Reliability Issues
description
Transcript of Reliability Issues
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Reliability Issues
Mohammad Sharifkhani
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Reading
• Textbook I Chapter 18• Textbook I Chapter 20• The paper on SER
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Motivation
• There is a long distance from a chip working in a lab to a chip working in the field
• Reliability• Robustness• Fatigue • Many of the culprits are in rise as technology
scales
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Introduction
• Packaging• Electromigration• ESD Protection• SER Protection
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Chip Packaging
ChipL
L ´
Bonding wire
Mountingcavity
Leadframe
Pin
•Bond wires (~25m) are used to connect the package to the chip
• Pads are arranged in a frame around the chip
• Pads are relatively large (~100m in 0.25m technology),with large pitch (100m)
•Many chips areas are ‘pad limited’
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Pad FrameLayout Die Photo
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Chip Packaging• An alternative is ‘flip-chip’:– Pads are distributed around the chip– The soldering balls are placed on pads– The chip is ‘flipped’ onto the package– Can have many more pads
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Tristate Buffers
InEn
En
V DD
Out
Out = In.En + Z.En
V DD
In
En
EnOut
Increased output drive
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Electromigration• Current density (current per unit area)• A reliability issue creates problem over time– Due to transport of metal ions– AC signals will be fine
• Breaking or shorting to adjacent wire• Keeping current below 0.5 to 1mA/um relaxes the
problem– For DC wires (power/GND)
• IR Drop transient problem (peak current)• Electromigration DC problem (ave. current)• Using copper helps
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Electromigration (1)
Limits dc-current to 1 mA/m
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Electromigration (2)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
Which one fails?
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
Second breakdown of the path at a lower voltage than the second break-down of the ESD path
Second breakdown of the path at a higher voltage level than the second break-down of the ESD path
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
There are challenges as technology scales!
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
Design of ESD protection circuits:A glimpse!
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
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Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
• ESD protection is extremely important when dealing with high speed input output signals• I/O Capacitance
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Soft Error
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