Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy in Central America
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Regional Lighting Efciency
Strategy in Central America
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Table of ContentsIntroduction ................................................................................................................................................. 7Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 11
1. Background/Justication ............................................................................................................................... 15
1.1. Potential benets of the transition .......................................................................................................... 15
1.2. Current situation of efcient lighting in the region ............................................................................... 16
1.3. Goals of the Regional Lighting Efciency Strategy .............................................................................. 24
2. Minimum Energy Performance Standards .................................................................................................... 25
2.1. Current situation ..................................................................................................................................... 25
2.2. Logical framework ................................................................................................................................. 27
2.3. Detailed process to implement minimum standards in the region ......................................................... 31
2.4. Progress indicators ................................................................................................................................. 36
3. Support Mechanisms and Policies ................................................................................................................ 37
3.1. Current situation and legal framework .................................................................................................. 37
3.2. Logical Framework ................................................................................................................................ 38
3.3. Detailed process to implement priority activities .................................................................................. 42
3.4. Progress indicators ................................................................................................................................. 49
4. Monitoring, verication and enforcement .................................................................................................... 51
4.1. Current situation and existing legal framework ..................................................................................... 51
4.2. Logical Framework ................................................................................................................................ 52
4.3. Detailed process to implement priority activities in the areas of monitoring, verication and
enforcement ............................................................................................................................................ 55
4.4. Progress indicators ................................................................................................................................. 60
5. Environmental Sound Management .............................................................................................................. 61
5.1 Current situation ...................................................................................................................................... 61 5.2 Existing legal framework in the countries .............................................................................................. 61
5.3 Logical Framework ................................................................................................................................. 63
5.4 Detailed Process to Implement Environmental Sound Management ..................................................... 66
5.5 Progress indicators .................................................................................................................................. 70
6. Impact Indicators .......................................................................................................................................... 71
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6.1. Impact indicators for the application of the comprehensive transition strategy to
efcient lighting ............................................................................................................................................ 71
6.2. Reducing consumption and demand of residential consumers .............................................................. 71
6.3. Reducing electricity bills of subsidized residential consumers as a result of the transition residenciales como resultado del reemplazo .............................................................................................. 72
6.4. Reducing electricity generation and fuel consumption to reduce overall consumption ........................72
6.5. Savings in fuel purchases through reduced consumption ...................................................................... 73
6.6. Reducing nancing necessary for new generation capacity by reducing demand in peak hours ..........74
6.7. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) from a reduction in fuel consumption used
for generation ......................................................................................................................................... 74
6.8. Reducing the environmental impact of the small amount of mercury in uorescent
lighting that has been or will be installed to replace incandescent lighting ........................................... 75
7. Financial Framework .................................................................................................................................... 77
7.1. Budget and period .................................................................................................................................. 77
7.2. Considerations when constructing cash ows based on savings in fuel purchases ...............................77
7.3. Considerations when constructing cash ows based on savings in subsidies .......................................78
7.4. Scenario with savings in unused fuel by country ................................................................................... 79
7.5. Scenario with savings in subsidies by country ...................................................................................... 80
7.6. Opportunities for Financing ................................................................................................................... 81
7.7. Social Benets ....................................................................................................................................... 82
8. Appendices ............................................................................................................................................... 83
Appendix 1. Regional initiatives ................................................................................................................... 83
Appendix 2. Regional legal framework on lighting efciency ..................................................................... 85
Appendix 3. References to international free trade agreements related to transitions to
efcient lighting ............................................................................................................................................ 88
Appendix 4. Global MEPS for efcient lighting .......................................................................................... 89
Appendix 5. Proposed communications plan for the regional strategy on transitioning to
efcient lighting ............................................................................................................................................ 92
Appendix 6. Preliminary proposal to be evaluated by experts on sanctions that should be applied
when supervising compliance with approved minimum standards .............................................................. 96 Appendix 7. Budget ...................................................................................................................................... 98
Appendix 8. Regional scenarios using nancial resources ......................................................................... 100
Appendix 9. Scenarios by country, using nancial resources ..................................................................... 101
Appendix 10. Minutes of meeting of Energy Ministers of Mesoamerica ................................................... 109
Appendix 11. Minutes of approval of the strategy ...................................................................................... 114
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List of Illustrations
Illustration 1. Electric energy consumption 1970 - 2011, Central America and the Dominican Republic .............17
Illustration 2. Types of general lighting installed ...................................................................................................18
Illustration 3. Label design .....................................................................................................................................43
Illustration 4. Countries with efcient lighting regulations .................................................................................... 89
List of Tables
Table 1. Principal actions and schedule of forecasted compliance in the implementation of the
proposed strategy .................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 2. Investment requried by the region to implement the strategy ................................................................. 13
Table 3. Financial evaluation from fuel savings by country ................................................................................. 14
Table 4. Financial evaluation from subsidy savings by country ........................................................................... 14
Table 5. Benets of the transition to efcient lighting .......................................................................................... 15
Table 6. Installed capacity by type of plant .......................................................................................................... 16
Table 7. Regional electricity consumption ............................................................................................................ 17
Table 8. General lighting installed in the region ................................................................................................... 18
Table 9. General lighting installed for subsidized consumers .............................................................................. 19
Table 10. Environmental legislation for waste in the region ................................................................................ 21
Table 11. Obstacles in the region .......................................................................................................................... 23
Table 12. Minimum energy performance standards for 18 to 20 W CFL lightbulbs ............................................ 25
Table 13. CFL efciency ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Table 14. Power factor and harmonic distortion values ........................................................................................ 33
Table 15. Efciency levels needed for the Mesoamerica Award .......................................................................... 44
Table 16. Requirements for small and large collectors ......................................................................................... 67
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The United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) and the Global
Environment Facility (GEF), together
with the private sector, have launched the
en.lighten initiative as the umbrella organization
to promote lighting efciency around the world.The main goal of this initiative is to transform
the world’s current lighting market to efcient
lighting by promoting energy efcient and high
performing lighting and eliminating sources of
inefcient lighting.
To develop the regional strategy, UNEP, together
with its regional partners: the Mesoamerica
Project, the Central American Integration
System, the Central American Commission for
Environment and Development and the Mexican
Electric Power Saving Trust Fund, agreed to a
work plan that included four stages: a) planning
and preparing activities; b) launch workshops; c)
developing the regional strategy document; and
d) completion and adoption.
In the rst quarter they elaborated a document
that established the baseline of lighting in the
Central American region. This was launched at a
workshop held in February 2013 in San Salvador,
El Salvador. The study presented detailed
information about the current status of lighting
in the region; it included the region’s strengths,
which contribute to the transition process to
efcient lighting, as well as opportunitiesto resolve the main obstacles that have been
identied in the region.
In particular, one of the main nancial obstacles
that was identied was the high cost of Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) in the local and
regional market when compared to incandescent
lighting. Another obstacle was the lack of tax
incentives or nancing mechanisms for energy
efciency or lighting efciency initiatives. One
technical obstacle was having no verication
standards for lighting products.
This document presents the Regional Lighting
Efciency Strategy, which sets forth the
logical steps needed to transition to efcient
lighting systems. This strategy was approved
by the Ministers of Energy of Mesoamerica on
December 6th, 2013, in Panama City, Panama.
Introduction
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AcronymsCATR Central Amer ican Technical Regulations
CCAD Central American Commission for Environment and Development
CDEEE Dominican Corporation of State Electricity Companies
CFE Federal Electricity Commission (Mexico)
CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamps
CNE National Energy Council (El Salvador)
CNEE National Electricity Commission (Guatemala)
CNFL Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz (Costa Rica)
COGUANOR Guatemalan Standards Commission
COMIECO Central American Council of Ministers for Economic Integration
CONEE National Energy Efciency Council (Guatemala)
CU Customs Union
DSE Energy Sector Ofce (Costa Rica)
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
EDMP Executive Direction of the Mesoamerica Project
EE Energy Efciency
ENEE National Electricity Company (Honduras)
FIDE Electric Power Saving Trust Fund (Mexico)
GAUREE Autonomous Generation and Rational Use of Energy Project (Honduras)
GEF Global Environment Facility
GIZ German International Cooperation Agency (GIZ in German)
ICE Costa Rica Electricity Institute
INDE National Electrication Institute (Guatemala)
MADS Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (Colombia)
MARN Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (El Salvador)
MEM Ministry of Energy and Mining (Guatemala)
MINAE Ministry of Environment and Energy (Costa Rica)
MP Mesoamerica Project
MSS Mandatory Salvadoran Standard
NLTC National Lighting Test Centre of China
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OLADE Latin American Energy Organization
PALCEE Energy Efciency for Central America and the Caribbean Program
PNESER National Sustainable Electricity and Renewable Energy Program (Nicaragua)
PESAE El Salvador Saves Energy Program
PRONASE 2009-2012 National Sustainable Energy Program (Mexico)
PROURE Rational Use, Energy Efciency and Non-Conventional Energy Sources Program (Colombia)
SICA Central American Integration System
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
USAID United States Agency for International Development
WTO World Trade Organization
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Executive SummaryBackground
The countries in the region (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and
the Dominican Republic) have undertaken numerous initiatives, programs, regulations, communications
campaigns and other actions to improve energy efciency, in general, and lighting efciency, in particular.
Despite these actions to increase lighting efciency, results have been marginal when compared to existing
savings potential due to a lack of systematic measures being adopted by the countries. Currently, many
regulatory frameworks that are applied in the region are based on voluntary technical standards. Other gaps
have to do with the high price of energy efcient lighting devices in the market and the low levels of verication
and supervision of approved regulations.
The United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) en.lighten Initiative
Given the high impact that transition to efcient lighting has on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the
UNEP has implemented the en.lighten initiative worldwide. The purpose of the initiative is to transition
to efcient lighting globally using a toolkit to elaborate and implement projects that include best practices
from projects that have been implemented with the short-term goal of completely eliminating the use ofinefcient lighting worldwide.
Calculations done by en.lighten using information from international organizations and the eight countries
in the region conclude that implementing the rst stage of a transition project in the region would result in
the following:
• A reduction in electricity generation by 2.576 billion kWh/year.
• A reduction in electricity consumption by 4.8% and in energy consumption for lighting by 34.6%.
• Demand for electricity during peak hours would be reduced by 360 MW, avoiding investments in new
generation capacity equal to 450 MW.
• CO2 emissions would be reduced by 942,000 tons annually, and collection and recycling of efcient
light bulbs with a small amount of mercury would prevent 16.9 kg of mercury from being dumped into the
environment.
• A total benet for the region of $406.5 million annually.
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Transition to Efcient Lighting Strategy for the Countries in the Region
Using the UNEP’s toolkit methodology and with collaboration from the en.lighten initiative and other environmental
institutions, in November 2012 a workshop led by the Mesoamerica Project was held for experts working
in the energy and environment sectors of the eight countries, Mexico and Colombia; El Salvador’s National
Clean Production Center; and experts invited by the UNEP to plan for the implementation of a strategy project to transition to efcient lighting. The workshop also was used to elaborate a proposal for the basic
guidelines that should be established.
A second regional workshop was held in February 2013, and national workshops were held through May 2013 with
the participation of experts from the rst regional workshop, plus others (Customs ofcials, regulatory organizations,
banks, lighting distributors, international cooperation agencies, civil society and others). Participants approved
guidelines that had been developed for the proposed transition strategy. Finally, a technical workshop and closing
workshop were held in October to validate the strategy that is presented here.
Summary of the main actions included in the strategy proposal
1. Establishing minimum standards for efciency, quality, safety and environmental impact that all lightingdevices must comply with in order to be imported and sold in the countries in the region. These standards
must be the same for all countries and have an implementation plan with a timeframe that is the same for
the entire region.
2. The implementation of policies and support mechanisms that help put the transition project into practice
smoothly, including:
• Establishing a labeling system for lighting devices that helps consumers easily understand the devices’
features.
• A label awarded to lighting devices with the greatest efciency and quality in the market.
• Tax breaks for companies that reduce the price of their devices.
• A program to replace incandescent light bulbs with efcient lighting for low-income families by paying for
the cost of turning in their incandescent light bulbs.
3. A monitoring, verication and enforcement system to certify lighting devices and compliance requirements,
a verication system that shows how devices have complied with requirements and a enforcement system
to apply sanctions to those who have not complied.
4. Implementation of a system to collect and recycle lighting devices at the end of their life to avoid contamination
of small amounts of mercury into the environment.
5. Approval of the mandatory Central American Technical Regulations for Lighting for the eight countries
in the region that states all mandatory standards that have been established to comply with the applied
transition strategy.
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Table 1. Principal actions and schedule of forecasted compliance in the
implementation of the proposed strategy.
Principal Actions Date of Compliance
Approve proposed Transition to Efcient Lighting Strategy December 2013
Approve Central American Technical Regulations for Lightingand all chapters
December 2014
Begin communications campaign and training for all actorsrelated to the approved strategy
January 2015
Finalize process to organize, concede, purchase and beginreceiving lighting devices that are necessary for the transition process for low-income families
June 2015
Begin process to certify lighting devices that could be sold inthe region
June 2015
Begin implementing program to replace lighting devices and
collect replaced devices
July 2016
Finalize replacement program June 2016
Prohibit the import of any non-certied devices January 2017
Begin to apply monitoring and enforcement systems January 2017
Prohibit the sale of any non-approved devices January 2018
Begin implementing the system to collect devices with mercuryfor recycling
January 2018
Table 2. Investment required by the region to implement the strategy
Component* Amount (US$)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
1. Awareness campaign 1,756,800 1,756,800 1,756,800
2. Training 328,000
3. Technical assistance 540,000
4. Implementation of replacement programs
17,481,366
Total investment 20,106,166 1,756,800 1,756,800
*The amount assigned to each component over the three years corresponds to funds from international cooperation agencies and each coun-
try in the region.
Indicators of the real impact that will be obtained from implementing the Transition to Efcient Lighting
Strategy in the region
• Reduction in energy generation by 3.09 billion kWh/year and in fuel consumption for that generation by
679,747 tons, equal to $530 million at nominal rates.
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• Reduction in CO2 emissions by 1,956,499 tons/year.
• Avoid $660 million of investments in new generation capacity.
• Eliminate the current environmental impact of 1.38 tons of mercury in lighting devices that are currently
installed and avoid the impact of 0.14 tons of new devices that will be installed.
Results of a nancial evaluation from fuel savings
Table 3. Financial evaluation from fuel savings by country
Country NPV IRR Payback
Belize US$1,078,339 69% 2.96 years
Costa Rica US$230,229,179 909% 1.02 years
El Salvador US$233,479,353 685% 1.04 years
Guatemala US$272,688,009 557% 1.05 yearsHonduras US$2,264,295 63% 2.06 years
Nicaragua US$121,036,849 638% 1.05 years
Panamá US$33,277,407 263% 1.25 years
Results of a nancial evaluation from subsidy savings
Table 4. Financial evaluation from subsidy savings by country
Country NPV IRR Payback
Belize* US$168,791 202% 1.69 years
El Salvador US$27,976,287 249% 1.22 years
Guatemala US$66,802,746 303% 1.15 years
Honduras US$10,593,270 209% 1.37 years
Nicaragua US$15,057,122 230% 1.29 years
Panamá US$15,135,403 190% 1.38 years
Dominican Republic US$12,862,067 124% 1.83 years
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1. Background/Justication1.1. Potential benets of the transition
The transition to efcient lighting in the region will bring potential environmental, social and economic benets.
According to estimates from national assessments conducted for each country in the region by en.lighten, the
environmental and energy benets of the transition will equal a total of 942.7 kt of CO2 not being released
into the atmosphere with the implementation of efcient lighting in the countries, in addition to 16.9 kg of
mercury savings. On average, all countries will decrease their national electricity consumption by 5% of totalconsumption with the transition. These savings will result from a decrease in energy consumption for lighting
by 34%, on average, per country. These numbers represent energy savings of 2,576 GWh/year of electricity
consumption for the region, or $406.5 million. At the same time, the savings in generated power will equal 360
MW, or 18 small generators (20MW).
Table 5 shows the benets of the transition for each country in the region except Belize because the country’s
results were not calculated during the lighting evaluation process.
Table 5. Benets of the transition to efcient lighting
Country
Savings
in
millions
of US$/
year
Energy
savings
GWh/year
Power
savings
MW
Percent
savings in
national
electricity
consumption
Percent
savings in
national
electricity
consumption
for lighting
Environmental
benets
kt of
CO2
Environmental
benets
kg of mercury
Costa Rica 58.9 453.9 60 5.20% 34.60% 28.4 0.3
El Salvador 30.2 260.7 40 4.70% 34.50% 71.7 0.2
Guatemala 120.5 529.9 80 6.40% 34.10% 196.5 5.3
Honduras 23.0 195.1 20 3.60% 27.30% 72.7 0.5
Nicaragua 27.2 144.4 20 5.30% 33.40% 73.1 0.2
Panamá 53.4 311.4 40 5.00% 34.60% 93.7 0.2
DominicanRepublic
93.3 680.4 100 4.80% 34.60% 406.6 10.2
Total 406.5 2575.8 360 942.1 16.9
Source: en.lighten country lighting assessments.
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1.2. Current situation of efcient lighting in the region
1.2.1. Electric energy in the region
Upon analyzing electricity generation by source, it is observed that in 2012 the hydroelectric plants in
Central America and the Dominican Republic generated the most energy, followed by thermal energy,geothermal, solar and wind. Nuclear energy is not generated in the region, as shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Installed capacity by type of plant
Country Hydroelectric
power
MW
Installed capacity by type of plant (MW)
Hydro Thermal Nuclear Others1 Total
Belize 900 53 91 0 0 144
Costa Rica2 6,474 1,700 613 0 410 2,723
El Salvador 2,165 472 871 0 204 1,547
Guatemala 5,000 891 1,570 0 42 2,510
Honduras 5,000 531 1,089 0 102 1,721
Nicaragua 2,000 105 852 0 150 1,108
Panamá 3,282 1,468 953 0 0.0 2,124
Dominican Republic 2,095 600 2,318 0 85 3,003
Source: Economic Energy Information System, OLADE, November 2012, corrected by Ministry representatives in 2013
Elaborated by: CNPML technical team
Table 6 shows the predominance of hydroelectric power in 2012. It is important to note the diversity of sources
used to generate electricity. Even though biomass waste and wood have been used for years to generate energy,
they have only recently been included in the analysis and are now becoming more important.
The region’s historic consumption has increased drastically in recent years, especially since the 90s in the
Dominican Republic, Costa Rica and Guatemala due mostly to electricity consumption.
_______________1 Others: Geothermal + solar + wind2 Updated through December 2012
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Illustration 1. Electric energy consumption 1970 - 2011, Central America and
the Dominican Republic
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Note: Belize only has records available since 2001
According to OLADE in an analysis of consumption by country in Central America and the Dominican
Republic in 2011, 12.98 TWh are consumed by the Dominican Republic, followed by 8.6 TWh by Costa Rica;
Belize and Nicaragua are the countries that consume the least amount of electricity in the region.
Table 7. Regional electricity consumption
Country Consumption in TWh
Belize 0.56
Costa Rica 8.6
El Salvador 5.9
Guatemala 8.49
Honduras 6.94
Nicaragua 3.75
Panamá 7.17
Dominican Republic 12.98
Source: Economic Energy Information System, OLADE, November 2012, Version 22
Elaborated by: CNPML technical team
0.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
35,000.0
40,000.0
45,000.0
50,000.0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
G W h
Consumo de energía eléctrica
Costa Rica Belice Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Panamá República Dominicana
Consumption of electric power
Belize Panama Dominican Republic
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1.2.2. Lighting and electricity consumption in the region
a) Estimated at the level of general lighting in the region
Table 8. General installed lighting in the region
County Incandescent CFL Other Fluorescents Total Installed
Belize 0.05 N.D. 0.30 0.35
Costa Rica 6.50 10.69 4.18 21.37
El Salvador 6.65 17.63 4.24 28.52
Guatemala 7.76 17.35 3.39 28.50
Honduras 0.10 9.14 3.05 12.29
Nicaragua 2.99 3.98 2.19 9.16
Panamá 1.01 5.67 9.40 16.08
Dominican Republic 8.59 49.09 4.31 61.99
Total in the region 33.64 113.52 31.07 178.23
Unit of measure = millions of units
• 63.7% of general lighting in the region are compact uorescent; 18.9% are incandescent.
• Countries that have made massive changes from incandescent (Panama, the Dominican Republic and Honduras)
have a particularly high level of use of CFL within the total of general lighting used, but the lack of sustainability
plans means that incandescent lights are becoming more present.
• El Salvador and Guatemala have high levels of use of CFL over incandescent.
• In the region there are still 33.64 million incandescent lights installed, which consume ve times more energy than
their equivalent CFL
b) Analysis of the specic type of general lighting used with respect to the total installed
Illustration 2. Types of general lighting installed
Elaborated by: CNPML technical team
Incandescents
19%
CFL
64%
Other Fluorescents
17%
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c ) A n a l y s i s o f g e n
e r a l l i g h t i n g u s e d b y r e s i d e n t i a
l c o n s u m e r s t h a t p a y f o r t h e s e r v i c e w i t h a s u b s i d y
T a b l e 9 . G e n e r a l l i g h t i n g i n s t a l l e d f o r s u b s i d i z
e d u s e r s
C o u n t r y
R a n g e o f
c o n s u m p t i o n
k W h
C
l i e n t s
w i t h
s u b
s i d i z e d
r a t e s
L i g h t s p e r
c l i e n t
T o t a l l i g
h t s
u s e d b
y
c l i e n t s
% i n c a n d e s c e n t
l i g h t s p e r c l i e n t
T
o t a l
i n c a n
d e s c e n t
l i g h t s
B e l i z e 3
0 – 6 0
6 , 7 8 9
4
2 7 , 1 5 6
5 0 %
1 3 , 5 7 8
C o s t a R i c a 4
0 – 2 0 0
3 3 6 , 5 0 5
4
1 , 3 4 6 , 0 2 0
5 0 %
6 7
3 , 0 1 0
E l S a l v a d o r 5
0 – 9 9
9 6 6 , 0 6 0
5
4 , 8 3 0 , 3 0 0
2 0 %
9 6
6 , 0 6 0
1 0 0 – 1 9 9
3 4 3 , 1 4 9
1 , 7 1 5 , 7 4 5
3 4
3 , 1 4 9
G u a t e m a l a 6
0 – 5 0
1 , 0
7 6 , 5 0 2
5
5 , 3 8 2 , 5 1 0
2 0 %
1 , 0 7 6 , 5 0 2
5 1 – 1 0 0
6 9 2 , 0 3 7
3 , 4 6 0 , 1 8 5
6 9
2 , 0 3 7
1 0 1 – 3 0 0
6 4 0 , 7 7 4
3 , 2 0 3 , 8 7 0
6 4
0 , 7 7 4
H o n d u r a s 7
0 – 1 5 0
5 2 4 , 1 6 8
5
2 , 5 5 0 , 0 0 0
2 0 %
5 2
4 , 1 6 8
N i c a r a g u a 8
0 – 2 5
7 0 0 , 0 5 1
4
2 , 8 0 0 , 2 0 4
2 5 %
7 0
0 , 0 5 1
2 6 - 5 0
5 1 – 1 0 0
1 0 1 – 1 5 0
P a n a m a 9
0 – 1 0 0
2 5 2 , 7 2 9
4
1 , 0 1 0 , 9 1 6
5 0 %
5 0
5 , 4 5 8
1 0 1 – 2 0 0
2 7 9 , 2 4 0
1 , 1 1 6 , 9 6 0
5 5
8 , 4 8 0
D o m i n i c a n R e p u b l i c 1 0
0 – 2 0 0
5 1 1 , 8 5 4
5
2 , 5 5 9 , 2 7 0
8 0 %
2 , 0 4 7 , 4 1 6
2 0 1 – 3 0 0
T O T A
L
6 , 3
2 9 , 8 5 8
3 0 , 0 7 3 , 9
7 6
8 , 7 4 0 , 6 8 3
3
S o u r c e o f i n f o r m a t i o n : M i n i
s t e r i o d e E n e r g í a , C i e n c i a y T e c n o l o g í a i n
B e l i z e , 2 0 1 3 .
4 C o s t a R i c a d o e s n o t h a v e a r a t e s u b s i d i z e d b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t . F o r t h i s
s t u d y , c l i e n t s w h o c o n s u m e d l e s s t h a n 2 0 0 k W h w e r e u s e d a s l o w - i n c o m e . S o u r c e o f i n f o r m a t i o n : I n s t i t u t o
C o s t a r r i c e n s e d e E l e c t r i c i d d
a n d E n e r g y S e c t o r O f c e , 2 0 1 3 .
5 S o u r c e : C o n s e j o N a c i o n a l d e E n e r g í a , 2 0 1 3
6 S o u r c e : w e b s i t e o f C o m i s i ó n
N a c i o n a l d e E n e r g í a E l é c t r i c a , 2 0 1 3
7 S o u r c e : w e b s i t e o f E m p r e s a
N a c i o n a l d e E n e r g í a E l é c t r i c a , 2 0 1 3
8 S o u r c e : M i n i s t e r i o d e E n e r g í a y M i n a s , I n s t i t u t o N i c a r a g ü e n s e d e E n e r g í a , 2 0 1 3
9 S o u r c e : A u t o r i d a d N a c i o n a l d e S e r v i c i o s P ú b l i c o s , S e c r e t a r i a N a c i o n a l
d e E n e r g í a , 2 0 1 3
1 0 S o u r c e : C o m i s i ó n N a c i o n a l
d e E n e r g í a , S u p e r i n t e n d e n c i a d e E l e c t r i c i d
a d , 2 0 1 3
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1.2.3. Initiatives in the region to transition to efcient lighting
Several initiatives have been undertaken in the region to transition to efcient lighting, including national or
pilot programs to hand out free CFL to substitute incandescent light bulbs for residential use, regulations that
prohibit incandescent lighting that have been approved or are under consideration, the approval of technicalstandards that provide incentives for lighting efciency, actions to label products and the EnergICE label in
Costa Rica to delineate CFL efciency and quality and agreements with international cooperation agencies for
lighting efciency initiatives, among others. Appendix 1 presents greater detail about initiatives in the region
by country.
1.2.4. Legal framework for efcient lighting
Several countries in the region, in addition to lighting efciency initiatives, have begun to create a legal
framework to ensure the continuity and sustainability of lighting and energy efciency. However, there is still
work left to be done to implement these frameworks since most countries have laws and regulations, but fewhave implementation mechanisms. The following lists include the main regulations found in each country.
Belize: There are no approved regulations, nor any in process. In 2011 the Government of Belize published
a proposal for a national energy policy that included priority areas of ensuring supply, protecting the
environment and competitiveness and energy efciency.
Costa Rica: This country has a Regulatory on Rational Energy Use Act (Law. No. 7447) with regulations
for practically every type of uorescent light and accessories (CATR 376:2000 year 2000). In addition,
it has three technical standards regulating energy efciency for CFL and circline light bulbs (INTE 28-
01-07-2008 year 2008), another for labeling (INTE 28-01-08-2008 year 2011) and a third about testing
methodologies for the rst two (INTE 28-01-09-2008 year 2009).
El Salvador: This country has standards on efciency and performance for FL tubes (MSS: 29.39.01:04
year 2004) and CFL (MSS 29.47.01:09 year 2009). In addition, it has a regulation on testing methodologies
to determine electrical measurements and photometrics of CFL and circline light bulbs, requirements for
energy performance and labeling (NSR 25.47.05:09 year 2010).
Guatemala: This country has a regulation on energy efciency for self-ballasted CFL light bulbs in
the process of being approved (COGUANOR NTG 20003) and has approved a testing methodology to
determine electrical measurements and photometrics of CFL and circline light bulbs (COGUANOR NTG
21015). The country also has a voluntary labeling system.
Honduras: This country has a technical standard for energy efciency of self-ballasted CFL, requirements
and labeling (OHN 9:2011 and OHN 10:2011 year 2011) and a law that prohibits the import and sale of
incandescent light bulbs and substitution for CFL (Decree 112-2007).
Nicaragua: This country has two technical standards for self-ballasted CFL – one for energy efciency
(NTON 10 008 – 08 year 2008) and the other for classication and labeling (NTON 10 009 – 08 year
2008).
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Panama: This country has Law No. 69 (October 12, 2012), which establishes a national policy for energy
efciency. They are in the process of approving regulations needed for implementation of the Law.
Dominican Republic: This country is contemplating the Energy Efciency and Resource Savings Act. It
has two technical standards approved for CFL: one on efciency (NORDOM 29 003 – 02) and another
for labeling (NORDOM 29 003 – 03).
For more information see Appendix 2, which presents a summary of the region’s legislation.
In addition to establishing a legal framework to promote and sustain energy efciency, most countries
have environmental legislation for the appropriate use and disposal of waste products. The following
Table presents legislation that regulates waste in each country
.
Table 10. Environmental legislation for waste in the region
Country Type Name
Belize Standard Standard for hazardous waste, 2009.
Costa Rica LawRegulation
Comprehensive Waste Management Act, Nº 8839.Regulation for Comprehensive Electronic Waste Management, Nº35933-S.
El Salvador Regulation Special Regulation on Hazardous Substances, By-products and Waste,Decree 41 DO 107 T- 347, year 2000.
Guatemala Law Waste and Special Solid Waste Management Act and Policy.
Honduras Regulation Solid Waste Management, 378-2001.
Nicaragua Standard NTON 05-014-02 Environmental technical standard for themanagement, treatment and nal disposal of non-hazardous solidwaste, NTON 05-0015-02, environmental technical standard for themanagement and elimination of hazardous solid waste and NTON05-013-01 environmental technical standard for the environmentalcontrol of landlls for non-hazardous solid waste.
Panama Law General Solid Waste Act, 2013.
DominicanRepublic
Standard Hazardous and Non-hazardous Waste Management, Treatment andDisposal.
Elaborated by: CNPML team
As indicated above, environmental legislation on waste lacks specic regulations or standards for CFL
waste. However, all countries have undersigned the Basel Convention controlling the transboundary
movement of hazardous waste and their disposal and also have participated in the process to undersign
the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Despite this fact, every country needs to work on creating and
establishing regulations and standards for the proper disposal and management of efcient lighting devices
at the end of their service life.
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1.2.5. Free trade agreements
In many cases free trade agreements are conditioned to countries improving best practices in environmental
management, clean production, emissions reductions and energy efciency. Conditions must be established
by pertinent national policies and standards. Countries that have made efforts to transition to efcient lighting
can demonstrate that they have taken actions to improve their environmental conditions. Central Americancountries that have free trade agreements with the European Union, the United States, Mexico and others have
advantages over those that have made no progress on improving national environmental quality.
“Prohibition” mechanisms or the appropriately called mechanisms to transition to efcient lighting exist
because of international trade agreements. For example, the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT 11) responds to non-tariff barriers and technical requirements that products
must comply with and their respective evaluation procedures. All member countries of the WTO (including
Central America) have the right to elaborate technical requirements (e.g. minimum standards and labeling for
lighting) and procedures to evaluate product quality (e.g. MVE) as long as they do not create unnecessary
barriers to international trade. Technical requirements and procedures must be framed within what the WTO
called “legitimate objectives,” such as harmonization and transparency, among others.
With respect to harmonization, it is important to note that the TBT obligates WTO members to base their technical
regulations, standards and evaluation procedures on international standards, directives and recommendations if
available, except when countries believe they are inappropriate or inefcient. The idea behind harmonization
is to avoid unnecessary duplications of technical regulations and evaluation procedures and to try to promote
the use of international standards. Therefore, the harmonization of standards and labeling that Central America
is attempting to do responds more to the free trade agreements, since they will facilitate the import/export of
efcient devices with trade partners.
Internationally, the European Union demands and supports that other countries approve new measures or
reinforce existing ones to reduce greenhouse gases.12
Therefore, any action taken to reduce emissions in CentralAmerica, including through transitions to efcient lighting, will be supported by the EU. Instead of being an
obstacle to signing free trade agreements with the region, this transition will be a point in the region’s favor.
Appendix 3 references other free trade agreements around the world.
1.2.6. Current support mechanisms
The region has experienced a good number of initiatives and support mechanisms to promote energy
efciency. Based on a report of the current situation of lighting efciency in the region, all countries, with
the exception of Belize, report having national programs to encourage energy efciency. All have received
support from international cooperation agencies, such as GIZ (Germany), USAID (United States Agency for
International Development) and OLADE (Latin American Energy Organization), among others, for energy
efciency projects, including lighting efciency. Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic have proposals for
laws to provide tax breaks for efcient lighting devices. In addition, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua are
working on energy efciency policies. Beyond these efforts, one must also consider the initiatives mentioned
above in section 1.2.2.
______________________11 More information can be found at: http://www.wto.org/spanish/docs_s/legal_s/17-tbt.pdf 12 More information on mitigating climate change can be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/publications/docs/supporting_a_climate_for_
change_en.pdf
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Costa Rica has an energy efciency laboratory owned by the ICE Corporation (Instituto Costarricense de
Electricidad), which provides services for electrical measurements, photometrics, chromatic measurements
and performance of lighting devices. ICE has an accredited testing methodology to evaluate self-ballasted
CFL (IESNA LM-66-00) and electrical features (INTE 28-01-09-08) (current, real power, lm/W efciency,
total harmonic distortion of the current and power factor), photometric characteristics (initial ow, color
temperature, chromatic coordinates and color rendering index) and maturation evaluations.
1.2.7. Identied barriers
The transition to efcient lighting in the region could face several types of obstacles, including: nancial,
market, regulatory, institutional, informational and awareness and environmental barriers. Table 11 presents
obstacles found in the transition in the region.
Table 11. Obstacles in the region
Obstacles in the region
Financial obstacles-
High costs of CFL and LED lights in the local and regional market whencompared to incandescent lights.
- Not all countries have tax incentives or nancing mechanisms for energy orlighting efciency
Market obstacles - Inhabitants lack a culture of conserving resources in the region, including energyefciency.
- Little competition or diversication of products in the market.
- Not all countries have an enforcement or monitoring system for lighting productsin the market. Of those that do have a system, not all have proactive institutions.
- There is no lighting production in the region.
- In the case of the Dominican Republic, there are local factories producingincandescent lighting that will have to change their technologies.
Regulatory andinstitutionalobstacles
- Not all countries have policies, legislation, regulations or standards for energyefciency.
- Countries that have technical policies, legislation, regulations or standards forenergy efciency have not standardized them across borders.
- No country in the region has a label for energy efciency, except Costa Rica,which has the EnergICE for different types and brands of CFL.
Technical obstacles - Most countries, except Belize, Honduras and the Dominican Republic haveMinimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS). However, every country,except Costa Rica, lacks a system to verify the standards.
- Institutions that verify those standards do not have technical expertise to verifylighting products properly, such as accredited laboratories or trained personnel.
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Obstacles in the region
Informational andawareness obstacles
- Little programming and dissemination of the benets of efcient lighting.
- Lack of nancial resources to promote efcient lighting.
Environmental
obstacles
- No inventory of light bulbs in the region.
- No treatment plants for light bulb waste, and specically, mercury waste.
- Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic havelegislation and regulations for hazardous and special waste management, butimplementation has been inconsistent.
- No country has appropriate nal disposal practices for light bulbs, since mostend up in landlls and open dumps.
Source: Situación actual de iluminación eciente en Centroamérica, Mesoamerica Project. 2013.
1.3. Goals of the Regional Lighting Efciency Strategy
The purpose of the en.lighten initiative is to transform the current global lighting market to one of lighting
efciency by promoting efcient and high-performing lighting technologies and eliminating sources of
inefcient lighting.
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2. Minimum EnergyPerformance Standards
2.1. Current situation
The countries in the region have established some minimum standards that can be found in their regulations. The
following Table presents a sample of minimum standards established by three countries that have regulations
for 18 to 20W CFL. For other powers and models (with a cover, reector, etc.) there are no standards in the
current regulations. Honduras does prohibit the import and sale of incandescent lighting in its regulatory
framework.
Table 12. Minimum energy performance standards for 18 to 20 W CFL light bulbs
SpecicationCosta Rica
(INTE 2801)
El Salvador
(MSS 2947)
Nicaragua
(NTON 10 008)
Efcacy. 52 lm/W 52 lm/W 52 lm/W
Lifetime. 10,000 h N/A 6,000 h
Continuity of light ow
over the service life. N/A N/A
90% de nominal (100
h), 80% (2000 h)
Color rendering index
(CRI). N/A N/A N/A
Power factor. 0.5 0.5 0.5
Maximum mercury
content in the bulb.
N/A N/A N/A
N/A: Does not apply to this parameter in the standard
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2.1.1. Legal frameworks in the countries
Most countries have voluntary standards that include minimum energy performance standards as mentioned in
section 2.1. For more information on existing legal frameworks, see Appendix 2.
2.1.2. International context for lighting standards
During the last two decades, several countries have adopted policies to improve product energy efciency. One
of the most common policies relates to minimum energy performance standards.
Several evaluations have been done around the world that conclude that MEPS have produced substantial
benets at a low cost, which has led many countries, including most developed countries, to pass regulations
about minimum standards. Other countries have passed legislation and are already implementing it.
Appendix 4 shows a map that highlights countries in red that have established minimum standards or are
implementing those standards. The Appendix also has a summary of the main implementation actions taken
by those countries.
.
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2 . 2 . L o g i c a l f r a m
e w o r k
O b j e c t i v e [ i n p r i o r i t y o r d e r ]
E x p e c t e d R e s u l t s
P r i o r i t y A c t i v i t i e s
R e s p o n s i b l e
P a r t y
T i
m e f r a m e
A p p r o v e m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s t o
b e e s t a b l i s h e d i n c o u n t r i e
s i n t h e
r e g i o n
T h a t t h e m i n i m u m s t a
n d a r d s
e s t a b l i s h e d f o r g e n e r a
l
l i g h t i n g d e v i c e s g u a r a
n t e e a
r e d u c t i o n i n e l e c t r i c i t y
c o n s u m p t i o n a n d a s s o
c i a t e d
C O 2 e m i s s i o n s a n d t h a t t h e
s t a n d a r d s , c o n d i t i o n s f o r
a p p l i c a t i o n a n d p e r i o d
o f
v a l i d i t y b e d e f i n e d s o
t h a t t h e
m a r k e t h a s c o n t i n u o u s
s u p p l y .
2 . 3 . 1 . R e v i e w a n d s t u
d y
s t a n d a r d s a n d e x p e r i e
n c e s
i n t h e a r e a a n d o t h e r
r e l e v a n t b a c k g r o u n d
i n f o r m a t i o n .
C o n s u l t i n g t e a m /
O c
t o b e r 2 0 1 3
2 . 3 . 2 . P r o p o s e m i n i m
u m
e f f i c i e n c y , q u a l i t y , s a
f e t y
a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m
p a c t
s t a n d a r d s .
C o n s u l t i n g t e a m /
O c
t o b e r 2 0 1 3
2 . 3 . 3 . D e v e l o p a p r o p
o s a l
t o a p p l y a n d u p d a t e
m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s a
n d
t h e i r p e r i o d s o f v a l i d i t y .
C o n s u l t i n g t e a m /
O c
t o b e r 2 0 1 3
2 . 3 . 4 . P r o p o s e
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s c h e d u l e
f o r p r o p o s e d m i n i m u m
s t a n d a r d s .
C o n s u l t i n g t e a m /
O c
t o b e r 2 0 1 3
2 . 3 . 5 . A p p r o v e p r o p o
s a l t o
a p p l y a n d u p d a t e m i n
i m u m
s t a n d a r d s a n d t h e i r p e r i o d s
o f v a l i d i t y , a s w e l l a s
t h e
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s c h e d u l e .
C o u n c i l o f
M i n i s t e r s o f
E n e r g y
D e
c e m b e r 2 0 1 3
E D M P
E D M P
E D M P
E D M P
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O b j e c t i v e [ i n p r i o r i t y o r d e r ]
E x p e c t e d R e s u l t s
P r i o r i t y A c t i v i t i e s
R e s p o n s i b l e
P a r t y
T i m e f r a m e
A p p r o v e C e n t r a l A m e r i c a n
T e c h n i c a l R e g u l a t i o n s ( C
A T R )
f o r L i g h t i n g t h a t e s t a b l i s h
m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s f o r 2
0 1 4 ,
s p r e a d a w a r e n e s s , t r a i n a c t o r s
d i r e c t l y i n v o l v e d i n t h e i r
a p p l i c a t i o n a n d i n c o r p o r a
t e t h e
C A T R i n t o
r e g u l a t o r y f r a m e w o r k s t o
g u a r a n t e e t h a t a l l l i g h t i n g
d e v i c e s s o l d i n t h e r e g i o n
b e g i n n i n g i n J a n u a r y 2 0 1
8
c o m p l y w i t h t h e a p p r o v e d
m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s .
T h e a p p r o v a l i n 2 0 1 4
o f t h e
C e n t r a l A m e r i c a n T e c h n i c a l
R e g u l a t i o n s ( C A T R ) c h a p t e r
e s t a b l i s h i n g m i n i m u m
s t a n d a r d s , w i t h t h e i r
a p p l i c a t i o n r e g u l a t i o n
s a n d
p e r i o d i c u p d a t i n g , s o t h a t i n
J u l y 2 0 1 5 c o u n t r i e s c a n b e g i n
t h e c o m p l i a n c e p r o c e s s f o r
l i g h t i n g d e v i c e s . I n J a
n u a r y
2 0 1 7 n o n - c e r t i f i e d l i g
h t i n g
d e v i c e s w i l l n o t b e a l l o w e d
f o r i m p o r t , a n d i n J a n u a r y
2 0 1 8 a l l d e v i c e s s o l d i n t h e
r e g i o n w i l l b e c e r t i f i e d i n
c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e
m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s .
2 . 3 . 6 . E l a b o r a t e a n d
p r e s e n t a n e x p r e s s i o n
o f
i n t e r e s t t o c r e a t e t h e C A T R
f o r e f f i c i e n t l i g h t i n g w i t h a
j u s t i f i c a t i o n a n d
f o u n d a t i o n a l a r g u m e n t s o
t h a t t h e y a r e a p p l i e d a n d
c o m p l i e d w i t h b y a l l
c o u n t r i e s i n t h e r e g i o
n a n d
i n c l u d e d i n t h e A c t i o n P l a n
f o r t h e C u s t o m s U n i o
n a n d
t h e C u s t o m s O f f i c e s i n
B e l i z e a n d t h e D o m i n i c a n
R e p u b l i c .
J a n u a r y 2 0 1 4
2 . 3 . 7 . E l a b o r a t e a t e s t i n g
m e t h o d o l o g y p r o p o s a l t o
v e r i f y c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e
m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s a
n d t h e
c h a p t e r o n m i n i m u m
s t a n d a r d s i n t h e C A T
R o n
L i g h t i n g i n c o n s u l t a t i o n
w i t h n a t i o n a l a c t o r s t o
r e a c h c o n s e n s u s i n t h
e
r e g i o n a n d b e a b l e t o
s h a r e
t h a t c o n s e n s u s i n t h e
n e x t
r o u n d o f m e e t i n g s w i t h t h e
M e s o a m e r i c a
P r o j e c t , L i g h t i n g
L a b o r a t o r y i n
C o s t a R i c a ,
N a t i o n a l
R e g u l a t o r y
C o m m i t t e e s a n d
e n e r g y a u t h o r i t i e s
i n t h e c o u n t r i e s i n
t h e r e g i o n .
J a n u a r y - A u g u s t
2 0
1 4
E D M P
t h e r e g i o n ’ s
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O b j e c t i v e [ i n p r i o r i t y o r d e r ]
E x p e c t e d R e s u l t s
P r i o r i t y A c t i v i t i e s
R e s p o n s i b l e
P a r t y
T i m e f r a m e
C U a n d C u s t o m s O f f
i c e s
o f B e l i z e a n d t h e
D o m i n i c a n R e p u b l i c
t o
i n c o r p o r a t e t h e i r
c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , r e c e i v e
t h e i r s u p p o r t a n d p r e s e n t
t h e r e g u l a t i o n s f o r a p
p r o v a l
b y C O M I E C O .
2 . 3 . 8 . A p p r o v e t h e c h
a p t e r
o f t h e C A T R t h a t
e s t a b l i s h e s m i n i m u m
s t a n d a r d s a n d e v e r y t h i n g
r e l a t e d t o t h e i r a p p l i c
a t i o n ,
p e r i o d s o f v a l i d i t y a n
d
u p d a t i n g a n d o t h e r f a
c t o r s
g u a r a n t e e i n g t h e i r
c o m p l e t e i m p l e m e n t a
t i o n .
C O M I E C O
D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 4
2 . 3 . 9 . D e v e l o p a p l a n
t o
c o m m u n i c a t e t h e a p p
r o v e d
r e g u l a t i o n s a n d a t r a i n i n g
p r o g r a m o n t h e m f o r
a l l
d i r e c t a c t o r s ( p r o d u c e r s ,
l a b o r a t o r i e s , C u s t o m s
o f f i c i a l s , r e g u l a t o r s ,
r e t a i l e r s , e t c . ) a n d d e v e l o p
a p l a n t o a d j u s t n a t i o n a l
r e g u l a t o r y f r a m e w o r k s .
N a t i o n a l e n e r g y
a u t h o r i t i e s a n d
n a t i o n a l t e c h n i c a l
r e g u l a t o r y
a g e n c i e s .
J a n u a r y - J u n e
2 0
1 5
2 . 3 . 1 0 . D e v e l o p t h e
p r o c e s s t o c e r t i f y l i g h
t i n g
A c c r e d i t e d
l a b o r a t o r i e s
J u l y 2 0 1 5 –
D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 6
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O b j e c t i v e [ i n p r i o r i t y o r d e r ]
E x p e c t e d R e s u l t s
P r i o r i t y A c t i v i t i e s
R e s p o n s i b l e
P a r t y
T i m e f r a m e
d e v i c e s c o m p l y i n g w
i t h t h e
a p p r o v e d m i n i m u m
s t a n d a r d s .
a p p r o v e d b y t h e
C A T R a n d r e t a i l
c o m p a n i e s i n t h e
c o u n t r i e s i n t h e
r e g i o n .
2 . 3 . 1 1 . E s t a b l i s h t h a t
b e g i n n i n g i n J a n u a r y
2 0 1 7
a l l i m p o r t e d l i g h t i n g
d e v i c e s m u s t b e c e r t i f i e d ,
a n d b e g i n n i n g i n J a n u a r y
2 0 1 8 , a l l l i g h t i n g d e v
i c e s
s o l d i n t h e r e g i o n b e
c e r t i f i e d i n c o m p l i a n c e
w i t h t h e a p p r o v e d
m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s .
N a t i o n a l e n e r g y
a n d e c o n o m y
a u t h o r i t i e s .
J a n u a r y 2 0 1 7 -
J a n u a r y 2 0 1 8
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2.3. Detailed process to implement minimum standards in the region
2.3.1. Basis for the proposal
a) Study on minimum standards established in different countries around the world, and in particular, those
approved in Mexico, Colombia, Cuba, COPAM regulation for CFL, the United States and Ecuador.
b) Compare results from verication studies on lighting devices from three countries in the region
submitted by laboratories in Beijing and Costa Rica.
c) Results from verication studies done by the laboratory in Costa Rica on lighting devices from different
suppliers in the region between 2012 and the present.
d) Recommendations collected on the topic presented in the transition plan to efcient lighting done by
UNEP/en.lighten.
e) Studying projects developed to transition to efficient lighting in Cuba, Australia, Argentinaand Ecuador. Analysis of transitions in Latin America that have not been sustainable and
the reasons. Consideration of criteria and opinions from different manufacturers of efficient
lighting devices
2.3.2. Proposed minimum standards for efciency, quality, safety and environmental impact in the
region
General terms of the proposal
a) Minimum standards are established for all general interior lighting devices for bedrooms, living rooms,
ofces and retail stores, excluding those standards referring to environmental impacts that limit theamount of mercury in the light and that only apply to CFL.
b) Lighting devices of any power and voltage between 12 and 277 volts, with frequencies of 50-60 hertz
and any type of lamp and any color temperature that are manufactured, assembled, imported or sold in
the countries in the region must comply with these standards.
c) Lamps that incorporate control accessories within the body of the lamp, such as photocells, motion
sensors, radio controls or dimmers, CFL with reectors and modular CFL are excluded from
compliance given their specialized use, their limited use in the region and because those controls
limit their lighting efciency and other technologies achieve very high efciency
Proposed minimum standards
a) The minimum values for efciency, quality, safety and environmental impacts that general lighting
devices must register, except for the abovementioned exceptions, in order to be manufactured or
assembled, imported and/or sold in the countries in the region are the following:
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I. Efciency
Table 13. CFL efciency
Power range
(Watts)
Lighting efciency (lumens/watts)
Uncovered Covered
7 or less 45 36
Greater than 7 to 11 50 41
Greater than 11 to 15 54 46
Greater than 15 to 18 57 49
Greater than 18 to 23 60 52
Greater than 23 62 55
• Average lighting efciency levels in samples of lighting devices in process of verication