Chapter 7 Electrochemistry §7.10 Application of EMF and electrode potential.
Reduction Electrode Potential
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Legend: (s) – solid; (l) – liquid; (g) – gas; (aq) – aqueous (default for all charged species); (Hg) – amalgam . Half-reaction E° (V) [note 1] Ref . Sr + + e − Sr −3.80 [1] Ca + + e − Ca −3.80 [1] Pr 3+ + e − Pr 2+ −3.1 [1] 3 ⁄2 N 2 (g) + H + + e − HN 3 (aq) −3.09 [2] [3] Li + + e − Li(s) −3.0401 [3] [4] N2(g) + 4 H2O + 2 e − 2 NH 2 OH (aq) + 2 OH − −3.04 [2] Cs + + e − Cs(s) −3.026 [3] Ca(OH)2 + 2 e − Ca + 2 OH - −3.02 [1] Er 3+ + e − Er 2+ −3.0 [1] Ba(OH)2 + 2 e − Ba + 2 OH - −2.99 [1] Rb + + e − Rb(s) −2.98 [3] K + + e − K(s) −2.931 [3] Ba 2+ + 2 e − Ba(s) −2.912 [3] La (OH)3(s) + 3 e − La(s) + 3 OH − −2.90 [3]
description
Reduction Electrode Potential
Transcript of Reduction Electrode Potential
Legend: (s) solid; (l) liquid; (g) gas; (aq) aqueous (default for all charged species); (Hg) amalgam
Legend: (s) solid; (l) liquid; (g) gas; (aq) aqueous (default for all charged species); (Hg) amalgam.
Half-reactionE(V)[note 1]Ref.
Sr++eSr3.80[1]
Ca++eCa3.80[1]
Pr3++ePr2+3.1[1]
32N2(g) +H++eHN3(aq)3.09[2]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential_(data_page)" \l "cite_note-van92-4" [3]
Li++eLi(s)3.0401[3]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential_(data_page)" \l "cite_note-atkinshriver-5" [4]
N2(g) + 4H2O + 2e2NH2OH(aq) + 2OH3.04[2]
Cs++eCs(s)3.026[3]
Ca(OH)2+ 2eCa + 2 OH-3.02[1]
Er3++eEr2+3.0[1]
Ba(OH)2+ 2eBa + 2 OH-2.99[1]
Rb++eRb(s)2.98[3]
K++eK(s)2.931[3]
Ba2++ 2eBa(s)2.912[3]
La(OH)3(s) + 3eLa(s) + 3OH2.90[3]
Fr++eFr2.9[1]
Sr2++ 2eSr(s)2.899[3]
Sr(OH)2+ 2eSr + 2 OH-2.88[1]
Ca2++ 2eCa(s)2.868[3]
Eu2++ 2eEu(s)2.812[3]
Ra2++ 2eRa(s)2.8[3]
Ho3++eHo2+2.8[1]
Bk3++eBk2+2.8[1]
Yb2++ 2eYb2.76[1]
Na++eNa(s)2.71[3]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential_(data_page)" \l "cite_note-Atk-6" [5]
Mg++eMg2.70[1]
Nd3++eNd2+2.7[1]
Mg(OH)2+ 2eMg + 2 OH-2.690[1]
Sm2++ 2eSm2.68[1]
Be2O32-+ 3 H2O + 4e2 Be + 6 OH-2.63[1]
Pm3++ePm2+2.6[1]
Dy3++eDy2+2.6[1]
No2++ 2eNo2.50[1]
HfO(OH)2+ H2O + 4eHf + 4 OH-2.50[1]
Th(OH)4+ 4eTh + 4 OH-2.48[1]
Md2++ 2eMd2.40[1]
Tm2++ 2eTm2.4[1]
La3++ 3eLa(s)2.379[3]
Y3++ 3eY(s)2.372[3]
Mg2++ 2eMg(s)2.372[3]
ZrO(OH)2(s) +H2O + 4eZr(s) + 4OH2.36[3]
Pr3++ 3ePr2.353[1]
Ce3++ 3eCe2.336[1]
Er3++ 3eEr2.331[1]
Ho3++ 3eHo2.33[1]
H2AlO3-+ H2O + 3eAl + 4 OH-2.33[1]
Nd3++ 3eNd2.323[1]
Tm3++ 3eTm2.319[1]
Al(OH)3(s) + 3eAl(s) + 3OH2.31
Sm3++ 3eSm2.304[1]
Fm2++ 2eFm2.30[1]
Am3++eAm2+2.3[1]
Dy3++ 3eDy2.295[1]
Lu3++ 3eLu2.28[1]
Tb3++ 3eTb2.28[1]
Gd3++ 3eGd2.279[1]
H2+ 2e2H-2.23[1]
Es2++ 2eEs2.23[1]
Pm2++ 2ePm2.2[1]
Tm3++eTm2+2.2[1]
Dy2++ 2eDy2.2[1]
Ac3++ 3eAc2.20[1]
Yb3++ 3eYb2.19[1]
Cf2++ 2eCf2.12[1]
Nd2++ 2eNd2.1[1]
Ho2++ 2eHo2.1[1]
Sc3++ 3eSc(s)2.077[6]
AlF63-+ 3eAl + 6 F-2.069[1]
Am3++ 3eAm2.048[1]
Cm3++ 3eCm2.04[1]
Pu3++ 3ePu2.031[1]
Pr2++ 2ePr2.0[1]
Er2++ 2eEr2.0[1]
Eu3++ 3eEu1.991[1]
Lr3++ 3eLr1.96[1]
Cf3++ 3eCf1.94[1]
Es3++ 3eEs1.91[1]
Pa4++ePa3+1.9[1]
Am2++ 2eAm1.9[1]
Th4++ 4eTh1.899[1]
Fm3++ 3eFm1.89[1]
Np3++ 3eNp1.856[1]
Be2++ 2eBe1.847[1]
H2PO2-+eP + 2 OH-1.82[1]
U3++ 3eU1.798[1]
Sr2++ 2eSr/Hg1.793[1]
H2BO3-+ H2O + 3eB + 4 OH-1.79[1]
ThO2+ 4H++ 4eTh + 2 H2O1.789[1]
HfO2++ 2 H++ 4eHf + H2O1.724[1]
HPO32-+ 2 H2O + 3eP + 5 OH-1.71[1]
SiO32-+ H2O + 4eSi + 6 OH-1.697[1]
Al3++ 3eAl(s)1.662[1]
Ti2++ 2eTi(s)1.63[5]
ZrO2(s) + 4H++ 4eZr(s) + 2H2O1.553[7]
Zr4++ 4eZr(s)1.45[7]
Ti3++ 3eTi(s)1.37[8]
TiO(s) + 2H++ 2eTi(s) +H2O1.31
Ti2O3(s) + 2H++ 2e2TiO(s) +H2O1.23
Zn(OH)42+ 2eZn(s) + 4OH1.199[7]
Mn2++ 2eMn(s)1.185[7]
Fe(CN)64+ 6H++ 2eFe(s) + 6HCN(aq)1.16[9]
Te(s) + 2eTe21.143[10]
V2++ 2eV(s)1.13[10]
Nb3++ 3eNb(s)1.099
Sn(s) + 4H++ 4eSnH4(g)1.07
SiO2(s) + 4H++ 4eSi(s) + 2H2O0.91
B(OH)3(aq) + 3H++ 3eB(s) + 3H2O0.89
Fe(OH)2(s) + 2eFe(s) + 2OH0.89[9]
Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O + 2e2Fe(OH)2(s) + 2OH0.86[9]
TiO2++ 2H++ 4eTi(s) +H2O0.86
2H2O+ 2eH2(g) + 2OH0.8277[7]
Bi(s) + 3H++ 3eBiH30.8[7]
Zn2++ 2eZn(Hg)0.7628[7]
Zn2++ 2eZn(s)0.7618[7]
Ta2O5(s) + 10H++ 10e2Ta(s) + 5H2O0.75
Cr3++ 3eCr(s)0.74
[Au(CN)2]+eAu(s) + 2CN0.60
Ta3++ 3eTa(s)0.6
PbO(s) +H2O + 2ePb(s) + 2OH0.58
2TiO2(s) + 2H++ 2eTi2O3(s) +H2O0.56
Ga3++ 3eGa(s)0.53
U4++eU3+0.52[11]
H3PO2(aq) +H++eP(white)[note 2]+ 2H2O0.508[7]
H3PO3(aq) + 2H++ 2eH3PO2(aq) +H2O0.499[7]
H3PO3(aq) + 3H++ 3eP(red)[note 2]+ 3H2O0.454[7]
Fe2++ 2eFe(s)0.44[5]
2CO2(g) + 2H++ 2eHOOCCOOH(aq)0.43
Cr3++eCr2+0.42
Cd2++ 2eCd(s)0.40[5]
GeO2(s) + 2H++ 2eGeO(s) +H2O0.37
Cu2O(s) +H2O + 2e2Cu(s) + 2OH0.360[7]
PbSO4(s) + 2ePb(s) + SO420.3588[7]
PbSO4(s) + 2ePb(Hg) + SO420.3505[7]
Eu3++eEu2+0.35[11]
In3++ 3eIn(s)0.34[10]
Tl++eTl(s)0.34[10]
Ge(s) + 4H++ 4eGeH4(g)0.29
Co2++ 2eCo(s)0.28[7]
H3PO4(aq) + 2H++ 2eH3PO3(aq) +H2O0.276[7]
V3++eV2+0.26[5]
Ni2++ 2eNi(s)0.25
As(s) + 3H++ 3eAsH3(g)0.23[10]
AgI(s) +eAg(s) + I0.15224[7]
MoO2(s) + 4H++ 4eMo(s) + 2H2O0.15
Si(s) + 4H++ 4eSiH4(g)0.14
Sn2++ 2eSn(s)0.13
O2(g) +H++eHO2(aq)0.13
Pb2++ 2ePb(s)0.13[5]
WO2(s) + 4H++ 4eW(s) + 2H2O0.12
P(red) + 3H++ 3ePH3(g)0.111[7]
CO2(g) + 2H++ 2eHCOOH(aq)0.11
Se(s) + 2H++ 2eH2Se(g)0.11
CO2(g) + 2H++ 2eCO(g) +H2O0.11
SnO(s) + 2H++ 2eSn(s) +H2O0.10
SnO2(s) + 2H++ 2eSnO(s) +H2O0.09
WO3(aq) + 6H++ 6eW(s) + 3H2O0.09[10]
P(white) + 3H++ 3ePH3(g)0.063[7]
Fe3++ 3eFe(s)0.04[9]
HCOOH(aq) + 2H++ 2eHCHO(aq) +H2O0.03
2H++ 2eH2(g) 0.00000
AgBr(s) +eAg(s) + Br+0.07133[7]
S4O62+ 2e2S2O32+0.08
Fe3O4(s) + 8H++ 8e3Fe(s) + 4H2O+0.085[12]
N2(g) + 2H2O + 6H++ 6e2NH4OH(aq)+0.092
HgO(s) +H2O + 2eHg(l) + 2OH+0.0977
Cu(NH3)42++eCu(NH3)2++ 2NH3+0.10[10]
Ru(NH3)63++eRu(NH3)62++0.10[11]
N2H4(aq) + 4H2O + 2e2NH4++ 4OH+0.11[2]
H2MoO4(aq) + 6H++ 6eMo(s) + 4H2O+0.11
Ge4++ 4eGe(s)+0.12
C(s) + 4H++ 4eCH4(g)+0.13[10]
HCHO(aq) + 2H++ 2eCH3OH(aq)+0.13
S(s) + 2H++ 2eH2S(g)+0.14
Sn4++ 2eSn2++0.15
Cu2++eCu++0.159[10]
HSO4+ 3H++ 2eSO2(aq) + 2H2O+0.16
UO22++eUO2++0.163[11]
SO42+ 4H++ 2eSO2(aq) + 2H2O+0.17
TiO2++ 2H++eTi3++H2O+0.19
SbO++ 2H++ 3eSb(s) +H2O+0.20
AgCl(s) +eAg(s) + Cl+0.22233[7]
H3AsO3(aq) + 3H++ 3eAs(s) + 3H2O+0.24
GeO(s) + 2H++ 2eGe(s) +H2O+0.26
UO2++ 4H++eU4++ 2H2O+0.273[11]
Re3++ 3eRe(s)+0.300
Bi3++ 3eBi(s)+0.308[7]
VO2++ 2H++eV3++H2O+0.34
Cu2++ 2eCu(s)+0.340[10]
[Fe(CN)6]3+e[Fe(CN)6]4+0.36
O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e4OH(aq)+0.40[5]
H2MoO4+ 6H++ 3eMo3++ 2H2O+0.43
CH3OH(aq) + 2H++ 2eCH4(g) +H2O+0.50
SO2(aq) + 4H++ 4eS(s) + 2H2O+0.50
Cu++eCu(s)+0.520[10]
CO(g) + 2H++ 2eC(s) +H2O+0.52
I3+ 2e3I+0.53[5]
I2(s) + 2e2I+0.54[5]
[AuI4]+ 3eAu(s) + 4I+0.56
H3AsO4(aq) + 2H++ 2eH3AsO3(aq) +H2O+0.56
[AuI2]+eAu(s) + 2I+0.58
MnO4+ 2H2O + 3eMnO2(s) + 4OH+0.59
S2O32+ 6H++ 4e2S(s) + 3H2O+0.60
Fc++eFc(s)+0.641[13]
H2MoO4(aq) + 2H++ 2eMoO2(s) + 2H2O+0.65
+ 2H++ 2e
+0.6992[7]
O2(g) + 2H++ 2eH2O2(aq)+0.70
Tl3++ 3eTl(s)+0.72
PtCl62+ 2ePtCl42+ 2Cl+0.726[11]
H2SeO3(aq) + 4H++ 4eSe(s) + 3H2O+0.74
PtCl42+ 2ePt(s) + 4Cl+0.758[11]
Fe3++eFe2++0.77
Ag++eAg(s)+0.7996[7]
Hg22++ 2e2Hg(l)+0.80
NO3(aq) + 2H++eNO2(g) +H2O+0.80
2FeO42+ 5H2O + 6eFe2O3(s) + 10OH+0.81[9]
[AuBr4]+ 3eAu(s) + 4Br+0.85
Hg2++ 2eHg(l)+0.85
[IrCl6]2-+e[IrCl6]3-+0.87[4]
MnO4+H++eHMnO4+0.90
2Hg2++ 2eHg22++0.91[10]
Pd2++ 2ePd(s)+0.915[11]
[AuCl4]+ 3eAu(s) + 4Cl+0.93
MnO2(s) + 4H++eMn3++ 2H2O+0.95
[AuBr2]+eAu(s) + 2Br+0.96
[HXeO6]3+ 2H2O + 2e+[HXeO4]+ 4OH+0.99[14]
H6TeO6(aq) + 2H++ 2eTeO2(s) + 4H2O+1.02[15]
Br2(l) + 2e2Br+1.066[7]
Br2(aq) + 2e2Br+1.0873[7]
IO3+ 5H++ 4eHIO(aq) + 2H2O+1.13
[AuCl2]+eAu(s) + 2Cl+1.15
HSeO4+ 3H++ 2eH2SeO3(aq) +H2O+1.15
Ag2O(s) + 2H++ 2e2Ag(s) +H2O+1.17
ClO3+ 2H++eClO2(g) +H2O+1.18
[HXeO6]3+ 5H2O + 8eXe(g) + 11OH+1.18[14]
Pt2++ 2ePt(s)+1.188[11]
ClO2(g) +H++eHClO2(aq)+1.19
2IO3+ 12H++ 10eI2(s) + 6H2O+1.20
ClO4+ 2H++ 2eClO3+H2O+1.20
O2(g) + 4H++ 4e2H2O+1.229[5]
MnO2(s) + 4H++ 2eMn2++ 2H2O+1.23
[HXeO4]+ 3H2O + 6eXe(g) + 7OH+1.24[14]
Tl3++ 2eTl++1.25
Cr2O72+ 14H++ 6e2Cr3++ 7H2O+1.33
Cl2(g) + 2e2Cl+1.36[5]
CoO2(s) + 4H++eCo3++ 2H2O+1.42
2NH3OH++H++ 2eN2H5++ 2H2O+1.42[2]
2HIO(aq) + 2H++ 2eI2(s) + 2H2O+1.44
Ce4++eCe3++1.44
BrO3+ 5H++ 4eHBrO(aq) + 2H2O+1.45
-PbO2(s) + 4H++ 2ePb2++ 2H2O+1.460[10]
-PbO2(s) + 4H++ 2ePb2++ 2H2O+1.468[10]
2BrO3+ 12H++ 10eBr2(l) + 6H2O+1.48
2ClO3+ 12H++ 10eCl2(g) + 6H2O+1.49
MnO4+ 8H++ 5eMn2++ 4H2O+1.51
HO2+H++eH2O2(aq)+1.51
Au3++ 3eAu(s)+1.52
NiO2(s) + 4H++ 2eNi2++ 2OH+1.59
2HClO(aq) + 2H++ 2eCl2(g) + 2H2O+1.63
Ag2O3(s) + 6H++ 4e2Ag++ 3H2O+1.67
HClO2(aq) + 2H++ 2eHClO(aq) +H2O+1.67
Pb4++ 2ePb2++1.69[10]
MnO4+ 4H++ 3eMnO2(s) + 2H2O+1.70
AgO(s) + 2H++eAg++H2O+1.77
H2O2(aq) + 2H++ 2e2H2O+1.78
Co3++eCo2++1.82
Au++eAu(s)+1.83[10]
BrO4+ 2H++ 2eBrO3+H2O+1.85
Ag2++eAg++1.98[10]
S2O82+ 2e2SO42+2.010[7]
O3(g) + 2H++ 2eO2(g) +H2O+2.075[11]
HMnO4+ 3H++ 2eMnO2(s) + 2H2O+2.09
XeO3(aq) + 6H++ 6eXe(g) + 3H2O+2.12[14]
H4XeO6(aq) + 8H++ 8eXe(g) + 6H2O+2.18[14]
FeO42+ 3e+ 8H+Fe3++ 4H2O+2.20[16]
XeF2(aq) + 2H++ 2eXe(g) + 2HF(aq)+2.32[14]
H4XeO6(aq) + 2H++ 2eXeO3(aq) +H2O+2.42[14]
F2(g) + 2e2F+2.87[10]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential_(data_page)" \l "cite_note-Atk-6" [5]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential_(data_page)" \l "cite_note-atkinshriver-5" [4]
F2(g) + 2H++ 2e2HF(aq)+3.05[10]
1. ^Clicking on this column to re-sort by potential didnt work in theSafari web browserin v. 4.0.3 or earlier (but works in v. 4.0.5). In this case just reload the page to restore the original order.2. ^abNot specified in the indicated reference, but assumed due to the difference between the value 0.454 and that computed by (20.499 + 0.508)/3 = 0.502 exactly matching the difference between the values for white (0.063) and red (0.111) phosphorus in equilibrium with PH3.[edit]References http://www.jesuitnola.org/upload/clark/Refs/red_pot.htm
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/tables/electpot.html#c1
1. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarasatauavawaxayazbabbbcbdbebfbgbhbibjbkblbmbnbobpbqbrbsbtLide, David R., ed. (2006).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics(87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press.ISBN0-8493-0487-3.2. ^abcdGreenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).Chemistry of the Elements(2nd ed.).ButterworthHeinemann.ISBN0080379419.3. ^abcdefghijklmnopVansek, Petr (2011).Electrochemical Series, inHandbook of Chemistry and Physics: 92nd Edition(Chemical Rubber Company).4. ^abcAtkins, Peter (2010).Inorganic Chemistry (5th Edition). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp.153.ISBN9781429218207.5. ^abcdefghijklPeter Atkins (1997).Physical Chemistry, 6th edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York).6. ^David R. Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Internet Version 2005, , CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2005.7. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaVansek, Petr (2012)."Electrochemical Series". In Haynes, William M..Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 93rd Edition. Chemical Rubber Company. p.5-80.ISBN9781439880494..8. ^Gordon Aylward & Tristan Findlay (2008). "SI Chemical Data", 6th edition (John Wiley & Sons, Australia),ISBN 978-0-470-81638-7.9. ^abcdeWebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Iron | compounds information10. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrsBard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985).Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions(Marcel Dekker, New York).11. ^abcdefghijBard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001).Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc).12. ^Marcel Pourbaix (1966).Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions(NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels).13. ^Connelly, Neil G.; Geiger, William E. (1 January 1996). "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry".Chemical Reviews96(2): 877910.doi:10.1021/cr940053x.PMID11848774.14. ^abcdefgWebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Xenon | compounds information15. ^Cotton, F. Albert;Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999),Advanced Inorganic Chemistry(6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience,ISBN0-471-19957-516. ^Redox Reactions, Western Oregon University website
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