Regions:

• Northern

• Middle

• Southern

• Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

• New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

• Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

NorthernAKA: New England

Industry:• Shipbuilding• Fishing/Whaling• Logging• Fur trading• Copper mining• Farming:

– Very little– Rocky soil– Too close to the sea

Philosophy:• Life built around Religion• ANTI-slavery• Strong work ethic

PeoplePilgrims

• Were “Separatists”• Came in 1620• Landed at Cape Cod• Settlement: Plymouth• Fewer in number• Lower class, less educated• Received help from local

Native Americans• Came to America for

Religious Freedom

Puritans• Wanted to “reform” the

Anglican Church• Came in 1629-30• Landed North of the Pilgrims• Settlement: Boston• Thousands came• Higher class, more educated• Fought with Native Americans• Came to America for Religious

Freedom

Land Features• Mountains: much of the inland area is

dominated by mountains.

Land Features• Dense Forests: with mountains comes plenty

of forest which contain both furs and timber.

Land Features• Sea Ports: New England had many sea ports

for shipping goods and fishing/whaling.

MiddleAKA: Midatlantic Colonies

Industry• Farming: known as the

“breadbasket”.– Corn, wheat, beef, pork

• Iron Mining• Coal Mining• Textile Manufacturing• Fur Trading• Shipbuilding

Philosophy• Diversity• Equality• Peace• Pennsylvania and Delaware

were ANTI-Slavery.• New York and New Jersey

had a small amount of slavery.

People• Nationalities/Ethnicities:– Dutch– German– Swedish (Delaware)– Native American – English (after they took it over)

• Religions: – Quakers, Mennonites, Jewish

• Relationship with Native Americans:– Paid for land, NO wars with Natives (after English

takeover), Lived together.

Why They Came:• Dutch: Mainly interested in expanding their

trade empire.– The Dutch West India Company wanted to trade

with Native Americans and the French for furs.

Why They Came• Quakers: Penn’s “Holy Experiment”– Created Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers– Pennsylvania would be a land with no Aristocrats– Penn granted ALL adult males 50 acres of land and

the right to vote.

Why They Came• Swedish: Original settlers of New Sweden

(Delaware)• Taken over by the Dutch• German/Scandinavian/Jewish:• All of these groups came to start a new life.• Were encouraged by the Dutch to settle in

New Netherlands.

Land Features• Land had a combination of Northern and

Southern features.• Good Farmland: fertile soil enabled the

Middle colonies to farm wheat, corn, and livestock.

Land Features• Mountains: were larger than in New England • provided iron and coal, and a source for furs.

Land Features:• Forests: in the Middle Colonies forests grew

larger trees than in the North or South.• Provided timber for shipbuilding and a habitat

for animals for fur trading.

Southern Colonies

Industry• Agriculture

– Tobacco– Indigo– Rice– Cotton (eventually)

• Some fishing• Some logging• Some fur trading

Philosophy• Large Scale Farming

(Plantations)• To make money (get rich)• PRO-slavery

People:• English: Upper Class• Came seeking riches• Didn’t find gold or silver• Found extremely fertile land• Built large farms (Plantations) to make

money!

People:• Poor People: Indentured Servants• Sought a way to escape their poverty• Someone else would pay for them to come to

America• They paid that person back by working for

free for a fixed amount of time

People:• Debtors:• People who didn’t pay their debts were sent

to jail in England• Debtors could earn their freedom by working

in America for 7 years• Plantation owners hired debtors as cheap

laborers

People:• Catholics/Protestants:• Maryland was intended to be a safe haven• Catholics came to escape persecution• Protestants also settled in Maryland• Act of Toleration gave settlers in Maryland the

right to practice religion freely• Protestants eventually made Anglicanism the

official church.

People:• Enslaved Africans:• Coastal tribes sold slaves to Europeans for

manufactured goods• Plantation owners bought slaves as free labor

to farm “cash crops”• Slavery is for life, unless owner grants them

their freedom• Slaves were treated harshly

Land Features• Fertile Plains:• The Southern Colonies had the best farmland• Large plains and good climate were ideal for

farming• They used their farmland to grow “cash-

crops”

Land Features• Long Rivers:• Dozens of long rivers exist in the Southern

Colonies.• Rivers provide natural irrigation for farming• Jamestown was built on the James River

Land Features• Swamps and Marshes: • Located in South Carolina and Georgia• Wet lands surrounding swamps are ideal for

growing rice• Also a good source for Cypress Trees