#terest or material i#terest a# i#terest i# issue

a#d to &e ae"ted &y t$e de"ree as disti#%uis$ed rom a mere e>!e"ta#"y or auture, "o#ti#%e#t, su&ordi#ate, i#"ide#tal or "o#seDue#tial i#terest. I#terest t$at is

&ased o# a mere e>!e"ta#"y is #ot t$e i#terest mea#t i# t$e rules. ,Tan s. 40#

1.R. Ao. %-??-%(# 0u+ust ?# -((3=


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aterial I#terest is t$e i#terest i# issue ,alle+ed in the pleadin+s5complaint

or answer)a#d to &e ae"ted &y t$e de"ree, as disti#%uis$ed rom mere i#terest i#

t$e Duestio# i#'ol'ed, or a mere i#"ide#tal i#terest. It is t$e i#terest o t$e !arty

t$at is !erso#al to t$e liti%a#t a#d #ot o#e &ased o# a desire to 'i#di"ate t$e

"o#stitutio#al ri%$t o some t$ird a#d u#related !arty.,Krti+as C 4ompany

Limited Partnership . 6elasco# -3' S4R0 '22#


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62 To dis"oura%e liti%atio# a#d 4ee! it wit$i# "ertai# &ou#ds, !ursua#t to sou#d

!u&li" !oli"y.

What is the effect when a suit is not prosecuted in the name of a real party in

interest!

;$e# t$e !lai#ti is #ot t$e real !arty i# i#terest, t$e "ase is dismissi&le o#t$e %rou#d o la"4 o "ause o a"tio#.,"P7 0/7LI S067A1S "0A# 7A4. s.

4KS4KLLJEL0# 1.R. Ao. %&??-'# -((& "e!tio# to t$is rule is w$e# t$e suit i#'ol'es

t$i#%s &elo#%i#% to t$e !ri#"i!al. ,Sec. 3# Rule 3)

Who is an indispensable party!

A# i#dis!e#sa&le !arty is a !arty w$o $as su"$ a# i#terest i# t$e

"o#tro'ersy or su&:e"t matter t$at a i#al ad:udi"atio# "a##ot &e made, i# $is

a&se#"e, wit$out i#:uri#% or ae"ti#% t$at i#terest.

A !arty w$o $as #ot o#ly a# i#terest i# t$e su&:e"t matter o t$e

"o#tro'ersy, &ut also $as a# i#terest o su"$ #ature t$at a i#al de"ree "a##ot &e

made wit$out ae"ti#% $is i#terest or lea'i#% t$e "o#tro'ersy i# su"$ a "o#ditio#t$at its i#al determi#atio# may &e w$olly i#"o#siste#t wit$ eDuity a#d %ood

"o#s"ie#"e.

A# i#dis!e#sa&le !arty is a !erso# i# w$ose a&se#"e t$ere "a# &e #o

determi#atio# &etwee# t$e !arties already &eore t$e "ourt w$i"$ is ee"ti'e,

"om!lete, or eDuita&le. He is o#e w$o must &e i#"luded i# a# a"tio# &eore it may!ro!erly %o orward.,0rcelona s. 40# -$( S4R0 -()Aote: This would also

answer the uery: 4ompulsory oinder of indispensable parties. Sec. ?# Rule 3.

I $is i#terest i# t$e "o#tro'ersy or su&:e"t matter is se!ara&le rom t$e i#terest o

t$e ot$er !arties, so t$at it will #ot #e"essarily &e dire"tly or i#:uriously ae"ted

&y a de"ree w$i"$ does "om!lete :usti"e &etwee# t$em, $e is NOT a#

IN9ISPENSABLE PARTY.

What are the reuisites of a class suit!

I# order t$at a "lass suit may !ros!er, t$e ollowi#% reDuisites must &e

!rese#te"utorye"utor or admi#istrator o $is estate may a!!ly or

a writ o e>e"utio# o t$e :ud%me#t. 1se". 0a, Rule +27. I it is t$e o&li%or w$o dies< t$e e>e"utio# o t$e :ud%me#t may &e dire"ted

a%ai#st t$e e>e"utor or admi#istrator o $is estate 1Se". 0&,Rule +2 i t$e

:ud%me#t is or re"o'ery o real !r !erso#al !ro!erty or t$e e#or"eme#t o

a lie#=

0. I t$e deat$ o t$e o&li%or o""urred ater le'y t$e au"tio# sale s$all !ro"eed=

). I deat$ o""urred &eore t$e re#ditio# o :ud%me#t, t$e "ase s$all &edismissed a#d t$e "laim s$all &e !rose"uted i# t$e estate !ro"eedi#% o t$e

de"eased dee#da#t.

&2 I# "ase t$e a"tio# does #ot sur'i'e, t$e same s$all &e dismissed.

When do we say that the action suries the death of the party!

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A# a"tio# is "o#sidered to sur'i'e t$e deat$ o a !arty to a# a"tio# w$e# t$e

a"tio# "a# &e !ursued a%ai#st t$e e>e"utor or admi#istrator o t$e estate o t$e

de"eased or w$e# it "a# &e !rose"uted a%ai#st su"$ estate.,Sec.%# Rule $?; Sec. 2#

Rule $2)

What actions may and may not# be prosecuted a+ainst the estate of a deceased!No a"tio# u!o# a "laim or t$e re"o'ery o mo#ey or de&t or i#terest

t$ereo# s$all &e "omme#"ed a%ai#st t$e e>e"utor or admi#istrator o t$e estate o a

de"eased !erso#. Howe'er, &ut a"tio#s to re"o'er real or !erso#al !ro!erty or o

a# i#terest t$erei#, rom t$e estate, or to e#or"e a lie# t$ereo#, a#d a"tio#s to

re"o'er dama%es or a# i#:ury to !erso# or !ro!erty, real or !erso#al, may &e

"omme#"ed a%ai#st said e>e"utor or admi#istrator.,Sec. %# Rule $?)

What actions may be brou+ht or defended by the executor or administrator of

the estate of a deceased!

T$e e>e"utor or admi#istrator may &ri#% or dee#d a"tio#s or t$e re"o'eryor !rote"tio# o t$e !ro!erty or ri%$ts o t$e de"eased, as well as "auses t$at

sur'i'e.

What is the effect of transfer of interest oer the property subect of the

liti+ation!

I t$e !ro!erty i# liti%atio# is sold !e#de#t elite, t$e seller remai#s to &e t$e

real !arty i# i#terest. T$e a"tio# may &e "o#ti#ued &y or a%ai#st t$e ori%i#al !arty.

Howe'er, t$e "ourt, u!o# motio#, dire"ts t$e tra#seree to &e i#stituted i# t$e

a"tio# or :oi#ed wit$ t$e ori%i#al !arty. 1Sec. %# Rule 3; 4ommodities Stora+e#

7nc. s. 40 1.R. %-2(($#


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A"tio#s ae"ti#% title to or !ossessio# o real !ro!erty, or i#terest t$erei#

s$all &e "omme#"ed a#d tried i# t$e !ro!er "ourt w$i"$ $as :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e

area w$erei# t$e real !ro!erty i#'ol'ed or a !ortio# t$ereo is situated. or"i&le

e#try a#d u#lawul detai#er "ases are to &e i#stituted a#d tried i# t$e mu#i"i!al

trial "ourt o t$e mu#i"i!ality or "ity w$ere t$e real !ro!erty i#'ol'ed or a !ortio#

t$ereo is situated. ,Sec. %# Rule ')

State the enue of personal actions.

A"tio#s ot$er t$a# real a"tio#s s$all &e i#stituted a#d tried i# t$e !ro!er

"ourt w$ere t$e !lai#ti or a#y o t$e !ri#"i!al !lai#tis reside or w$ere t$e

dee#da#t or a#y o t$e !ri#"i!al dee#da#ts reside, at t$e o!tio# o t$e !lai#ti.,Sec.-# Rule ')

State the enue of actions a+ainst non5resident defendant!

A"tio#s a%ai#st #o#@reside#t dee#da#ts s$all &e i#stituted a#d tried i# t$e

!ro!er "ourt o t$e !la"e w$ere t$e !lai#ti resides or w$ere t$e dee#da#t may &eou#d, at t$e o!tio# o t$e !lai#ti. ,Sec. -# Rule ')I a#y o t$e dee#da#ts does

#ot reside a#d is #ot ou#d i# t$e P$ili!!i#es, a#d t$e a"tio# ae"ts t$e !erso#al

status o t$e !lai#ti, or a#y !ro!erty o t$e dee#da#t lo"ated i# t$e P$ili!!i#es,t$e 'e#ue o t$e a"tio# s$all &e at t$e !la"e w$ere t$e !lai#ti resides or w$ere t$e

!ro!erty o dee#da#t is ou#d, at t"e ot#o+ o; t"e $a#+t#;;. ,Sec. 3# Rule ')

7s an a+reement as to enue conclusie on the parties!

A# a%reeme#t as to 'e#ue is #ot "o#"lusi'e a#d does #ot !re"lude t$e ili#%

o a# a"tio# i# t$e !la"e o t$e !artiesF reside#"e. T$e e>"e!tio# to t$e rule is t$at

w$e# it is "lear rom t$e e>!ress terms o t$e a%reeme#t t$at t$e !arties $a'esti!ulated t$at t$e a"tio# "a# &e iled ONLY i# t$e !la"e a%reed u!o#.

H and I entered into a contract of real estate mort+a+e oer a parcel of land

located in "a+uio 4ity to secure the fulfillment of a loan obli+ation. The real

estate mort+a+e contained a stipulation that the mort+a+ee may extra5udicially

foreclose the mort+a+e in case of breach. The contract of loan proided that any

action arisin+ from the loan obli+ation shall be exclusiely filed in the proper

court of La Jnion only. H failed to comply with the loan obli+ation. I extra5

udicially foreclosed the mort+a+e in "a+uio 4ity and thereafter applied for a

writ of possession with the RT4 of "a+uio. H opposed on the +round of

improper enue. Decide.

T$e o!!ositio# is wit$out merit. T$e e>tra@:udi"ial ore"lose sale s$all &e

%o'er#ed &y Se". *, A"t +-+( as ame#ded &y A"t 6--) w$i"$ !ro'ides t$at sale

"a##ot &e made le%ally outside o t$e !ro'i#"e i# w$i"$ t$e !ro!erty sold is

situated= a#d i# "ase t$e !la"e wit$i# said !ro'i#"e i# w$i"$ t$e sale s$all &e made

is t$e su&:e"t o sti!ulatio#, su"$ sale s$all &e made i# said !la"e or i# t$e

mu#i"i!al &uildi#% o t$e mu#i"i!ality i# w$i"$ t$e !ro!erty or !art t$ereo is

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situated. Here, t$e real !ro!erty su&:e"t o t$e sale is situated i# Ba%uio City. T$e

sti!ulatio# as to 'e#ue i# t$e !ri#"i!al "o#tra"t o loa# "a##ot o'erride t$e

!ro'isio# o A"t +-+( as ame#ded &y A"t 6--). ,Supena s. Dela Rosa 1.R. Ao.

RT


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What pleadin+s are allowed under the Rules of 4ourt!

T$e Pleadi#%s allowed &y t$e Rules o Court 1re%ular !ro"edure2 are t$e

"om!lai#t, a#swer, "ou#ter"laims "om!ulsory or !ermissi'e, +rd. 6t$. Party et".

"om!lai#ts, "om!lai#t i# i#ter'e#tio#, re!ly a#d t$e "ross@"laim. U#der t$e Rules

o# Summary Pro"edure o#ly t$e "om!lai#t, a#swer, "om!ulsory "ou#ter"laim,

"ross@"laim a#d re!ly are allowed !leadi#%s.

State the distinction between Pleadin+s and /otions.

A !leadi#% relates to t$e "ause o a"tio#, eit$er to su!!ort it or to deeat it,'% 0/"lusi'ely or

t$e mem&ers o t$e le%al !roessio#. Cou#sel may dele%ate t$e si%#i#% o a

!leadi#% to a#ot$er lawyer &ut "a##ot do so i# a'or o o#e w$o is #ot.,Republic

s. enric* Deelopment 7nc. 1.R. Ao. %'2? -((& 0u+ $# -nd Diision)

/ust all Pleadin+s be erified!

Ge#erally t$e 'erii"atio# o a !leadi#% is #ot #e"essary, e>"e!t w$e# t$ereis some s!e"ii" law or rule reDuiri#% a !arti"ular !leadi#% to &e 'eriied. U#der

t$e Rules o# Summary Pro"edure all t$e allowed !leadi#%s must &e 'eriied. (Sec.

'# Rule ?2 T$e !ur!ose o t$e 'erii"atio# o !leadi#%s is to i#sure %ood ait$ o#

t$e !art o t$e !leader. La"4 o 'erii"atio# is #ot :urisdi"tio#al &ut merely ormal.

/ay the court order the correction of a pleadin+ that is not erified!

T$e a#swer is yes. T$e "ourt may order t$e "orre"tio# o t$e !leadi#% i

'erii"atio# is la"4i#% or a"t o# t$e !leadi#% alt$ou%$ it is #ot 'eriied, i t$e

atte#di#% "ir"umsta#"es are su"$ t$at stri"t "om!lia#"e wit$ t$e rules may &e

dis!e#sed wit$ i# order t$at t$e e#ds o :usti"e may t$ere&y &e ser'ed.

16aldecantos s. People# 1.R. Ao. %'$$2-# -((& Sep -?# )

State the meanin+ and concept of orum shoppin+.

orum s$o!!i#% is t$e a"t o a !arty a%ai#st w$om a# ad'erse :ud%me#t $as

&ee# re#dered i# o#e orum, o see4i#% a#ot$er 1a#d !ossi&ly2 o!i#io# i# a#ot$er

orum ot$er t$a# &y a!!eal or t$e s!e"ial "i'il a"tio# o "ertiorari, or t$e i#stitutio#

o two or more a"tio#s or !ro"eedi#%s %rou#ded o# t$e same "ause o# t$e

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su!!ositio# t$at o#e or t$e ot$er "ourt mi%$t loo4 wit$ a'or u!o# t$e !arty.

(Repol s. 4K/ELE4# 1.R. Ao. %&%'%$# 0pril -$# -(('# '-$ S4R0 3-%)

What is the so5called F4ertificationG on orum Shoppin+!

T$is is a "ertii"atio# e>e"uted u#der oat$ &y a !arty ili#% a# i#itiatory

!leadi#% to "ertiy t$at t$ere is #ot !e#di#% a"tio# &etwee# t$e same !arties a#di#'ol'i#% t$e same issues i# a#ot$er orum. T$e rule a!!lies w$et$er t$e "ases are

!e#di#% &eore t$e "ourts or ot$er admi#istrati'e &odies.

Who must execute the certificate on non5forum shoppin+!

or a "ertii"atio# to &e 'alid t$e same must &e e>e"uted &y t$e !etitio#er

$imsel or t$e !ri#"i!al !arties. A lawyer or a !arty may e>e"ute t$e said

"ertii"ate !ro'ided $e is "lot$ed wit$ a s!e"ial !ower o attor#ey. Escorpi9o s.

Jniersity of "a+uio# 1R5%-%&-# 0pril 3(# %# 4ondo Trael s. Lalo 1.R.

Ao. %-2&?%#


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T$e test to determi#e w$et$er orum s$o!!i#% e>ist i# a "ase is w$et$er t$e

eleme#ts o litis !e#de#"ia or res :udi"ata are !rese#t i# t$e "ases. 1Phil. WomenMs

4hristian 4olle+e s. 0biertas# -- S4R0 ?$2)

What is the effect of failure to comply with the rule!

ailure to "om!ly wit$ t$e ore%oi#% reDuireme#ts s$all #ot &e "ura&le &ymere ame#dme#t o t$e "om!lai#t or ot$er i#itiatory !leadi#% &ut s$all &e "ause

or t$e dismissal o t$e "ase wit$out !re:udi"e, u#less ot$erwise !ro'ided, u!o#

motio# a#d ater $eari#%.

What is the effect of the Execution of false certification!

T$e su&missio# o a alse "ertii"atio# or #o#@"om!lia#"e wit$ a#y o t$e

u#derta4i#%s t$erei# s$all "o#stitute i#dire"t "o#tem!t o "ourt, wit$out !re:udi"e

to t$e "orres!o#di#% admi#istrati'e a#d "rimi#al a"tio#s.

I t$e a"ts o t$e !arty or $is "ou#sel "learly "o#stitute willul a#d deli&erate

orum s$o!!i#%, t$e same s$all &e %rou#d or summary dismissal o t$e "ase witpre$udicea#d s$all "o#stitute direct contempt, as well as a "ause or admi#istrati'e

sa#"tio#s. 11Phil. WomenMs 4hristian 4olle+e s. 0biertas# -- S4R0 ?$2)

Define 4omplaint and 0nswer.

T$e "om!lai#t is t$e !leadi#% alle%i#% t$e !lai#tiFs "ause or "auses o

a"tio#. ;$ile t$e a#swer is t$e !leadi#% i# w$i"$ t$e dee#di#% !arty sets ort$ $is

dee#se1s2

.

What are the *inds of defenses that may be interposed by a defendin+ party!

T$ese dee#ses may eit$er &e #e%ati'e dee#se or a# airmati'e dee#se. A#e%ati'e dee#se is t$e s!e"ii" de#ial o t$e material a"t or a"ts alle%ed i# t$e

!leadi#% o "laima#t esse#tial to $is "ause or "auses o a"tio#= w$ile a# airmati'e

dee#se is a# alle%atio# o a #ew matter w$i"$ w$ile $y!ot$eti"ally admitti#% t$e

material alle%atio#s i# t$e !leadi#% o t$e "laima#t, would #e'ert$eless !re'e#t or

&at re"o'ery &y $im. ,Sec. 3# C '# 2 Rule &)

What are the so5called Fultimate factsG to be stated in the complaint!

@ltimate factsare t$e esse#tial a"ts "o#stituti#% t$e !lai#tiFs "ause o

a"tio#. A a"t is "o#sidered esse#tial i it "a##ot &e stri"4e# out wit$out lea'i#% t$e

stateme#t o t$e "ause o a"tio# i#sui"ie#t.

What is the test of determinin+ the sufficiency of facts alle+ed in the complaint!

T$e test i# determi#i#% t$e sui"ie#"y o a"ts alle%ed i# a "om!lai#t

"o#stituti#% t$e "ause o a"tio# is w$et$er u!o# su"$ a"ts a 'alid :ud%me#t may

&e re#dered a%ai#st t$e dee#da#t.

8ow may two or more causes of action or defense be pleaded!



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T$ey may &e !leaded i# t$e alter#ati'e or $y!ot$eti"ally. T$e dee"t o a#y

"ause o a"tio# or dee#se would #ot re#der t$e e#tire !leadi#% i#sui"ie#t so lo#%

as a#y o t$e "auses o a"tio#s or dee#ses remai#i#% are still sui"ie#t. ,La

/allorca s. 40 e"utio#.

What is the effect when a party fails to contest an actionable document in the

manner proided by the rules!I# "ase o su"$ ailure, t$e ollowi#% s!e"ii" a"ts are deemed admittede"utio#

o a# a"tio#a&le do"ume#t or w$e# alle%atio#s o usury are i#ter!osed i# t$e

!leadi#% o t$e ad'erse !arty.

State the nature and concept of a third5party complaint.

It is a "laim t$at a dee#di#% !arty may, wit$ lea'e o "ourt, ile a%ai#st a!erso# #ot a !arty to t$e a"tio# or "o#tri&utio#, i#dem#ity, su&ro%atio# or a#y

ot$er relie i# res!e"t o $is o!!o#e#tFs "laim. T$e !ur!ose o a t$ird !arty

"om!lai#t is to e#a&le a dee#di#% !arty to o&tai# "o#tri&utio#, i#dem#ity,su&ro%atio# or ot$er relie rom a !erso# #ot a !arty to t$e a"tio#, it may !ro"eed

i#de!e#de#tly o t$e mai# a"tio#.

Suppose a ud+ment on the pleadin+s has been rendered by the court in the

main action# may the third party complaint still be prosecuted!

T$us, #otwit$sta#di#% t$e :ud%me#t o# t$e !leadi#%s i# t$e mai# a"tio# a

!arty "ould still !ro"eed wit$ t$e !rose"utio# o its t$ird !arty "om!lai#t. (Aarra. 40 1.R. %3?%2# Ao. %2# -(((*

/ay the court# in the main action# render ud+ment based on a motion for

summary ud+ment despite the pendency of a third5party complaint!

T$e a#swer is also yes. T$e reaso# &ei#% t$at t$e !lai#ti i# t$e mai#a"tio# is #ot i#terested i# t$e out"ome o t$e t$ird !arty "om!lai#t, t$e !ur!ose o

t$e latter "om!lai#t &ei#% or i#dem#ii"atio#, su&ro%atio#, et". (Aarra . 40 1.R.

%3?%2# Ao. %2# -(((*

What court has urisdiction oer the third5party complaint!

T$e t$ird@!arty "om!lai#t is &ut a "o#ti#uatio# o t$e mai# a"tio#, its!ur!ose &ei#% merely to see4 "o#tri&utio#, i#dem#ity, su&ro%atio# or a#y ot$er

relie, i# res!e"t o $is o!!o#e#ts "laim. (Rule Sec. %-*It is a# a#"illary suit

w$i"$ de!e#ds o# t$e :urisdi"tio# o t$e "ourt o'er t$e mai# a"tio#. Si#"e t$e trial

"ourt $ad a"Duired :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e "om!lai#t, it #e"essarily ollows t$at it

li4ewise a"Duires :urisdi"tio# o'er t$e t$ird@!arty "om!lai#t w$i"$ is &ut a#

i#"ide#t t$ereo.

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8ow may pleadin+s be amended!

Pleadi#%s may &e ame#ded &y addi#% or stri4i#% out a# alle%atio# or t$e

#ame o a#y !arty= or &y "orre"ti#% a mista4e i# t$e #ame o a !arty or a mista4e#

or i#adeDuate alle%atio# or des"ri!tio# i# a#y ot$er res!e"t. ,Sec. %# Rule %3)

Ame#dme#t, #ot dismissal, o t$e "om!lai#t is !ro!er to a'oid multi!li"ity o suits

,Eu+enio# Sr. s. 6ele9# %$2 S4R0 '-2).

What is the effect of the alid amendment of a pleadin+!

;$e# a !leadi#% is 'alidly ame#ded, t$e !rior or ori%i#al !leadi#% is

deemed a&a#do#ed a#d "eases to &e !art o t$e re"ord a#d t$e admissio#s t$erei#

#o lo#%er $a'e t$e "$ara"ter o a :udi"ial admissio#. ,Sec. '# rule %-)T$e "ase

sta#ds or trial o# t$e &asis o t$e ame#ded !leadi#%. A# ame#ded !leadi#%

su!ersedes t$e !leadi#% t$at it ame#ds &ut admissio#s i# su!erseded !leadi#%s

may &e !ro'ed &y e'ide#"e as e>tra:udi"ial admissio#s a%ai#st t$e !leader.

What is the effect of non5incorporation of alle+ations found in the ori+inalpleadin+!

Claims a#d dee#ses a#d ot$er alle%atio#s i#"luded i# ori%i#al &ut #ot

i#"or!orated i# t$e ame#ded !leadi#% are deemed wai'ed a#d a&a#do#ed.

When may a party amend a pleadin+ as a matter of ri+ht!

Ame#dme#ts o !leadi#%s may &e made o#"e as a matter o ri%$tisti#% "ause o a"tio#

,Won+ s. Iatco Phil ?%;Note i# letter 1e2 t$e "ause o a"tio# sou%$t to

&e ame#ded is a !re@mature or #o#@e>isti#% "ause o a"tio#. It does #ot

reer to a# im!ere"t "ause a"tio#. T$ere is a diere#"e &etwee# !remature

or #o#@e>iste#t "ause o a"tio# a#d im!ere"t "ause o a"tio#.

Distinctions between Aon5existent cause of action and imperfect cause of

action.

a2 No#@e>iste#t or !remature "ause o a"tio# reers to a situatio# w$ere #odeli"t or wro#% $as yet &ee# "ommitted &y t$e dee#da#t.,Limpan+co s.

/ercado)A# im!ere"t "ause o a"tio# reers to a situatio# w$ere a deli"t or

wro#% $as already &ee# "ommitted a#d alle%ed i# t$e "om!lai#t &ut t$e "ause oa"tio# is i#"om!lete ,0lto Surety s. 0+uilar*

&2 No#@e>iste#t or !remature "ause o a"tio# is #ot "ura&le &y ame#dme#t(S4r#0ao M#+#+0 vs. Harr#s 6@ P"#$. 88!2= w$ereas a# im!ere"t "ause o a"tio#

is "ura&le &y a suita&le ame#dme#t ater lea'e o "ourt $as &ee# %ra#ted (Raos

vs. #??o+, 65 P"#$. !58 a+/ A$to S4ret3 vs. A04#$ar*.

State the effect of amendment of pleadin+s on the Statute of Limitations. I t$e ame#dme#t i#trodu"es a #ew a#d diere#t "ause o a"tio#, t$e

statute o limitatio#s is i#terru!ted as to t$e #ew "ause o a"tio# o# t$e date o t$e

ili#% o t$e ame#dme#t !leadi#% (R43a+ vs. D#retor s4ra*.

I t$e ame#dme#t merely "om!letes a# im!ere"t "ause o a"tio#, t$e !lea

o t$e statute o limitatio#s relates &a"4 to t$e date o t$e ili#% o t$e ori%i#al!leadi#% ,Pantranco s. Philarmin+ $% Phil -?3; /ania+o s. /allari Kct. 3%#

%2&)

What is the so5called F0mendment to 4onform to EidenceG!

;$e# issues #ot raised i# t$e !leadi#%s are tried &y e>!ress or im!lied

"o#se#t o t$e !arties, t$ey s$all &e treated, i# all res!e"ts, as i t$ey $a'e &ee#raised i# t$e !leadi#%s. I# su"$ a "ase t$e "ourt may, u!o# motio# o a#y !arty or

at a#ytime, order t$e ame#dme#t o t$e !leadi#%s to "o#orm to t$e e'ide#"e.

Similarly, i e'ide#"e is o&:e"ted to at t$e trial o# t$e %rou#d t$at it is #ot i#"luded

i# t$e !leadi#%s, t$e "ourt may, i# t$e e>er"ise o its sou#d dis"retio#, still allow

a# ame#dme#t to "o#orm to t$e e'ide#"e w$e# t$e !rese#tatio# o t$e merits o

t$e a"tio# will &e su&ser'ed a#d t$e o&:e"ti#% !arty ails to satisy t$e "ourt t$at

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t$e admissio# o su"$ e'ide#"e will !re:udi"e $im i# mai#tai#i#% $is "ause o

a"tio# or dee#se. ,Sec. 2; Rule %(; P0L s. 40 Sept. %2# %3)

/ay the appellate court treat the pleadin+ as amended to conform to the

eidence althou+h the pleadin+s were actually not amended in the trial court!

T$e a#swer is yes. ;$ere t$ere is a 'aria#"e i# t$e dee#da#tFs !leadi#%s a#d t$ee'ide#"e addu"ed &y it at t$e trial, t$e Court may treat t$e !leadi#% as ame#ded to

"o#orm wit$ t$e e'ide#"e.,Iuseco s. 401. R. Ao. %3$($2# Ao. %%# -((')

?(. What are the scenarios enisioned by Section 2# Rule %( on amendment to

conform to the eidence!

T$e two s"e#arios e#'isio#ed &y t$e rule are"e!t w$i"$ t$e a#sweri#%

!arty $as already tra'ersed a#d :oi#ed t$e alle%atio#s i# t$e a#swer. ,Del "ros s.

704 %2 S4R0 233) ;$ere a# a#swer is reDuired &y t$e rules, a !arty may ile $is

a#swer to t$e su!!leme#tal "om!lai#t wit$i# -/ days rom #oti"e o t$e order

admitti#% t$e same, u#less a #ew !eriod is i>ed &y t$e "ourt. ,Section ?# Rule %%)

7s the filin+ of supplemental pleadin+s a matter of ri+ht or discretion!

T$e admissio# o su!!leme#tal !leadi#%s, i#"ludi#% su!!leme#tal

"om!lai#ts, does #ot arise as a matter o ri%$t o# t$e !leader, &ut remai#s i# t$e

sou#d dis"retio# o t$e "ourt, w$i"$ is well wit$i# its ri%$t to de#y t$e admissio#

o t$e !leadi#%. Se"tio# 7, Rule -/ o t$e -0 Rules o Ci'il Pro"edure,

(* Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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Within what time must a party file his responsie pleadin+!

A !arty must ile $is res!o#si'e !leadi#% wit$i# t$e !eriods !ro'ided or &y

law u#der t$e ollowi#% "ir"umsta#"esed &y t$e "ourts=

&2 A#swer o a dee#da#t orei%# !ri'ate :uridi"al e#tity @ w$e# ser'i"eo summo#s is made o# t$e %o'er#me#t oi"ial desi%#ated &y law,

a#swer to &e iled wit$i# !days rom re"ei!t o summo#s &y su"$

e#tity=

"2 A#swer to a# Ame#ded "om!lai#t @ i ame#ded as a matter o ri%$t,

8&days rom &ei#% ser'ed wit$ "o!y t$ereo= i ame#ded #ot as a

matter o ri%$t,8 days rom #oti"e o order admitti#% t$e same=

d2 A#swer to Cou#ter"laim, Cross"laim 3 8days rom ser'i"e o t$e

!leadi#%=

e2 A#swer to +rd!arty, 6t$!arty "om!lai#t, et" 3 8&days rom ser'i"e

o t$e !leadi#%=2 A#swer to ame#ded "ou#ter"laim, "ross"laim, +rd!arty or 6t$!arty

"om!lai#ts, et" 3 8& days rom re"ei!t o order admitti#% t$e

ame#ded !leadi#%=%2 A#swer to "om!lai#t@i#@i#ter'e#tio# 3 8&days rom re"ei!t o t$e

order admitti#% t$e "om!lai#t@i#@i#ter'e#tio#=

$2 Re!ly to a !leadi#% w$e# reDuired@ 8 days rom ser'i#% o t$e

!leadi#% to &e res!o#ded to.

0re there instances where no counterclaim# crossclaim or 3rdparty complaints

are allowed!T$e a#swer is yes. Su"$ !leadi#%s are #ot allowed i# e>!ro!riatio#

!ro"eedi#%s 1Se". +, Rule 702 or i# t$e !rose"utio# o t$e "i'il a"tio# arisi#% rom

t$e "rime 1Se". -, Rule ---2.

0re there instances where no counterclaim# crossclaim or 3rdparty complaints

are allowed!

T$e a#swer is yes. Su"$ !leadi#%s are #ot allowed i# e>!ro!riatio#

!ro"eedi#%s 1Se". +, Rule 702 or i# t$e !rose"utio# o t$e "i'il a"tio# arisi#% rom

t$e "rime 1Se". -, Rule ---2.

State the concept and nature of "ill of particulars.

It is a more dei#ite stateme#t o a#y matter w$i"$ is #ot a'erred wit$

sui"ie#t dei#ite#ess a#d !arti"ularity i# a !leadi#% so as to e#a&le t$e o!!osi#%

!arty to !re!are $is res!o#si'e !leadi#% or to !re!are or trial. It &e"omes !art o

t$e !leadi#% w$i"$ it su!!leme#ts a#d s$all &e %o'er#ed &y t$e law o# !leadi#%s

u!o# its admissio#. ,Section &)It may &e iled eit$er i# a se!arate or i# ame#ded

!leadi#% a#d ser'ed u!o# t$e ad'erse !arty. ,Section 3)

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What the effects of filin+ a /otion for "ill of Particulars!

T$e ili#% o a motio# or &ill o !arti"ulars stays t$e ru##i#% o t$e !eriod

or t$e ili#% o t$e res!o#si'e !leadi#%. A motio# or &ill o !arti"ulars may &e

iled &eore res!o#di#% to a !leadi#%. ;$e# #o res!o#si'e !leadi#% is reDuired or

allowed, t$e motio# or a &ill o !arti"ulars must &e iled wit$i# -/ days romser'i"e o t$e !leadi#% su&:e"t o t$e motio#.

Within what time must the moant for a bill of particulars file his responsie

pleadin+!

;$e# t$e !arty ordered to su&mit a &ill o !arti"ulars $as ser'ed t$e &ill o

!arti"ulars u!o# t$e mo'a#t, t$e later must ile $is res!o#si'e !leadi#% wit$i#

same !eriod reDuired &y t$e rules or ili#% su"$ res!o#si'e !leadi#% at t$e time o

t$e ili#% o t$e motio# or &ill o !arti"ulars. t$e same rule a!!lies w$e# t$e

motio# or &ill o !arti"ulars is de#ied &y t$e "ourt.

Within what time must a party file the bill of particulars when the motion is

+ranted by the court!

A !arty ordered to su&mit a &ill o !arti"ulars must o&ey t$e order o t$e"ourt wit$i# -/ days ater #oti"e o t$e order or wit$i# su"$ time as t$e "ourt may

i>.

What is the effect of refusal to comply with an order to submit bill of

particulars!

T$e "ourt may order t$e stri4i#% out o t$e !leadi#% to w$i"$ t$e motio#

was dire"ted or ma4e su"$ ot$er order as it deems :ust i t$e order or t$e illi#% oa &ill o !arti"ulars is diso&eyed.

0re the aboe principles on bill of particulars applicable to criminal actions!

T$e a#swer is yes. Se". , Rule --7 o t$e Re'ised Rules o# Crimi#al

Pro"edure !ro'ides


56/103

State the *inds of serice of pleadin+s and other papers.

Pleadi#%s a#d ot$er !a!ers may&e ser'ed &y"lude

t$e dee#da#t rom a#y i#terest i# t$e !ro!erty= a#d

&2 T$at su"$ a"tio# is a%ai#st a u#4#ow# dee#da#t= or w$ose w$erea&outs is

u#4#ow# a#d "a##ot &e as"ertai# &y dili%e#t i#Duiry= or w$e# t$e dee#da#t is a

#o#@reside#t w$o is #ot ou#d i# t$e P$ili!!i#es= or a reside#t o t$e P$ili!!i#es

&ut is tem!orarily out o t$e "ou#try. 1Se". -62

When extraterritorial serice of summons allowed!

E>traterritorial ser'i"e o summo#s may &e allowed wit$ lea'e o "ourt i#a#y o t$e ollowi#% i#sta#"estraterritorial ser'i"e o summo#s may &e ee"ted &ytra#eous "ir"umsta#"es is #ot allowed.,Euitable P47"an* s. Sta. Rosa /inin+# 1.R. Ao. %'322 /arch %2# -((')

State the elements of litis pendentia and res udicata as +rounds for motion to

dismiss.

T$e reDuisites o $#t#s e+/e+t#aare as ollows !arte o#

a""ou#t o t$e a&se#"e duri#% !re@trial o t$e "ou#sel.,Sections ' C 2# Rule %$;"aybay# et al s. 6erano# et al# 1.R. Ao. %&'3?2# -((& Kct %-)

State the nature of a dismissal of a case by reason of failure to prosecute.

T$e orders dismissi#% t$e "ase or ailure to !rose"ute are i#al orders,

&e"ause su"$ orders o dismissal o!erate as a :ud%me#t o# t$e merits. T$is

!ri#"i!le is #ow a# e>!ress !ro'isio# i# Se"tio# +, Rule -0 o t$e Rules o Court.

I, or #o :ustiia&le "ause, t$e !lai#ti ails to a!!ear o# t$e date o t$e!rese#tatio# o $is e'ide#"e i# "$ie o# t$e "om!lai#t, or to !rose"ute $is a"tio#

or a# u#reaso#a&le le#%t$ o time, or to "om!ly wit$ t$ese Rules or a#y order o

t$e "ourt, t$e "om!lai#t may &e dismissed u!o# motio# o t$e dee#da#t or u!o#t$e "ourtFs ow# motio#, wit$out !re:udi"e to t$e ri%$t o t$e dee#da#t to

!rose"ute $is "ou#ter"laim i# t$e same or i# a se!arate a"tio#. T$is dismissal s$all

$a'e t$e ee"t o ad:udi"atio# u!o# t$e merits, u#less ot$erwise de"lared &y t$e"ourt. ,Ioun+ s. Sy# Sept.- -((&)

What is the remedy of the party a++rieed by the issuance of such order!

It is irmly esta&lis$ed, a#d wit$ 'ery ew e>"e!tio#s, t$at t$e remedy

a%ai#st su"$ i#al order is a!!eal a#d #ot "ertiorari. T$e %e#eral rule is t$at a writ

o "ertiorari will #ot issue w$ere t$e remedy o a!!eal is a'aila&le to t$e a%%rie'ed!arty. T$e remedies o a!!eal i# t$e ordi#ary "ourse o law a#d t$at o "ertiorari

u#der Rule 7( are mutually e>"lusi'e a#d #ot alter#ati'e or "umulati'e. He#"e, t$e

s!e"ial "i'il a"tio# o "ertiorari u#der Rule 7( "a##ot &e a su&stitute or a# a!!eal

w$ere t$e latter remedy is a'aila&le. ,,Ioun+ s. Sy# Sept.- -((&)

Who has the duty to hae the case set for pre5trial after the last pleadin+ has

been filed!

It is t$e duty o t$e !lai#ti to mo'e e> !arte or t$e setti#% o t$e "ase or

!re@trial. Howe'er, i !lai#ti a#swers t$e dee#da#ts "ou#ter"laim, it will &e t$e

latters duty to set t$e !re@trial.

What is the effect of failure of a party to appear at pre5trial!T$e u#:ustiied ailure o !lai#ti to a!!ear s$all &e "ause or dismissal o

t$e a"tio#. T$e u#:ustiied #o#@a!!eara#"e o dee#da#t is "ause to allow !lai#ti

to !rese#t e'ide#"e e> !arte a#d t$e "ourt to re#der :ud%me#t o# &asis t$ereo.

Howe'er t$e a!!eara#"e o a re!rese#tati'e w$o a!!ears i# &e$al o a !arty ully

aut$ori?ed i# writi#% to e#ter i#to a# ami"a&le settleme#t, to su&mit to alter#ati'e

modes o dis!ute resolutio#, a#d to e#ter i#to sti!ulatio#s or admissio#s o a"ts

7) Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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a#d o do"ume#ts is #ot "o#sidered ailure to a!!ear.,Sec. 2# Rule %$#!ress i#stru"tio#

u!o# t$e "ou#sel or t$e latter to #otiy $is "lie#t. T$e "lie#t may deli'er to $is

"ou#sel a writte# aut$ority to re!rese#t $im duri#% t$e !re@trial. Ot$erwise t$e!arty may &e de"lared #o#@suited or t$e ot$er !arty e#titled to !rese#t e'ide#"e e>@

!arte. Note t$e rule o# de"laratio# o !arty as i# deault $as &ee# remo'ed rom

t$e #ew rules. ,1olden lame s. 40 0pril 3# %2)

Does the application of Sec. -# Rule %? and Sec. 2# Rule %$ contraene the rule

on due process!

T$e o!eratio# o t$e said rules may deeat t$e "ause o a"tio# or t$e dee#se

o t$e !arty w$o 'iolated t$e !ro"edural rule. Yet it "ould #ot &e said t$at a#y

resulta#t ad'erse :ud%me#t would "o#tra'e#e t$e due !ro"ess "lause. T$e !artiesare !resumed to $a'e 4#ow# t$e %o'er#i#% rules a#d t$e "o#seDue#"es or t$e

'iolatio# o su"$ rules.,Paredes s. 6erano# 1.R. Ao. %&'3?2# -((& Kct %-)

/ay the court motu proprio dismiss a case on the +round that the plaintiff failed

to prosecute his claim!

T$e a#swer is yes. T$e ailure o a !lai#ti to !rose"ute t$e a"tio# wit$outa#y :ustiia&le "ause wit$i# a reaso#a&le !eriod o time will %i'e rise to t$e

!resum!tio# t$at $e is #o lo#%er i#terested to o&tai# rom t$e "ourt t$e relie

!rayed or i# $is "om!lai#t= $e#"e, t$e "ourt is aut$ori?ed to order t$e dismissal o

t$e "om!lai#t o# its ow# motio# or o# motio# o t$e dee#da#ts. T$e !resum!tio#

is #ot, &y a#y mea#s, "o#"lusi'e &e"ause t$e !lai#ti, o# a motio# or

re"o#sideratio# o t$e order o dismissal, may alle%e a#d esta&lis$ a :ustiia&le"ause or su"$ ailure.,/alayan 7nsurance s. 7pil 7nternational 7nc.# 1.R. Ao. %'%$&(#-((& 0u+ 3%# 3rd Diision)

What the test to determine whether a plaintiff is +uilty of failin+ to prosecute a

claim to ustify dismissal of the complaint!



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71/103

T$e a#swer is yes. ;$e# a !leadi#% asserti#% a "laim states a "ommo#

"ause o a"tio# a%ai#st se'eral dee#di#% !arties, some o w$om a#swer a#d t$e

ot$ers ail to do so, t$e "ourt s$all try t$e "ase a%ai#st all u!o# t$e a#swers t$us

iled a#d re#der :ud%me#t u!o# t$e e'ide#"e !rese#ted.

7n case of default what is the extent of relie that may be awarded by the court!A :ud%me#t re#dered a%ai#st a !arty i# deault s$all #ot e>"eed t$e amou#t

or &e diere#t i# 4i#d rom t$at !rayed or. No u#liDuidated dama%es s$all &e

awarded..

When is default not allowed!

No deault is allowed i#ami#atio# or i# res!o#se to writte#

i#terro%atories.

Purpose of the rules on depositions and discoery.

T$e e'ide#t !ur!ose is to e#a&le t$e !arties, "o#siste#t wit$ re"o%#i?ed!ri'ile%es, to o&tai# t$e ullest !ossi&le 4#owled%e o t$e issues a#d a"ts &eore

"i'il trials a#d t$us !re'e#t t$at said trials are "arried o# i# t$e dar4. T$e 'arious

modes or i#strume#ts o dis"o'ery are mea#t to ser'e 1-2 as a de'i"e, alo#% wit$t$e !re@trial $eari#% u#der Rule */, to #arrow a#d "lariy t$e &asi" issues &etwee#

t$e !arties, a#d 1*2 as a de'i"e or as"ertai#i#% t$e a"ts relati'e to t$ose issues.

1P411 6S. T0ATK4K 1.R. Ao. ('?$# %% Ao -%# En "anc)

7s leae of court reuired of a party aailin+ of the rules on deposition and

discoery!

I# li#e wit$ t$e !ri#"i!le o li&eral treatme#t to t$e de!ositio#@dis"o'eryme"$a#ism, su"$ modes o dis"o'ery as 1a2 de!ositio#s 1w$et$er &y oral

e>ami#atio# or writte# i#terro%atories2 u#der Rule *6, 1&2 i#terro%atories to !arties

u#der Rule *(, a#d 1"2 reDuests or admissio#s u#der Rule *7, may &e a'ailed o

wit$out lea'e o "ourt, a#d %e#erally, wit$out "ourt i#ter'e#tio#. P411 6S.

T0ATK4K 1.R. Ao. ('?$# %% Ao -%# En "anc)

T$e Rules o Court e>!li"itly !ro'ide t$at lea'e o "ourt is #ot #e"essary to

a'ail o said modes o dis"o'ery ater a# a#swer to t$e "om!lai#t $as &ee# ser'ed.

It is o#ly w$e# a# a#swer $as #ot yet &ee# iled 1&ut ater :urisdi"tio# $as &ee#

o&tai#ed o'er t$e dee#da#t or !ro!erty su&:e"t o t$e a"tio#2 t$at !rior lea'e o

"ourt is #eeded to a'ail o t$ese modes o dis"o'ery, t$e reaso# &ei#% t$at at t$at

time t$e issues are #ot yet :oi#ed a#d t$e dis!uted a"ts are #ot "lear. 1P411 6S.

T0ATK4K 1.R. Ao. ('?$# %% Ao -%# En "anc)

When is leae of court necessary!

Lea'e o "ourt is reDuired as re%ards dis"o'ery &y 1a2 !rodu"tio# or

i#s!e"tio# o do"ume#ts or t$i#%s i# a""orda#"e wit$ Rule *0, or 1&2 !$ysi"al a#d

me#tal e>ami#atio# o !erso#s u#der Rule *), w$i"$ may &e %ra#ted u!o# due

0* Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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a!!li"atio# a#d a s$owi#% o due "ause. 1P411 6S. T0ATK4K 1.R. Ao. ('?$#

%% Ao -%# En "anc)

What is the sanction when a party refuses to comply with the reuest for

discoery!

T$e law im!oses serious sa#"tio#s o# t$e !arty w$o reuses to ma4esdis"o'ery, su"$ as dismissi#% t$e a"tio# or !ro"eedi#% or !art t$ereo, or re#deri#%

:ud%me#t &y deault a%ai#st t$e diso&edie#t !arty= "o#tem!t o "ourt, or arrest o

t$e !arty or a%e#t o t$e !arty= !ayme#t o t$e amou#t o reaso#a&le e>!e#ses

i#"urred i# o&tai#i#% a "ourt order to "om!el dis"o'ery= ta4i#% t$e matters

i#Duired i#to as esta&lis$ed i# a""orda#"e wit$ t$e "laim o t$e !arty see4i#%

dis"o'ery= reusal to allow t$e diso&edie#t !arty su!!ort or o!!ose desi%#ated

"laims or dee#ses= stri4i#% out !leadi#%s or !arts t$ereo= stayi#% urt$er

!ro"eedi#%s. 1P411 6S. T0ATK4K 1.R. Ao. ('?$# %% Ao -%# En "anc)

State some limitations to aailment of discoery procedure.;$e# it "a# &e s$ow# t$at t$e e>ami#atio# is &ei#% "o#du"ted i# &ad ait$

or i# su"$ a ma##er as to a##oy, em&arrass, or o!!ress t$e !erso# su&:e"t to t$e

i#Duiry. ore, w$e# it is s$ow# t$at t$e i#Duiry tou"$es u!o# t$e irrele'a#t ore#"roa"$es u!o# t$e re"o%#i?ed domai#s o !ri'ile%e "ommu#i"atio#.

When may obections to the admissibility of a deposition be made!

T$ey may &e made at t$e trial or $eari#%. Errors or irre%ularities o a#y

4i#ds w$i"$ mi%$t $a'e &ee# o&'iated i !rom!tly !rese#ted are deemed wai'ed

u#less t$ey $ad &ee# o&:e"ted to at t$e time o t$e de!ositio# ta4i#%.

What is letters ro+atory!

It is a# i#strume#t w$ere&y a orei%# "ourt is i#ormed o t$e !e#de#"y o a

"ase a#d is reDuested to "ause t$e ta4i#% o de!ositio#s o !erso#s wit$i# its

territory wit$ oer o# t$e !art o t$e reDuesti#% "ourt to do t$e same i# a similar

situatio#. t$is is %o'er#ed &y t$e !ri#"i!le o "omity.

"efore whom may the deposition be ta*en in forei+n countries!

It may &e ta4e# &eoreist, u!o# matter su&mitted to it i# a# a"tio# or

!ro"eedi#%.

Essential reuisites of a alid ud+ment.

T$e "ourt re#deri#% t$e :ud%me#t ater a 'alid $eari#%isti#% at t$e time o t$e irst motio# or #ew trial.

7s partial new trial allowed by the rules!

T$e a#swer is yes. ;$e# t$e %rou#d or #ew trial i#ter!osed &y t$e !arty

a!!ears to t$e "ourt t$at t$ey o#ly ae"t !art or less t$a# all t$e matters i#



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"o#tro'ersy, t$e "ourt may order a #ew trial or re"o#sideratio#o#ly as to t$e issues

raised i# t$e motio#. 1Se". 0, Rule +02

What is the effect of +rantin+ a partial new trial!

T$e "ourt may eit$ere"utio# o

t$e :ud%me#t. T$e !etitio#er is $owe'er, reDuired to !ost t$e reDuired &o#d i#

a'or o t$e ad'erse !arty.

or what is this bond responsible!T$e &o#d will &e made lia&le or t$e dama%es a#d "osts t$at may &e

awarded i# a'or o t$e ad'erse !arty. It does #ot o!erate to dis"$ar%e or

e>ti#%uis$ a#y lie# w$i"$ t$e ad'erse !arty $as a"Duired u!o# t$e !ro!erty o t $e

!etitio#er.4ompare and contrast /otion for Aew Trial with Relief from e"utory, it is

remo'ed rom t$e !ower or :urisdi"tio# o t$e Court w$i"$ re#dered it to urt$er

ame#d, mu"$ less re'o4e it 1TurDuie?a '. Her#a#do, 0 SCRA 6)+ -)/

)- Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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/ay the ud+ment that has become final be altered!

Ater t$e :ud%me#t $as &e"ome i#al, #o additio# "a# &e made t$ereto a#d

#ot$i#% "a# &e do#e t$erewit$ e>"e!t its e>e"utio#= ot$erwise, t$ere "a# &e #o e#d

to liti%atio#, t$us setti#% at #au%$t t$e mai# role o Courts o 5usti"e, w$i"$ is to

assist i# t$e e#or"eme#t o t$e rule o law a#d t$e mai#te#a#"e o !ea"e a#d

order, &y settli#% :usti"ia&le "o#tro'ersies wit$ i#ality. 1JUIBAL 's.UNIVERSITY O THE PHILIPPINES,G.R. No. -6)6(7, *//7 Se! -(.2

What is meant by final ud+ment! "y final order!

T$ere are two "o#"e!ts o i#ality o a i#al order or :ud%me#t, o#e, it is

"o#sidered i#al, wit$ res!e"t to t$e e+;orea?#$#t3 o t$e :ud%me#t or order a#d

i#al wit$ res!e"t to t$eaea$a?#$#t3 o t$e :ud%me#t or order.

rom the point of iew of enforceability, a i#al order or a i#al :ud%me#t is o#e

w$i"$ "a# already &e e#or"ed &e"ause t$e !eriod or a# a!!eal $as e>!ired a#d #o

a!!eal was i#ter!osed.

rom the point of iew of appealability#t$is sim!ly mea#s w$et$er or #ott$e order is a!!ealla&le or #ot.7n the case of interlocutory order, ater its

issua#"e, t$ere is still somet$i#% to &e do#e wit$ res!e"t to t$e merits o t$e "ase.

So, t$e order does #ot !ut a# e#d to a "ase. T$e order is #ot a!!ealla&le. A# orderde#yi#% t$e motio# to dismiss is a# i#terlo"utory order, $e#"e #ot a!!ealla&le. But

a# order %ra#ti#% a motio# to dismiss is i#al $e#"e a!!ealla&le.,Aote: Rule 3 spea*s of the finality of a final ud+ment or final order from the

PK7AT K 67EW K EAKR4E0"7L7TI)

What are the modes of execution of a final ud+ment or final order!

i#al :ud%me#t or order may &e e#or"ed i# eit$er o two ways4/0e+t*

ater t$e la!se o t$e i'e 1(2 years !eriod !ro'ided t$e at#o+ "as +ot resr#?e/.

Where is the enue of the action to reied ud+ment!

A# a"tio# to re'i'e a :ud%me#t is a !erso#al a"tio#. It is #ot a real a"tio#.

T$is &ei#% a !erso#al a"tio#, it will &e %o'er#ed &y Rule 6, t$e 'e#ue "ould &e t$e

reside#"e o t$e !lai#ti or t$e reside#"e o t$e dee#da#t at t$e o!tio# o t$e

!lai#ti.

What is the lifetime of a writ of execution issued by the court!

U#der t$enew rule, we #ow $a'e a lo#%er lietime o a writ o e>e"utio#. T$e

lietime "orres!o#ds to t$e !eriod wit$i# w$i"$ a :ud%me#t may &e e>e"uted &y

mere motio#.

It mea#s to say urt$er t$at duri#% t$is ;#ve-3ear er#o/, #o ot$er writ o

e>e"utio# is reDuired to &e issued. T$e s$eri "a# e#or"e t$at wit$i# t$is i'e@year

)* Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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!eriod or as lo#% as t$e :ud%me#t is #ot satisied wit$i# t$e (@year !eriod. T$e

ee"ti'ity o t$e writ o e>e"utio# is i'e 1(2 years.

What is a dormant ud+ment!

It is o#e w$i"$ $as #ot &ee# e#or"ed &y motio# wit$i# i'e 1(2 years rom

its e#try. It is redu"ed to a mere ri%$t o a"tio# i# a'or o t$e :ud%me#t "reditor. Itmay &e e#or"ed &y a"tio# 1re'i'al o :ud%me#t2

/ay the court order the execution of the ud+ment pendin+ appeal!

Se"tio# *, Rule + !ro'ides t$at t$e trial "ourt may, i# t$e e>er"ise o its

dis"retio#, order t$e e>e"utio# o t$e :ud%me#t !e#di#% a!!eal. Some aut$orities

say t$at t$ere must &e a s!e"ial reaso# or t$e %ra#ti#% o e>e"utio# !e#di#%

a!!eal. I# w$i"$ "ase, t$e order %ra#ti#% e>e"utio# !e#di#% a!!eal must state su"$

reaso# t$erei#.

What ud+ments are not stayed by appeal!5ud%me#ts i# a"tio#s or i#:u#"tio#, re"ei'ers$i! a""ou#ti#% a#d su!!ort

a#d su"$ ot$er :ud%me#t t$at are "o#sidered immediately e>e"utory "a##ot &e

stayed &y a!!eal. 1Se". 6, Rule +2

Effect of reersal of the ud+ment that was executed pendin+ appeal

I# "ase t$e e>e"uted :ud%me#t is !artly or w$olly re'ersed o# a!!eal, t$e

trial "ourt s$all issue orders o restitutio# or re!aratio# o dama%es as eDuity a#d

:usti"e may warra#t.1Se". (, Rule +2

What happens when a third party is affected by the implementation of a writ ofexecution!

T$e t$ird !arty s$all e>e"ute a# aida'it stati#% $is title or ri%$t to t$e

!ossessio# o t$e !ro!erty su&:e"t o t$e e>e"utio# a#d ser'e t$e same u!o# t$e

s$eri a#d t$e :ud%me#t "reditor. T$is aida'it is w$at we "all a t$ird !arty "laim

o ter"eria. I $is t$ird !arty "laim is de#ied, t$e t$ird !erso# may ile arei#'i#di"atory a"tio# a%ai#st t$e :ud%me#t "reditor or !ur"$aser= or a# a"tio# or

dama%es a%ai#st t$e i#dem#ity &o#d !osted &y t$e :ud%me#t "reditor.

Ri+ht of redemption in case the ud+ment is alidly executed

T$e :ud%me#t de&tor $as -* mo#t$s rom t$e re%istratio# o t$e "ertii"ate

o sale to e>er"ise $is ri%$t o redem!tio#. I redem!tio# is e>er"ised &y a#ot$er!erso#, su&seDue#t redem!tio# must &e do#e wit$i# 7/ days rom t$e last

redem!tio#. T$e mome#t redem!tio# is e>er"ised &y t$e &y :ud%me#t de&tor #o

urt$er redem!tio# is allowed.

Effect of a ud+ment or final order rendered by a court of the Philippines#

hain+ urisdiction to pronounce the ud+ment or final order# may be as follows:

)+ Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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Se". 60 o Rule + %rou!s i#to t$ree 1+2 t$e a"tio#s "o'ered, t$ey aree"utio#< T$is is also 4#ow# as i#al atta"$me#t &e"ause t$is

is %i'e# &y t$e "ourt to e#or"e or satisy a :ud%me#t t$at $as &e"ome

i#al a#d e>e"utory ,Sec. # Rule 3)

/ay a property already in custodia le+is by the subect of an order of

attachment!

T$e a#swer is yes. All t$at is #eeded to &e do#e w$e# !ro!erty su&:e"t o

t$e a!!li"atio# o a writ o atta"$me#t is i#custodia le"isis to $a'e a "o!y o t$e

writ o atta"$me#t iled wit$ t$e !ro!er "ourt or Duasi@:udi"ial a%e#"y $a'i#%

"ustody o t$e !ro!erty a#d #oti"e is ser'ed u!o# t$e "ustodia# o said !ro!erty.,Last para+raph Sec. ?# Rule 2?)

State the remedies of the defendant whose property was subect to attachment.

a) T$e dee#da#t may mo'e to dis"$ar%e t$e atta"$me#t &y !osti#% "as$

de!osit or a "ou#ter@&o#d to se"ure t$e !ayme#t o w$ate'er :ud%me#t

t$e !lai#ti may re"o'er i# t$e mai# or !ri#"i!al a"tio#. ,Sec. %-# Rule2?) I t$e atta"$me#t to &e dis"$ar%ed is wit$ res!e"t to a !arti"ular

!ro!erty, "ou#ter@&o#d or "as$ de!osit s$all &e eDual to t$e 'alue o t$e!ro!erty as determi#ed &y t$e "ourt= i# all ot$er "ases, amou#t o

"ou#ter@&o#d s$ould &e eDual to t$e amou#t i>ed i# t$e order o

atta"$me#t.

b) T$e dee#da#t may mo'e to Duas$ or dis"$ar%e t$e atta"$me#t o# t$e

%rou#d t$at t$e atta"$me#t was im!ro!erly or irre%ularly issued.

,postin+ of deposit or counter5bond is not necessary)c) A!!li"a#tFs &o#d is i#sui"ie#t or sureties ail to :ustiy=

d) Pro!erty atta"$ed is e>em!t rom e>e"utio#=e) 5ud%me#t is re#dered a%ai#st atta"$i#% !arty=

f) Atta"$me#t is e>"essi'e 3 dis"$ar%e is wit$ res!e"t to t$e e>"ess

State the purpose of the cash deposit or counter5bond.

)0 Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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T$e Cas$ de!osit or "ou#ter@&o#d s$all se"ure t$e !ayme#t o a#y

:ud%me#t t$at t$e atta"$i#% !arty may re"o'er.

State the procedure to be followed in case a third person lays a claim on the

property subect of the application.

T$e !ro"edure to &e ollowed s$all &e t$e same as t$at o a ter"eria i#e>e"utio# o :ud%me#t u#der Rule +. Aside rom ili#% a t$ird !arty "laim, t$e

t$ird !erso# may eit$er i#ter'e#e &y :oi#i#% t$e dee#da#t ,Rule %)i# t$e mai#

a"tio#, or ile a se!arate "i'il a"tio# a%ai#st t$e !lai#ti a#d t$e s$eri, or ile a

"om!lai#t or dama%es a%ai#st t$e &o#d iled &ut t$is a"tio# s$ould &e iled #ot

later t$a# o#e $u#dred twe#ty 1-*/2 days rom ili#% o t$e &o#d.

State the other instances where a defendant may recoer from the attachment

bond.

a* A dee#da#t w$o lost i# t$e mai# "ase may still "laim or dama%es o#

t$e atta"$me#t &o#d, i it is s$ow# t$at t$e !lai#ti raudule#tlyo&tai#ed t$e writ o atta"$me#t or t$at t$e writ was issued #ot o# a#y o

t$e %rou#ds e#umerated i# Se". -, Rule (0. ,"aron s. Daid# 2% Phil. %)

?* A dee#da#t w$o lost i# t$e mai# "ase &eore t$e trial "ourt &ut t$e:ud%me#t was re'ersed o# a!!eal, $e may "laim dama%es duri#% t$e

!e#de#"y o t$e a!!eal &y ili#% a# a!!li"atio# i# t$e a!!ellate "ourt

wit$ #oti"e to t$e !arty i# w$ose a'or t$e atta"$me#t was issued or $is

surety, &eore t$e :ud%me#t o t$e a!!ellate "ourt &e"omes e>e"utory.

T$e a!!ellate "ourt may allow t$e trial "ourt to de"ide t$e a!!li"atio#

or dama%es. ,Sec. -(# Rule 2?)

When to apply for dama+es a+ainst the attachment bond:

a. Beore trial=

&. Beore a!!eal is !ere"ted=

". Beore :ud%me#t &e"omes e>e"utory=

d. I# t$e a!!ellate "ourt or dama%es !e#di#% a!!eal, &eore :ud%me#t&e"omes e>e"utory.

AKTE:%n action to recover damages against t$e bondmust be commenced before t$e nality of t$e 'udgment(ot$erwise it is barred )Enrile vs! Capulong *ay +, +--./

0pplication for dischar+e, where filed:

A#y a!!li"atio# or t$e dis"$ar%e o a# atta"$me#t may o#ly &e iled wit$

t$e "ourt w$ere t$e a"tio# is !e#di#%.

When may an application for dischar+e be filed!

A#y a!!li"atio# or dis"$ar%e may &e iled e'e# &eore e#or"eme#t o t$ewrit so lo#% as t$ere $as &ee# a# order o atta"$me#t.

)) Co!yri%$t 8 *// Alredo R. Ce#te#o


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;$e# :ud%me#t i# t$e mai# "ase &e"omes i#al a#d e>e"utory, t$e sureties,

o# "ou#ter@&o#d to lit atta"$me#t, are "$ar%ed a#d "a# &e $eld lia&le or t$e

amou#t o :ud%me#t a#d "osts u!o# #oti"e a#d summary $eari#%.

7s there a need to first execute the ud+ment in the main case before a

proceedin+ can be had a+ainst the surety!

T$ere is #o #eed to irst e>e"ute :ud%me#t a%ai#st t$e :ud%me#t o&li%or

&eore !ro"eedi#% a%ai#st sureties. T$e !ro"eedi#% a%ai#st t$e surety isi#de!e#de#t o t$e :ud%me#t i# t$e mai# "ase.

/ay claims for dama+es a+ainst the bond be the subect of a separate action!

Claims or dama%es a%ai#st t$e &o#d "a##ot &e su&:e"t o i#de!e#de#ta"tio# e(ceptiste#"e o a# im!e#di#% i#:ury to &e !re'e#ti'e

&y t$e writ.,-$ 0m.

!arte. Neit$er may a "ourt issue a status Duo order i# lieu o TRO.Howe'er, t$e "ourt may issue e> !arte, a tem!orary restrai#i#% order w$i"$

s$all &e ee"ti'e o#ly or a# #o#@e>te#di&le !eriod o twe#ty 1*/2 days w$e# t$e

#o#@issua#"e o t$e i#:u#"tio# e> !arte would "ause %reat a#d irre!ara&le i#:ury to

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