Reconstruction (II). End of Civil War South was devastated African Americans no longer slaves ...
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Transcript of Reconstruction (II). End of Civil War South was devastated African Americans no longer slaves ...
Reconstruction End of Civil War
South was devastated
African Americans no longer slaves
How to put the pieces back together?
What does freedom mean? Field Order 15 “forty acres and a
mule”
1865-African Americans were hopeful
How would the new south look?
Politics of Reconstruction Minimal Reconstruction
• Restore Union• Andrew Johnson
Radical Reconstruction• Restore Union• Put “loyal” people in key positions• Guarantee basic rights for blacks• Congress
Ten Percent Plan Under Lincoln
Successful in LA and AR
Set up local government after 10% were “loyal”
Andrew Johnson Southerner
U.S. Senator
V.P. under Lincoln
President• Man positioned to
guide U.S. back together
Problems Many states were limiting voting to
include white only
Black codes were passed
Different laws
Johnson and the Veto Freedman’s bureau
• Had to be rewritten to pass
Civil Rights Bill• Congress over rode the veto
Radical Reconstruction Contradicted Johnson’s wishes
Wanted to “re-shape” southern society
Supported military rule• Militarized for a limited period
Eventually forced to compromise
Impeachment Johnson refused to support
Reconstruction Act
Congress voted to impeach• Obstructing Congress
Johnson escaped Impeachment by one vote
Rejection of Field Order No.15
1865 40,000 former slaves granted
300,000 acres of land
When Johnson pardoned land owners• Land was returned
Reconstruction politics Republicans ruled
Protection of civil and voting rights
“Scalawags”• White southern republican
“Carpetbaggers”• Northerners who saw opportunity
Positive gains of Republican Rule
Schools
Expanded public services
African Americans could particpate
President Grant and Scandal Credit Mobilier Scandal
• Vice President implicated in this scheme
Whisky Ring• Corruption at all levels of government
15th Amendment Ratified in 1870
Upheld the right of all male citizens to vote
Allowed for local level qualifications
Ku Klux Klan Wanted to reclaim the south
Put Democrats in control
Go back to the pre-Civil war Social Order
Targeted African-American and white supporters
1870-71 Force Acts Enforce the 15th Amendment
Illegal to interfere with voting rights
U.S. troops could intervene
Thousands arrested
Compromise of 1877 Tilden won the popular vote
Electoral votes disputed
Compromise gave Hayes the win• Promised to withdraw from the South• Southern Democrats agree to side with
Hayes
End of Reconstruction
Southern white elite took control• Wealthy planter class• Business
“Reedemers”• Combination of Old South elite and
commercial/business interest groups