Religion in the Colonies

Maryland

A royal charter wasA royal charter wasgranted to Georgegranted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Calvert, Lord Baltimore,Baltimore,in 1632.in 1632.

A proprietaryA proprietary colony colony created in 1634.created in 1634.

A healthier locationA healthier locationthan Jamestown.than Jamestown.

Tobacco would be the Tobacco would be the main crop.main crop.

His plan was to govern as an absentee His plan was to govern as an absentee proprietor in a feudal relationship.proprietor in a feudal relationship.

Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic relatives.relatives.

The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland

The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland

Baltimore permitted high degree of Baltimore permitted high degree of freedom of worship in order to prevent freedom of worship in order to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.Protestants.

High number of Protestants threatened High number of Protestants threatened because of overwhelming rights given to because of overwhelming rights given to Catholics.Catholics.

Toleration Act of 1649Toleration Act of 1649 Supported by the Catholics in MD.Supported by the Catholics in MD.

Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.

Decreed death to those who denied the Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].

In one way, it was less tolerant than In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!before the law was passed!!

A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics

MD Toleration Act, MD Toleration Act, 16491649MD Toleration Act, MD Toleration Act, 16491649

The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649

...whatsoever person or persons shall from ...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders...offender and offenders...

and if they could not pay, they were to be and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...." or grieved by such reproachful language...."

Massachusetts

Separatists

Separatists

vs. vs.

PuritansPuritans

PuritanismPuritanismCalvinism Institutes of the Christian Religion

Predestination.

•Good works could not save those predestined for hell.

•No one could be certain of their spiritual status.

•Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.”

Puritans:

Want to totally reform [purify] the Church of England.

Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.

Separatist Beliefs:Separatist Beliefs:

Puritans who believed only “visible Puritans who believed only “visible saints” [those who could saints” [those who could demonstrate in front of their fellow demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans their elect status] should be Puritans their elect status] should be admitted to church membership.admitted to church membership.

Because the Church of England Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, enrolled all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned.”churches with the “damned.”

Therefore, they believed in a total Therefore, they believed in a total break from the Church of England.break from the Church of England.

SeparatistsSeparatists

Sources of Puritan Migration

Sources of Puritan Migration

1620 1620 a group of 102 a group of 102 people [half Separatists] people [half Separatists]

Negotiated with theNegotiated with theVirginia Company to Virginia Company to settle in its settle in its jurisdiction.jurisdiction.

Non-Separatists Non-Separatists included Captain Myles included Captain Myles Standish.Standish.

Plymouth Bay way Plymouth Bay way outside the domain of the Virginia outside the domain of the Virginia Company.Company.

Became squatters without legal right to Became squatters without legal right to land & specific authority to establish a land & specific authority to establish a govt.govt.

The MayflowerThe Mayflower

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620Written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the ship.

Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule.

Signed by 41 adult males.

Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

Covenant TheologyCovenant Theology

“Covenant of Grace”: between Puritan communities

and God.

“Social Covenant”: Between members of Puritan

communities with each other.

Required mutual watchfulness.

No toleration of deviance or disorder.

No privacy.

That First Year….That First Year….Winter of 1620-1621

Only 44 out of the original 102 survived.

None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back.

Fall of 1621 First “Thanksgiving.”

Colony survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber.

Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant.

1691 only 7,000 people

Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony.

William BradfordWilliam Bradford

Self-taught scholar.

Chosen governor of Plymouth 30 times in yearly elections.

Worried about settlements of non-Puritans springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society.

PatriarchyPatriarchy

Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household.

Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.

Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”Young, popular minister in Young, popular minister in Salem.Salem.

Argued for a full break Argued for a full break with the Anglican Church.with the Anglican Church.

Condemned MA Bay Condemned MA Bay Charter.Charter.

• Did not give fair Did not give fair compensation to Indians.compensation to Indians.

Denied authority of civil Denied authority of civil govt. to regulate religious govt. to regulate religious behavior.behavior.

1635 1635 found guilty of preaching found guilty of preaching new & new & dangerous opinionsdangerous opinions and was exiled. and was exiled.

Roger Roger WilliamsWilliams

1636 1636 Roger Williams fled there. Roger Williams fled there.

MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him to England to prevent him from founding a to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony.competing colony.

Remarkable political freedom in Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RIProvidence, RI

• Universal manhood suffrage Universal manhood suffrage later later restricted by a property qualification.restricted by a property qualification.

• Opposed to special privilege of any kind Opposed to special privilege of any kind freedom of opportunity for all.freedom of opportunity for all.

RI becomes known as the “Sewer” RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters religious dissenters More liberal than More liberal than any other colony!any other colony!

Rhode IslandRhode Island

Intelligent, strong-Intelligent, strong-willed,willed,well-spoken woman.well-spoken woman.

Threatened Threatened patriarchal patriarchal control.control.

Antinomialism-Antinomialism-salvation can be salvation can be found within yourself, found within yourself, you do not have to you do not have to follow church rulesfollow church rules

Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”

AnneAnneHutchinsonHutchinson

1638 1638 she confounded the Puritan she confounded the Puritan leaders for days.leaders for days.

Eventually bragged that she had Eventually bragged that she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.

Puritan leaders banished her Puritan leaders banished her she & she & her family traveled to RI and later to NY.her family traveled to RI and later to NY.

She and all but one member of her family She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County.Westchester County.

John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

The QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.

They offended religious & secular leaders in England.

Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.

They met without paid clergy

Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.

Keep hats on.

Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.”

Wouldn’t take oaths.

Pacifists.

10 Minute Free Write

Include a thesis and vocabulary. Otherwise just write as much as you can.

Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this difference occur?