DRINKING WATER SUPPLYEnglish I

INTRODUCTION

From the first settlements, the man has tried to remain near the water.

The first system created to lead water from a source up to a population, was Arquimedes's screw.

The consumption of drinking water is necessary for man, at present the most convenient is the construction of a drinking water network, which is a system of engineering works, which together allow bring drinking water to the house of the people of a city, town or rural area.

The different works that are carried out in this system are:

Captation. Adduction and Conduction Line. Desander Plant of Treatment. Tank of Storage. The Distribution Networks. The Domiciliary Connections.

CAPTATION The structure that builds to capture water is called Intake

Works. Usually, water that is utilized to convert it in drinking

water, is extracted from two types of sources: Surface water Underground water

Captations of surface waters

Surface water is the current flowing on the surface of the earth.

These water bodies form the rivers, lakes, ponds, and others.

RIVERS LAKES

The intake works more used in this type of captation are:

Side intake workFund intake work

The intake works for these types of captation, usually consists of:

A grid at its entrance to prevent the passage of bodies that are

dragged by water such as dead fish, tree branches, among others.

A cleaning chamber that is built to evacuate all washed away bodies who achieve pass the grid, and allow the water passes to adduction line and then to a treatment plant.

Side Intake Work

Fund Intake Work

Captations of Underground Waters Underground waters are located under the natural terrain.

These are waters that seep in cracks and spaces in the ground, when it is raining.

Underground waters are located under the natural terrain. These are waters that seep in cracks and spaces in the ground, when it is raining.

The most common ways to capture underground waters are:

WellsPerforations or Polls

WellsThe wells are the types of captations oldest.The construction of a well is still the right choice to operate

in a groundwater reservoir, as its performance is superior to that of a perforation the same depth.

Perforations or Polls

The perforations are captations very used at present, are generally of smaller diameter and deeper than the wells. The perforations are coated with metal pipes with many slots or holes along them to allow the income of the water captured by a submersible pump.

There are two ways to perforate the spot where you will place the metal structure for the poll:

THE FIRST: Percussion drilling is performed by the reciprocating movement of raising and lowering a heavy mass, that fractures the rock through its fall.

THE SECOND: Rotary drilling is performed by rotating a cutting tool that is driven by a linkage.

ADDUCTION AND CONDUCTION LINEAdduction is the work that transports raw water.

Conduction is the work that transports drinking water, this happens after the water goes through a treatment plant where the water is totally purified.

There are two types systems that are:

1.- Gravity Adduction and Conduction Is the set of pipes, channels, tunnels and devices that

enable the transport of water using the force of gravity, that is, in this type of system we take advantage of the difference of the area.

2.- Pumped Adduction and Conduction The set of structural elements, devices equipment, pipes

and fittings that allow the transport of a given volume of

water through a pump.

DESANDER These are tanks whose function is to separate the sand and

solid elements that carries water traveling, through adduction system that is built from the captation to these tanks.

PLANT OF TREATMENT These are tanks whose function is to separate the sand and

solid elements that carries water traveling, through adduction system that is built from the captation to these tanks.

Their mission is the elimination of three main types of undesirable substances in water intended for human consumption:

Mineral matter.Organic materials: phenols, hydrocarbons, detergents,

pesticide residues.Biological contaminants: microorganisms, such as bacteria,

viruses.

There are different methods of purification, although all of them have, in general, the following steps:

FLOCCULATION SEDIMENTATION FILTRATION DISINFECTION

TANK OF STORAGE The basic function of this element is to store water in the

hours that the population does not consume a lot of water, so that at the time when demand is higher, people can satisfy their need with the stored water.

THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS These are the set of pipes responsible for bring water to each

home. Drinking water comes to the distribution network after being transported from the storage tank through a conduction pipe.

THE DOMICILIARY CONNECTIONS Usually pipes carrying drinking water throughout the

distribution network are located approximately one meter deep from the street. The company responsible in each city is that which has the obligation to connects a hose from the pipe network to a meter box that has each address, which will allow the passing of water into the home through a stopcock.

This box has principal element is a meter which indicates the company and users, how much water are consumed.

Also as the storage tank we saw above, each house must have its own tank or cistern, to regulate its daily consumption and thus save the expense of pumping every day.

All water consumed by the people for every fixture in your home, are evacuated by other pipes that form a system called Sewage Network, which consists of other water purification.

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