Relevant activities in EMEP Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU) EMEP Monitoring programme Expansion to the...
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Transcript of Relevant activities in EMEP Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU) EMEP Monitoring programme Expansion to the...
Relevant activities in EMEP
Relevant activities in EMEP
Wenche AasEMEP/CCC (NILU)
• EMEP Monitoring programme
• Expansion to the EECCA region, HTAP
• QA/QC
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Monitoring programme/strategy:Level 1•Main ions in precipitation and in air •heavy metals in precipitations•ozone •PM10 and PM2.5 mass •meteorology
at ca 125 sites
Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW)• POPs• Heavy metals in air and aerosols• VOC• EC/OC, OC speciation• Mineral Dust• PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio
+ all level 1 activities
15-20 sitesBoth levels are mandatory by all Parties
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Challenges to implement the strategyChallenges to implement the strategy
Level 1 Some Parties have difficulties to find national
resources, most problems in Eastern Europe Many sites lack a few parameters to get a
complete measurement program of level 1
Level 2 POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention VOC receives little attention (but EU directive
addressing PAHs offers assistance) Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult.
It’s costly, and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Intercontinental transport of Hg
Total annual Hg deposition in the Northern
Hemisphere
Mercury deposition to Europe:contribution of continents of NH
4%12%
3%5%
15%
61%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Eur
ope
Asi
a
Am
eric
as
Nor
ther
nA
fric
a
Oce
ans
Sou
thH
emis
.
Tota
l Hg
depo
sitio
n, t/
y
NaturalAnthropogenic
POPs and O3 are also important topics in HTAP
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Current ”integration” initiatives
WMO-GAW SACs and WCCs EECCA region, monitoring capacity Capacity building and improvement in infrastructures Field data resources – meta data compilation (ACCENT) Quality assurance documentation archive (ACCENT) Initiatives towards “data flow harmonisation” Harmonisation of monitoring strategies should be
considered
HTAPHTAP
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
New EMEP sites in the EECCA regionNew EMEP sites in the EECCA region
MD: Leovo
KZ: Borovoye
GE: Abastumani
AR: Amberd
Support from:
CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
EECCA: East Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
CAPACT project (2004 –2007):CAPACT project (2004 –2007):
“Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia”
http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/
Objective
The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)
Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc).
Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal.
Improved national energy policies.
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Expectations, EECCA countries Expectations, EECCA countries
A very important region with very little monitoring today High emissions Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues Links EMEP and EANET
Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon.
Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e. from foreign aid money, EU,
UNECE.
Training and capacity building is necessary.
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
WMO
ICP
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Why QA/QC is vitalWhy QA/QC is vital
Comparable measurements needed to make regional and global assessments
Need methods that are easy to use, cheap and long lasting for trend analysis (changing methodology may affect the trend
A harmonisation of methodology has been developed during the last 30 years and are still developing
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
QA activities in EMEPQA activities in EMEP• Site characterization
• Documentation of methods and material -detection limits, precision, accuracy,-instructions for maintenance and calibration
• Manual and standard operating procedures (SOPs)
• Lab intercalibration
• Co-located experiments (field comparison)
• Training courses
• Data checking and validation-e.g calculate ion balance and time trends
• Flagging data
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Necessary national QA/QC activitiesNecessary national QA/QC activities Proper siting for representative measurements Use recommended field and lab methods
Follow QA/QC procedures in field and lab
Evaluate the data and flag or delete biased or erroneous data
Report data in proper format and meta data: information of methods detection limits Precisions siting information
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Plotting time trends
Plotting annual dataset
Plotting ion balance
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007http://www.nilu.no/trajectories/ All EANET sites is also included
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Field inter-comparisons, SO4 in air
Field inter-comparisons, SO4 in air
Estonia
Spain
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Zingst (DE09)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
julian day, 2000
gS
/m3
Filterpack
TCM
y = 0.87x + 0.34
R2 = 0.26
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
TCM
filt
erp
ack
Schauinsland (DE03)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
julian day, 2000
gS
/m3
Filterpack
TCM
y = 1.18x - 0.05
R2 = 0.87
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
TCM
filt
erp
ack
Comparison of SO2 measurements (filterpack vs. TCM) in GermanyComparison of SO2 measurements (filterpack vs. TCM) in Germany
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Summary of co-located SO2 measurementsSummary of co-located SO2 measurements
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Measurement and model intercomparisonMeasurement and model intercomparison
Cd in precip at FI17
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1990,Jan 1992,Jul 1995,Jan 1997,Jul 2000,Jan 2002,Jul
Mod
Obs??
NO
ES
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Lab intercomparisons annuallyLab intercomparisons annually
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
QA flags based on lab and field intercomp.QA flags based on lab and field intercomp.
qa flagg field lab qa flagg field lab qa flagg field qa flagg field lab qa flagg field labAT 22-- B - - - - - - - - - - - -CH 3200 B A 33-- B - - - - - - - - -CZ 12-- B - 0300 - A - - 00 - A --00 - ADE 0100 A A --00 - A 00-- A --00 - A --30 - BDK 0000 A A --00 - A 00-- A --00 - A --00 - AEE 1200 B A 6210 B A - - - - - - - -ES 32-- B -- 30-- B -- 00-- A - - - --20 - AFI 1010 A A - - - 00-- A --00 - A --00 - AFR 2003 B C - - 20-- BGB 1010 B A 5300 B A 00-- A - - - -HU - - - 1310 B A - - - - --40 - BIE 00-- A - 5000 B A - - - - - -LT 1000 B A 3200 B A 10-- B 1010 B A --00 ALV 5010 B A 0200 B A 22-- B 1030 B B 0210 A ANL 11-- B - 03-- - - 00-- A - - - -NO 0000 A A 0020 A A 00-- A --20 - A --00 - APL 0010 A A 4340 B B 01-- A --00 - A --01 - APL05 2000 B A 5200 B A 32-- B --10 - A --00 - ASE 0000 A A 1010 B A 00-- A --00 - A --00 - ASI 0031 A B --00 - A 20-- B --00 - A --00 - ASK --10 - A 5300 B A - - --00 - A - - -TR 0010 A A --00 - A - - --10 - A --20 - AYU - - - 53-- B - - - - - - -
SNH4SO2 NO2 SO4 SNO3
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Intercomparison between networksIntercomparison between networks
CAPMon / EMEP -2007
EANET / EMEP –2006
Global intercomparison:
lab WMO GAW PC
Field – nothing
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
NH4 Na
SO4
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
nm
ol/
m3 )
NILU
PCD
NO3
Field intercomparisons, EMEP -EANETField intercomparisons, EMEP -EANET
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
SummarySummary
Global and hemispheric issues are more and more important
Lack of sites and measurements in several parts of the world
Need for further harmonisation of methods
QA/QC activities across the different regional networks are necessary Initiative within the EU project ACCENT for a
common meeting this autumn/winter
Passive sampler and low cost denuder to be used in
monitoring
Passive sampler and low cost denuder to be used in
monitoring
Wenche AasEMEP/CCC (NILU)
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Passive samplersPassive samplersAdvantages Excellent for high spatial resolution Representativity studies Inexpensive Easy to use, and high flexibility No need for electricity nor a real station /site Long term exposure – E.g: cumulative uptake of
ozone to forest
Disadvantages Inaccurate compared to active sampler Long sampling time (episodes not detected) Should be checked against active sampler
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Passive samplers can be an alternative method in some casesPassive samplers can be an alternative method in some cases
From IVL, Sweden
SO2 will be better taken from filterpack
NH3 and HNO3 is good supplements to filterpack to correct for gas/particle distribution –low cost denuder even bettre alternative
Depending on purpose of monitoring:
NO2 and O3 may be replace active sampler
But for health warnings and assessment hourly data are needed
POPs – good alternative for spatial assessment
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
POP passive sampler campaignPOP passive sampler campaign
Selected POPs: PAHs PCBs, HCHs, HCB, “New” POPs (PBDEs)
Objectives:
•To gain new insight into the spatial patterns
•consistent sampling and analytical methodologies
•passive air samplers as a complementary measurements
•supporting model validation
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Passive samplers for POP- samplers developed that provide samplers developed that provide weekly, monthly or yearly time weekly, monthly or yearly time integrated air conc.integrated air conc.
Polyethylene
PUF
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
AccuracyAccuracyAccuracyAccuracy Passive samplers and active samplers
deployed at the same site/duration
Within a factor of 2 for various PAHs Including higher molecular weight compounds associated with particles…
0.01
0.1
1
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Active sampler based air concentration (ng m -3)
Pas
sive
sam
ple
r b
ased
air
con
cen
trat
ion
(n
g m
-3)
Bartkow et al 2004
Jaward et al 2004
x = y
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC , EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007
Nitrogen depositionNitrogen deposition NOx dry deposition relatively small
NH3 and HNO3 dry dep is important and it necessary to study the gas particle distribution between NO3 vs HNO3 and NH3 and NH3. Vd between gas an particle is very different
Filterpack method can be biased due to NH3NO3 evaporation from aerosol filet and/or HNO3 NH3 deposition on humid aerosol filter
Low cost denuder measurements is a good supplement/alternative – 1 month measurements