Rehabilitation; · Secretary for Home Affairs and the Financial Secretary), one official member and...

Rehabilitation; A Life's Work

By Harry Fang Sinyang with Lawrence feffery

# i £ * . 9 * m. * t H O N G KON G UNIVERSIT Y PRES S

HONG KONG UNIVERSITY PRESS

14/F Hing Wai Centre 7 Tin Wan Praya Road Aberdeen Hong Kong

© Hong Kong University Pres s 2002

ISBN 962 209 577 1

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C o n t e n t s

Foreword by T.L. Yang vi i

Introduction: A Moment In Time i x

Chapter One : Hairy Number Fou r 'Si Mao' 1

Chapter Two: My University Days 1 7

Chapter Three: A Growing Family and 3 4

Expanding Horizon s

Chapter Four : A Pioneering Spiri t 5 1

Chapter Five : Rehabilitation: Care and 6 9

Concern for the Patien t

Chapter Six : A Public Life 9 1

Chapter Seven : Returning to My Homeland 10 8

Chapter Eight : The Story of My Hotel in Beijing 13 8

Chapter Nine : The Handover 15 4

Chapter Ten: Looking Forward 16 4

Epilogue: A Diary of My Illness 17 2

Appendices 20 6

Index 21 7

C H A P T E R S I X

A Public Lif e

ne mornin g i n the sprin g of 1974 , I receive d a n urgent phon e call . I wa s

seeing a patient at the time. When I picked up the phone I immediately recognised th e voice o f Governor Murra y MacLehose . His voice was steady bu t grim . 'My daughte r ha s just ha d a n acciden t i n Scotland . She's paralysed . She' s also five month s pregnant . I need som e advice. Could you help me?'Within the hour I was at Government House .

The governor explained that his daughter's car had collided with a car driven by an American driving on the wrong side of the road. He went on t o giv e m e a mor e detaile d briefin g o f he r medica l histor y an d current condition . I told hi m tha t i t was very importan t tha t sh e b e admitted t o a rehabilitation centr e immediately . She would b e able to carry the baby to ful l ter m an d delive r i t by Caesarean section . I went on t o explai n tha t he r hom e woul d hav e t o b e modifie d t o sui t he r needs. I reassured th e governo r that , with the aid of a wheelchair, hi s daughter would be able to lead a near-normal life .

Happily, Sylvia , Governor MacLehose' s daughter , delivere d a health y baby and went on to lead a happy and productive life. In fact, as a result

A P u b l i c L i f e

of he r accident , sh e becam e a stron g an d effectiv e advocat e fo r th e disabled i n Scotland .

I'm sur e tha t m y appointmen t t o Legc o i n th e fal l o f 197 4 ha d something t o d o with the advic e I offered th e governor . I f nothing else , it mad e hi m awar e o f m e an d m y interest s an d expertise . I f th e Governor appointe d m e t o agitat e fo r change s i n th e health-car e system, I did no t disappoin t him . I introduced th e firs t polic y paper o n rehabilitation, Integrating the Disabled into the Community: A United Effort, in 1977. 1 was als o kee n t o se e some fundamenta l systemi c change s t o the whole health-care syste m in Hong Kong . My efforts i n that are a led to th e creatio n o f the Hospita l Authority i n 1990 .

Governor MacLehos e consulte d m e agai n whe n h e starte d t o experience almos t constan t pai n i n bot h hips . H e ha d develope d primary osteoarthriti s i n bot h hip s i n par t becaus e h e wa s a very tal l man wh o enjoye d walking . (Th e MacLehos e Trai l was inspire d b y th e governor's lon g walk s i n th e countryside. ) Hi s official dutie s als o exacerbate d hi s condition . . . 1 1 - 1 i Governor Murray MacLehose

As governor , h e wa s oblige d t o hos t presenting me with the innumerable cocktai l partie s an d receptions , a t CBE in 198 °-which h e remaine d standin g fo r lon g hour s a t a time . B y th e tim e th e governo r approache d me fo r treatment , hi s hip s wer e beyon d repair . The onl y solutio n wa s to hav e a tota l hi p replacement . I arranged fo r D r John Olde r t o perfor m th e operation . D r Olde r wa s a direc t discipl e o f Si r Joh n Charnle y o f Manchester . Si r Joh n ha d invented th e tota l hi p prosthesis . The operatio n wa s t o b e performe d at the Midhurs t Hospita l i n Essex .

I was i n the operatin g theatr e durin g th e operation . This was m y very special patien t an d I wante d t o mak e sur e everythin g wen t of f without a hitch .

The operatio n t o replac e bot h hip s too k severa l hours . Afte r th e operation, th e governo r wa s returne d t o hi s privat e room . Whe n h e woke from th e anaesthesia , he opened hi s eyes and saw me sitting at the end o f hi s bed . He sai d nothing . When h e woke a few hour s later , I was still there . H e looke d a t m e bu t sai d no t a word . Thre e day s passed .

R E H A B I L I T A T I O N : A Life' s Wor k

Finally, tentatively , th e governo r asked , 'Surely , Harry , you mus t hav e something on your mind?' I leapt at the opportunity, 'Yes, sir , I do. I need a piece of land and funds to build a rehabilitation centre on Hong Kong Island.' He said nothing. He closed his eyes and went back to sleep.

In time, we each returned to Hong Kong and the routine of our daily lives. And then one day I received a call from the governor's aide-de-camp. He said that the government was prepare d to grant us a piece of land in Sandy Bay and the funds t o build a rehabilitation centre on Hong Kong Island.

There was , however, one conditio n t o the grant . I would hav e to rais e twenty pe r cen t o f the cos t privately . This was not unusual . I t was the way most of the schools and hospitals were built. Being obliged to raise some o f the cos t make s everyon e a bit mor e carefu l abou t ho w thos e funds are spent. It also tests the resolve of the recipients. If you can't raise the money , then mayb e you don' t want i t badly enough—or nee d i t as much as you thought. Whatever the logic, it was a system that worked.

I had littl e difficulty raisin g the funds. Curiously , it was one of the few buildings or projects to which Governor MacLehose agreed to lend his name. It is now one of the best rehabilitation centre s in the Far East.

One o f the mos t importan t contribution s th e MacLehose Centr e ha s made ove r th e year s i s a s a trainin g centre . Thousand s o f Chines e health-care professional s fro m Hon g Kon g an d th e mainlan d hav e passed throug h it s doors . Currently, i t is recognised a s the appointe d centre of excellence of the World Health Organization .

Life in the Legislative Council

I joine d th e Legislativ e Counci l i n 1974 . A t tha t time , Legc o wa s composed o f th e Governor , fou r ex-offici o member s (th e Colonia l Secretary, the Attorney-General, the Secretary for Home Affairs an d th e Financial Secretary), ten official members and fifteen unofficial members .

During my time on Legco, I was joine d by seven distinguished citizens . We all came from differen t profession s o r interest groups: Lydia Dun n was a director o f the British trading house Swire ; Lo Tak-shing was a senior partner in a law firm; Francis Tien was a n industrialist; Ko Siu-wah


Speaking at the Legislative Council before acting governor the Honourable David Akers-Jones.

was the chief executive of the YWCA; Wong Luen was a bus inspector; Alex Wu was a publisher; and Henry Hu was a barrister. Henry Hu was also head of a tertiary learning institution .

I join the inner cabinet

In 1978, four years after m y appointment to the Legislative Council , I was appointe d t o th e Executiv e Council . Th e governor' s closes t advisors—or inne r cabinet—wer e th e Executiv e Council . Th e Executive Counci l was the highest-leve l polic y maker i n the colonia l system. It was composed o f five ex-officio member s (th e Commande r British Forces , th e Colonia l Secretary , th e Attorney-General , th e Secretary fo r Hom e Affairs an d th e Financia l Secretary) , one officia l member and nine unofficia l members . My fellow unofficia l member s included Si r Yuet-keun g Kan , Si r Sidne y Gordon , Si r Sze-yue n Chung, Oswal d Victo r Cheung , Joh n Bremridge , Roge r Lobo , Li Fook-wo an d Michae l Sandberg . We were obliged t o declare al l of our interest s and take a vow of secrecy. I can say that i n my five years of servic e o n th e Executiv e Council , th e governo r di d no t onc e ac t against the advice of the council .

The first direc t election s fo r seat s i n th e Legislativ e Counci l di d no t occur unti l 1985 . Afte r th e elections , ther e wer e eleve n officia l members (including four ex-officio) , and forty-six unofficia l members .


Of th e unofficia l members , twenty-tw o wer e appointe d b y th e Governor, twelve were elected from functional constituencies , one was elected from amon g member s o f the Urba n Council , one was elected from amon g member s o f the Regiona l Council , and te n were electe d by an electoral college made up of members o f all district boards .

These were boom years for Hong Kong. Throughout th e next decade, we experienced double-digi t economic growth. The government could afford t o introduc e massiv e housin g projects , nin e ful l year s o f fre e education, the Mass Transit Railway (MTR), and a huge rehabilitatio n program for the disabled an d the disadvantaged .

Hong Kon g really started t o move onto th e world stag e in the 1970s . We ha d ou r first majo r stoc k marke t crash—an d survived . We als o survived th e passin g o f Mao Zedon g an d Zho u Enlai . Their passin g was no t unexpected . Th e successio n was . For a tim e i t looke d a s if China might end up being run by Mao's widow, Jiang Qing, and a few of he r cronies—th e infamou s 'Gan g o f Four. ' Fortunately , thei r reig n did no t las t very long. The ma n who emerge d fro m th e shadow s was Deng Xiaoping . He was alread y i n hi s lat e sixtie s an d smoke d lik e a chimney. Would h e liv e lon g enoug h t o consolidat e hi s powe r an d initiate the reforms h e proposed? We had reason to be worried i n the 1970s. It was certainly a very interesting time to be in government .

Fortunately, w e ha d a stron g an d confiden t governor . Si r Murra y MacLehose serve d a s governor o f Hon g Kon g from Novembe r 197 1 until May 1982. He was the first Hong Kong governor appointed fro m the Britis h diplomati c corps— a clea r signa l o f Britain' s concer n ove r Hong Kong's future. MacLehose made a number o f critical decisions, such a s creatin g th e Independen t Commissio n Agains t Corruptio n (ICAC), which reinforced th e purpose and integrity of our government and th e judiciary . W e neede d toug h actio n t o addres s toug h problems—and we got it.

The Independent Commission Against Corruption

Throughout th e sixtie s and seventie s Hong Kong experienced bot h a rapid populatio n growt h an d a rapidly expandin g economy . The ga p


between th e ric h an d th e poo r grew . This wa s fertil e groun d fo r th e development o f an underground economy . Citizens were forced t o pay 'tea money, ' o r 'blac k money, ' t o arrang e fo r man y essentia l services . There were incident s o f ambulance attendant s demandin g te a mone y before taking a patient to the hospital. Some hospital attendants asked for tip s before givin g patients a bedpan o r a glass o f water. I t was no t uncommon t o pa y bribe s t o official s fo r application s fo r publi c housing, school s an d othe r publi c services . Corrupt polic e protecte d vice, gambling and drug activities.

In th e 1970s , polic e officers , an d th e ran k an d file were ver y poorl y paid. They also came to the job with a relatively low level of education. They wer e s o poorl y pai d tha t i t was difficul t fo r the m not to tak e a bribe. On e cas e i n particula r brough t th e world' s attentio n t o ou r problems wit h corruption . A numbe r o f senio r polic e officer s wer e implicated i n briber y involvin g hug e amount s o f money . Superintendent Pete r Godber was the best known of the group.

The attorney-genera l ha d release d Godbe r fro m custod y an d give n him on e wee k t o explai n th e sourc e o f hi s considerabl e wealth . Somehow, Superintenden t Godbe r was able to sli p ou t o f the colon y undetected. Ther e wa s a tremendou s publi c outcry . Student s hel d demonstrations an d confidence i n the government evaporated .

A Commission o f Inquiry into Godber' s escap e released a report tha t argued fo r a n anti-corruptio n offic e separat e fro m th e polic e force . Governor MacLehos e propose d a n independen t anti-corruptio n organization in a speech to Legco in October 1973 , saying 'I think the situation calls for an organization, led by men of high rank and status, which ca n devot e it s whol e tim e t o th e eradicatio n o f thi s evil ; a further an d conclusiv e argumen t i s tha t publi c confidenc e i s ver y much involved. '

The Independen t Commissio n Agains t Corruptio n (ICAC ) wa s established in February 1974. The first task of the newly formed ICA C was to bring Godber to justice. The ex-superintenden t wa s extradited from Englan d t o stan d trial . He was found guilt y of acceptin g bribe s and was sentenced to four years in prison.

Jack Cate r wa s appointe d th e first commissione r o f th e ICAC . John


Prendergast wa s appointe d th e commissioner' s deput y an d operation s director. (John Prendergas t ha d been sen t out to do the job b y Scotlan d Yard.) Th e ICA C develope d a three-pronge d approac h i n it s wa r against corruption . Ther e wa s a departmen t o f Operations , a department dedicate d t o Corruptio n Preventio n an d a departmen t o f Community Relations .

In it s first yea r o f operation , th e ICA C investigate d som e 8,00 0 complaints. Unfortunately , forty-tw o pe r cen t o f th e investigation s conducted b y th e ICA C i n 197 5 involve d th e polic e force . Tensio n grew betwee n th e forc e an d th e ICAC . Members o f the polic e fel t tha t they wer e bein g unfairl y targeted . Ther e wer e demonstration s an d confrontations. Finally , i n Novembe r 1977 , Governo r MacLehos e announced a 'partial amnesty. '

The amnest y mean t tha t th e ICA C woul d no t pursu e complaint s o f corruption tha t ha d occurre d prio r t o January 1 , 1977 . It was receive d with mixe d emotions . Nevertheless , i t restore d th e relationshi p between th e ICA C an d th e constabulary .

Public housing

Public housin g ha d bee n on e o f th e primar y concern s o f th e government sinc e th e en d o f the war . Many refugee s live d i n hut s o n hillsides scattere d aroun d th e colony . I n 1955 , there wa s a larg e fir e

Squatter huts in the 1950s


at on e o f thes e squatte r site s nea r She k Ki p Mei . Th e fire , an d th e conditions unde r whic h s o man y live d i n thes e squatte r sites , prompted th e governmen t t o develo p th e firs t large-scal e resettlement housing .

These housin g block s were fairly crude compare d t o today's standards . They wer e si x storie s hig h an d buil t aroun d a centra l courtyard . Th e residents share d kitche n an d washroo m facilities .

In th e 1960s , the governmen t establishe d th e Housin g Authorit y an d the Housin g Society . Thes e quasi-governmen t department s oversa w the constructio n o f mor e comfortabl e multi-store y housin g block s a t Java Stree t i n Nort h Point , H o Ma n Ti n an d Ta i Hang Road .

By 1972 , 1. 6 millio n peopl e wer e house d a t lo w rent s i n governmen t housing estates . Another 300,00 0 peopl e stil l lived i n squatte r hut s o r temporary shelters . Man y o f th e resettlemen t estate s suffere d fro m overcrowding. Governo r MacLehos e believe d tha t th e housin g issu e was th e greates t sourc e o f ongoin g friction betwee n th e governmen t and the general population. To ease this friction, Governo r MacLehos e drew u p a ten-yea r pla n t o eliminat e bot h th e squatte r site s an d general overcrowding .

This wa s a critica l chang e i n thinking . Instea d o f providing shelte r fo r refugees, th e tas k wa s t o provid e accommodatio n fo r residents . Markets, schools an d communit y hall s were constructe d alongsid e th e housing estates—creatin g miniatur e satellit e cities .

Integrating the Disabled into the Community: A United Effort

On Octobe r 13,1976 , we tabled a Green Paper in the Legislative Counci l called The Further Development of Rehabilitation Services in Hong Kong. A

Green Pape r i s a proposa l fo r ne w legislation . I n Hon g Kong , i t i s a document wit h a green cover . The gree n colou r i s meant t o signif y tha t the legislation i s 'in development. ' The Gree n Pape r i s circulated amon g all interested parties . Legislators an d othe r intereste d partie s ca n debat e the issue s outline d i n th e Gree n Pape r insid e o r outsid e th e assembly . Several Green Paper s can be issued o n the same subject . After a suitable period o f debate , the Gree n Pape r i s edited an d reassemble d a s a 'White


Paper.' The purpose of the editing is to reflect the changes the paper has undergone a s a resul t o f debate . When al l th e idea s ar e sufficientl y 'mature,' the government issue s a 'White Paper, ' i n a white cover . This document i s then placed before the Legislative Council for a vote.

It too k almos t a year fo r th e Gree n Paper , The Further Development of Rehabilitation Services in Hong Kong, to becom e th e Whit e Paper , Integrating the Disabled into the Community: A United Effort. Th e Whit e Paper was released in October 1977 . Essentially, it outlined the course of action that the government proposed to take in order to address the needs o f the disable d i n the decade from 197 6 unti l 1986 . The pape r proposed thre e major objectives :

1. The establishment o f a statutory co-ordinating body .

2. The adoption o f a ten-year programme plan .

3. The appointment o f a Commissioner fo r Rehabilitation .

Over th e years , th e amoun t o f mone y th e governmen t ha s contributed t o the care , treatment an d education o f disabled peopl e has grown tremendously. I t has also been spent more wisely. Before the firs t governmen t pape r o n th e disable d wa s publishe d i n 1977 , Integrating the Disabled into the Community: A United Effort, there were no accurat e record s o f exactl y ho w man y disable d peopl e ther e were i n Hon g Kong . No r di d w e kno w ho w differen t disabilitie s were distribute d throughou t th e population . Th e record s take n prior t o 197 7 wer e gathere d togethe r b y volunteer s an d participation wa s on a voluntary basis . Many families wit h disable d children di d no t wan t t o participate .

More than anything, the 1977 paper signalled the government's serious commitment t o addressin g th e problem s o f th e disabled . I t becam e imperative therefore tha t a registry of the disabled be established. How else would th e governmen t kno w ho w much mone y t o spen d o n th e deaf or the blind? It was critical that government funding be distributed evenly and fairly amongst the different disabilit y groups.

In 1978, the government's first serious attempt at assembling a registry produced thes e results:


Profoundly deaf :

Partially deaf:

The blind :

3,500

15,000

7,500

101

Psychiatric impairment: 17,00 0

Severely mentally retarded: 3,50 0

Moderately mentally retarded: 12,60 0

Mildly mentally retarded: 65,00 0

Seriously physically handicapped: 15,00 0

However inaccurate these numbers may be, the message they deliver is that the needs of the disabled ar e multiple and varied.

The government' s first Whit e Pape r wa s a n attemp t t o describ e th e conditions o f th e disabled—a s fa r a s the y kne w the m t o be—an d propose a series of programmes and facilities to address these conditions over the long term. At best, they were trying to describe the shape of the iceberg below the water-line. All they really knew was that it was big.

Of course, all these assumptions were aimed at determining how much money th e governmen t shoul d b e spendin g t o addres s th e need s o f these citizens . Secondarily , b y understandin g th e make-u p o f thi s group, the governmen t migh t b e able to put in place preventative programmes to slo w th e growt h o f a particula r group. I f th e numbe r o f disable d children bega n t o gro w becaus e o f polio, the governmen t coul d institut e an aggressiv e campaig n t o inoculat e all the children in the colony.

The objectiv e o f the White Paper was, 'To provid e suc h comprehensiv e rehabilitation service s as are necessary to enabl e disable d person s t o develo p their physical , menta l an d socia l capabilities t o the fulles t exten t whic h their disabilities permit. '

Rehabilitation in action


A coordinatin g committe e wa s establishe d t o overse e th e implementation o f th e Whit e Paper . On e o f th e mos t interestin g aspects o f th e wor k o f th e coordinatin g committe e wa s prevention. Man y disabilitie s ar e congenital . Families carryin g th e gene fo r certai n disabilitie s ca n choos e t o adop t rathe r tha n hav e a chil d o f thei r own . An d early detectio n an d treatment—i n th e womb—or withi n day s o f birth , ca n reduc e o r minimiz e th e nee d for rehabilitation .

I was very honoured to be appointed the chairman of the coordinating committee—a positio n I held for ten years. I must say that these were the happiest and most rewarding years of my life. I had the support of an official committe e for the disabled and a senior government office r to se e th e implementation . W e wer e abl e t o mak e a tremendou s amount o f progress during these years.

In th e Whit e Paper , w e note d tha t ther e wa s alread y a soun d basi c infrastructure o f rehabilitation service s in Hong Kong . Many of these existing services had long-term developmen t plan s in place. But there was n o developmen t pla n i n plac e tha t include d al l th e differen t services.

Much o f th e documen t focuse d o n a n improvemen t o f th e coordination between everyone and every institution involved with the disabled. B y improvin g coordination , w e woul d eliminat e th e duplication o f services and the waste of resources. In order to addres s the issue , w e propose d th e establishmen t o f a Rehabilitatio n Development Coordinatin g Committee .

A second White Pape r o n th e disable d was published i n 1995 . It was entitled Equal Opportunities and Full Participation. This White Pape r led to th e establishmen t o f a n Independen t Commissio n o n Anti -Discrimination o n Se x and Disability . I n a curious way , the disable d and wome n hav e muc h i n common . The y hav e bot h suffere d discrimination. Fortunately , a s mor e an d mor e wome n ente r highe r positions o f power an d influence , th e issu e o f discrimination agains t the disabled gains ever stronger allies.

I have developed strong and enduring relationships with a number of women i n m y life . Of course , my wife an d m y daughters occup y th e


central 'core ' o f m y femal e 'friends. ' Bu t ther e ar e other s whos e friendship an d suppor t hav e mad e a significan t differenc e t o th e course o f m y life . On e suc h woma n wa s Mar y Wong. Mary was th e head of the Association o f Volunteers for Service. She did a great deal of work for th e underprivilege d an d supporte d welfar e fo r th e youn g and the aged .

Mary wa s appointe d t o Legc o i n 1972 . I n 1973 , I attende d th e groundbreaking ceremon y fo r th e Duk e o f Windsor building , whic h would hous e bot h th e Medica l Associatio n an d th e Hon g Kon g Council o f Socia l Services . Mary was counci l chairma n b y that time . Mary had just begu n he r speech introducing the distinguished guest s when she suddenly collapsed. Everyone assumed that she had fainted . I rushed t o he r sid e and hel d he r i n my arms. It was clear to m e tha t she had passe d away . It was indeed a great los s to Hong Kong . I also lost a good friend.

Community-based Rehabilitation

While serving in government, I still managed to remain engaged in my first love : rehabilitation . I n 1969 , I receive d a n invitatio n fro m th e World Healt h Organizatio n (WHO ) i n Genev a t o atten d a specia l conference fo r specialist s on rehabilitation . The WHO i s an agency of the Unite d Nations . Lik e al l U N agencies , it s office s alway s wor k through th e loca l government. Hong Kon g is , however, an exception . The Hon g Kon g Society for Rehabilitatio n wa s made a World Healt h Organization Collaboratin g Centr e in Rehabilitation. I was director of the centr e an d was able to use many of the resource s availabl e to m e to develop services for the disabled in China.

The conferenc e i n Genev a i n 196 9 le d t o tw o resolutions : there wa s consensus tha t somethin g needed to be done immediately to help the world's disabled an d there was agreement tha t more emphasis shoul d be put on community-base d rehabilitatio n methods .

In 1970, Dr Einar Helander came through Hon g Kong and gave me a copy of a manuscript h e ha d just complete d entitle d A Comprehensive Problem-Solving Handbook on All Disabled for Rural Communities.


The boo k wa s ful l o f illustrations o f practical solution s fo r use in rural communities . Th e book als o provide d som e simpl e table s that coul d be used to evaluate results . The volum e itsel f was mad e up o f loose-leaf chapter s tha t coul d b e r e m o v ed an d s h a r e d a m o n g s t o t h e r s . T h e languag e D r Helander employe d was simple an d direct enoug h t o be understood easil y b y lay helpers and famil y members .

, _ i ^ ^ ^ _? i U\ ^ D r Helander had written the book for work he was doing in Africa. I thought i t was a particularly apt work for the

A M Wb ^ M WH O t o publis h an d nwntmwuwiH ••HI n distribute . I had i t translate d

into Chines e and have use d it extensivel y dur in g rehabil i ta t ion t ra inin g sessions in China.

3| fe^i^

u

E.Helander, P.Mendis , G.Nelson , A.Goerd t %fc lEj WHO m M. % m % n w & ft * <i > m s n ±&m

<% M &

^ K 4^ tn - ; - Th e reason I think tha t the ? ^ ^ ; 1: manuscrip t i s so effective is

that it' s applie d t o a ver y specific context . It' s no t

- Jt^£^ mean t t o be used i n urba n communities o r well -

>// develope d countries . I t i s ¥5^ "T~ ^ •—x X designe d exclusivel y fo r

^ r wHo.HrtK-i989| x rura l areas . The philosoph y behind th e text i s to hel p

A group of my colleagues at Tongji University translated Dr. Helander's book into simplified Chinese. t h e d i s a b l e d h e l p

themselves an d t o encourage the m to make full us e of the resources availabl e locally.

In 1972 , I was elected vice-presiden t an d chairma n o f th e Asia n Regional Assembly o f Rehabilitation International . Asia was the first region to create a regional committee o f Rehabilitation Internationa l with an independent, self-containe d constitution . Becaus e the region is so poor, we felt it best if all the countries pooled their resources and worked together . Countrie s tha t wer e to o poor t o b e abl e t o pay


membership fee s bu t stil l wanted t o avai l themselves o f th e assistanc e and informatio n tha t R I offered wer e allowed t o join th e organization' s regional committe e free o f charge . I ha d t o figh t fo r thi s concessio n before RI' s genera l assembly . I always believe d tha t i t was bette r fo r u s to hav e al l the countrie s i n th e regio n join an d participate .

Education

One o f th e mos t effectiv e tool s t o improv e societ y i s education . No t only does education hel p you find a better paying and mor e interestin g job, i t als o enriche s th e qualit y o f you r life . Music , literature , an d painting ar e among the highes t achievement s o f any society. The mor e education yo u have , th e greate r i s you r abilit y t o understan d an d explore grea t works o f art .

I was ver y prou d t o hav e bee n i n th e governmen t durin g a perio d o f such dramati c an d fundamenta l improvement s t o ou r educationa l system. In 1971 , the government introduce d si x free years of educatio n to al l residents o f Hon g Kong . In 1978 , the governmen t expande d th e benefit t o includ e nin e ful l year s o f fre e schoolin g fo r ever y child . It' s critical tha t th e governmen t d o a s muc h a s i t ca n t o ensur e tha t ou r students ar e abl e t o perfor m a t thei r very best .

The whol e educatio n syste m wa s restructure d t o accommodat e th e students enterin g secondar y education . I n 1976 , constructio n bega n t o accommodate an anticipated 36,645 additional junior secondary places. In the end, fifty-one new schools were constructed betwee n 197 9 and 1981.

Secondary education i s not only free, it's compulsory. Parents who do no t send their children to school will be served with a school attendance orde r from th e directo r o f education. And law s prohibiting chil d labou r wil l be enforced t o ensure that all children benefi t from a free and full education .

My Governor, my friend

Lord MacLehos e passe d awa y peacefull y a t th e ag e o f 8 2 a t hi s ranc h house i n Glasgow , Scotland , o n Ma y 27 , 2000. The new s o f hi s deat h


filled m y min d wit h man y memories . Lor d MacLehos e wa s Hon g Kong's longest-servin g governor ; a s alread y mentioned , hi s ter m ra n from 197 1 t o 1982 . Durin g thi s time , th e governmen t develope d massive publi c housing , progressiv e lan d policies , an d nin e year s o f free education . Hi s rol e i n establishin g th e ICA C ha s alread y bee n outlined. He also initiated policies for the care of the disabled. During his term , Hon g Kon g enjoye d successiv e year s o f prosperity , surplu s budgets, an d lo w taxation . Hi s initiative s turne d Hon g Kon g int o a truly international city . He brought u s onto the global stage.

I'm proud to say that I was one of Governor MacLehose's closest advisors. I'm prouder still to call him a friend. Governor MacLehose was no t an easy man. He had quit e a hot temper . But he also possessed a keen sense of humour. I think on e o f his greatest achievement s was the subtl e way in which he managed people and ideas. His approach was Easter n rather than Western. I don' t kno w i f thi s wa s somethin g innate , o r somethin g h e learned from livin g in th e East . Essentially , he manage d t o hav e peopl e come aroun d t o hi s thinkin g throug h subtle—almos t imperceptible — persuasion. He never forced people to do it his way. H e never commanded. At meetings of the Executive Council, he would introduce issues or ideas indirectly. He would say that Mr X had this idea on solving that problem. Of course, some of us knew that the views ascribed to Mr X were also those of the governor. If a member of council responded positively to Mr X's idea, the governor would quickly—and effusively—congratulate th e member. He would ascrib e tremendous perspicacit y to the membe r an d congratulat e him o r he r o n th e insigh t an d understandin g o f wha t wa s a trul y complicated an d dauntin g issue . Flushe d wit h flatter y an d pride , th e member would be incapable of refusing the governor's request to head up the implementation of this new idea.

Lord MacLehos e wa s a kin d an d decen t ma n i n th e bes t an d mos t traditional sense of those words. He was a gentleman of great stature— both physically and in his achievements. I learned a great deal from th e man. I will miss him.

T h e H a n d o v e r

US$16 billio n airpor t schem e fo r th e colon y i n Octobe r 1989 . Hong Kong wa s stil l sufferin g i n th e aftermat h o f th e Tiananme n Squar e incident. The aim of the project was to revive the economy and restore Hong Kong's confidence .

China did not see it quite that way. Some suspected tha t Britain would award mos t o f th e lucrativ e contract s t o Britis h companies . Other s argued tha t th e Britis h ha d n o righ t t o procee d wit h suc h a projec t

without forma l consultatio n wit h China—a s wa s require d b y the Joint Declaration. But consultation with China was only necessary if the projec t wa s t o b e complete d afte r Jul y 1 , 1997 . In fact , Britai n intended to complete the airport prior to July 1, 1997. Sadly, for many

REHABILITATION: A Life' s Wor k

concerned, wor k o n th e airpor t suffere d man y delay s an d wa s finall y opened a year afte r th e intende d completio n date .

The Chines e cu t of f discussion s o n th e airport . They demande d a hal t to al l airpor t wor k unti l th e tw o side s coul d com e t o som e kin d o f a n agreement. Finally , China insiste d o n a visit b y British Prim e Ministe r John Major , Mrs Thatcher's successor , as a condition fo r approving th e new airport . T o brea k th e deadlock , Majo r wa s force d t o trave l t o Beijing t o sig n a memorandu m o f understanding . Thi s visi t b y a European leade r helpe d brea k th e West' s boycot t o f th e Chines e leadership followin g Tiananme n Square .

Many peopl e believe that Governo r Wilson was replaced b y Chris Patte n in July 199 2 becaus e o f this los s o f face b y the British . Chris Patte n too k office a s the final and 27th governor of Hong Kong on July 9,1992. Patten had been chairman of the British Conservative Party. His past governmen t appointments include d servin g a s parliamentar y undersecretar y o f stat e for Norther n Ireland , ministe r o f stat e a t th e Departmen t o f Educatio n and Science , ministe r fo r oversea s developmen t a t th e Foreig n an d Commonwealth Office , an d secretary of state for the environment . Patte n had n o previous China experience . More significantly , h e was a politician, not a member o f the Foreign Service .

One o f Patten' s to p prioritie s durin g hi s ter m wa s th e re-inflatio n o f Britain's self-estee m ove r Hon g Kong . Sinc e th e signin g o f th e Sino -British Join t Declaratio n i n 1984 , ther e ha d bee n criticis m tha t th e accord was a sellout by Britain rather than a triumph o f diplomacy. And of course , th e Join t Declaratio n o f 1984—an d it s implications—wer e now seen through the light of Tiananmen. There was a heightened sens e of concer n fo r th e fat e o f the citizen s o f Hon g Kon g afte r July 1 , 1997 . The Britis h fel t tha t th e bes t protectio n fo r th e peopl e o f Hon g Kon g were the tool s o f a democratic society : individual rights , rule o f law an d a representativ e an d effectiv e legislature . Patte n wa s charge d wit h bot h restoring British honour an d providin g the people o f Hong Kon g with a more democrati c society—eve n i f it meant confrontatio n wit h China .

During negotiations hel d during the term of Governor Wilson ove r th e democratization o f Hong Kong , Britain and China agree d that eightee n of th e sixt y member s o f th e Legislativ e Counci l woul d b e chose n b y


direct election in 1991, and twenty in 1995. By exploiting loopholes in the join t agreement , Patte n pushe d forwar d a serie s o f electora l reforms. Nine new constituencies were created with the electoral rolls expanded t o includ e al l workin g persons , instea d o f th e limite d corporate an d professiona l electorate s o f th e ol d constituencies . By doing this , h e hope d t o enlarg e an d broade n th e natur e o f representation i n Legco . The reforms h e proposed wen t contrar y t o the changes already agreed to by both parties. .

Not surprisingly , hi s activitie s raise d th e ir e o f China . Th e Chines e government fel t th e reform s contravene d th e Join t Declaratio n o f 1984, th e Basi c La w (passe d i n 1990) , an d a serie s o f negotiation s between China and Britain in the early 1990s concerning the question of political convergence .

Patten's refor m packag e wa s passe d b y Legc o i n Jul y 1994 . O n September 17 , 1995, nearly on e million o f Hong Kong' s 2. 6 millio n registered voter s went to the polls—twice as many people as had ever voted i n the colony before . O f course , Chin a declare d tha t th e 1995 elections would not be recognized after the transfer o f sovereignty and that i t would se t up a new Provisional Legislativ e Counci l befor e the handover in 1997.

Though I was not a party to the negotiations leading up to the handover, I stil l occupie d a privileged vantag e point . I know mos t o f the majo r players personally , and heard first-hand account s o f the many conflict s and tensions—both in Hong Kong itself, and between Britain and China.

I am particularly close to three individuals who participated in both the negotiations leading up to the handover, as well as the ceremony itself. The first two were colleague s o f mine i n the Legislative Council , Sir S.Y. Chun g an d Barones s Lydi a Dunn . Th e thir d individua l i s my niece, Mrs Anson Chan .

In my opinion, Sir Sze-yuen Chung is what I call a 'proper' gentleman . He i s alway s impeccabl y dresse d an d tolerate s n o nonsens e whatsoever. As the senior ma n in both th e Executive Counci l (Exco ) and th e Legislativ e Counci l (Legco ) h e alway s ha d tim e t o giv e his juniors advice .

Sir S.Y. has a disciplined an d determined mind . He was instrumental


in pushin g th e governmen t t o adop t som e o f Hon g Kong' s mos t courageous legislation . H e le d th e fight fo r nin e year s o f fre e education, th e establishmen t o f th e ICAC , massiv e housin g projects , the mas s transi t railwa y and—finally—th e negotiation s leadin g u p t o the handover .

There i s a wonderfu l stor y abou t Si r S.Y . tha t clearl y illustrate s hi s character—and hi s sens e o f chivalry . A t on e poin t durin g th e negotiations fo r th e handover , al l th e Exc o member s travelle d t o London t o mee t with the people a t the Foreign Office . After th e officia l dinner, mos t o f u s wer e stil l a bit hungry . Someon e suggeste d tha t w e go to Chinatown i n Soho fo r a snack of Chinese congee . We hailed tw o taxis. Sir S.Y . escorted th e Honorabl e Lydi a Dun n i n on e taxi , and w e followed i n another .

S.Y. and Lydi a arrived first. They didn' t kno w which restaurant we were going to so they decided to walk around a bit. At some point , S.Y. asked Lydia t o wai t fo r hi m unde r a lamppost whil e h e walked t o th e en d o f the stree t t o tr y and spo t ou r taxi .

Lydia too k ou t he r mirro r an d bega n applyin g he r lipstick . A t tha t moment, a gentlema n i n a ver y gran d ca r whos e attir e wa s clearl y Middle Eastern , bega n t o slo w down a s he approache d Lydia . S.Y. saw what wa s happenin g an d quickl y bega n runnin g bac k toward s Lydi a shouting, 'She' s mine ! She' s mine ! She's mine! '

The Middl e Easter n gentlema n spe d of f int o th e night . S.Y . ha d rescued th e damse l i n distress . Thi s ha s becom e a favourit e after -dinner story . Lydi a stil l tease s S.Y . tha t i f h e ha d no t interrupted , sh e might no w b e the wif e o f a very rich sultan .

S.Y. too k a much-deserve d retiremen t i n 2000 . H e ha s recentl y published hi s memoirs , Hong Kong's Journey to Reunification.

Baroness Lydi a Dunn—a s sh e i s now properl y known—wa s bor n i n Shanghai an d raise d i n Hon g Kong . She attende d St . Paul's Conven t School. Mos t o f he r commercia l caree r ha s bee n spen t a t Swire , th e British tradin g house . When sh e joined Legco , no t lon g afte r I did , her firs t assignmen t ther e wa s t o overse e th e developmen t o f th e Trade Developmen t Council . Sh e travelle d aroun d th e worl d successfully promotin g trad e wit h Hon g Kong . He r las t majo r


project before retirin g to London was the developmen t o f the Hon g Kong Conventio n Centre—th e sit e o f th e handove r ceremonie s o f June 30 , 1997.

Serving Hong Kong—however and whenever I can

I was i n Beijin g i n th e summe r o f 1995 . Naturally, I was stayin g at m y hotel , th e Hon g Kon g Maca u Center/Swissotel . I received a phone cal l from L u Ping , who was hea d o f the Hon g Kon g an d Macao Affair s Offic e i n Beijin g an d on e o f th e peopl e a t th e very centr e o f th e negotiation s fo r th e handove r i n 1997 . L u Ping aske d m e i f I would b e s o kin d a s t o dro p b y hi s offic e fo r a shor t meeting .

The first question Lu Ping asked me—after closin g his office doo r fo r privacy—was i f I was related to Mrs Anson Chan , Hong Kong' s Chie f Secretary. He seemed to know that she was my niece but wanted verbal confirmation. I obliged him by answering simply and directly, 'Yes, she is my niece.'

He sai d tha t 'they ' ha d a problem . B y 'they ' h e mean t China' s to p leadership. None o f them ha d me t Anson, although the y knew abou t her, and knew her to be the first Chinese and the first woman to hold the position o f Chief Secretary .

I told Lu Ping that Anson was brilliant, honest and hard working. I told him that she would serve Hong Kong and China as long and as well as she could .

Shortly afte r m y meeting with Lu Ping , Anson mad e a 'secret trip ' to Beijing to mee t with Qian Qichen , China's foreign minister . As it was a 'secret trip ' she didn't sta y at my hotel—she stayed in a guest hous e in the centra l government compound .

Lu Pin g tol d m e tha t everyon e wa s impresse d b y this 'young , prett y and smart woman.' Lu Ping commented that it was a rare combination in a civil servant. He repeated a number of times that 'she is a very nice lady.' Apparently , China' s to p leadershi p wa s bot h impresse d an d reassured.

R E H A B I L I T A T I O N : A Life ' s Wor k

Anyone wh o watche d th e handove r ceremonies—i n perso n o r o n television—would hav e see n th e Honourabl e Anso n Chan . Anso n stood i n th e ver y middl e o f the stage—metaphoricall y bringin g bot h sides together. She wore a brilliant red Chinese cheung sam. I was deeply moved an d extremel y prou d t o se e m y niec e i n suc h a n honoure d position.

Anson Cha n i s the secon d chil d o f my late brother Howard . Howar d died when Anson was ten. Anson i s actually one of a set of twins. Her sister i s Ninson Loh . Ninso n i s a few minute s younge r tha n Anson . Ninson ha s had a brilliant and very successful caree r in business. She founded Farringto n Travel—presently the second larges t travel agency in Hong Kong.

Chairing a meeting of the Far East and South Pacific games (FESPIC) for the disabled in the 1980s

Anson was an impeccable child. She was a brilliant student and a very serious youn g woman . Sh e attende d th e Sacre d Hear t Canossia n Sisters' School and St. Paul's Convent School. She took her studies in both Chines e and English . The only time Anson eve r worried u s was when sh e first bega n datin g Archie . M y mothe r aske d a lo t o f questions abou t Archie. She was very pleased t o find out tha t h e was


a teacher. But she was very concerned whe n sh e learned h e was also an auxiliary policeman .

Before enterin g university , Anson worke d a s a medica l secretar y i n the Orthopaedi c Uni t an d i n th e Medica l Socia l Offic e o f Quee n Mary Hospital . I n 1962 , afte r completin g he r studie s a t university , she joined th e Hon g Kon g governmen t a s an administrativ e officer . She was the first female office r t o reach the level of Director, and th e first woma n an d th e firs t Chines e t o b e appointe d Chie f Secretary . On th e evenin g o f th e handover , sh e als o becam e th e firs t Chie f Secretary fo r Administratio n i n th e ne w governmen t o f th e Hon g Kong Specia l Administrative Region . Throughout he r caree r i n th e civil service, she fought toot h and nai l for equa l rights and treatmen t for femal e civi l servants.

My disillusionment wit h politics began when th e issue o f the chang e of sovereignt y becam e th e prim e topi c o n everybody' s plate . Th e Chinese sa w thing s ver y differentl y tha n th e British . Fo r us , Hon g Kong was no t bein g returne d t o som e foreig n devil . We were goin g home, that' s all . Fo r man y o f us , w e ha d neve r reall y lef t th e motherland China . Man y maintaine d contac t wit h ancestra l village s and man y ha d extende d familie s o n th e mainland . Politic s ma y hav e separated u s but family alway s drew us back to the same shared hop e of a China united i n peace and prosperity .

I was invite d b y th e Britis h governmen t t o atten d th e las t retrea t a t Tamar Plaza on the night of June 30,1997. When the ceremony began, a heavy rain began to fall. I could barely hear Governor Patten , or the Prince of Wales. To me, it was a very sad occasion .

At midnigh t o n June 3 0 I was in the Hon g Kon g Convention Centr e for th e chang e o f sovereignty ceremonie s an d th e swearing-i n o f th e new government. The Britis h were assembled o n the right side of the stage an d th e Chines e o n th e lef t side . I was surprise d an d deepl y moved to see that m y niece, Anson Chan , was the onl y figure linkin g the two sides . She was positioned a t the very centre o f the stage—th e British t o he r left , th e Chines e t o he r right . Thi s wa s perhap s a symbolic gesture—an d a subtl e one—a s sh e wa s see n a s a ke y transitional figure .


162

The mos t movin g moment o f the evening occurred whe n th e Britis h flag wa s lowere d an d th e Chines e flag wa s raised. Hon g Kon g returned t o th e mainland . We were hom e again . I couldn't sto p th e tears in my eyes.

Index

A Academy o f Chines e Cultur e 19 4 Acton, Norma n 7 6 Acupuncture 17 9 Agon, Julia 1 0 Ambilympics Game s 14 6 Ambulation 8 6 Andras Pet o Institut e o f Conductiv e

Education 8 7 Andry, Nicola s 4 0 Anhui Medica l Universit y 11 6 Aquinas, Siste r 5 6 Arranged marriag e 2 Ashley, Jack (Lor d Ashley) 7 6 Asian Regiona l Assembly o f

Rehabilitation Internationa l 10 4 Association fo r Pulmonar y Tuberculosi s

56 Association fo r th e Relie f o f Disable d

Children 5 4 Association o f Professiona l Volunteer s

103

B Bank o f Chin a 140-21 6 Beijing vi , ix, 111 , 112, 113,120 , 122 ,

138, 139 , 140 , 141 , 145, 148, 196,197,206

Bobath techniqu e 179 , 18 5 Bone-setters 6 1 Bookmaking 8 2 Bound Fee t i n Chines e Women 1 2 Brembridge, John 12 9 Britain viii , 65, 84, 96, 12 4 British Consulat e 26 , 35 British Nationalit y Act 12 3 Bung Bo , village 15 1

c Canada, Governmen t o f 14 5 Canossian Sister s 7 4 Caritas Medica l Centr e 1 9 Cater, Jack 9 7 Cathay Pacifi c Airlines 12 9 Catholicism 18 , 19, 23, 27, 39 Cerebral pals y 44, 84, 85, 86, 88, 117 ,

120,181,189 Ch'ing (Qing ) dynast y 15 2 Chan, Archie 67 , 19 3 Chan, Mr s Anson , (ne e Fang ) (niece ) ix ,

21 ,67 ,89 ,143,149,169, 182 , 193,194,196,201

Chan, Na m Cheon g 5 5 Chan, Opheli a 19 1 Charity 82 , 112 , 130, 148 , 14 9 Charles, Prince o f Wales vii i Charmly, Si r John, 9 3 Charter o n Disable d Peopl e 12 8 Chau, Mabe l 19 8 Cheung Yuk Tong (son-in-law ) 143 , 192 Cheung, Stephe n 12 5 Chiang Ka i Shek (Kai-shek ) 2 , 5, 7, 2 5 Chicago Societ y fo r Cripple d Childre n 5 8 Chien Kon g 5 3 Children's Convalescen t Hom e (Duches s

of Ken t Children' s Orthopaedi c Hospital) 54 , 55, 58, 69

China Disable d People' s Federatio n (CDPF) 11 8

China Foundatio n Fun d fo r th e Disable d 111

Chinese Communis t Part y 2 , 4 Chinese culture , promotion o f 167 , 16 8 Chinese medicin e 18 1


Chinese Ne w Year 13 , 66 Chinese Universit y o f Hon g Kon g 14 9 Chong Cha n Ya u 20 1 Chongqing (Chunking ) 3 , 27, 28 Chow, D r Christin a 1 9 Chow, Selin a 12 5 Chung, Si r Sze-yue n 9 5 Clarke, Si r Henr y Osmun d 4 0 Cold War 13 1 Collins, John, Reveren d 7 7 Community-based Rehabilitatio n (CBR )

103,111,115,116,118,145 Conductive Educatio n 78 , 84, 87, 120 ,

180, 18 5 Croucher, Noe l 5 4 C u N a i F u l l 2 Cultural Revolutio n 5 , 10 9

D Decade fo r Disable d Person s 12 8 Deng Pufan g 5 , 109 , 111 , 112, 113 , 118,

122, 148 , 16 6 Deng Xiaopin g 5 , 96, 108 , 12 2 Disability Da y 12 2 Disabled v , 5, 54, 73, 74, 76, 85 , 90, 96,

99 ,102,113,114,117,123, 128,136,145,153,163,171, 192, 19 9

Disabled Person s Internationa l 12 3 Disabled registr y 10 0 Discrimination 10 2 Dragon, ceremonia l 13 , 146, 14 7 Duchess o f Ken t Children' s Orthopaedi c

Hospital (se e Children' s Convalescent Home ) 5 5

Dunn, Barones s Lydi a 94 , 200 Dying Room s o f Chin a (BB C Film) 11 9

E Economic reform s 10 8 Education 10 , 13 , 35, 42, 68 , 74, 78, 79,

84, 89 , 96, 100 , 105 , 120,121, 137, 145 , 163, 168, 182, 19 4

Elderly, car e o f 26 , 75 , 77, 114 , 164 , 166 , 198, 20 1

Elections 9 5 Elizabeth II , Queen viii , 39, 14 9 Equal Opportunitie s an d Ful l

Participation (whit e paper ) 10 2

Executive Counci l (Exco ) 82 , 95, 106, 125,126,138

Exhibition an d Conventio n Centr e vi i

F Fan, Rit a 12 5 Fang Zhaoling (sister-in-law ) 8 , 10 , 21, 89 Fang, Anne (daughter ) 44 , 66 , 176 , 19 2 Fang, Anthony (Tony ) (son ) 34 , 36, 66, 8 3 Fang, Bessi e (sister ) 8 , 18 , 21, 188, 190,

198

Fang, Christine (daughter ) 37 , 44, 64, 66, 186,187, 190,191 , 192,19 4

Fang, Danie l (son ) 19 , 47, 48, 65, 176, 194, 19 8

Fang, David (nephew ) 65 , 89, 176 , 192 , 200

Fang, Edwin (brother ) 14 , 18 , 21, 25, 46, 48

Fang, Elizabeth (daughter ) 19 , 47 Fang, Henry (nephew ) 8 9 Fang, Howard (brother ) 8 , 10 , 18, 21, 24,

31 ,46 ,65 ,89 Fang, Jane (daughter ) 47 , 89, 19 5 Fang, Jenny 8 , 1 8 Fang, John (nephew ) 21 , 24, 8 9 Fang, Joseph (nephew ) 8 9 Fang, Ko Yu Kwan (mother ) 1 , 2 Fang, Laura (wife ) ix , 13 , 14, 21, 24, 28,

32, 34 , 38, 39, 42, 62, 64, 66, 129,176,186,196,197,201

Fang, Margaret (Maggie ) (sister-in-law ) 2 1 Fang, Marion (sister ) 8 , 11 , 18, 25, 28, 42,

66 ,88 ,120,140,174,186,190, 194,197

Fang, Ninson (niece ) 21 , 89, 19 3 Fang, Patrick (brother ) 7 , 8, 11 , 18, 21, 25,

140,142,150,188,193 Fang, Philip (nephew ) 21 , 89 Fang, Sum Sin g (sister ) 8 , 18 , 24 Fang, Therese (sister ) 17 , 1 8 Fang, Zhen W u (father ) 2 , 3 Fang-Ong approac h 53 , 54 Far Eas t an d Sout h Pacifi c (FESPIC )

Games 13 3 Feng Yu Xiang 4 , 5 First World War 35 , 40 Frost, Rober t 20 4

I n d e x

Fudan Universit y 27 , 28 Fundraising 79 , 112 , 12 6 Further Developmen t o f Rehabilitatio n

Services i n Hon g Kon g 99 , 100 , 171

G Gabriel, Siste r 5 6 Gandhi, Indir a Prim e Ministe r 12 9 Gandhi, Rajiv , Prim e Ministe r 135 , 13 6 Geleshan 27 , 28 Gi Hung Cheun g 4 Godber, Peter , Superintenden t 9 7 Goniometer 18 1 Goodstat, Mr s Ros e 7 6 Government Hous e vii , 91, 201 Grantham Hospita l 48 , 54, 56, 6 9 Great Wal l o f Chin a 16 9 Griffiths, Davi d 11 2 Guilin 25 , 26 Guinness Boo k o f World Record s 146 ,

147

H Hall, Ronald Owen , R t Reverend 34 , 35 Handover (o f Hong Kon g t o China ) iii ,

vii, 125 , 140, 142 , 145 , 15 4 Happy Valley (racecourse ) 80 , 82 , 147 ,

169 Heath, Si r Edwar d 14 8 Hefei (hometown ) 113 , 116 Helander, D r Eina r 103 , 104, 11 7 Ho, Josephine 178 , 184 , 186 , 18 9 Ho, Rub y 178 , 185 , 195, 198, 19 9 Ho, Stanle y 19 , 21 Hodgson, D r Arthur 32 , 44, 53, 56, 60 ,

208 Home safet y 7 9 Hong Kon g v , vii, viii, 7, 8 , 12 , 15, 24, 25,

27 ,28 ,34 ,36 ,41 ,46 ,53 ,54 , 56,67

Hong Kon g Academy o f Medicine 18 7 Hong Kon g an d Maca o Affair s Offic e

138, 13 9 Hong Kon g an d Shangha i Bankin g

Corporation 8 2 Hong Kon g Colleg e o f Medicine 5 3 Hong Kon g Communit y Ches t 14 9

Hong Kon g Conductiv e Learnin g Institute 8 8

Hong Kon g Counci l o f Socia l Service s (HKCSS) 46 , 77, 103 , 190

Hong Kon g Federatio n o f Youth Group s 168

Hong Kon g Governmen t 48 , 57, 139 , 14 0 Hong Kon g Indi a Foundatio n Fun d 13 6 Hong Kon g Jockey Clu b 80 , 83 , 14 5 Hong Kon g Jockey Clu b Charitie s Trus t

82,83 Hong Kon g Jubilee Sport s Centr e (Hon g

Kong Institutio n o f Sports ) 11 2 Hong Kon g Macau Center/Swissote l 14 4 Hong Kon g Polytechni c 11 6 Hong Kon g Societ y fo r Rehabilitatio n 88 ,

103,117, 165,17 8 Hong Kon g Universit y o f Scienc e an d

Technology 14 9 Hong Kon g Volunteers' Regimen t 2 2 Hong Kong , fall o f 22 , 24, 25, 34, 9 3 Horse-racing 80 , 82, 8 3 Hospital Authority o f Hon g Kon g 53 , 93 Hospital organizatio n 5 3 Hotel projec t i n Beijin g iii , vi, ix, 138, 139,

141,142, 144,145,14 6 Housing Authority (o f Hong Kong ) 9 9 Housing Societ y (o f Hon g Kong ) 9 9 Hsu, Rit a (niece ) 66 , 67 , 19 4 Hsu, Stephe n (nephew ) 140 , 144 , 19 7 Hu Con g Jing, Professo r 16 7 Hu, Henr y 9 5

I Inclusion Internationa l 12 3 Independent Commissio n Agains t

Corruption (ICAC ) 96 , 9 7 India, rehabilitation i n 134 , 13 6 Integrating th e Disable d int o th e

Community: A Integrating th e Disabled Int o th e Community : A Integrating th e Disable d int o the Community : A Unite d Effort (Whit e Paper ) 93 , 99, 10 0

International Societ y fo r Cripple d Children 5 8

International Societ y fo r th e Welfare o f Cripples 5 8

International Societ y o f the Dea f 12 3


lu, Sheil a 5 6

J Jao Tsung-I , Professo r 16 7 Japan 128 , 132 , 133,20 6 Japan, rehabilitatio n i n 13 2 Japanese Societ y fo r Rehabilitatio n o f th e

Disabled (JSR D 13 2 Jiang Qin g 9 6 Jockey Clu b (se e Hon g Kon g Jockey Club )

77, 78 , 80, 82, 145 , 147, 149 , 165,195

Joint Counci l fo r th e Physicall y an d Mentally Disable d 77 , 20 7

Jones, Lewis Carte r 7 6 Jones, Si r Reginal d Watson 4 0 Jung, L i 111 , 114

K Kadoorie Foundatio n 12 2 Kadoorie, Lawrence , Lor d 12 2 Kai Tak Airport 16 7 Kessler, Dr . Henry 57 , 58, 212 Kin Chen g Ban k 14 0 King's Colleg e 10,1 5 King, Professo r Gordo n 2 6 Ko Shiu Wah 9 4 Koika, Funihid e 13 2 Koo, Dr . George 19 7 Kowloon 24 , 74, 124 , 21 4 Kowloon Hospita l 48 , 54, 56, 5 7 Kwong, Eri c 17 8 Kwun Ton g 6 9 L Lai Ch i Ko k Hospita l 5 3 Laing, Dr . Dougla s 3 0 Lam, Mr s Carri e 191 , 192 Lane, David 19 8 Las Vegas 12 6 Lee Pen g Fa i 14 3 Lee, Alle n 125 , 200 Lee, Dr . M.B. 16 5 Lee, SirK. W 113,20 0 Legislative Counci l (Legco ) 16 , 33, 56, 68

76 ,90 ,94 ,95 ,99 ,107 ,124 , 125,129,137,138,153,163

Li Jung 11 1 Li Ka-shing 113,20 1

Li Peng , Premie r 14 3 Liverpool Universit y 41 , 42 Lo Tak Shin g 9 4 Lo, Ninso n (ne e Fang ) (niece ) 21 , 89, 19 3 Lobo, Roge r 95 , 126,20 0 London 37 , 38, 39, 40, 47, 125 , 12 9

M MacFadzen, Alex, Professor 3 1 MacLehose Rehabilitatio n Centr e 94 ,

178, 179,182 , 183,192,19 8 MacLehose Trai l 93 , 201 MacLehose, Si r Murray , (Governor ) 91 ,

93, 94 , 96, 98 , 105, 106, 123, 140,179,214

MacLehose, Sylvi a 9 1 Mah-jong 18 2 Manchuria 3 , 5, 7 Mao Zedon g 2 , 3, 96 Mass Transi t Railwa y (o f Hon g Kong ) 76 ,

96,215 Medical Counci l o f Hon g Kon g 5 3 Medical trainin g 4 7 Ministry o f Civi l Affairs (o f China ) 111 ,

114,118 Ministry o f Healt h (o f China ) 115 , 11 7 Mission Hill s Gol f Clu b 16 7 Mok, Anthony 20 1 Moore, Charle s Franklan d 35 , 37 Moore, D r Elizabet h 35 , 37 Morris, Alfred Lor d Morri s 7 6 Mott, John R . 4

N Nakamura, D r Yutaka 13 3 Nanjing viii , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 2 5 National Game s fo r th e Disable d 11 3 New Territories 24 , 165 , 201 Nursing Boar d o f Hon g Kon g 5 3

o Occupational therap y 47 , 48, 57, 74, 85,

87, 116 , 117,167,178 , 180 , 182,185,196, 19 8

Older, Dr . John 9 3 Olympic Game s (o f 2008 ) 10 9 One Chil d Polic y 108 , 11 8 Ong, D r G.B . 60 Orphanages 88,118 , 119 , 12 1

I n d e x

Orphans 11 8 Orthopaedics ix , 32, 40, 4 8 Osteoarthritis 62 , 9 3 Oxfam 20 1

P Pan-Pacific Rehabilitatio n Conferenc e

132 Pao, SirY.K. 11 3 Paralympics Game s 11 2 Patten, Christopher , Chri s vii , viii, 149,

215 Peking Universit y 10 9 People's Grea t Hal l 141 , 148 People's Republi c o f Chin a 35 , 109, 124 ,

131 Peto, Dr . Andras 85,8 7 Philip, Prince 3 9 Phoon, Dr . She k Wah 5 3 Physiotherapy 48 , 57, 74, 79, 85, 87, 116 ,

167,178,182,198 Pirates ix , 26 Police corruptio n 96 , 9 7 Prendergast, John 9 8 Private hospital s 53 , 56 Public housin g 97 , 98, 106, 21 4 Pulmonary tuberculosi s 56 , 59 Purves, Sheil a 116 , 118 , 12 2

Q Qing dynast y 15 2 Quality Educatio n Foundatio n 16 8 Queen Mar y Hospita l 23 , 29, 31, 44, 46,

53, 54 , 58, 14 9

R Rehabilitation v , vi, 5, 7 Rehabilitation Developmen t Coordinatin g

Committee 10 2 Rehabilitation i n Chin a 12 6 Rehabilitation i n India . See India ,

rehabilitation i n Rehabilitation i n Japan 13 2 Rehabilitation Internationa l (RI ) 57 , 58,

76,104,115,123,126,128, 131,134,136,150,207,212

Rehabilitation trainin g 104 , 11 5 Republic o f China , th e 2 , 4, 35, 109 . See

also People' s Republi c o f Chin a Ricci Hal l 18 , 19,21,2 3

Right o f Abode 12 4 Rotary Clu b Internationa l 58 , 80 Royal Colleg e o f Obstetrician s an d

Gynaecologists 3 7 Royal Colleg e o f Surgeon s 37 , 41 Royal Infirmar y 4 0 Rusk, Dr . Howard 57 , 58, 212 Ruttonjee Hospita l 48 , 56 Ruttonjee, Dun n 5 6

s Sai Ying Pa n Hospita l 5 4 Sandberg, Michae l (Lor d Sandberg ) 82 ,

83,95 Scotland Yar d 9 8 Scott, Si r Alan 12 4 Second Worl d War v , 12 , 13 , 38, 58, 85 Shanghai 2 , 7, 8, 27, 28, 113 , 19 6 Shanghai Medica l Colleg e 27 , 28 Shaw, Sir Ru n Ru n 11 3 Shenzhen 122,165,16 6 Shum, Jonathan, Professo r 19 8 Sino-British Fellowshi p Trus t 34 , 36, 3 7 Skeletal Tuberculosis 54 , 56, 58, 59, 7 2 Social Conventio n o n Disabilit y 12 3 Social Welfare Offic e (o f Hon g Kong ) 7 4 Sokalsky, Henry k 14 8 Special Administrative Regio n (SAR ) vi i Special Educatio n Service s Centr e (o f

Kowloon) 7 4 St. Catharines , Ontario 150 , 15 1 St. Paul' s Conven t Schoo l 1 0 St. Paul' s Hospita l 17 , 18 , 23, 24, 48, 69,

175,178,181,188,189,195, 197,199

St. Stephen' s Girls ' Colleg e 1 4 Stanley Beac h 6 3 Star Ferr y 2 9 Stock, Franci s E. , Professor 29 , 32, 6 0 Sun Ya t Sen (Su n Yat-sen) 2 , 53, 165 Swissotel Grou p 14 4

T Tai Po 2 6 Tak Shin g Hous e 195 , 19 9 Tamar Plaz a vii , 161 Task serie s 86 , 88


Taxi-drivers' rio t 12 4 Thatcher, Lad y Margare t 13 0 The Futur e o f Hon g Kon g (book ) 20 0 Thomas, Hug h Owe n 4 0 Tiananmen Squar e 112 , 14 1 Tianjin 4 , 5 Tien, Franci s 9 4 Tongji Medica l Universit y 104 , 116 , 14 5 Transoral approac h 42 , 60, 20 8 Traumatic paraplegi a 7 2 Trench, Lad y Margare t 54 , 55, 69, 71 Tuberculosis 30 , 31, 48, 54, 58, 59, 60, 208 Tuli, Dr Um a 13 6 Tung Wah Grou p 5 3 Tung Wah Hospita l 48 , 54, 56, 69,178,17 9 Tung, C.H . (Chie f Executive ) 167 , 196 ,

198,199,201 Turner, Ted 14 9

u United Kingdo m viii , 36, 48, 76, 17 1 United Nation' s Yea r o f the Famil y 14 8 United Nation s (UN ) 50 , 103 , 117, 122 ,

128, 148,20 6 United Nations ' Decad e o f the Disable d

122 United State s 43 , 112, 133 , 181, 192 University o f Beijin g 10 9 University o f Hon g Kon g 15 , 17, 18 , 29,

47,89,149, 19 2 University o f Mancheste r 8

v Victoria Harbou r 6 7 Volunteer wor k 4 0

w Wilson, Si r David , (Lord ) 140 , 141 , 215 Wong, Mary 10 3 Wong, Priscill a 14 1 Wong, Rosann a 168 , 19 0 World Blin d Unio n 12 3 World Congres s o f Rehabilitatio n

International 13 4 World Healt h Organizatio n (WHO ) 88 ,

94, 103,114 , 116,11 7 Wu Tun g Mountai n Rang e 16 5 Wu, Alex 9 5 Wu, D r Pete r 17 6

Y Yan Ming F u 120,16 6 Yang 1 0 Yang Tse Rive r 2 7 Yang, Edward, Professo r 187 , 18 9 Yantian 165 , 19 9 Yau, Dr Arthur 5 6 Year of the Disable d 12 8 Year of the Famil y 14 8 Yee Hong Centr e 16 6 Yip, D r Ye e 12 8 Youde, Edward, Si r 123 , 140, 21 5 Youde, Lady Pamel a 11 3 Yu, Brian 1 9 Yu, PT 6 3 Yu, Patrick 18 , 19, 44, 63, 188, 19 3 Yuk Tong 187 , 19 2

z Zemin, Jiang, Presiden t vii i Zhao Ziyang , Premie r 112 , 11 5 Zhongshan 16 5 Zhou Enla i 9 6

Rehabilitation; · Secretary for Home Affairs and the Financial Secretary), one official member and...

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