SOLID WASTE RECYCLE

N REUSE

IS GETTING RID OF GARBAGE BY THROWING IT AWAY SEEMS LIKE THE EASIEST THING TO DO.

3 R’SRECYCLING GARBAGE• ALTERNATIVE FORM OF GETTING RID OF USED

MATERIALS.• INSTEAD OF PUTTING USED MATERIALS IN A

LANDFILL, IT IS PROCESSED AND MADE INTO NEW ITEMS.

• EVERYTHING FROM PAPER TO PLASTIC TO BATTERIES TO BE RECYCLED AND MADE INTO SOMETHING USEFUL AGAIN.

REUSE• INSTEAD OF CAREFULLY DISCARDING ITEMS

THAT CAN BE RECYCLED TO MAKE NEW PRODUCTS, REUSE INVOLVES USING THE ITEMS IN ANOTHER WAY, WHEN THEIR PRIMARY USE IS FINISHED.

• THIS REUSE EXTENDS THE LIFE CYCLE OF AN ITEM, WHICH MAY EVENTUALLY BE DISCARDED, BUT IN THE MEANTIME, IS USEFUL AND REMAINS IN CIRCULATION INSTEAD OF GRACING THE TOP OF A GARBAGE PILE IN A LANDFILL.

• IT IS PREFERABLE THAT A PRODUCT BE RE-USED IN THE SAME STATE E.G., RETURNABLE PLASTIC PAL LETS, USING AN EMPTY GLASS JAR FOR STORING ITEMS AND USING SECOND HAND CLOTHES.

• REUSE IS NORMALLY PREFERABLE TO RECYCLING AS THERE ISN'T THE SAME REQUIREMENT FOR THE MATERIAL TO HAVE GONE THROUGH A DETAILED TREATMENT PROCESS THUS HELPING TO SAVE ON ENERGY AND MATERIAL USAGE.

REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF WASTE YOU CREATE• B U Y O N LY W H AT YO U N E E D• B U Y P R O D U C T S T H AT C A N B E R E U S E D• B U Y P R O D U C T S W I T H L I T T L E PA C K A G I N G• B U Y N O N -T OX I C P R O D U C T S W H E N E V E R

P O S S I B L E• R E C YC L E M O T O R P R O D U C T S

Ways to Reuse

DISADVANTAGES OF RE-USE

• E N E R GY A N D R AW M AT E R I A L S AV I N G S• R E F U R B I S H M E N T C A N B R I N G

S O P H I S T I C AT E D , S U S TA I N A B L E A N D W E L L PA I D J O B S T O U N D E R D E V E L O P E D E C O N O M I E S

• C O S T S AV I N G S F O R B U S I N E S S A N D C O N S U M E R S

• S U C H I T E M S C A N B E H A N D C R A F T E D A N D H AV E A P P R E C I AT E VA LU E S

ADVANTAGES OF RE-USE

• REQUIRES CLEANING AND TRANSPORT, ADDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL COST

• SOME ITEMS LIKE FREON APPLIANCES CAN BE HAZARDOUS AND LESS ENERGY EFFICIENT AS THEY CONTINUE TO BE USED.

• SORTING AND PREPARING ITEMS FOR RE USE IS TIME CONSUMING

DIFFERENT METHODS OF RECYCLING & DISPOSAL

• HOUSEHOLD WASTE NEEDS TO BE TUNED WHEN CONTAINERS ARE WITHIN 75% TO 100% FULL BUT NOT OVERFLOWING.

• RECYCLABLES NEEDS TO BE SEPARATED. CHANGES IN THE FREQUENCY OF COLLECTION ARE MADE AS NEEDED DEPENDING ON CHANGES IN BUILDING OCCUPANCY OR USE AND TYPES AND VOLUME OF RECYCLABLES RECOVERED.

• COMPOSTING( MANURE PIT)• VERMICOMPOSTING• BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY• INCINERATION• BAILING• LANDFILLING

SEGREGATION OF WASTE (AT SOURCE)

SEGREGATION OF WASTE

SEGREGATION OF WASTESEPERATION OF REFUSE- DEPENDS UPON THE METHOD OF DISPOSAL SYSTEMS-

•SINGLE BIN SYSTEM- DRY AND WET IS GATHERED IN ONE BIN.

•DOUBLE BIN SYSTEM- DRY AND WET SOLID WASTE ARE COLLECTED INTO SEPARATE BINS.

•TRIPLE BIN SYSTEM-IN TRIPLE BIN SYSTEM DRY SOLID WASTE IS AGAIN

SEPARATED INTO TWO BINS ON THEIR REUSABLE PROPERTIES AND WET SOLID WASTE IS THIRD ONE.

SEGREGATION OF WASTE

SEGREGATION OF WASTE• THE MAJORITY OF BANGALOREANS

PREFER TO GIVE AWAY THEIR WASTE TO THE BBMP OR THROW IT IN AN EMPTY PLOT. BUT, NOT GEETANJALI SRIDHARAN.

• COMPOSTING……• NON-RECYCLABLE TO BBMP..

WHO –Old Hospital

EXISTING WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN SOME HCE DHAKA CITY (IN-HOUSE WASTE SEGREGATION AND FINAL DISPOSAL) ORGANIZED BY PRISM BANGLADESH. THIS NEW SYSTEM HAS BEEN PRACTICED SINCE DECEMBER 2005.

GARBAGE

RECYCLING AND REUSE

IF AN OLD AUTOMOBILE TYRE IS RECYCLED, IT MIGHT BECOME RAW MATERIAL FOR ROAD SURFACING OR…………

RECYCLING AND REUSEA GLASS CANNING JAR MIGHT BECOME RAW MATERIAL FOR

'GLASSPHALT' OR……..

• PLASTIC TUBS AND LIDS ARE MADE INTO FLOWERPOTS, PLASTIC LUMBER, ROPES , MATS, PILLOWS,BAGS, SHOWPIECES ETC..

• PLASTIC BOTTLES ARE RECYCLED INTO POLYESTER YARN FOR CARPET, CLOTHING OR PACKAGING

• OLD NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES ARE RECYCLED INTO NEW ONES…. BY PAPER PULP PROCESS

• HARDBOARD ARE USED FOR PRODUCTS LIKE EGG CARTONS • ALUMINUM, SUCH AS SOFT DRINK CANS, IS MADE INTO ALUMINUM

SHEETING FOR THE AUTO TRADE AND GENERAL USE• STEEL CANS ARE MADE INTO STEEL CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS• JUICE BOXES/ TETRA PACKS ARE USED FOR PAPER TOWEL AND TISSUE

PRODUCTION

RECYCLING AND REUSE

COLLECTIONAUTOMATED VACUUM WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM

ALSO KNOWN AS PNEUMATIC REFUSE COLLECTION, OR AUTOMATED VACUUM COLLECTION (AVAC) SYSTEM

TRANSPORTS WASTE AT HIGH SPEED THROUGH UNDERGROUND TUNNELS TO A COLLECTION STATION

FURTHER IT IS COMPACTED AND SEALED IN CONTAINERS

ADVANTAGES

• REDUCED CONGESTION• NOISE AND EMISSIONS FROM TRUCKS• PESTS• IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS FOR BUILDING AND SANITATION

EMPLOYEES • IMPROVING AND EXPANDING SOURCE SEPARATION OF WASTE• REDUCTION IN THE AMOUNT OF SPACE NEEDED FOR STORING

AND REMOVING WASTE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE BUILDINGS• SINCE PNEUMATIC TRANSFER STATIONS ONLY PROCESS WASTE

GENERATED WITHIN THEIR NETWORK THEY INVITE EXPANDED COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY AND CONTROL

DISADVANTAGES

• EACH TYPE OF SOLID WASTE CAN NOT BE COLLECTED • NOT COST EFFECTIVE IN LOW DENSITY AREAS. • BULK WASTES: APPLIANCES, FURNITURE, ETC. CAN'T BE FED

INTO A TUBE THE WAY THEY ARE FED INTO THE BACK OF A GARBAGE TRUCK.

• AND THERE IS THE ISSUE OF HOW MUCH TO INCLUDE. FOR EXAMPLE, BARCELONA CHOSE ONLY ORGANICS AND REFUSE.

• RECYCLABLES ARE LESS VOLATILE AND PICK UPS ARE LESS FREQUENT SO THE CITY DECIDED TO CONTINUE COLLECTING THEM BY TRUCK. THESE DECISIONS TEND TO HAVE MORE TO DO WITH LOCAL WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY THAN TECHNICAL PARAMETERS.

SOLID

WASTE

T RA N S P O RTAT I ON

SOLID W

ASTE

TRANSPORTA

TION

The transportation of waste is the movement of waste over a specific area by trains, tankers, trucks, barges, or other vehicles.The types of wastes that may be transported range from municipal garbage to radioactive or hazardous wastes.

Hazardous wastes may be transported to be treated, stored, or disposed of. Facilities that generate hazardous waste are required to prepare a shipping document, or "manifest," to accompany the waste as it is transported from the site of generation. This manifest must accompany the waste until its final destination and is used to track the wastes from cradle-to-grave.

GARBAGE TRUCKGarbage truck refers to a truck specially designed to collect small quantities of waste and haul the collected waste to a solid waste treatment facility.

Technical names include waste collection vehicle and refuse collection vehicle. These trucks are a common sight in most urban areas.

TYPES OF WASTE COLLECTION VEHICLE

• Front loaders• Rear loaders• Side loaders• Pneumatic collection• Grapple trucks

Front loaders

The truck is equipped with automated forks on the front which the driver carefully aligns with sleeves on the waste container using a jostick or a sets of level

The waste container is then lifted over the truckOnce it gets to the top the container is then flipped upside down and the waste or recyclable material is emptied into the vehicle's hopper.

Once the waste is dumped, it is compacted by a hydraulically-powered moving wall that oscillates backwards and forwards to push the waste to the rear of the vehicle.

Rear loaders

Rear loaders have an opening at the rear that waste collectorcan throw waste bags or empty the content of bins into

Side loaders

These trucks are loaded from the side, either manually, or with the assistance of an automated lift.

Lift-equipped trucks are referred to as automated side loaders.

Pneumatic collection

Pneumatic collection trucks have a crane with a tube and a mouthpiece that fits in a hole, usually hidden under a plate under the street.The system usually allows the driver to "pick up" the waste, even if the access is blocked by cars, snow or other barriers.

Grapple trucksenable the collection of bulk waste.

branches, logs) are called bulky waste or "oversized." The preferred method for collecting these items is with a grapple truck.

LANDFILL IT IS THE PROCESS OF DISPOSAL OF WASTE BY BURYING THEM

UNDER THE EARTH.

COMPOSTING IT IS A MOST WIDELY USED DISPOSAL TECHNIQUE. IT IS THE

PROCESS OF BURYING OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE AND RECYCLING THE ORGANIC WASTE INTO A NEW SOIL WHICH CAN BE USED FOR LANDSCAPING AND GROWING VEGETABLES.

BENEFITS OF COMPOSTING• KEEPS ORGANIC WASTES OUT OF LANDFILLS. • PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE SOIL. • INCREASES BENEFICIAL SOIL ORGANISMS • REDUCES THE NEED FOR FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES. •   PROTECTS SOILS FROM EROSION.  INCINERATION INCINERATION IS A PROCESS OF BURNING OF WASTE MATERIAL

AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. IT REDUCES A WEIGHT OF THE WASTE BY TWO THIRDS AND ITS VOLUME BY 90%. CAUSES LOT OF AIR POLLUTION AND RELEASES POISONOUS CHEMICALS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. SOME OF THE INCINERATION PLANTS WERE USED IN INDIA BUT DUE TO HIGH ECONOMIC VALUE IT IS NOT USED NOWADAYS.

DISPOSAL METHODS

OCEAN DUMPING OCEAN DUMPING IS THE DUMPING OF

GARBAGE, CONSTRUCTION AND SEWAGE SLUDGE, DREDGE MATERIAL, AND WASTE CHEMICALS, INTO THE OCEAN. OCEAN DUMPING MAY BE REGULATED AND CONTROLLED IN CERTAIN CASES, WHILE SOME SHIPS AND TANKERS DUMP HAPHAZARDLY AND ILLEGALLY WITHIN COASTAL WATERS. SHOULD NOT BE PREFERED BECAUSE IT MAKES THE OCEAN WATER DIRTY.

PLOUGHING TO FIELDS THE WASTE CAN BE BURIED INTO THE FIELDS OF FARMERS AND AFTER SOME TIME THEY SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO PLOUGH THEIR FIELD FOR FARMING.

GRINDING AND DISCHARGING TO SEWER

• NOT COMMON IN INDIA• USED IN AMERICA AND OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES• REFUSE IS WELL GRINDED IN HOUSE OR COMMERCIAL

GRINDERS AND IS DISCHARGED IN THE SEWER.• THIS METHOD LEAVES THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF

RESIDUAL REFUSE 85-90% AS UNSOLVED BECAUSE IT IS MIXED IN THE SEWAGE

AUROVILLE• AUROVILLE’S ECO-SERVICE OPERATES A PRIMARY WASTE

COLLECTION AND RECYCLING • OPERATION THAT SERVICES ALL OF AUROVILLES’ COMMUNITIES,

BUSINESS AND SERVICE UNITS

• EACH WEEK THE COLLECTORS PICK UP NON-ORGANIC RESIDUAL WASTE AND RECYCLABLE

• MATERIAL FROM APPROXIMATELY 800 TENEMENTS IN THE AUROVILLE AREA. COLLECTION

• VEHICLES COMPRISE A PEDAL RICKSHAW (ARUMUGAM) AND A BULLOCK CART

• (NARAYANAN).

• AT EACH COMMUNITY OR TENEMENT THERE IS A DESIGNATED AREA WHERE MIXED AND

• SEPARATED MATERIAL IS STORED IN 75 OR 200 LITRE PLASTIC OR STEEL CONTAINERS.

• AUROVILLIANS ARE CHARGED ON A USER PAYS BASIS WHERE A BAG OF UNSEPARATED

• MATERIAL IS CHARGED AT RS 20 AND A SEPARATED BAG OF MATERIAL IS CHARGED AT RS. 10

• PER BAG FOR COLLECTION.

AUROVILLE

AUROVILLE WASTE AVOIDANCE• AVOID GENERATING UNNECESSARY WASTE.

• NJAL (CENTRE FIELD) HAS DEVELOPED A • CLOTH BAG DEPOSIT SERVICE IN ORDER TO ELIMINATE PLASTIC

CARRY BAGS FROM AUROVILLE.

Biodegradable waste

BIODEGRADABLE WASTE

Biodegradable waste is a Type of waste, typically originating from Plant or Animal sources, which may be broken down by other living organisms.

Waste that cannot be broken down by other living organisms may be called non-biodegradable.

BMW (biodegradable municipal waste)

Waste food, garden, paper and paperboard, textiles, wood , oil ,fat and other miscellaneous are biodegradable wastes sources such as commerce and trade activities, office buildings, institutions ,hotels , industries and small businesses. etc.

THE PREFERRED OPTIONS FOR DEALING WITH BMW ARE:

prevention and minimisation – avoiding generating the waste

recycling – mainly of paper and cardboard but also of textiles biological treatment – mainly of kitchen and garden waste

including composting residual treatment – thermal treatment with energy recovery

or by way of mechanical-biological treatment.The Strategy sets specific objectives for the contributions that each of these measures will contribute to the achievement of the 2016 target for diversion of BMW from landfill.   It proposes that, by 2016, recycling (principally of paper and cardboard waste which cannot be reused) will divert 875,371 tonnes (38.6%) from landfill with biological treatment (mainly food and garden waste) contributing 442,129 tonnes (19.5%) to the overall target with thermal treatment diverting 499,762 tonnes (22%) of residual waste. 

CASE STUDY ON NETHERLANDS

The Netherlands has achieved high landfill diversion rates with a significant decrease in quantities of BMW landfilled between 1995 (28 %) and 1998 (13 %) mainly through an increased reliance on incineration (26 % in 1995 to 37 % in 1998). The Netherlands also has widespread separate collection and recovery of specific materials, in particular, paper, food and garden waste;

THE NETHERLANDS Although the quantity of household waste increased by

13.4 % between 1995 and 1998 in the Netherlands, the quantities of biodegradable municipal waste being

consigned to landfill decreased by more than 50 % over this three-year period.

The Netherlands has, for many years, had a low reliance on landfill and employs a range of treatment options for the management of BMW.

In 1998, the year for which the most recent data is available, 13.1 % of biodegradable waste from households was consigned to landfill, 36.5 % was consigned to incineration with energy recovery, 33.3 % consigned to composting and 19 % to recycling.

KEY STRATEGIES AND INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE NETHERLANDS INCLUDE:

waste prevention and minimisation producer responsibility high level of separate collection ban on the landfilling of biodegradable wastes standards for compost quality and use landfill and incineration taxes • other fiscal measures.

BMW waste flow for the NETHERLAND IN 1995

BMW waste flow for the NETHERLAND IN 1998

EXISTING COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF BMW IN THE NETHERLANDS

FUTURE PROJECTIONS

LANDFILL DIRECTIVE TARGETS AND CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS

P R E S E N T E D B Y

PRUTHA CHIDDARWAR

PRIYANKA RAJANI

MARIA ARIF

PRANITA LAKHE

JAYANT XAXLO

SAGAR GULDEKAR

MADHAV MUNDHE

AM!T TARTE Thank you