REDUCING ENERGY COSTS IN REDUCING ENERGY COSTS IN YOUR BUSINESS YOUR BUSINESS

28th May 2008 Waterford Chamber of Commerce

PRESENTER PROFILEPRESENTER PROFILE

P.J. HENRYEnvironmental, Health & Safety Consultant

• P.J Henry specialises in consultancy and training in Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety

• P.J. has 13 years experience in various multi-national companies as a facilities engineer/environmental professional and manager, having worked with such companies Braun, Wyeth and Abbott

• Certified Building energy Rating (BER) Assessor

• Specialises in Energy & Waste Reduction

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• Benefits of doing green business

• Reading your bill & Energy Ratings

• Overview of renewable energy

• Business energy savings tips

BENEFITS OF DOING BENEFITS OF DOING GREEN BUSINESSGREEN BUSINESS

WHY REDUCE ENERGY!WHY REDUCE ENERGY!

• Increased prices of fuel

• Legal requirements

• Global warming

• Sustainable development

BENEFITS FOR YOU!BENEFITS FOR YOU!

• Reduced costs

• Improved efficiency

• Improved Health and Safety

• Eliminate risk of fines

Case Study – Energy audit ResultsCase Study – Energy audit Results

• Hairdresser’s Salon – – Audit carried out in Nov 2007 at a cost of €1,000.– ESB bill = €2,500 / bill (€15,000 per annum)

• Audit Results :

– Analysis showed wrong tariff costing €250/bill (€1,500 per annum)• Tariff changed at no cost

– Changed electricity supplier with a 10% saving at no cost.• Saving €1,500 per annum

– Solar heating system– Capital cost €5,000 saving (saving €2,300 per annum)

• Total annual savings = €5,400

ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ESD

SOCIAL ECONOMICS

ENVIRONMENT

Case Study – Green Branding / PRCase Study – Green Branding / PR

• Companies using green branding :

• Tesco (Scotland) - Windmills

• Lenor – concentrated liquid / less packaging / reduced transport costs

• Ariel – reduced temperature powder (30 deg Cel)

• Jack Jones – CD made from solar energy

READING YOUR BILL & READING YOUR BILL & ENERGY RATINGSENERGY RATINGS

WHAT IS ENERGY?WHAT IS ENERGY?

“Energy” – from Greek en (in) and ergon (work)

Energy is the ability to do work, that is to move a body against a resisting force

Energy and work are measured in the units Joules (after James Joule,1818 – 1889).

The symbol is J.

The KWhThe KWh

The KiloWatt hour (KWh) is a unit of energy in common usage – a unit on your ESB bill.

A KWh is the amount of work produced or consumed by a 1kw appliance in 1 hour

1 KWh = 3,600 kj

A heater is rated at 2 kw and if running at full output for 1 hour, it will therefore use 2 KWh of electrical energy

YOUR ESB BILLYOUR ESB BILL

•Find on ESB website

•2 monthly

•Bill given in Kwh used

BER – LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

EU – Energy Performance of building regulation 2006

Applicable to all domestic buildings where planning permission has been sought on or after 1st July 2006

Applies to all non-domestic properties after 1st July 2008

Public building larger that 1000m2 must display their cert.

Applies to all properties for sale or rent after 1st January 2009

Building Energy RatingBuilding Energy Rating

What is a building energy assessment or rating ?

•A building energy assessment is a measure of the energy efficiency of your building.

•A building energy assessment will allow you to understand exactly where the most heat loss occurs in your dwelling and advise you on the most effective ways of increasing your home's energy efficiency and provide you with a benchmark rating level for your dwelling.

•An assessment report details simples ways to save you money on electricity and fuel bills

• EU – Energy Performance of buildings regulation 2006

• Applicable to all domestic buildings where planning permission has been sought on or after 1st July 2006

• Applies to all non-domestic properties after 1st July 2008

• Applies to all properties for sale or rent after 1st January 2009

Building Energy RatingBuilding Energy Rating

CASE STUDY – SMALL COMMERCIAL UNITQUANTITY PER YEAR

UNITS CONVERSION FACTOR KWh per year

ELECTRICITY

General Domestic 1,732 KWh 1.00 1,732

HEATING

Electric storage heaters 2,836 KWh 1.00 2,836

Oil (Kerosene) 1,158 Litres 10.18 11,788

Wood 0.189 Tonnes 3,889 735

Peat 0.093 Tonnes 5,362.50 499

Total KWh per year 17,590

AREA OF HOUSE 84

BER (KWh/m2/year)

D1 rating209

ELECTRICITY BER COMPONENT 21

HEAT ENERGY BER COMPONENT 189

ENERGY CONTENT OF FUELS

Fuel Units KWh per unit

Peat tonnes 5,362

Coal tonnes 7,759

Wood chips tonnes 3,700

Wood pellets tonnes 4,800

Natural Gas M3 11.24

Gas oil litres 10.55

LPG litres 7.09

Kerosene litres 10.18

Source : SEI 2005

OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGYENERGY

SOLAR ENERGYSOLAR ENERGY

• Solar energy is the mother of most renewable energies on earth. The sun powers natural cycles on earth like the wind, water flow and plant growth.

• But the sun is also such a reliable source of heat and light that we sometimes take it for granted.

• Generations have used glass and other materials and structures to capture and magnify the sun’s energy and these systems have gradually evolved to form the basis of mature techniques that are used today to harness solar energy.

• There are 3 basic approaches used today to gain maximum benefit of solar energy in buildings:

– Passive Solar– Active Solar Heating– Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems

SOLAR HEATING AT WORKSOLAR HEATING AT WORK

• While solar thermal systems are most common in homes, the same technology can be applied cost-effectively for larger applications where there is a significant demand for heat.

• This is especially the case where the heat demand is high during the summer when the solar output is at its highest.

• Hotels, swimming pools and sports centres are particularly interesting from that point of view.

• Buildings or other applications where there is a consistently high hot water demand all year round are also good cases for solar thermal e.g. nursing homes, spas, milking parlours, hairdressers etc.

• In large applications, active solar thermal systems are generally designed to cover 30 to 40% of the heat demand.

• As the price of energy continues to rise, a solar water heating system can reduce your running costs and provide an excellent return on investment for your business

SOLAR HEATING PANELSSOLAR HEATING PANELS

Contractor : Genertec, Little Island,Cork www.gernertec.ie Phone No : 021 4544225

Solar panels – West Cork

New York train station - PV panels

GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGEOTHERMAL ENERGY

• Geothermal energy refers to heat energy stored in the ground – Heat is supplied to the ground from two sources

namely the hot core of the planet and the sun. 

• Earth’s core– The centre of the earth is approximately

4,200 degrees celsius.  – Some of this heat is produced from the geological

process which helped to form the earth 4.5 billion years ago, but most of this heat is provided from the decay of radioactive isotopes. 

– The majority of this heat arrives at the surface of the earth at too low a temperature to be used for heating or power generation activities. 

 • Sun’s radiation

– The second source of heat in the ground is from radiation from the sun.  Solar thermal radiation is absorbed by the surface of the earth each day. 

– This energy can be regarded as stored energy which stays relatively warm throughout the year. This heat can then be extracted by using a ground source heat pump for example.

WIND ENERGYWIND ENERGY

• The Sun heats the earth unevenly, creating thermal air pockets.

– In order to achieve equal temperatures around the earth these air pockets move about the earth as wind.

– The energy that travels in the wind can be captured and converted to provide electricity.

• Wind energy provides a clean, sustainable solution to our energy problems.

– It can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels in generating electricity, without the emission of greenhouse gases. And there will always be wind; it is inexhaustible and renewable.

• It is envisaged that wind power will make the most significant contribution to the achievement of national and international targets for green electricity, due to its environmental benefits and increasing competitiveness.

WHAT IS BIOENERGY?WHAT IS BIOENERGY?

• Bioenergy is energy derived from biomass. 

• In essence bioenergy is the utilisation of solar energy that has been bound up in biomass during the process of photosynthesis.

• The photosynthesis process uses solar energy to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with water and various nutrients from the soil to produce plant matter - biomass.

• Bioenergy is therefore a renewable energy resource.

OCEAN ENERGYOCEAN ENERGY

• Introduction

– Ocean energy is a term used to refer to all forms of energy which may be extracted from the ocean. This can include energy contained in waves, tidal currents and thermal gradients.

– In the case of thermal gradients, if a temperature difference between surface and seabed water of 20degC can be found within 1000m depth, then this can be used to drive a heat engine to generate electricity. Unfortunately for Ireland, most of these potential locations exist around the warmer tropical regions of the earth. 

• The primary energy opportunities for Ireland therefore exist in areas of:

– Wave energy – Tidal energy

BUSINESS ENERGY SAVING BUSINESS ENERGY SAVING TIPSTIPS

TYPICAL ENERGY USAGETYPICAL ENERGY USAGE

ENERGY SAVING TIPSENERGY SAVING TIPS

• Heating• Consider replacing old heating systems with the new, energy-efficient systems.

• Install time clocks or setback-programmable thermostats to turn off systems when the building is unoccupied to maximize efficiency. 

• Perform scheduled maintenance on units including cleaning condenser coils, replacing air filters regularly, tightening and replacing belts, and checking ducts and pipe insulation for damage.

• Install blinds, solar screens or shades to cool office.

• Keep vents closed in unoccupied areas to prevent cooling of storage areas.

• For optimal energy savings, set thermostats at 21 degrees cel.

• Insulate water heaters and supply pipes.

ENERGY SAVING TIPSENERGY SAVING TIPS

• Office Equipment

– Turn off all office equipment and lights every night and weekend. – If you can't turn off the whole computer, turn off the monitor and the printer.

– When purchasing PCs, monitors, printers, fax machines and copiers, consider models that "power down" after a user-specified period of inactivity.

– If appropriate, use laptop computers and inkjet printers they consume 90 percent less energy than standard desktop computers.

– Use e-mail instead of sending memos and faxing documents.

– If you need to print, consider double-sided printing and reusing paper.

ENERGY SAVING TIPSENERGY SAVING TIPS

• Lighting :

– Use high frequency, electronic ballast lights with mirror finish reflectors

– Lower the height of light fixtures to increase usable light.

– Color code or mark light switches and circuit breakers that can be turned off when not needed.

– Install motion detectors or dimmers to control lighting in frequently unoccupied areas, such as restrooms.

– Install more efficient security and carparking lighting - high pressure sodium fixtures are more efficient than metal halide, mercury vapor, fluorescent or incandescent fixtures.

– Install time clocks or photoelectric cells to control exterior lighting, advertising sign lighting and some interior lighting.

– Rewire restroom fans to operate with the lights.

– Paint dark walls and ceiling with lighter colors to maximize the effect of existing lighting. Dark walls require more power to produce the same amount of light.

– Maximize natural lighting by installing skylights or windows

Petrol Engine Efficiency

HYBRID CARSHYBRID CARS

• Petrol combustion is 15 % efficient

• Hybrid cars are powered by a combination of

fossil fuel and electricity from a battery

• Hybrid cars use waste power in braking to

charge a battery

• Fuel economy = 70 mpg

• CO2 emissions = 100 KgCO2/km

• Honda civic hybrid

CASE STUDIES CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDY 1 : 50% Savings for a warehouse

• Summary :– Over 50% savings with 6 month payback -

Saving €19,000/year

• Lighting

– Renewed lighting layout to improve lighting with less fittings– Light switch installed for turning on off when area is unoccupied – Occupancy detectors installed– Payback = 2.9 years

• Heating

– Warehouse was heated 24/7 all year round– Only a small part need temperature control– Warehouse heating was divided in 2 zones– 50% energy saving with a 2 month payback was realised

CASE STUDY 2 : 42% savings at an engineering shop

• Summary :– Over 42% savings with 1 year payback -

Saving €60,900/year

• Lighting

• Installation of mirror finish reflectors – this allowed one tube per fitting

• Motor VSD

• Fitting of Variable speed drive onto fan motor according to extraction requirements – Invest €6,500 with a 0.81 year payback

• Compressed air• Repair leaks and zoning. Saving €10,000 per year

• Monitoring & Targeting system• Help study energy usage patterns. Payback was 6 months

CASE STUDY 3 : 57% savings at a Dublin store

Summary :Over 57% savings with 2 year payback - Saving €136,800/year

•Lighting•Installation of high frequency fittings and prismatic reflectors gave a saving of 75% on lighting costs at a payback of 6 months.

Electricity Tariff•Improved max demand management and load shedding

Heating•Variable speed drives fitted to AHU to better manage heating loads during the day•Changed from oil to gas resulted in significant savings

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

For more information please contact :

P.J. HenryPhone no : 052 89911Mobile : (0)86 8352072Email : pjhenry@stockactive.ie

•This talk was a general overview on energy conservation.

•One day Green Business Workshops and Energy/Waste clinics ,which include more detailed information on energy and waste reduction, are available.

•Please contact your Chamber of Commerce for more details.