Reinventing India as Innovation Nation - NITI...
Transcript of Reinventing India as Innovation Nation - NITI...
Reinventing India as Innovation Nation
R. A. MashelkarChairman National Innovation Foundation
President – Global Research AllianceNational Research Professor
NITI AAYOG17 March 2017
GOI bringing Innovation from periphery to Centre Stage!
Changing Indian Policy Frameworks…
• 1958 – Science Policy Statement
• 1983 – Technology Policy Resolution
• 2003 – Science & Technology Policy
• 2011 – S&T & Innovation Policy
• 2016 – Atal Innovation Mission, Game Changing Innovation in Action…
‘’The time for incremental change is long over, the current age is one that
requires transformational change that comes only with drastic policy
reform’’
27 July 2016
PM’s Appeal for Game Changing
From Leap Frogging to Pole Vaulting!
• Mobile Telephones (Including Jio now..)
• Aadhar
• JAM
• Demonetisation
• Moving to paperless, cashless, presenceless society…
1
3
Total Innovation
Technological Innovation
Business Model
Innovation
Workflow Innovation
Organizational Innovation
Social Innovation
System Delivery
Innovation
Policy Innovation
MLM is not about …
Stripping products and services to make
them cheap, somehow
MLM is about ……
Giving High Quality at Affordable Prices!
Innovation’s Holy Grail - MLM
C. K. Prahalad
R. A. Mashelkar
Harvard Business Review- July, August 2010
Affordability Acceptability
Indian Model of Innovation
for Inclusive Growth
Accessibility
Anjani Mashelkar
Inclusive Innovation
Award
Can You Believe…
Rs 5 for an ECG Test?
Rs 10 for a Hemoglobin Test?
$1 for a Breast Cancer Screening?
Personal 12 Lead
ECG event monitor
Portable- Credit Card
Size
5 Rs - Cost per ECG!
Rs 5 Per Test ECG Device(Young Rahul Rastogi)
Download
the free
Mobile App
Touch
Sanket
with
thumbs
Get ECG and
interpretation
in Mobile app
in 15
seconds
Report/Trend
Sharing by
Email,
Whatsapp..
Sanket – Digital Cardiac Care Platform
Best Practice
Invasive with Needles
Cost per Test - Rs150
Next Practice
Non-Invasive, No Needles
Cost per Test - Rs 10
Rs 10 Non-invasive Hemoglobin Test!(Young Myshkin Ingawale)
Making High Technology Work for Everyone
High Technology
Photoplethysmography + Spectrophotometry+ Advanced Software for Photon Scattering
India’s ranking in breast cancer deaths globally
#1
Less than 1% are screened early
50% survival rate!
Startling Facts
$1 Breast Cancer Screening(Young Mihir Shah)
iBreastExam Low cost tactile sensor that
measures tissue stiffness difference in real-
time, non-invasively and without pain
Ultra Portable
Accurate
Minimal Training
Wireless
Cloud Connected
Instant Results
Pleasure:
When Ashok Jhunjhunwala
develops wireless local loop
technology!
Pain:
When his technology has to get
implemented in Brazil and
Madagascar before moving to
India!
Pleasure:
When a great leader in Indian
Science publishes some
breakthrough scientific results!
Pain:
A Japanese company takes
regular patents based on this
research!
Pleasure:
Indian pharma company invents a
new chemical entity for head &
neck cancer!
Pain:
It is forced to shift clinical
research to expensive US due to
the challenges with Indian
regulatory system!
Money into KnowledgeInnovation
FinancingKnowledge into Money
Research & Innovation
Money to Knowledge to Money
Indian
Innovation
Economy
Culture
Of Innovation
CriticalInnovation
Building
Blocks
Talent
Technology
Trust
Inclusive Growth Driver
Next Practice
Not
Best Practice
Inspiration
A World Class Indian Innovation Ecosystem
Discover Invent Make in India
New
Policies
Govt.
Society
Instns.
New Value
Systems
New
Structures
iPhone
manufactured in
China - 4.5 million
jobs
Apple profit - $350
per iPhone
Foxconn profit -
$10 per iPhone
2% Brawn - 98% Brain!
Make in India for the World
TAL celebrating
dispatch of 5,000th
Advanced
Composite Floor
Beam to Boeing for
787-10 Dreamliner
Aircraft
1165 R&D Centres by MNCs
928 MNCs
323,000 Scientists and Engineers
Bengaluru displaces Tokyo as the most preferred R&D
destination by MNCs (Capegemini study)
Moving from mere cost arbitrage to value arbitrage in cutting
edge technology
India’s Emergence as Global R&D Platform
Indian IQ capable of Generating IP!
Companies
Share of US Granted Patents
from Indian R&D Centre to the
overall Global Contribution in
%
2003
Share of US Granted Patents
Contribution from Indian R&D
Centre to the overall Global
Contribution in %
2013
Novell ≈ 4% 28%
Symantec Negligible 24%
Adobe Negligible 15%
Honeywell Negligible 11%
Oracle Negligible 10%
Texas Instruments ≈ 3% 9%
Cisco Negligible 5%
GE Bangalore R&D Centre’s share of the overall US granted patents
increased twelve folds in ten years from 1% (2003) to 12% (2013)
New Generation Thrombolytic Molecules IMTECH
License to Nostrum Pharma
US$ 150 million in
milestone payments
+ royalty
Natural
Streptokinase
2002
Clot Specific
Streptokinase
2009
Recombinant
Streptokinase
2006
Innovation moving from periphery to centrestage in Industry!
View from my personal lens as Chairman of-
• Reliance Innovation Council
• Thermax Innovation Council
• Marico Innovation Foundation
• KPIT Technology Innovation Council
• Persistence Innovation Council…
Buy
Make
Make to Buy better
Buy to Make better
Make it Together
What should be India’s Technology Strategy?
New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative(2000 –)
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• India’s biggest public private partnership in
technology
• Talent, Technology, Trust
• Grand Challenges seeking game changing solutions
leading to Affordable Excellence
• Bold financial instruments
• Not best practice but next practice!
DSK Mobilis selling in tens of
thousands only!
Not in Millions!
Public procurement support as
proposed in the Start-up India
Action Plan would have made a big
difference!
NMITLI driven Fuel Cell Program
PEMFC Ecosystem
Technology development
Vendor Development
Demonstration and on-field validation
in PPP mode
Fundamental research and
innovation
Roadmap:
Goal:
To achieve wide spread use of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel
Cells by making the technology affordable and accessible.
First ever PIL Membranes for Enhanced Proton Conductivity
• Breakthrough Patents
• 200% performance than commercial
benchmark PBI membranes
Anita et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 1444960
WO 2012/035556A1
Excellent membrane formability
Excellent strength
Reducing Capex: PEMFC stacks
INR 0.3 M /kWImported components
INR 0.15 M /kWIndigenized components
120183, 41%
8550, 3%
25566, 9%
11300, 4%
122226, 42%
5000, 1%
MEA material cost MEA conversion cost
Stack material cost Stack material conv cost
BoP material cost BoP assembly cost
3 KWe LT-PEMFC cost including BoP(performance improvement)
INR 0.10 M/kWImproved performance
Make in India: Total Indigenization
Components Vendor
Polymer-graphite composite plates M/s. Precision Tool Room and Molding House,
Pune
Membranes and membrane electrode assemblies CSIR spin-out (AMPS Innovations Pvt Ltd)
Machining of flow fields and other features on
BPP, machining of end plates, fixture for aligning
MEA components, current collector plates
M/s. Enson Gages and Tools Ltd, Nashik; M/s.
Gargi Systems, Pune; M/s. MDL Engineers,
Chennai; M/s. SAS Industries, Chennai; M/s.
Akash Industries, Chennai; M/s. Gayath
Industries, Chennai; M/s. Vijayalakshmi
industries, Chennai
Gaskets M/s. Shree Bhagwant Rubber Ind, Pune; M/s.
Ganesh Ram industries/Auro Sri Industries,
Chennai
BOP, Power Conditioning M/s. K-PAS Instronics Ltd., Chennai
Porous carbon papers M/s. HEG, Bhopal
Pt/C catalyst M/s. Procat Tech LLP, Mumbai
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Technology + Policy =
Global Business Leadership
• 400,000 towers with DG sets
• Operating Cost: USD 2 billion
• Environmental Cost: PM/noise
• PEMFCs: H2 (cylinders or Methanol
reforming)
• Higher (> 35%) efficiency; no
PM/noise/vibration
DG set
IITs - 4th largest producers ofUnicorn Startups
1.Stanford (51)
2.Harvard (37)
3.University of California (18)
4. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) (12)
5.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
6.University of Pennsylvania
7.University of Oxford
8.Tel Aviv University
9.Cornell
10.University of South Carolina
Everyone is Someone!
Democratisation of Innovation
Innovation by the people & for the People
India does not mean 1.30 bn mouths
India means 1.30 bn minds!
Innovation Led
Grassroots Entrepreneurship
Global Innovation Index
India vs China
2013 2014 2015 2016
Ra
nk
Year
20122011
62
66
76
81
6664
India
35 29 29
2529
34
China
What changed in 2016 for India?
Global R&D companies’ avg. expenditure (top 3) 20
Domestic market scale 3
Research talent in businesses 31
Industrial designs by origin 72
Additional Indicators introduced India’s Ranking
Graduates in Science & Engineering 8
Excerpt from the letter by
Dr Francis Gurry- DG, WIPO
“I share your view that non-technological innovations
play an important role in fostering productivity gains and
overall economic growth.
I agree that greater efforts to fill this gap would be
desirable, and we are closely monitoring the work of
international organizations that strive to make progress in
this area.”
So, what is India good at?
Indicators India Ranking
ICT services exports, % total trade 1
Domestic market scale, bn PPP$ 3
Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker,% 6
Graduates in Science and Engineering,% 8
Ease of protecting minority investors 8
And what can we do better?
Indicators India Ranking
Ease of starting a business 114
Ease of resolving insolvency 110
Ease of paying taxes 109
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 103
ICT access 108
Environmental performance 110
1. Provide data in which we provide zero data today – This is easy
2. Add indicators, which represent not only technological
innovation but also non-technological innovation (business
model, system delivery, workflow, process, policy, sharing, rapid
inclusion……..).
3. Improve performance in ranking in which we are low – This is
long term – but some possible in short term, e.g. ICT access.
Strategies for improving our GII ranking
Could we make 200 million illiterates literate in 5 years?
Yes! We have a breakthrough technology!
Computer Based Functional Literacy
Computer Based Functional Literacy
• Based on the theories of cognition, language
and communication
• Emphasizes on learning words rather than
alphabets
• Method focuses on reading
Parameter Conventional CBFL
Duration 200 hrs in 9-18 months 45 hrs in 3-4 months
Skills Required Professional Teachers Preraks: para-teachers
Dropout Rate High Low (10-12%)
Spoken and Visual Medium Not possible Possible
Disruptive Innovation Learning Alphabets Recognizing 596 Pictures
Cost High Fractional ($2)
Time for 90% literacy in India ~ 20 years 5 years
Computer Based Functional Literacy – 4X Faster
One MP-One Idea
• Every Member of Parliament will be ‘champion of innovation’ in
his/her constituency
• Individuals and organizations from every constituency will submit
their ideas
• An innovative public-private partnership model based on an
exciting auctions process to drive implementation
• Yearly competition for driving an innovation movement.
• Govt approval for spending MP-LAD funds obtained
• But…
Innovation Led Accelerated Inclusive Growth
Reinventing India as Innovation Nation
1. Everyone is Someone – Democratizing Innovation
2. Speed, Scale, Sustainability – Bold Policy Reforms
3. Affordable Excellence – Indian Inclusive Innovation Mission?
4. Talent, Technology, Trust – Startup Nation
5. Leap Frog to Pole Vault – Science 2.0, Education 3.0, Industry 4.0
1930-50
Individual
excellence
1950-70
Self
reliance
1970-90
Technology
denial driven
S&T
1990-2010
IP generation and
global competitiion
2010-30
Global S&T
leadership
Changing Face of STI in India