Reduced and Derated Thrust

FLIGHTOPERATIONS

ENGINEERING

For Training Purposes Only Copyright © 2009 Boeing. All rights reserved.

Reduced and Derated Thrust

Dennis TingPerformance Engineer – Operations Course

Boeing Commercial AirplanesSeptember 2009

2For Training Purposes Only Copyright © 2009 Boeing. All rights reserved.

Topics of Discussion

• Benefits of using lower takeoff thrust

• Methods and regulatory requirements

• Effect of thrust on takeoff performance

• The assumed temperature method

• The derate method

• Operational practices and considerations

• Practical exercises and software tools


Benefits of Using Lower Takeoff Thrust


Internal Temperature and Pressure

520.9455°

JT9D Sea Level Static Thrust 43,500 LB

StationPt (PSIA)Tt (°C)

214.715°

2.532.199°

1422.455°

3316470°

43021075°


Hot section life usage

Turbine metal temperature

Hot section life usage increases exponentiallywith increasing turbine metal temperature !


Maintenance material cost (MMC) decreases with lower EGT

Note: Specific cost savings for a particular engine model require a detailed assessment of the operator’s route structure.

Maintenance material cost(MMC)

Exhaust gas temperature (EGT)Takeoff EGT

limit

EXAMPLE

Industry average thrust reduction prior to regulatory revision which permits 25% maximum takeoff thrust reduction

Takeoff rating

18%

7%

MMC ≈ 25%ΔMMC ≈ 40%Δ


Shop maintenance cost decreases with lower takeoff thrust

Full rated

Derate

No thrust reduction25% thrust reduction

XX

XX

X

X

X

10 $/EFHShop maintenance cost

Thrust


10% thrust reduction

20% thrust reduction

Saving: US$ 100000 per year

Using lower takeoff thrust will result in significant cost savings


Benefits of Using Lower Takeoff Thrust

• Engine manufacturers can provide specific data on reliability and cost savings related to using lower takeoff thrust


Methods and Regulatory Requirements


Engine and Thrust Designations

Engine Nameplate versus Rated Thrust• Engine nameplate indicates Bill of Material• Rated Thrust defines level of maximum thrust• Rated Thrust is programmed using data plug

Limitations on maximum thrust• Combustor inlet pressure (CIP)• Turbine inlet temperature (TIT)• Fan rotation speed (RPM)


Design Thrust Limits

Pressure Limited

RPM

Max TIT

Max CIPTemperature Limited

Thrust

OAT


Pressure limited

Temperature limited

Thrust

OAT

Rated Thrust

Flat rated

Thrust break temperature


Rated Thrust Levels

Takeoff Thrust and Go-Around Thrust• The highest thrust level programmed for an engine;

it is regulatory certified and limited to 5 minutes (10-minute option available for engine-out takeoff)

Other Rated Thrust Levels:• Maximum Continuous Thrust (MCT); certified• Maximum Climb Thrust (MCLT); not certified• Maximum Cruise Thrust (MCRT); not certified


Methods for Takeoff Thrust Reduction

Reduced Thrust (Assumed Temperature)• Based on a certified takeoff rating and ambient

condition, the thrust reduction achieved by selecting the rated thrust for a temperature that is higher than the outside air temperature.

Derated Thrust (Derate)• For a given ambient condition, the thrust reduction

achieved by selecting another certified takeoff rating that is lower than the maximum takeoff rating.

These two methods can be combined per regulation


Thrust

OAT

Assumed Temperature

Maximumthrust

Actualtemperature

Thrustrequired

Assumedtemperature


Thrust

OAT

Derate (Multiple Takeoff Ratings)

Full rated

Derate

Maximumthrust

Thrust set

Thrust required

Actualtemperature


Types of Takeoff Derate

Fixed Derate• A derate that is pre-defined by the engine manufacturer;

the level of derate cannot be changed by the operator.• 737, 757 and 767

Variable Derate (VTR)• A derate that can be selected from a range of ratings;

the level of derate can be changed by the operator.• 747-400, 777, 717, MD-90 and MD-11


Thrust

OAT

Takeoff Thrust Bump vs. Bump Rating

Bump rating

Full rated

Pressure bump

Temperature bump

Design limit


Altitude

Climb Derate

Derated Climb Thrust

10000 ft

CLB 1 CLB 2

“Washout” altitude


Regulatory Requirements

Regulatory guidance• FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 25-13• JAR Advisory Material Joint (AMJ) 25-13

Compliance and operational approval• AFM provides certification and authorization• Each operator establishes operating procedures• Local regulatory authority grants final approval


AC 25-13 and AMJ 25-13


Regulatory Definitions

“b. Derated takeoff thrust, for an airplane, is a takeoff thrust level less than the maximum takeoff thrust, for which exists in the AFM a set of separate and independent, or clearly distinguishable, takeoff limitations and performance data that complies with all the takeoff requirements of Part 25. When operating with a derated takeoff thrust, the value of the thrust setting parameter which establishes thrust for takeoff is presented in the AFM and is considered a normal takeoff operating limit.”

“b. Derated takeoff thrust, for an airplane, is a takeoff thrust level less than the maximum takeoff thrust, for which exists in the AFM a set of separate and independent, or clearly distinguishable, takeoff limitations and performance data that complies with all the takeoff requirements of Part 25. When operating with a derated takeoff thrust, the value of the thrust setting parameter which establishes thrust for takeoff is presented in the AFM and is considered a normal takeoff operating limit.”

“c. Reduced takeoff thrust, for an airplane, is a takeoff thrust less than the takeoff (orderated takeoff) thrust. The airplane takeoff performance and thrust setting are established by approved simple methods, such as adjustments, or by corrections to the takeoff or derated takeoff thrust setting and performance. When operating with a reduced takeoff thrust, the thrust setting parameter which establishes thrust for takeoff is not considered a takeoff operating limit.”

“c. Reduced takeoff thrust, for an airplane, is a takeoff thrust less than the takeoff (orderated takeoff) thrust. The airplane takeoff performance and thrust setting are established by approved simple methods, such as adjustments, or by corrections to the takeoff or derated takeoff thrust setting and performance. When operating with a reduced takeoff thrust, the thrust setting parameter which establishes thrust for takeoff is not considered a takeoff operating limit.”


AFM-DPI Basic Performance


AFM-DPI Alternate Performance – Fixed Derate


AFM-DPI – Variable Derate (VTR)


AFM Appendix – Fixed Derate


AFM Appendix – Variable Derate (VTR)


AFM Appendix – No Derate


Effect of Thrust on Takeoff Performance


Effect of Thrust on Takeoff Performance

Level of takeoff thrust affects:• Takeoff and stopping distances• Climb capability• Obstacle clearance

Lower takeoff thrust will:• Increase takeoff and stopping distances• Reduce climb gradient• Reduce obstacle clearance margin


Minimum Takeoff Speeds Requirements

VEF V1 VR VLO

V2

35 ft

≥ V1(MCG)≤ VR

V2 ≥ 1.13 VS 1G≥ 1.05 VMCA

≥ 1.05 VMU(EO)≥ 1.10 VMU(AE)

≥ 1.13 VS 1G≥ 1.10 VMCA


Takeoff and Stopping Distances Requirements

VEF V1 VR

Brake release

V2

35 ft

One engine inopVLO

• Engine Inoperative Accelerate-Go distance

All engine acceleration

One engine inop acceleration

Balance takeoff field lengthAccel-Go = Accel-Stop

VEVENT V1 VB

Brake release

Full stop

• Accelerate-Stop distance


Transition to stopping

Brakes applied

Throttles set

to idle

Maximum manual braking

Spoilers set

.


Proper takeoff speeds for a balanced field length

V2 = 155

Max thrust

V1 = 135 VR = 140

Speeds same as those for max thrust would result in an unbalanced field length

V1 = 135V2 = 155

VR = 140

Reduced thrust

Increasing V1 and VR will re-balance field length

V1 = 140 V2 = 150VR = 145

Reduced thrust

Effect of Thrust on Speeds and Distances


Climb gradient is reduced with reduced thrust which, along withlonger takeoff distance, also reduces obstacle clearance margin

Max thrust

Reduced thrust

Effect of Thrust on Flight Path


VMCG for derated thrust is lower than that for full rated thrust

VMCG (and V1MCG) varies with thrust rating


Derated thrust requires more Nose-up trim than full rated thrust

Stab trim setting varies with thrust rating


Effect of Thrust on Speeds and Controllability

• Reduced / derated thrust requires increased speeds (V1 and VR) to maintain a balance field length

• Derated thrust lowers minimum control speed on the ground (VMCG) and minimum V1 (V1MCG)

• Derated thrust requires more Nose-up stabilizer trim


The Assumed Temperature Method


Certificate Limitations (Basic AFM)


40% Limit Option (777-300ER/200LR/200F)


Certificate Limitations (AFM Appendix)


FAR / JAR Takeoff Performance Requirements

1

2

3

Field length• One engine inoperative takeoff distance• Accelerate-stop distance• 115% all-engine takeoff distance

Climb gradient• 1st segment – positive (2-engine airplanes)• 2nd segment – 2.4% (2-engine airplanes)• Final segment – 1.2% (2-engine airplanes)

Obstacle clearance• Net flight path must clear obstacle by 35 ft• Net is gross reduced by 0.8% (2-engine airplanes)

35 ft2

1

. 35 ft

Obstacle

Net 3Gross

(actual)


Takeoff Performance Data

737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFI RWY 13R LENGTH 10000 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FIELD ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 FULL RATED (26K) RWY COND DRY

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (100 KG) / TAKEOFF SPEEDSTEMP WIND (KT)(C) -10 0 5 10

50 647*/38-40-45 669*/41-42-47 673*/42-43-48 677*/42-43-48 48 658*/39-41-46 681*/42-43-48 685*/43-44-49 688*/43-44-49 46 669*/39-42-47 692*/43-44-50 696*/44-45-50 700*/44-45-50 44 680*/40-43-49 704*/44-45-51 707*/45-46-51 711*/45-46-51 42 691*/41-44-50 715*/45-46-52 719*/46-47-52 723*/46-47-53 40 702*/42-45-51 727*/46-47-53 731*/46-48-53 735*/47-48-54 38 713*/43-46-52 738*/47-48-54 742*/47-49-54 746*/48-49-55 36 724*/44-47-53 750*/47-49-55 754*/48-50-56 758*/49-50-56 34 735*/44-48-54 762*/48-50-56 766*/49-51-57 770*/49-51-57 32 746*/45-49-55 774*/49-52-58 779*/50-52-58 783*/50-52-58 30 757*/46-50-56 785*/50-53-59 790*/50-53-59 794*/51-53-59 25 761*/46-50-57 789*/50-53-59 794*/51-53-59 798*/51-54-60 20 764*/47-50-57 792*/50-53-59 797*/51-54-60 801*/52-54-60

ABOVE STD:+KG/MB 26 25 25 25 BELOW STD:-KG/MB 75 78 78 78

ENGINE-OUT PROCEDURE: MAINTAIN RWY HDGMINIMUM LEVEL-OFF HEIGHT FOR FLAP RETRACTION AND ACCELERATION: 1000 FT



50 647*/38-40-45 669*/41-42-47 673*/42-43-48 677*/42-43-48 48 658*/39-41-46 681*/42-43-48 685*/43-44-49 688*/43-44-49 46 669*/39-42-47 692*/43-44-50 696*/44-45-50 700*/44-45-50 44 680*/40-43-49 704*/44-45-51 707*/45-46-51 711*/45-46-51 42 691*/41-44-50 715*/45-46-52 719*/46-47-52 723*/46-47-53 40 702*/42-45-51 727*/46-47-53 731*/46-48-53 735*/47-48-54 38 713*/43-46-52 738*/47-48-54 742*/47-49-54 746*/48-49-55 36 724*/44-47-53 750*/47-49-55 754*/48-50-56 758*/49-50-56 34 735*/44-48-54 762*/48-50-56 766*/49-51-57 770*/49-51-57 32 746*/45-49-55 774*/49-52-58 779*/50-52-58 783*/50-52-58 30 757*/46-50-56 785*/50-53-59 790*/50-53-59 794*/51-53-59 25 761*/46-50-57 789*/50-53-59 794*/51-53-59 798*/51-54-60 20 764*/47-50-57 792*/50-53-59 797*/51-54-60 801*/52-54-60




Assumed Temperature Concept

OAT

Thrust

MTOWMax TOW

Max thrust

Actualtemperature

Reduced thrust

Maximum allowableassumed temperature

25% reduction

Maximumassumed temperature

Minimumassumed temperature

Actual TOW


Determine Max Allowable Assumed Temp



50 647*/38-40-45 669*/41-42-47 673*/42-43-48 677*/42-43-48 48 658*/39-41-46 681*/42-43-48 685*/43-44-49 688*/43-44-49 46 669*/39-42-47 692*/43-44-50 696*/44-45-50 700*/44-45-50 44 680*/40-43-49 704*/44-45-51 707*/45-46-51 711*/45-46-51 42 691*/41-44-50 715*/45-46-52 719*/46-47-52 723*/46-47-53 40 702*/42-45-51 727*/46-47-53 731*/46-48-53 735*/47-48-54 38 713*/43-46-52 738*/47-48-54 742*/47-49-54 746*/48-49-55 36 724*/44-47-53 750*/47-49-55 754*/48-50-56 758*/49-50-56 34 735*/44-48-54 762*/48-50-56 766*/49-51-57 770*/49-51-57 32 746*/45-49-55 774*/49-52-58 779*/50-52-58 783*/50-52-58 30 757*/46-50-56 785*/50-53-59 790*/50-53-59 794*/51-53-59 25 761*/46-50-57 789*/50-53-59 794*/51-53-59 798*/51-54-60 20 764*/47-50-57 792*/50-53-59 797*/51-54-60 801*/52-54-60





50 647*/38-40-45 669*/41-42-47 673*/42-43-48 677*/42-43-48 48 658*/39-41-46 681*/42-43-48 685*/43-44-49 688*/43-44-49 46 669*/39-42-47 692*/43-44-50 696*/44-45-50 700*/44-45-50 44 680*/40-43-49 704*/44-45-51 707*/45-46-51 711*/45-46-51 42 691*/41-44-50 715*/45-46-52 719*/46-47-52 723*/46-47-53 40 702*/42-45-51 727*/46-47-53 731*/46-48-53 735*/47-48-54 38 713*/43-46-52 738*/47-48-54 742*/47-49-54 746*/48-49-55 36 724*/44-47-53 750*/47-49-55 754*/48-50-56 758*/49-50-56 34 735*/44-48-54 762*/48-50-56 766*/49-51-57 770*/49-51-57 32 746*/45-49-55 774*/49-52-58 779*/50-52-58 783*/50-52-58 30 757*/46-50-56 785*/50-53-59 790*/50-53-59 794*/51-53-59 25 761*/46-50-57 789*/50-53-59 794*/51-53-59 798*/51-54-60 20 764*/47-50-57 792*/50-53-59 797*/51-54-60 801*/52-54-60



OAT 30°C, No WindTOW = 70000 kg


FCOM Takeoff Speeds

TOW = 70000 kg Flaps 5

Pressure Altitude Sea Level

Temp V1 VR V2

30°C 141 143 15240°C 142 144 15150°C 144 146 15060°C 145 147 149


Determining Proper Takeoff Speeds

Balanced Plus (or Standard) takeoff speeds:• V1, VR, and V2 should be obtained from the FMC

or FCOM based on the actual takeoff weight and the selected assumed temperature

• V1MCG must be based on the actual OAT

Optimized V1 or Improved Climb:• Speeds must be obtained either from a takeoff

analysis chart for the specific runway, or …• Real-time performance calculations tool (OPT)


Factors Affecting Max Assumed Temp

Maximum allowable assumed temperature depends on the following factors:• Actual takeoff weight• Runway (length, slope, wind, and obstacles)• Airport elevation and pressure (QNH)• Runway surface condition (dry or wet)• Flaps setting• Thrust rating• Engine bleed configuration• Performance option (Improved Climb, V1 policy …)


Factors Affecting Max Assumed Temp

TEMP MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG)(C) NORMAL FLAPS 15 24K DERATE A/C OFF 10 KT HW QNH 998 MB WET RWY

50 66900 63000 60900 68600 67600 66000 66600 49 67500 63600 61500 69200 68200 66600 67200 48 68100 64100 62000 69800 68800 67100 67800 47 68700 64700 62600 70400 69400 67700 68400 46 69200 65200 63200 71000 70000 68300 68900 45 69800 65800 63700 71500 70500 68800 69400 44 70400 66300 64300 72100 71100 69400 70000 43 70900 66900 64900 72700 71700 69900 70600 42 71500 67400 65400 73300 72300 70500 71100 41 72100 68000 66000 73900 72900 71100 71700 40 72700 68500 66600 74500 73500 71600 72300 39 73300 69100 67200 75100 74000 72200 72800 38 73800 69600 67800 75700 74600 72800 73400 37 74400 70200 68300 76300 75200 73400 74000 36 75000 70700 68900 76800 75800 74000 74500 35 75600 71300 69400 77300 76400 74600 75100 34 76200 71900 70000 77900 77000 75100 75700 33 76800 72500 70600 78500 77700 75700 76300 32 77400 73100 71300 79000 78300 76300 76900 31 78000 73700 71900 79600 78900 76800 77500 30 78500 74200 72500 80100 79400 77400 78100

TEMP MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG)(C) NORMAL FLAPS 15 24K DERATE A/C OFF 10 KT HW QNH 998 MB WET RWY

50 66900 63000 60900 68600 67600 66000 66600 49 67500 63600 61500 69200 68200 66600 67200 48 68100 64100 62000 69800 68800 67100 67800 47 68700 64700 62600 70400 69400 67700 68400 46 69200 65200 63200 71000 70000 68300 68900 45 69800 65800 63700 71500 70500 68800 69400 44 70400 66300 64300 72100 71100 69400 70000 43 70900 66900 64900 72700 71700 69900 70600 42 71500 67400 65400 73300 72300 70500 71100 41 72100 68000 66000 73900 72900 71100 71700 40 72700 68500 66600 74500 73500 71600 72300 39 73300 69100 67200 75100 74000 72200 72800 38 73800 69600 67800 75700 74600 72800 73400 37 74400 70200 68300 76300 75200 73400 74000 36 75000 70700 68900 76800 75800 74000 74500 35 75600 71300 69400 77300 76400 74600 75100 34 76200 71900 70000 77900 77000 75100 75700 33 76800 72500 70600 78500 77700 75700 76300 32 77400 73100 71300 79000 78300 76300 76900 31 78000 73700 71900 79600 78900 76800 77500 30 78500 74200 72500 80100 79400 77400 78100

OAT 30°CTOW = 70000 kg


Wet Runway Performance Requirements

Two types of wet runway surface:1. Normal – smooth hard surface; well soaked without significant areas of standing water.2. Skid Resistant (SK-R) – conform to AC 150/5320-12C or equivalent. Typically grooved

and porous friction course runways might qualify as a skid resistant runway.


Transition stopping

VEF V1 VR

Brake release

V2 (at 35 ft) One engine inopVLO

• Engine Inoperative Accelerate-Go distance


One engine inop acceleration

Balance takeoff field lengthAccel-Go = Accel-Stop

VEVENT V1 VB

Brake release

Full stop

• Accelerate-Stop distance

Brakes applied

Throttles set

to idle

Maximum manual braking (wet) operative thrust reverser

Spoilers set

.

15 ft


737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KRNT RWY 33 LENGTH 5377 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION RENTON FIELD ELEV 30 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND

TEMP DRY RWY WET RWY WET SK-R(C) MTOW V1 VR V2 MTOW V1 VR V2 MTOW V1 VR V2

50 55000 126 127 135 54000 117 126 134 55000 121 127 135 48 55700 126 128 136 54700 117 126 135 55700 121 128 136 46 56400 127 128 137 55300 117 127 136 56400 122 128 137 44 57000 127 129 138 56000 118 128 137 57000 122 129 138 42 57700 128 130 139 56700 118 128 138 57700 123 130 139 40 58400 128 130 140 57300 119 129 138 58400 123 130 140 38 59100 129 131 140 58000 119 130 139 59100 124 131 140 36 59700 129 132 141 58700 120 130 140 59700 124 132 141 34 60400 130 132 142 59300 120 131 141 60400 125 132 142 32 61100 130 133 143 60000 121 131 142 61100 125 133 143 30 61700 131 133 144 60700 121 132 143 61700 126 133 144 25 62300 132 134 144 61300 122 133 143 62300 127 134 144 20 62900 132 135 145 61900 123 133 144 62900 127 135 145

737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KRNT RWY 33 LENGTH 5377 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION RENTON FIELD ELEV 30 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND

TEMP DRY RWY WET RWY WET SK-R(C) MTOW V1 VR V2 MTOW V1 VR V2 MTOW V1 VR V2

50 55000 126 127 135 54000 117 126 134 55000 121 127 135 48 55700 126 128 136 54700 117 126 135 55700 121 128 136 46 56400 127 128 137 55300 117 127 136 56400 122 128 137 44 57000 127 129 138 56000 118 128 137 57000 122 129 138 42 57700 128 130 139 56700 118 128 138 57700 123 130 139 40 58400 128 130 140 57300 119 129 138 58400 123 130 140 38 59100 129 131 140 58000 119 130 139 59100 124 131 140 36 59700 129 132 141 58700 120 130 140 59700 124 132 141 34 60400 130 132 142 59300 120 131 141 60400 125 132 142 32 61100 130 133 143 60000 121 131 142 61100 125 133 143 30 61700 131 133 144 60700 121 132 143 61700 126 133 144 25 62300 132 134 144 61300 122 133 143 62300 127 134 144 20 62900 132 135 145 61900 123 133 144 62900 127 135 145

Assumed Temp for Wet Runways

OAT 25°C and TOW = 58400 kg


737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KSEA RWY 34R LENGTH 11900 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION SEA-TAC INTL ELEV 430 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY

TEMP NORMAL IMPROVED CLIMB(C) MTOW V1 VR V2 MTOW V1 VR V2

50 67600 143 143 148 71600 165 168 17248 68800 144 144 149 72800 165 169 17246 70000 145 145 150 74100 166 169 17344 71200 146 146 151 75200 165 168 17242 72500 147 148 153 76200 164 167 17140 73700 148 149 154 77300 163 166 17138 75000 149 150 155 78400 163 166 17036 76300 150 151 156 79400 162 165 16934 77600 151 152 157 80300 161 164 16932 78900 152 153 159 81300 160 163 16830 80100 153 154 160 82200 160 163 168

737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KSEA RWY 34R LENGTH 11900 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION SEA-TAC INTL ELEV 430 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY

TEMP NORMAL IMPROVED CLIMB(C) MTOW V1 VR V2 MTOW V1 VR V2

50 67600 143 143 148 71600 165 168 17248 68800 144 144 149 72800 165 169 17246 70000 145 145 150 74100 166 169 17344 71200 146 146 151 75200 165 168 17242 72500 147 148 153 76200 164 167 17140 73700 148 149 154 77300 163 166 17138 75000 149 150 155 78400 163 166 17036 76300 150 151 156 79400 162 165 16934 77600 151 152 157 80300 161 164 16932 78900 152 153 159 81300 160 163 16830 80100 153 154 160 82200 160 163 168

Assumed Temp with Improved Climb



OAT

Thrust, EPR, and %N1 Relationship

%N1

EPR

Thrust


737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFICFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FIELD ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY

MAXIMUM TEMP MAX ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG) / V-SPEEDS%N1 (C) RUNWAY 13R RUNWAY 31L

97.2 50 66900 141 142 147 68400 143 144 14997.4 48 68100 142 143 148 69700 144 145 15097.7 46 69200 143 144 150 71000 145 146 15198.0 44 70400 144 145 151 72200 146 147 15298.3 42 71500 145 146 152 73500 147 148 15498.6 40 72700 146 147 153 74700 148 150 15598.9 38 73800 147 148 154 76000 149 151 15699.3 36 75000 147 149 155 77300 150 152 15799.6 34 76200 148 150 156 78600 151 153 15899.9 32 77400 149 152 158 80000 152 154 160

100.3 30 78500 150 153 159 81300 152 155 16199.5 25 78900 150 153 159 81500 153 156 16198.8 20 79200 150 153 159 81700 153 156 16198.0 15 79500 151 153 160 81800 153 156 16197.2 10 79800 151 154 160 82000 153 156 162

737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFICFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FIELD ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY

MAXIMUM TEMP MAX ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG) / V-SPEEDS%N1 (C) RUNWAY 13R RUNWAY 31L

97.2 50 66900 141 142 147 68400 143 144 14997.4 48 68100 142 143 148 69700 144 145 15097.7 46 69200 143 144 150 71000 145 146 15198.0 44 70400 144 145 151 72200 146 147 15298.3 42 71500 145 146 152 73500 147 148 15498.6 40 72700 146 147 153 74700 148 150 15598.9 38 73800 147 148 154 76000 149 151 15699.3 36 75000 147 149 155 77300 150 152 15799.6 34 76200 148 150 156 78600 151 153 15899.9 32 77400 149 152 158 80000 152 154 160

100.3 30 78500 150 153 159 81300 152 155 16199.5 25 78900 150 153 159 81500 153 156 16198.8 20 79200 150 153 159 81700 153 156 16198.0 15 79500 151 153 160 81800 153 156 16197.2 10 79800 151 154 160 82000 153 156 162

Assumed Temp Reduced %N1



OAT 10°C, altitude sea levelassumed temperature: 40°C

Max assumed temp 66°C

Max %N1 for 40°C 98.6

Min assumed temp 30°C

%N1 reduction 4.4

Reduced %N1 94.2

OAT 10°C, altitude sea levelassumed temperature: 40°C

Max assumed temp 66°C

Max %N1 for 40°C 98.6

Min assumed temp 30°C

%N1 reduction 4.4

Reduced %N1 94.2

FCOM Reduced %N1 Calculation


Assumed Temp Reduced EPR


757-200 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFIRB211-535E4 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FIELD ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY

MAXIMUM TEMP MAX ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG) / V-SPEEDSEPR (C) RUNWAY 31L RUNWAY 31L-A10

1.57 54 97900 149 151 154 84400 135 138 1431.59 52 99600 150 153 155 85600 136 139 1441.60 50 101300 152 154 156 86900 137 140 1451.61 48 103000 153 155 157 88200 138 141 1461.62 46 104600 154 156 158 89400 138 142 1471.63 44 106200 155 157 160 90600 139 143 1481.64 42 107800 155 158 161 91700 139 143 1491.65 40 109400 156 159 162 92900 140 144 1501.67 38 110800 157 160 163 94000 141 145 1501.68 36 112300 158 161 164 95100 142 146 1511.69 34 113700 159 162 166 96300 143 147 1521.70 32 115100 160 163 167 97400 143 147 1531.71 30 115700 160 163 167 98500 144 148 1541.72 25 115700 160 163 167 99500 145 149 1551.72 20 115700 160 163 167 100300 145 150 1551.72 15 115700 160 163 167 101000 146 150 156

757-200 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFIRB211-535E4 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FIELD ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY

MAXIMUM TEMP MAX ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG) / V-SPEEDSEPR (C) RUNWAY 31L RUNWAY 31L-A10

1.57 54 97900 149 151 154 84400 135 138 1431.59 52 99600 150 153 155 85600 136 139 1441.60 50 101300 152 154 156 86900 137 140 1451.61 48 103000 153 155 157 88200 138 141 1461.62 46 104600 154 156 158 89400 138 142 1471.63 44 106200 155 157 160 90600 139 143 1481.64 42 107800 155 158 161 91700 139 143 1491.65 40 109400 156 159 162 92900 140 144 1501.67 38 110800 157 160 163 94000 141 145 1501.68 36 112300 158 161 164 95100 142 146 1511.69 34 113700 159 162 166 96300 143 147 1521.70 32 115100 160 163 167 97400 143 147 1531.71 30 115700 160 163 167 98500 144 148 1541.72 25 115700 160 163 167 99500 145 149 1551.72 20 115700 160 163 167 100300 145 150 1551.72 15 115700 160 163 167 101000 146 150 156

Takeoff from an Intersection



737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KSEA RWY 16R LENGTH 9425 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION SEA-TAC INTL ELEV 430 FTFLAPS 1 FULL RATED (26K) RWY COND DRY

RUNWAY LIMITED WEIGHT (KG) CLIMBTEMP WIND (KT) LIMIT(C) -15 -10 -5 0 10 20 WT-KG

60A 60500F 62300F 64100F 66100F 67500F 68800F 6430058A 61200F 63000F 64900F 67000F 68300F 69700F 6540056A 62000F 63800F 65700F 67800F 69200F 70600F 6650054 62700F 64600F 66600F 68600F 70100F 71500F 6750052 63500F 65400F 67500F 69600F 71000F 72400F 6870050 64400F 66300F 68400F 70500F 72000F 73400F 7000048 65200F 67300F 69300F 71500F 72900F 74400F 7120046 66000F 68200F 70300F 72400F 73900F 75400F 7250044 66800F 69100F 71200F 73400F 74900F 76400F 7380042 67700F 70000F 72200F 74400F 75900F 77500F 7500040 68500F 70900F 73100F 75400F 76900F 78500F 7630038 69400F 71800F 74100F 76400F 78000F 79600F 7770036 70300F 72600F 75000F 77400F 79000F 80600F 7900034 71100F 73400F 75800F 78300F 80000F 81700F 8030032 71900F 74300F 76700F 79200F 80900F 82700F 8170030 72200B 75100F 77500F 80100F 81800F 83600F 8300025 72900B 75800B 78400F 81000F 82800F 84600F 8370020 73500B 76400B 79100F 81700F 83500F 85300F 83800



60A 60500F 62300F 64100F 66100F 67500F 68800F 6430058A 61200F 63000F 64900F 67000F 68300F 69700F 6540056A 62000F 63800F 65700F 67800F 69200F 70600F 6650054 62700F 64600F 66600F 68600F 70100F 71500F 6750052 63500F 65400F 67500F 69600F 71000F 72400F 6870050 64400F 66300F 68400F 70500F 72000F 73400F 7000048 65200F 67300F 69300F 71500F 72900F 74400F 7120046 66000F 68200F 70300F 72400F 73900F 75400F 7250044 66800F 69100F 71200F 73400F 74900F 76400F 7380042 67700F 70000F 72200F 74400F 75900F 77500F 7500040 68500F 70900F 73100F 75400F 76900F 78500F 7630038 69400F 71800F 74100F 76400F 78000F 79600F 7770036 70300F 72600F 75000F 77400F 79000F 80600F 7900034 71100F 73400F 75800F 78300F 80000F 81700F 8030032 71900F 74300F 76700F 79200F 80900F 82700F 8170030 72200B 75100F 77500F 80100F 81800F 83600F 8300025 72900B 75800B 78400F 81000F 82800F 84600F 8370020 73500B 76400B 79100F 81700F 83500F 85300F 83800

Separate Runway and Climb Limit Weights

OAT 30°C, No Wind

TOW = 75000 kg

TOW = 66000 kg




70A 56900F 58600F 60400F 62300F 63500F 64700F 59400 68A 57600F 59400F 61200F 63000F 64300F 65500F 60400 66A 58300F 60100F 61900F 63800F 65000F 66300F 61300 64A 59000F 60800F 62600F 64600F 65800F 67200F 62300 62A 59700F 61500F 63400F 65300F 66600F 68000F 63300 60A 60500F 62300F 64100F 66100F 67500F 68800F 64300 58A 61200F 63000F 64900F 67000F 68300F 69700F 65400 56A 62000F 63800F 65700F 67800F 69200F 70600F 66500 54 62700F 64600F 66600F 68600F 70100F 71500F 67500 52 63500F 65400F 67500F 69600F 71000F 72400F 68700 50 64400F 66300F 68400F 70500F 72000F 73400F 70000 48 65200F 67300F 69300F 71500F 72900F 74400F 71200 46 66000F 68200F 70300F 72400F 73900F 75400F 72500 44 66800F 69100F 71200F 73400F 74900F 76400F 73800 42 67700F 70000F 72200F 74400F 75900F 77500F 75000 40 68500F 70900F 73100F 75400F 76900F 78500F 76300



70A 56900F 58600F 60400F 62300F 63500F 64700F 59400 68A 57600F 59400F 61200F 63000F 64300F 65500F 60400 66A 58300F 60100F 61900F 63800F 65000F 66300F 61300 64A 59000F 60800F 62600F 64600F 65800F 67200F 62300 62A 59700F 61500F 63400F 65300F 66600F 68000F 63300 60A 60500F 62300F 64100F 66100F 67500F 68800F 64300 58A 61200F 63000F 64900F 67000F 68300F 69700F 65400 56A 62000F 63800F 65700F 67800F 69200F 70600F 66500 54 62700F 64600F 66600F 68600F 70100F 71500F 67500 52 63500F 65400F 67500F 69600F 71000F 72400F 68700 50 64400F 66300F 68400F 70500F 72000F 73400F 70000 48 65200F 67300F 69300F 71500F 72900F 74400F 71200 46 66000F 68200F 70300F 72400F 73900F 75400F 72500 44 66800F 69100F 71200F 73400F 74900F 76400F 73800 42 67700F 70000F 72200F 74400F 75900F 77500F 75000 40 68500F 70900F 73100F 75400F 76900F 78500F 76300

Extended Assumed Temp Data


OAT 15°CActual 40°C Assumed 40°C

EPR 1.376 1.376V1 (IAS / TAS) 147 / 153 147 / 147VR (IAS / TAS) 155 / 162 155 / 155V2 (IAS / TAS) 162 / 169 162 / 162Thrust at V1 (LB) 30960 31210Thrust at VR (LB) 30610 30880Thrust at V2 (LB) 30300 30570Engine-Out Takeoff Distance (ft) 9800 9050All-Engine Takeoff Distance (ft) 8800 8100Accelerate – Stop Distance (ft) 9800 9050

Assumed Temperature is Inherently Conservative!

Extra field length margin due to the true airspeed effect!


The Derate Method


Certificate Limitations In AFM


737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFI RWY 13R LENGTH 10000 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FILED ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 FULL RATED (26K) RWY COND WET


50 641*/28-39-45 666*/33-42-47 671*/34-42-47 675*/35-43-48 48 652*/29-40-46 678*/34-43-48 682*/35-43-48 686*/36-44-49 46 662*/29-41-47 689*/35-44-49 693*/36-44-50 698*/37-45-50 44 673*/30-42-48 700*/36-45-50 704*/37-45-51 709*/38-46-51 42 683*/31-43-49 711*/37-46-52 716*/38-46-52 720*/39-47-52 40 694*/32-44-50 723*/38-47-53 727*/39-47-53 732*/39-48-53 38 705*/33-45-51 734*/39-48-54 739*/39-48-54 743*/40-49-55 36 716*/33-46-52 745*/39-49-55 750*/40-49-55 755*/41-50-56 34 727*/34-47-53 757*/40-50-56 762*/41-50-56 767*/42-51-57 32 738*/35-48-55 769*/41-51-57 774*/42-52-58 779*/43-52-58 30 749*/36-49-56 781*/42-52-58 786*/43-53-59 791*/44-53-59 25 753*/36-49-56 785*/42-52-59 790*/43-53-59 794*/44-53-59 20 757*/37-49-56 788*/43-53-59 793*/44-53-59 798*/45-54-60


737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFI RWY 13R LENGTH 10000 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FILED ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 FULL RATED (26K) RWY COND WET


50 641*/28-39-45 666*/33-42-47 671*/34-42-47 675*/35-43-48 48 652*/29-40-46 678*/34-43-48 682*/35-43-48 686*/36-44-49 46 662*/29-41-47 689*/35-44-49 693*/36-44-50 698*/37-45-50 44 673*/30-42-48 700*/36-45-50 704*/37-45-51 709*/38-46-51 42 683*/31-43-49 711*/37-46-52 716*/38-46-52 720*/39-47-52 40 694*/32-44-50 723*/38-47-53 727*/39-47-53 732*/39-48-53 38 705*/33-45-51 734*/39-48-54 739*/39-48-54 743*/40-49-55 36 716*/33-46-52 745*/39-49-55 750*/40-49-55 755*/41-50-56 34 727*/34-47-53 757*/40-50-56 762*/41-50-56 767*/42-51-57 32 738*/35-48-55 769*/41-51-57 774*/42-52-58 779*/43-52-58 30 749*/36-49-56 781*/42-52-58 786*/43-53-59 791*/44-53-59 25 753*/36-49-56 785*/42-52-59 790*/43-53-59 794*/44-53-59 20 757*/37-49-56 788*/43-53-59 793*/44-53-59 798*/45-54-60


Takeoff Performance Data Required

737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFI RWY 13R LENGTH 10000 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FIELD ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 24K DERATE RWY COND WET


50 586*/24-33-38 608*/29-36-40 611*/30-36-41 614*/30-37-41 48 597*/25-34-39 619*/30-37-42 622*/31-38-42 626*/31-38-42 46 607*/25-35-41 630*/31-38-43 634*/32-39-43 637*/32-39-44 44 618*/26-37-42 641*/32-39-44 645*/33-40-45 648*/33-40-45 42 628*/27-38-43 652*/33-41-45 656*/34-41-46 660*/34-41-46 40 639*/28-39-44 664*/34-42-47 668*/34-42-47 672*/35-43-47 38 650*/29-40-45 675*/35-43-48 679*/35-43-48 683*/36-44-49 36 660*/30-41-47 686*/35-44-49 690*/36-44-49 694*/37-45-50 34 671*/31-42-48 697*/36-45-50 702*/37-45-50 706*/38-46-51 32 682*/31-43-49 709*/37-46-51 714*/38-46-52 718*/39-47-52 30 694*/32-44-50 722*/38-47-53 726*/39-47-53 730*/40-48-53 25 697*/33-44-50 725*/38-47-53 729*/39-48-53 734*/40-48-54 20 700*/33-45-51 728*/39-48-53 732*/40-48-53 737*/41-49-54




50 586*/24-33-38 608*/29-36-40 611*/30-36-41 614*/30-37-41 48 597*/25-34-39 619*/30-37-42 622*/31-38-42 626*/31-38-42 46 607*/25-35-41 630*/31-38-43 634*/32-39-43 637*/32-39-44 44 618*/26-37-42 641*/32-39-44 645*/33-40-45 648*/33-40-45 42 628*/27-38-43 652*/33-41-45 656*/34-41-46 660*/34-41-46 40 639*/28-39-44 664*/34-42-47 668*/34-42-47 672*/35-43-47 38 650*/29-40-45 675*/35-43-48 679*/35-43-48 683*/36-44-49 36 660*/30-41-47 686*/35-44-49 690*/36-44-49 694*/37-45-50 34 671*/31-42-48 697*/36-45-50 702*/37-45-50 706*/38-46-51 32 682*/31-43-49 709*/37-46-51 714*/38-46-52 718*/39-47-52 30 694*/32-44-50 722*/38-47-53 726*/39-47-53 730*/40-48-53 25 697*/33-44-50 725*/38-47-53 729*/39-48-53 734*/40-48-54 20 700*/33-45-51 728*/39-48-53 732*/40-48-53 737*/41-49-54




50 551*/21-29-34 570*/26-32-36 574*/26-32-36 574C/27-32-36 48 561*/22-31-35 581*/27-33-37 585*/28-34-37 586C/28-34-38 46 572*/23-32-36 592*/28-34-38 596*/29-35-39 597C/29-35-39 44 582*/23-33-37 603*/29-35-40 606*/29-36-40 609C/30-36-40 42 592*/24-34-39 614*/30-37-41 617*/30-37-41 620*/31-37-42 40 602*/25-35-40 624*/31-38-42 628*/31-38-43 631*/32-39-43 38 613*/26-36-41 636*/32-39-44 640*/32-39-44 643*/33-40-44 36 624*/27-37-43 648*/33-40-45 651*/33-41-45 655*/34-41-46 34 635*/28-38-44 659*/34-41-46 663*/34-42-46 667*/35-42-47 32 646*/29-39-45 671*/34-42-47 675*/35-43-48 679*/36-43-48 30 657*/30-41-46 683*/35-43-49 687*/36-44-49 691*/37-44-49 25 660*/30-41-47 686*/36-44-49 690*/37-44-49 694*/37-45-50 20 663*/31-41-47 688*/36-44-49 692*/37-44-49 696*/38-45-50




50 551*/21-29-34 570*/26-32-36 574*/26-32-36 574C/27-32-36 48 561*/22-31-35 581*/27-33-37 585*/28-34-37 586C/28-34-38 46 572*/23-32-36 592*/28-34-38 596*/29-35-39 597C/29-35-39 44 582*/23-33-37 603*/29-35-40 606*/29-36-40 609C/30-36-40 42 592*/24-34-39 614*/30-37-41 617*/30-37-41 620*/31-37-42 40 602*/25-35-40 624*/31-38-42 628*/31-38-43 631*/32-39-43 38 613*/26-36-41 636*/32-39-44 640*/32-39-44 643*/33-40-44 36 624*/27-37-43 648*/33-40-45 651*/33-41-45 655*/34-41-46 34 635*/28-38-44 659*/34-41-46 663*/34-42-46 667*/35-42-47 32 646*/29-39-45 671*/34-42-47 675*/35-43-48 679*/36-43-48 30 657*/30-41-46 683*/35-43-49 687*/36-44-49 691*/37-44-49 25 660*/30-41-47 686*/36-44-49 690*/37-44-49 694*/37-45-50 20 663*/31-41-47 688*/36-44-49 692*/37-44-49 696*/38-45-50



Determining Allowable Takeoff Derate

OAT

MTOW

Full rated

Derate 1

Derate 2

Derate 1

Actual TOW

Max TOW

Actualtemperature

Maximum allowabletakeoff derate


737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFI RWY 13R LENGTH 10000 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FIELD ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND 10 MM STD WATER

TEMP MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG) / TAKEOFF SPEEDS (V1-VR-V2)(C) FULL RATED (26K) 24K DERATE 22K DERATE

50 61400F 128 135 142 55300F 125 129 135 48700F 116 121 127 48 62300F 129 136 143 57800* 128 132 137 50300F 118 123 129 46 63200F 129 137 144 58800* 128 133 139 51900F 120 125 131 44 64000F 130 138 145 59800* 129 134 140 53600F 122 127 133 42 64900F 130 139 146 60800* 129 135 141 55500F 125 129 135 40 65900F 130 140 147 61800F 130 136 142 57800F 127 132 137 38 66800F 131 141 148 62700F 130 137 143 59500* 129 134 139 36 67800F 131 141 149 63600F 131 138 144 60500* 130 135 141 34 68700F 131 142 150 64500F 131 139 145 61600* 130 136 142 32 69700F 132 143 151 65500F 132 140 146 62700* 131 137 143 30 70600F 132 144 152 66500F 132 141 148 63700* 132 138 144 25 71300F 133 145 153 67100F 133 141 148 64100* 132 139 145 20 71800F 134 145 153 67600F 134 142 149 64400* 133 139 145 15 72400F 135 146 154 68200* 135 142 149 64700* 133 139 145 10 73100F 136 147 154 68600* 135 143 149 65000* 134 140 146

737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KBFI RWY 13R LENGTH 10000 FTCFM56-7B26 STANDARD CONFIGURATION BOEING FIELD ELEV 17 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND 10 MM STD WATER


50 61400F 128 135 142 55300F 125 129 135 48700F 116 121 127 48 62300F 129 136 143 57800* 128 132 137 50300F 118 123 129 46 63200F 129 137 144 58800* 128 133 139 51900F 120 125 131 44 64000F 130 138 145 59800* 129 134 140 53600F 122 127 133 42 64900F 130 139 146 60800* 129 135 141 55500F 125 129 135 40 65900F 130 140 147 61800F 130 136 142 57800F 127 132 137 38 66800F 131 141 148 62700F 130 137 143 59500* 129 134 139 36 67800F 131 141 149 63600F 131 138 144 60500* 130 135 141 34 68700F 131 142 150 64500F 131 139 145 61600* 130 136 142 32 69700F 132 143 151 65500F 132 140 146 62700* 131 137 143 30 70600F 132 144 152 66500F 132 141 148 63700* 132 138 144 25 71300F 133 145 153 67100F 133 141 148 64100* 132 139 145 20 71800F 134 145 153 67600F 134 142 149 64400* 133 139 145 15 72400F 135 146 154 68200* 135 142 149 64700* 133 139 145 10 73100F 136 147 154 68600* 135 143 149 65000* 134 140 146

Determining Allowable Takeoff Derate



OAT

Thrust

Derate Combined with Assumed Temperature

Full rated

Derate 1

Derate 2

Max thrust

Actualtemp

Thrust required

Assumedtemp


Derate & Assumed Temp – Equivalent Performance

777-200ER TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KPAE RWY 16R LENGTH 8000 FTGE90-90B STANDARD CONFIGURATION PAINE FIELD ELEV 0 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY

TEMP MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG) / TAKEOFF SPEEDS (V1-VR-V2)(C) FULL RATED 10% DERATE 20% DERATE

50 220000F 142 146 151 210200F 141 143 147 198400C 138 140 143 48 223300F 142 147 152 213400F 141 144 148 202200F 139 141 144 46 226600F 143 148 153 216500F 142 145 149 205400F 140 142 145 44 230000F 143 149 154 219800F 142 146 151 208600F 141 143 146 42 233300F 144 149 155 222900F 143 147 152 211500F 141 144 147 40 236500F 144 150 157 225800F 143 148 153 214300F 142 145 148 38 239300F 144 151 158 228400F 144 148 154 216600F 142 145 149 36 241700F 145 152 158 230500F 144 149 154 218700F 143 146 150 34 244200F 145 152 159 232700F 144 149 155 220800F 143 146 151 32 246600F 145 153 160 234800F 145 150 156 222800F 144 147 152 30 248900F 146 154 161 236900F 145 151 157 224900F 144 148 152 25 250900F 146 154 162 238700F 146 151 157 226600F 145 148 153 20 252800F 147 155 162 240600F 146 152 158 228400F 145 149 153 15 254800F 148 156 163 242500F 147 153 158 230200F 146 150 154 10 256900F 149 156 163 244500F 148 153 159 232100F 147 150 155

777-200ER TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KPAE RWY 16R LENGTH 8000 FTGE90-90B STANDARD CONFIGURATION PAINE FIELD ELEV 0 FTFLAPS 5 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY

TEMP MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TAKEOFF WEIGHT (KG) / TAKEOFF SPEEDS (V1-VR-V2)(C) FULL RATED 10% DERATE 20% DERATE

50 220000F 142 146 151 210200F 141 143 147 198400C 138 140 143 48 223300F 142 147 152 213400F 141 144 148 202200F 139 141 144 46 226600F 143 148 153 216500F 142 145 149 205400F 140 142 145 44 230000F 143 149 154 219800F 142 146 151 208600F 141 143 146 42 233300F 144 149 155 222900F 143 147 152 211500F 141 144 147 40 236500F 144 150 157 225800F 143 148 153 214300F 142 145 148 38 239300F 144 151 158 228400F 144 148 154 216600F 142 145 149 36 241700F 145 152 158 230500F 144 149 154 218700F 143 146 150 34 244200F 145 152 159 232700F 144 149 155 220800F 143 146 151 32 246600F 145 153 160 234800F 145 150 156 222800F 144 147 152 30 248900F 146 154 161 236900F 145 151 157 224900F 144 148 152 25 250900F 146 154 162 238700F 146 151 157 226600F 145 148 153 20 252800F 147 155 162 240600F 146 152 158 228400F 145 149 153 15 254800F 148 156 163 242500F 147 153 158 230200F 146 150 154 10 256900F 149 156 163 244500F 148 153 159 232100F 147 150 155

OAT 15°CTOW = 230000 kg

For equivalent performance, derate allows more thrust reduction


Derate can increase max takeoff weight !

Field length limit weight

Runway length

Full

rate

d

Dera

te

V1MCGHigher Weight


737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KRNT RWY 33 LENGTH 5377 FTCFM56-7B26 ANTI-SKID INOPERATIVE RENTON FIELD ELEV 30 FTFLAPS 25 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY


50 50200F 093 114 124 47500F 093 112 120 45800F 093 110 118 48 50800F 093 115 125 48100F 093 113 121 46400F 093 111 119 46 48600V 094 111 123 48800F 093 113 122 47100F 093 112 119 44 46100V 095 108 120 49400F 094 114 123 47700F 094 112 120 42 43600V 096 104 118 50100F 094 114 124 48300F 094 113 121 40 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 50700F 094 115 124 49000F 094 114 122 38 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 51400F 095 116 125 49700F 095 114 123 36 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 52000F 095 116 126 50300F 095 115 124 34 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 52600F 095 117 127 51000F 095 115 125 32 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 53300F 095 117 128 51600F 096 116 125 30 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 54000V 096 118 129 52300F 096 117 126 25 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 54500F 096 119 129 52800F 097 117 127 20 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 55000F 097 119 130 53300F 097 118 127 15 42600V 101 101 118 55500F 098 120 130 53800F 098 119 128 10 49100V 101 110 125 56100F 099 121 131 54300F 099 119 128

737-800 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE KRNT RWY 33 LENGTH 5377 FTCFM56-7B26 ANTI-SKID INOPERATIVE RENTON FIELD ELEV 30 FTFLAPS 25 NO WIND, STANDARD QNH RWY COND DRY


50 50200F 093 114 124 47500F 093 112 120 45800F 093 110 118 48 50800F 093 115 125 48100F 093 113 121 46400F 093 111 119 46 48600V 094 111 123 48800F 093 113 122 47100F 093 112 119 44 46100V 095 108 120 49400F 094 114 123 47700F 094 112 120 42 43600V 096 104 118 50100F 094 114 124 48300F 094 113 121 40 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 50700F 094 115 124 49000F 094 114 122 38 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 51400F 095 116 125 49700F 095 114 123 36 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 52000F 095 116 126 50300F 095 115 124 34 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 52600F 095 117 127 51000F 095 115 125 32 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 53300F 095 117 128 51600F 096 116 125 30 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 54000V 096 118 129 52300F 096 117 126 25 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 54500F 096 119 129 52800F 097 117 127 20 TAKEOFF PROHIBITED 55000F 097 119 130 53300F 097 118 127 15 42600V 101 101 118 55500F 098 120 130 53800F 098 119 128 10 49100V 101 110 125 56100F 099 121 131 54300F 099 119 128

Derate can increase MTOW when limited by V1MCG

OAT 30°C, TOW = 50000 kg


Derate can expand aft CG limit (737NG)


Operational Practices and Considerations


737NG FMC N1 LIMIT Page

An assumed temperature can be entered and/or a derate selected. If a takeoff derate is selected, the corresponding climb derate will be armed automatically.

N1 LIMIT 1 / 1SEL / OAT

/ + 20°C26K

<T O24K DERATE

<TO - 1 <ACT> <SEL>22K DERATE

<TO - 227K BUMP

<TO - B<PERF INIT

26K N198.8/ 98.8

CLB >

CLB -1>

CLB -2>

TAKEOFF>— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — — —


737NG Upper Center Display Panel

Assumed temperature and target %N1 setting display

ENG 1START VALVE

OPENOIL FILTERBYPASSLOW OIL

PRESSURE

EGT

FF

N 1

ENG 2START VALVE

OPENOIL FILTERBYPASSLOW OIL

PRESSURE

663 663

87.794.2

10TAI

86 4

20

87.794.2

10TAI

86 4

20

TAT +22C D - TO + 45C

3.80 3.80

FUELKG1

9003

CTR

2

9003

6007


737 Classic FMC TAKEOFF REF Page

An assumed temperature can be entered on either page 1/2 or 2/2. Takeoff derate can be selected on page 2/2.

TAKEOFF REF 2 / 2

SEL TEMP+ 4 0°C 104 °F2 0 K DERATE91.3 / 91.3%

<INDEX

RED 22K N192.2 / 92.2%

18.5K DERATE89.1 / 89.1%

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —


737 Classic EIS Panel

Thrust Mode display for reduced thrust

REVERSERUNLOCKED A/T LIM REVERSER

UNLOCKED

EGT

°C

N1

%RPM

94.594.5 MAN SET

R - TO

392.5

410

12

86 4

2

0

583.4

3

392.5

410

12

86 4

2

0

583.4

3


777 FMC THRUST LIM Page

An assumed temperature can be entered and/or a derate selected. If a takeoff derate is selected, the corresponding climb derate will be armed automatically.

THRUST LIMSEL OAT45°C 20°C

<TO <SEL> <ARM>TO 1

<– 10%TO 2

<– 20%

<INDEX

D – T O N197.3%

CLB >

CLB 1>

CLB 2>

TAKEOFF>— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —


777 Upper EICAS Panel

N1

75.697.3

75.697.3

EGT

587 587

TAT + 22C D - TO + 45C

TOTAL FUEL 94.3TEMP +10c

KGS X1000

DOWNGEAR

FLAPS

15

Assumed temperature and target %N1 (or EPR) setting display


757 and 767 Thrust Mode Select Panel (TMSP)

An assumed temperature can be dialed in, and/or a paired derate selected. If 1 is pushed, then TO 1 and CLB 1 will be selected; if 2 is pushed, then TO 2 and CLB 2 will be selected.

22

TEMP SELTEMP SEL

11CLBCLBTOTO

CRZCRZCONCON

GAGA


757 / 767 Upper EICAS Panel

EPR

EGT

N1

599 597

90.7 90.6

TAT + 22°CD - TO+ 45C

V V V V V V V V V

1.641.64

2.0

1.5

1.02.0

1.5

1.0

1.641.64

Assumed temperature and target EPR (or %N1) setting display


757 and 767 FMC (PIP and PEGASUS)

T A K E O F F R E F

P R E – F L T S T A T U S

T E M P S E L45 ° C

T O E P R1 .64D–TO

< P O S I N I T< P E R F I N I T< I N D E X

V 1

V R

V 2

R O U T E >D E P A R T U R E >

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — —

— — —

— — —— — — — — — — — — — — —

An assumed temperature can be entered and target EPR (or %N1) setting displayed


FMC/TMC Takeoff Power Setting Constraints

• FMC/TMC protects the 25% thrust reduction limit and overboost– If an assumed temperature higher than the assumed

temperature for 25% thrust reduction is entered, the assumed temperature and power setting for 25% thrust reduction will be displayed and set.

– If an assumed temperature lower than the thrust break temperature (or lower than OAT) is entered, the power setting for OAT will be displayed and set; but the temperature entered will still be displayed.

– 757 & 767 TMC also limits the reduced takeoff power setting to no lower than the armed climb power setting


FMC/TMC Takeoff & Climb Power Setting Constraints

• The 757-200 TMC limits the thrust reduction to 25% based on the full rated takeoff thrust only

• If the option is enabled in the FMC, the 40% thrust reduction limit for 777-300ER/200LR/200F is based on the full rated takeoff thrust only

• Assumed temperature reduced thrust is not available for takeoff bump rating

• The FMC (except on 757 & 767) will automatically select a lower climb rating if the reduced takeoff power setting is lower than the power setting for the currently selected climb rating


OAT

Thrust

Thrust Increase from Takeoff to Climb

TO

TO 1

TO 2

Takeoff thrustselected

CLBCLB 1

CLB 2

Actual temperature Assumed temperature

Thrust increase

Climb thrustarmed

Except on 757 & 767


Firewall in an Emergency (Assumed Temp) !


Firewall in an Emergency (Derate) ?


Other Considerations

• Reduced / derated takeoff thrust may increase the airplane-to-ground noise level as a result of the lower flight path

• Reduced / derated takeoff thrust should not be considered as a means to continue the use of a defective engine (repeated EGT exceedence), neither should re-rate or engine swap.

• Using climb derate will increase trip fuel and trip time as a result of the longer time in climb to reach cruise altitude


Sources of Operational Data

Computerized system:• Software tool (such as OPT)• Integrated dispatch / departure control system

Paper-based system requires:• Takeoff analysis charts• Takeoff speeds data (such as FCOM or FMC)


FMC Takeoff Speeds

Balanced Plus (or Standard) takeoff speeds:• Balanced field length, except when V1 must be

unbalanced to comply with V1MCG ≤ V1 ≤ VR.

FMC takeoff speeds DO NOT include:• V1 adjustment for unequal clearway and stopway• V1 adjustment for slippery or contaminated runway• V1 adjustment for inoperative equipment (MEL)• Optimized (unbalanced) V1 for obstacles or VMBE• Improved Climb or Alternate Forward CG speeds


FMC and FCOM Takeoff Speeds

T A K E O F F R E F 1 / 2 F L A P S

°2 6 K N 1

98 . 8 / 98 .8%C G T R I M

22.5% 5 . 2 5

R U N W A Y

< P E R F I N I T

Q R H V 1

V R

V 2

G W / T O W

S E L E C TQRH OFF>

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — — —

— — — —

— — — —

Balanced+ (Standard) speeds only.No Improved Climb or Alt Fwd CG !

FMC speeds, plus V1 adjustments for clearway and stopway, slippery and contaminated runways, and some inoperative systems. No optimized V1, Imp Climb or Alt Fwd CG speeds.


Practical Exercises and Software Tools


Summary

The benefits of using lower takeoff and climb thrust are:• Reduced cost on parts and maintenance• Increased engine reliability and life• Improved operating safety and efficiency


Summary (continued)

There are two methods for takeoff thrust reduction:• Reduced Thrust (Assumed Temperature)• Derated Thrust (Derate)• The two methods can be combined for all Boeing

FMC-equipped models, except MD models

Regulatory requirements and certificate limitations can be found in:• FAA AC 25-13 and JAR AMJ 25-13• AFM (AFM-DPI or Appendices)


Summary (continued)

• Maximum of 25% thrust reduction from the full rated or derated thrust (40% option from the full rated thrust for 777-300ER/200LR/200F)

• Requires takeoff performance data only for the rating to be used (full rated or a derate)

• A range of temperatures allows flexible thrust reduction

• Extra field length margin due to the true airspeed effect

• May be used with Improved Climb performance

• Allowed on wet runway if wet rwy perf data is available

• Prohibited on contaminated runways

The Assumed Temperature Method


Summary (continued)

• May increase takeoff weight capability if limited by V1MCG

• Permitted on contaminated runways

• Better trimmed for rotation and climbout

• May improve aircraft loadability for 737NG models

• More thrust reduction for equivalent performance

• Separate takeoff performance data required for each rating

• Increases trip fuel and trip time if climb derate is also used

The Derate Method

FLIGHTOPERATIONS

ENGINEERING


Reduced and Derated Thrust

End of Presentation

Reduced and Derated Thrust

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Transcript of Reduced and Derated Thrust