(1) NARRATIVE SUMMARY

REDD Architecture in Tanzania: Assessment of REDD Institutional Arrangments on Livelihoods and Sustainable

Development

Project Research Proposal Submitted to CCIAM Programme, Sokoine University of Agriculture

Submitted

By

Dr. Adam B.S Mwakalobo (PI); Prof. George C. Kajembe; Dr. Eliakimu Zahabu; Mr. Dos Santos Silayo; and Fatihiya A. Massawe from Sokoine University of

Agriculture

In collaboration with

Prof. Arild Vatn, Paul Vedeld and Darley Kjosavik form Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Abstract Despite high on the agenda in international climate change negotiations, REDD design remains contravesial. There are a range of concerns associated with the implementation of REDD projects. The design of REDD, payment mechanisms and their implications for livelihoods, biodiversity and

sustainable forest management are unclear. The quality of data on carbon stocks, baseline levels, costs of REDD, governance issues, and participants in carbon markets remain unresolved. This is partly attributed to the fact that REDD is still at its infancy stage, based on thereotical foundations with limited empirical evidence on the ground in many developing countries. Comprehensive studies are needed to generate information that will shed light on the on-going international climate change debates and enrich policy makers on the design and implementation of REDD. The proposed project is an attempt to generate this information, using Tanzania as a case study. The information that will be generated by this project has the potential to contribute to the debates on climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigations; and the design of an effective and pro-poor REDD strategy in Tanzania and elsewhere, especially in tropical forest developing countries with similar conditions. The project duration is three years. Key words: REDD Options; Payment Mechanisms; Livelihoods; GHGs Emissions; Biodivesity; Tanzania

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Narrative Summary

Research Title: Climate Change, Non-Timber Forest Products and Livelihood of Forest Dependent Communities: Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation in Tanzania

Researchers: Dr. S. Augustino (SUA); Prof. S. Eriksen (UMB); Prof. P.R.Gillah (SUA); Dr. R.S. Shemdoe (ARU); Prof. R.C. Ishengoma (SUA); Prof. F.B.S. Makonda (SUA); Prof. G.A. Migunga (SUA).

Over 20 million Tanzanians depend on Non Timber Forest Products1 (NTFPs) for livelihood, but the extent to which NTFPs and community livelihoods are vulnerable to the changing climate including the coping strategies is not well established. The Proposed project seeks to develop, enhance and provide an understanding of the ability of forest dependent communities to respond to the changing climate with a view of reducing livelihood threats and forest degradation through vulnerability and adaptation assessments within the NTFPs context, part of the ecosystem services. Resource assessment methods (i.e. NTFPs Inventory and Forest cover change analysis) and Socio-economic surveys (i.e. Interviews, PRA techniques, Participant observations) within gender context will be used to collect data in selected PFM forests of Morogoro and Iringa regions. Market Price-based approach will be used to value the NTFPs. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis will be done using MS Excel and SPSS computer software tools; while CRISTAL 3.0 programme will analyse the impacts of changing climate to livelihoods. The project will contribute relevant information to policy makers particularly in the current implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation through REDD initiatives in Tanzania. The expected outputs will contribute towards efforts to adapt to the impact of climate change while ensuring sustainability of livelihoods and forest resources.

Key words: REDD; Ecosystem Services; Resource Sustainability

Project Duration: 3 years and a total of 154,000,000 Tshs will be required.

(3) TITLE: IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED FISHERIES RESOURCES ALONG THE TANZANIAN COAST Pr incipal investigator : Dr . Berno V. Mnembuka Sokoine University of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences and Production P.O. Box 3004, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania Phone +255 0232604617, Fax +255 0232604621: Email: mnembuka@giant.suanet.ac.tz, or bmnembuka@yahoo.com

Collaborators Institution Dr . Hieromin A Lamtane Sokoine University of Agriculture

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences and Production P.O. Box 3004, Phone +255 0232604617, Fax +255 0232604621 Email: hlamtane@suanet.ac.tz, hlamtane@yahoo.co.uk

Dr . Augustine W. Mwandya Sokoine University of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences and Production P.O. Box 3004, Phone +255 0232604617, Fax +255 0232604621 Email: mwandya@suanet.ac.tz, mwandya@yahoo.co.uk

Dr . Nazael A Madalla Sokoine University of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences and Production P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Phone +255 0232604617, Fax +255 0232604621; Email: nmadalla@suanet.ac.tz, nmadalla@gmail.com

Prof. Ian Mayer Norwegian School of Veterinary Science N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Phone +47-22-964500, 964852 (Direct line) Fax +47-22-597309 ; Email : ian.mayer@veths.no

Dr . Jonathan S. Mbwambo Sokoine University of Agriculture Development Studies Institute P.O. Box 3024, Morogoro.Phone +255 (0)23 2604645, Fax: +255 (0)23 2604646. Email; jonahtz@yahoo.com or mbwambojs@suanet.ac.tz.

Dr . Elihakimu M. Zahabu Sokoine University of Agriculture Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Department of Forest Mensuration & Management, P.O. Box 3013 Chuo, Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania. Phone: +255 23 2604555, Mobile:+255 787 316933 Fax: +255 23 2604648; Email; zahabue@yahoo.com

Mr. Ignantio P. Sanga University of Dar es Salaam, Institute of Marine Sciences, Mizingani Rd. P.O.BOX 668 Zanzibar, Tanzania Tel.: +255 24 223 0741 ; Mobile: +255 717 364 210; Fax: +255 24 223 3050; Email: sanga@ims.udsm.ac.tz

Ms. Juliana J . Adosi Tanzania Meteorological Agency Box 89 Morogoro, Phone + 255 023 2603794, mobile, +255784291352 Email; juliana.adosi@yahoo.com

IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED FISHERIES RESOURCES ALONG THE TANZANIAN COAST

Executive Summary

The proposed study entitled the Impact of climate var iability on mangrove ecosystems and associated fisher ies resources along the Tanzanian coast has a primary goal of understanding the impact of climate change on the livelihoods of the coastal local communities, mangrove ecosystems and associated fisheries resources. The study is proposed to be carried out in Pangani and Bagamoyo Tanzania mainland and Maruhubi, Zanzibar. Tanzania, like other sub-saharan countries is highly vulnerable to effects of climate change mainly because of the lack of stable economic development and institutional capacity. The continued degradation of coastal mangrove forests through increased anthropogenic activities together with indiscriminate deforestation may also lead into serious decline in fishery resources. However, there is no comprehensive information on climate change impacts on livelihood of coastal inhabitants, mangrove status and associated fisheries in Tanzania. This research proposal will address the knowledge gap on the relationship between climate change, mangrove ecosystems and its associated fisheries resources as well as carbon sequestration capability of mangrove forests. Investigations using standard methods, tools and protocols shall involve the following: Assessment of perception, vulnerability and coping strategies by local coastal

communities towards climate change impacts. Determination of mangrove stand, structure and vulnerability Assessment of fisheries resources associated with mangrove ecosystems Determination of carbon sequestered by mangrove forests. Determination of oceanographic and meteorological variables. Development of adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change impacts. Development of mathematical prediction model

Upon completion of this study, enough and relevant information deemed necessary in the formulation of mangrove management plans, both at local as well as national levels shall have been accumulated. Furthermore, the development and adoption of pragmatic mitigation strategies shall promote participatory conservation and sustainable utilization of the mangrove ecosystems and its associated fisheries resources. This study will also demonstrate the biological role of mangrove in carbon sequestration, thereby verifying the importance of mangrove ecosystem to serve as carbon "sink", thence mitigate effectively the anticipated adverse impacts of climate variability. The narrated activities and utilities required are estimated to have the budgetary implication totaling to Tsh, 179,000,000. Key words: Climate Change, Mangrove, Fisheries, Livelihood. Duration of the study: 3 years

(4) Narrative Summary of the project Title: Governance, Incentives and Monitoring in REDD – GIM-REDD John Francis Kessy1*a, Arild Angelsen2a, Leopold P. Lusambo1a, Yonika M. Ngaga1a, Jumanne M. Abdallah1a, Stephano P. Kingazi1b, Greyson Z. Nyamoga1b, Charles Meshack3b, Makarius C.S. Lalika4b, Emmanuel Lyimo3c 1 Department of Forest Economics, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation (FFNC), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Morogoro Tanzania. 4 Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science (FoS), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Morogoro, Tanzania

Collaborators 2 Department of Economics and Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Norway. 3 Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG), Tanzania.

Titles a PhD, bMSc, cBSc, *Team Leader

Abstract

The main objective of this proposed project is to investigate the role of actual and perceived

governance processes, incentive structures and monitoring in the implementation of REDD through

PFM for better management of natural resources and the environment through appropriate adaptation

and mitigation strategies and participation in climate change initiatives. Specific objectives include to:

document the perceptions and attitudes of various groups at local communities level on the

implementation of REDD; assess incentive structures facing various groups in local communities

implementing REDD; investigate the level of participation and inclusiveness in the community level

REDD governance and monitoring processes; and investigate how the VCS and CCBA standards are

applied and assess the impacts of REDD on indicators of forest condition and biodiversity. In order to

meet specific objectives, socio-economic surveys will be carried out by a multidisciplinary team

comprising of senior and junior researchers from Sokoine University of Agriculture and collaborating

institutions. PhD and MSc students preferably ladies will be involved for capacity building purposes.

Findings, outputs and subsequent recommendation of the project will form the basis for local

community involvement in REDD activities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The total

cost of the project will be Tshs 154,000,000/=

Keywords

Climate change, REDD governance, and incentives

Project Per iod/Duration

The project will last for 3 years (i.e. 2010/11- 2012/13)

(5) Title: The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Environmental Conservation and Climate

Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Tanzania By:

Dr. Agnes L. Kijazi; Tanzania Meteorological Agency,

Mr. Augustine D. Kanemba; Tanzania Meteorological Agency,

Dr. Emma T. Liwenga (PhD), Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar Es Salaam,

Dr. Ladislaus B. Chang’a; Tanzania Meteorological Agency,

Dr. Stephen J. Nindi; Centre for Sustainable Rural Development, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Abstract African farmers have been largely using indigenous knowledge systems in weather forecasting and environmental conservation and to some extent have been able to cope and adapt to climate variability and environmental stress. However, not much has been done to document and validate these indigenous knowledge systems. This project will document the existing Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and examine to what extent Indigenous Knowledge and available scientific information have been used by farmers in the study area. An experiment will be set for the purpose of testing the reliability of IK and investigate the possibility of quantifying various IK indicators using meteorological variable. A participatory Rural Appraisal approach will be used in data collection and a Statistical Package for Social Sciences will be used for data analysis. Indigenous knowledge systems on weather forecasting, farming and environmental conservation will be documented. Drought and flood coping and adaptation strategies will be identified and documented. Basing on the experimental results to test the accuracy and reliability of IK forecasts, appropriate recommendation on how IK and Conventional weather forecasting system can be integrated will be given Keywords: Climate Variability and Change, Indigenous Knowledge, Adaptation and Mitigation, Proposed Project Duration Duration (Months): 36 Months Starting date: October 2010 Completion date: October 2013

(6) Title: The Role of Local Government in Implementing REDD Dr J. King’ori1; Dr S. Temu2; Dr. R. Lokina3; Mr. H. Chalu4; Dr. A. Mwakaje5; Prof. D. McNeill6; Dr. C. Wright7

Abstract:

REDD has a potential to contribute to reducing poverty, combating global warming, and conserving biodiversity. Amongst its challenges is the issue of governance. What will be, or should be, the role of local government Authorities (LGAs)? Will the financial incentives associated with REDD ensure that LGAs plays a constructive role? While many studies have been directed at the role of households and even the central government, very few have touched on this important middle - the LGAs.

The general objective of this research is to assess the current and potential role of Tanzania LGAs in forest conservation and the governance of REDD. Specifically, the study aims at establishing the structure and manner of financial and administrative incentives that ensure that the LGAs have the motivation and ability to cooperate in the effective implementation of REDD.

Three representative research sites have been chosen: Lindi, Morogoro and Kigoma regions. Data will be collected from individuals, LGAs officials, and other stakeholders using questionnaires, focussed group discussions, formal and informal interviews, and review of documents. It is expected that the study will come up with a model for LGA participation in REDD. Other expected outputs are policy briefs, publications, Masters dissertations, and a PhD thesis. Keyword: REDD, Local governance, forest conservation, poverty reduction,

incentives. Project Duration: 3 Years

1Senior Lecturer, University of Dar es Salaam Business School, 2 Senior Lecturer, University of Dar es Salaam Business School, 3 Senior Lecturer, University of Dar es Salaam Department of Economics, 4 Assistant Lecturer, University of Dar es Salaam Business School, 5 Senior Lecturer, Institute of Resource Assessment-UDSM, 6 University of Oslo 7 University of Oslo

(7) Narrative Summary

PROJECT TITLE Comparative study of incentive options for forest-based emissions reduction, biodiversity conservation and livelihood improvement; Case of Kilwa and Lindi Districts NAMES, TITLES AND AFFILIATIONS OF RESEARCHERS Principal Ivestigator Kassim Kulindwa (Professor in Economics)

Department of Economics University of Dar es salaam E-mail: Kulindwa@gmail.com Telephone: +255 713338845 Fax: mailing address P. O. Box 35096 Dar es Salaam,

Co-Researcher 1 Baruani I. Mshale (Ph.D. Program)

School of Natural Resources and Environment (SNRE) and Department of Economics University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) USA Baruani.Mshale@gmail.com

Co-Researcher 2 Haakon Lein (Professor in Geography)

Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology -NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Phone: +47 91897634, Fax +47 73591878 haakon.lein@svt.ntnu.no Mailing Address: 7491 Trondheim, Norway

Co-Researcher 3 Lalika Makarius PhD Candidate

Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture

ABSTRACT Our study aims at assessing and comparing the impacts of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) incentives under REDD and non-REDD situations in achieving simultaneous climate, biodiversity and livelihood benefits using case of Kilwa and Lindi Districts. In each site nine control sites will be selected to compare with the nine REDD sites making a total of 36 sites in Kilwa and Lindi; control sites mean villages where there is no REDD project being implemented. Data collection will be on five broad areas: (1) PFM and REDD benefits and costs data through review of the respective REDD projects documents, household surveys and participatory community assessments on benefits and costs; (2) carbon stock assessment data using a combination of remote sensing and ground truthing techniques (forest ecology concepts and measurement techniques); (3) Community socio-economic data to be collected using the same household survey questionnaires and focus group discussions with key informants; (4) biodiversity data using a combination of ecological and biodiversity assessments including vegetation sampling and disturbance transects and; (5) data on drivers of deforestation utilising the household surveys and a combination of economic tools and ecological methods (disturbance transects). Broadly, analysis will take a before-and-after approach in which we analyse changes at the end of the project due to incentives received from the project on the five broad areas of data mentioned above. We hope to contribute in the design and implementation of effective and equitable incentive options for REDD and non-REDD situations in Tanzania and elsewhere with similar situations. KEY WORDS Climate Change, REDD, Incentives, Biodiversity, Livelihoods

PROJECT PERIOD Three years i.e. December 2010 – November 2013

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1.0 NARRATIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Project title Economic Valuation of Incremental Biomass under PFM and its Potential to serve as Management

Incentives under REDD.

1.2 Researchers The team of researcher will be from Sokoine University of Agriculture , Ardhi University-Tanzania

and the University of Life Sciences of Norway.

Table 1: Researchers, titles and their affiliation S/N Name Title Affiliation 1 Leopold P. Lusambo Lecturer Sokoine University of Agriculture 2 Yonika Mathew Ngaga Associate Professor Sokoine University of Agriculture 3 John Francis Kessy Associate Professor Sokoine University of Agriculture 4 Fred Midtgaard Professor University of Life Sciences 5 Jumanne M. Abdallah Senior Lecturer Sokoine University of Agriculture 6 John Modestus Lupala Lecturer Ardhi University (ARU) 7 Stephano Kingazi Lecturer Sokoine University of Agriculture 8 Felister Mombo Lecturer Sokoine University of Agriculture 9 Greyson Z. Nyamoga Assistant Lecturer Sokoine University of Agriculture

1.3 Abstract Tanzania is among countries which have accepted and implemented the PFM concept since 1990s. The sustainability of PFM and hence REDD programmes will depend on the amount of tangible benefits delivered to the local communities surrounding the forests under pilot areas. The existence of these incentives will motivate the local communities to conserve the forests and hence contribute effectively in reducing deforestation and degradation through forest conservation. Currently, the source of such tangible incentives has been a challenge to the country mostly, because most PFM initiatives focus more on protection as opposed to production. Sustainability of PFM initiative in Tanzania therefore requires some systematic identification of potential source of tangible incentive. However, since the protection nature of the PFM initiatives have resulted into positive incremental changes in biomass, PFM contributes to REDD and the incremental biomass can be evaluated for carbon trade purposes. This requires in depth research and hence the proposed study.. The recorded positive incremental changes need to be translated to economic benefits to serve as incentives for climate change mitigation. The overall objective of this project is to economically valuate the incremental biomass change in selected forests under PFM and assess its implications to the livelihoods of the local communities around REDD pilot areas in Tanzania.

1.4 Keywords Biomass increment, economic values, participatory forest management, carbon trade.

1.5 Project duration This project will be carried out for years Project.

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Lead Institution: Sokoine University of Agriculture P.O. Box 3000, Morogoro, Tanzania

Project title: Developing Fire reduction strategy for Miombo woodlands as a Potential tool for Carbon storage and Sequestration Researchers SUA: i) Prof. Seif Madoffe (PhD) (Forest Health and Biodiversity) - Principal Investigator Department of Forest Biology P.O. Box 3010, Morogoro – Tanzania madoffe@yahoo.co.uk OR madoffe@suanet.ac.tz Tel: +255754362337 OR +255716394002 ii) Dr. Gimbage Mbeyale (Forest Resources and Governance) Department of Forest Management and Mensuration P.O. Box 3013, Morogoro, Tanzania E-mail: mbeyale@suanet.ac.tz; Tel: +255754818514 iii) Dr. Eliakimu Zahabu (Carbon and Ecosystem Management specialist) Department of Forest Management and Mensuration P.O. Box 3013, Morogoro, Tanzania E-mail: ezahabu@suanet.ac.tz; OR zahabu@yahoo.com Tel: +255787316933 UDSM iv) Dr. Emma Liwenga (Natural Resources and Livelihoods) University of Dar-es-Salaam (IRA) P.O. Box 35091 Dar-es-Salaam E-mail: eliwenga@udsm.ac.tz; Tel: +255784477091 ARU v) Ms Beatrice Tarimo (Remote Sensing and GIS) Ardhi University P.O. Box 35178 Dar-es-Salaam Email: beatrice@aru.ac.tz OR betarymo@hotmail.com Tel. +255754766575 UMB vi) Prof. Fred Midtgaard (PhD) (Fire ecology) University of Life Science (UMB) Ås, Norway E-mail: fred.midtgaard@umb.no; Tel: +4764965765

Summary Wildfires are world-wide problems and uncontrolled or misused fire inflicts disaster on society and the environment, destroying property and natural capital including even killing people. The main effects of forest fires are losses in stocks of biomass, change in hydrological cycle and nutrients. Global records show that approximately 3.9 Gt of carbon (Gt C) are released annually into the atmosphere through biomass burning and Africa leads the world in the number of wildfires and area burned. Many wildfires are intentionally set to clear land for agriculture, and some of these wildfires may get out of control to burn much larger areas than were originally intended. In the last decade, many African countries have given wildfire very high priority by allocating more resources to fire management. In Tanzania fire occurs in most parts of the miombo woodlands, which covers about 75% of the terrestrial ecosystems and some of them cause significant ecological and socio-economic impacts therefore, a sustainable management of the miombo is critical, both for local, national and global interest. Several efforts have been done in Tanzania to reduce fire frequency in miombo woodlands but the success has been constrained with lack of funds and/or proper strategies. National forest laws preventing fires also exist, but tend not to be respected in the rural areas where local by laws are more important. The major handicap to Miombo forest fire management is the lack information regarding fire regimes and its effects on the environment and the communities as a whole. Furthermore, in most districts of Tanzania there are no apparent solutions to the fire problem, despite years of regulation and attempts to control, and in most places fire incidences are believed to be increasing. Therefore, this study intends to develop fire management strategies for the miombo ecosystem as a tool for climate change mitigation strategies. Both bio-physical and socio-economic methods will be used to capture empirical data on the carbon pools and how the pools and their sequestration potential are influenced by different burning regimes and forest management scenarios. This study will also strive to quantify the effect of fire incidences on carbon storage and other ecosystem services (e.g. water production, non-timber products, biodiversity) and hence on rural livelihoods. In order to consolidate data on CCIAM programme, we will work very closely with NGOs working in the same or closely related sites under the auspices of the CCIAM programme. Results from this project are expected to yield policy recommendations for the sustainable management of the miombo ecosystem.

Key words: Fire reduction strategy, management regimes, carbon stocks, livelihoods, miombo woodland

Duration: Three years

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Narrative Summary (a) Project title and names, titles, and affiliations of Researchers The project title is ‘Governance Challenges in REDD Implementation in Tanzania: Experiences from Participatory Forest Management in Manyara and Lindi Regions’ S/N Name Title Affiliation 1 Faustin P. Maganga Associate Professor IRA, University of Dar es Salaam 2 Emma Liwenga Senior Lecturer IRA, University of Dar es Salaam 3 Jumanne M. Abdallah Senior Lecturer Sokoine University of Agriculture 4 Tor A. Benjaminsen Professor Norwegian University of Life

Sciences (UMB) 5 Odd-Helge Fjeldstad Associate Professor Norwegian University of Life

Sciences (UMB) & CMI 6 Knut Gunnar Nustad

Associate Professor Norwegian University of Life

Sciences (UMB) & NUPI (b) Abstract Participatory Forest Management (PFM) has been found to be effective in halting deforestation and degradation. REDD finances could potentially facilitate the PFM process and reduce deforestation and forest degradation. PFM implementation has shown a number of governance challenges that need to be addressed mainly related to participation, ownership and benefit-sharing mechanisms. It is important to address these challenges in order to obtain an effective implementation of REDD under the umbrella of PFM. Focusing on Manyara and Lindi regions, the proposed study will investigate threats facing PFM in facilitating and accelerating the REDD process, and focus on governance aspects such as benefit flows, distributional effects, institutional capacity and linkages, governance, and accountability. Our multi-disciplinary research team will examine how forest benefits are shared and assess community awareness on legal rights attached to forest management for addressing leakage. The team will document villagers’ knowledge on market values of forest products compared to standing ‘carbon forest’ for forest conservation and community livelihood enhancement. Based on the experience from the two regions, the study will provide recommendations for the implementation of REDD in community-owned forests in Tanzania. (c) Key Words Governance, Smallholders, corruption, benefit-sharing (d)Project Per iod/Duration The proposed duration of this project is three years.

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Narrative Summary (a) Project title and names, titles, and affiliations of Researchers The project title is ‘Implications of REDD on Smallholders’ Livelihoods through Access to Land in Manyara Region: Mapping and Assessment of Challenges and Opportunities’ S/N Name Title Affiliation 1 Dr. Amos E. Majule Senior Lecturer IRA, University of Dar es Salaam 2 Prof. Faustin P. Maganga Associate Professor IRA, University of Dar es Salaam 3 Dr. Rosemarie Mwaipopo Lecturer Dept of Sociology &

Anthropology, University of Dar es Salaam

4 Prof. Boniface Mbilinyi Professor Sokoine University of Agriculture 5 Dr. Jumanne M. Abdallah Senior Lecturer Sokoine University of Agriculture 6 Dr. Hanne Svarstad Senior Researcher NINA 7 Prof. Tor A. Benjaminsen Professor Norwegian University of Life

Sciences (UMB) 8 Dr. Vegar Bakkestuen

Researcher, Associate Professor

NINA and the University of Oslo

9 Ms. Julitha Ipopo GIS Scientist IRA, University of Dar es Salaam 10 Ms. Anna Mushi GIS Technician IRA, University of Dar es Salaam

(b) Abstract Pressure on land in Tanzania is increasing through population growth and rising international interest in cheap African land. This latter process is resulting in ‘land grabbing’. More than 40 % of the land in Tanzania is under conservation. When Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) is now being introduced in Tanzania, the new projects should be seen in a broader regional context in order to try avoiding adverse effects on smallholders’ access to resources and, hence, to their livelihoods. This interdisciplinary project will focus on Manyara Region and examine the implications of REDD initiatives on smallholders’ access to land. The gender dimensions of these challenges will be analysed. Remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems will be applied to analyse land use changes. Qualitative methods will be used at selected sites. Strategies to meet challenges of access to land and resources for smallholders will be identified in relation to livelihood security and gender equity. This project will produce knowledge of importance for Manyara Region and at the same time constitute a pilot project with the elaboration of an approach that can be replicated in the implementation of REDD in the other regions in Tanzania as well as in other countries. (c) Key Words REDD, smallholders, livelihood security, land access, gender equity. (d)Project Per iod/Duration

The proposed duration of this project is three years.

(12) Narrative summary

Development of biomass estimation models for carbon monitoring in selected vegetation types of Tanzania By Prof. R. E. Malimbwi 1), Dr. E. Zahabu 1), Prof. S.A.O. Chamshama 1), Mr. J.Z. Katani 1), Prof. T. Eid2) & Dr. O. M. Bollandsås2). 1) Departments of Forest Mensuration and Management; and Forest Biology, Sokoine University of Agriculture 2) Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences Tanzania is in the process of establishing a national REDD strategy where is currently carrying out a National Forest Monitoring and Assessment (NAFORMA. There are also several REDD piloting projects being initiated in the country. All these efforts will come out with data for the estimation of biomass and carbon changes in different ecosystems in the country. However, there are no appropriate allometric biomass equations, developed for this purpose. Those that exist are deficient in that they do not consider below ground biomass, they are localized to limited sites; small and/or bigger trees on model development process have been excluded; they are developed from a limited number of samples trees; they rarely take into account available information on wood specific gravity or they are based on merchantable volume for the case of plantation forests. It is these limitations that give relevancy to the proposed study. The NAFORMA has specifically requested the Climate Change Impact Adaptation and Mitigation (CCIAM) research programme to include development of biomass equations in her activities. This study is envisaging to assess and monitor carbon stocks in selected forest types of Tanzania, in the process of which below ground and above ground biomass equations, growth models estimating changes in biomass, appropriate inventory designs and efficient data collection methods will be developed. Keywords: biomass equations, growth models, inventory designs, different vegetation types Duration: 3 years

(13) Project Title: Quantification, Modeling and Mapping Carbon Stocks and Plant Diversity in Different Land Cover Types in Tanzania Researchers: 1 Prof. PKT Munishi Sokoine University of Agriculture Tanzania 2 Prof. RPC Temu Sokoine University of Agriculture Tanzania 3 Prof. S.R. Moe Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norway 4 Mr. D.D. Shirima Sokoine University of Agriculture Tanzania 5 Dr. B. Mbilinyi Sokoine University of Agriculture Tanzania 6 Prof. Ø. Totland Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway 7 Prof. L.L. Lulandala Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania 8 Dr. (Mrs)E. Mtengeti Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania 9 Prof. S. Mwakalila University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 10 Dr. E. Mpeta Tanzania Meteorological Agency, Dar es Salaam Narrative Summary: The general objective of the project is to develop quantitative methods for predicting carbon stock and sequestration, map carbon distribution and assess emissions from degradation in different vegetation types in selected agroecological zones of Tanzania. Carbon stocks will also be measured across a gradient in rainfall and temperature, enabling us to predict changes in carbon storage under different climatic change scenarios. Since species composition and diversity (including species richness and evenness) is important for carbon storage and for ecosystem functioning in general these properties will receive particular attention in our project. Accordingly the specific objectives are to develop carbon allometric models for different tree species in selected sites of evergreen forests, miombo woodlands, Acacia/Commiphora woodlands and farmlands, to assess carbon stocks and sequestration, emissions from degradation and to map carbon distribution. Based on our findings we will prepare carbon baseline maps to provide a simple way to visualize the distribution of carbon in the different vegetation and cover types as a baseline scenario for REDD Key Words: Carbon, Mapping, Plant-diversity, Vegetation Duration: The project will run for 3 years 2010/11 - 2012/13

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1. Leading Institution: Ardhi University, P.O. Box 35176, Dar es Salaam,

Tanzania

2 Applicants’ names:

a) Project Leader: Dr. R. S. Shemdoe (PhD) - Institute of Human

Settlements Studies (IHSS), Ardhi University (ARU). P.O. Box 35124,

Dar Es Salaam, E-mail address: rizikis@yahoo.com, riziki@aru.ac.tz

Tel: +255 22 2775004 or +255 784 295385, Fax: +255 22

2775245.

b) Researchers :

(1) Mr. S. Kingazi BSc. (Forestry), MSc. (Forestry-Economics); PhD

(Entrepreneurship-Ongoing). Department of Forest

Economics, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation,

Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3011, Morogoro,

Tanzania. Phone: +255754855434 Fax: E-Mail:

skingazi@yahoo.com, Fax: +255 23 260 4648.

(2) Mr. E. Mshana- LL.B (Hons), LL.M (Dar). PhD (Land Law and

Policy, UDSM – On going). School of Laws, University of Dar

es Salaam, P. O. Box. Tel:+255754302996 E mail:

ebenmshana@yahoo.com

(3) Mr. D. Kibassa B.Sc. (Environmental Sciences and

Management), M.Sc. (IWRM). Institute of Human Settlements

Studies (IHSS), Ardhi University (ARU). P.O. Box 35124, Dar Es

Salaam, Tanzania. Tel: +255713770434 E-mail:

dkibassa2000@yahoo.com, kibassa@aru.ac.tz

(4) Ms. F. Mombo BSc. (Forestry), MSc. (MNRSA) Ph.D (Applied

Biological Sciences-Majoring resource economics - on going)

Department of Forest Economics, Faculty of Forestry and

Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.

Box 3011, Morogoro, Tanzania Tel: +255786644655 E-

mail:fmombo@yahoo.com

Title: Establishment of Harmonized Modalities and Mechanisms for

Community Compensation and Carbon Markets: The Case Study of REDD

Pilot Projects in Tanzania

Project Narrative Summary

Forests play important role in climate change mitigation as sources and sinks of carbon dioxide gas. Norwegian and Tanzanian governments have recently agreed to cooperate with other Non Governmental Organizations and academic institutions to execute reduced emission through degradation and deforestation activities under REDD framework in order to reduce carbon emissions and minimize impacts of global warming. Among the challenges faced in the implementation of REDD in Tanzania is the non existence of the known modalities for compensation on the carbon trading as well as issues related to land tenure and other benefits which the local community is likely to get. This study aims to establish harmonized modalities and mechanisms for community compensation on carbon trading based on REDD pilot projects and develop a manual that will be used to guide payment systems for REDD national programme. Data collection will be done through inception and activity stages. The output of this study will include a PhD Thesis, four policy briefs, four articles in peer reviewed journals and a manual to guide carbon payment mechanisms under REDD initiative, while the outcome will be improved

community livelihoods of the societies surrounding REDD pilot project areas through increased income generated from carbon trading.

Key words: REDD, Harmonized modalities, carbon payment

(15) Analysis of the impacts of urban land use and climate change on coastal forest ecosystem and management John Lupala - PhD, Ardhi University Japhet J. Kashaigili - PhD, Sokoine University of Agriculture Aldo Lupala - PhD, Ardhi University Makarius Mdemu - PhD, Ardhi University Emma Liwenga – PhD, Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam Marco Burra - PhD , Ardhi University Abstract Urbanization and climate change may contribute to deforestation through land use change and shifts in livelihood activities. Although coastal forest can significantly contribute to REDD and climate change mitigation in Tanzania, the focus has been on participatory forestry management in rural areas without addressing the drivers of deforestation from coastal areas. This proposal is an attempt to assess impacts of coastal urban land use and climate change on coastal forest ecosystem and management by analyzing the drivers of deforestation; impact of coastal urban land use and climate change on coastal forest ecosystem services; socioeconomic and livelihood conditions and development of strategies for integrated urban planning and climate change impacts adaptations in coastal areas. A combination of approaches, i.e., GIS and remote sensing; participatory techniques; socioeconomic and livelihood analysis; institutional mapping and analysis; trend analysis of historical climatic and sea water levels records; field experimentation, ecosystem analysis and multi-stakeholder platforms will be used by the proposed research. The research will contribute to the understanding of the impacts of coastal urban and peri-urban land use and climate changes on coastal forestry and management. Such an understanding will help in developing strategies for integrated urban land use plans and adaptation options to climate change impacts on coastal livelihoods to support coastal forestry conservation. Keywords: climate change, urban land use, mitigation, adaptation, ecosystem, coastal forestry, Project Period/Duration: 39 CALENDER MONTHS