Recognise Basic Breeding Behaviour of Farm Animals · Recognise basic breeding behaviour of farm...

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NQF Level: 1 US No: 116174

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Recognise basic breeding behaviour of farm animals

Primary Agriculture NQF Level 1 Unit Standard No: 116174 22

Version: 01 Version Date: July 2006

BBeeffoorree wwee ssttaarrtt…… his assessment guide contains all necessary activities and instructions that will enable the assessor and

learner to gather evidence of the learner’s competence as required by the unit standard. This guide was designed to be used by a trained and accredited assessor whom is registered to assess this specific unit standard as per the requirements of the AgriSETA ETQA.

Prior to the delivery of the program the facilitator and assessor must familiarise themselves with content of this guide, as well as the content of the relevant Learner Workbook.

The assessor, facilitator and learner must plan the assessment process together, in order to offer the learner the maximum support, and the opportunity to reflect competence.

The policies and procedures that are required during the application of this assessment are available on the website of the AgriSETA. The assessor must familiarise him/herself with this document before proceeding.

This guide provides step-by-step instructions for the assessment process of:

This unit standard is one of the building blocks in the qualification listed below. Please mark the qualification you are currently assessing, because that will be determined by the context of application:

Title ID Number NQF Level Credits Mark

National Certificate in Animal Production 48970 1 120

Please mark the learning program you are enrolled in:

TT

Title: Recognise Basic Breeding Behaviour of Farm Animals

US No: 116174 NQF Level: 1 Credits: 6

Are you enrolled in a: Y N

Learnership?

Skills Program?

Short Course?

PPlleeaassee NNoottee::

This Unit Standard 116174 Assessment Guide must be read in conjunction with the generic Assessor Guide as prescribed and published by the AgriSETA.

NNoottee ttoo AAsssseessssoorr::

If you are assessing this module as part of a full qualification or learnership, please ensure that you have familiarized yourself with the content of the qualification.




1 (a) Describe the behaviour of the male and female animals towards each other. Learners must specifically pay attention to:

Model Answer(s):

• The movement and attention of the opposing sexes in each other’s presence.

• The awareness of the opposing sexes to each other’s sex organs.

• The behaviour of animals on heat versus animals that are not on heat.

• The appearance of the sex organs of the female.

1 (b) Describe the behaviour of specifically the male animal in the presence of a female on heat. Learners must specifically pay attention to:

Model Answer(s):

• The behaviour of the male if another male is competing for the attention of the same female.

• The behaviour of the male in the presence of a female on heat.

• The behaviour of the male prior to mating.

• Copulation itself.

• The behaviour of the male after mating.

1 (c) Describe oestrus behaviour in the female:

Model Answer(s): Some of the signs of heat in the female goat (doe) are listed below: • Oestrus is evident in the doe by increased activity and attentiveness. • Many does are more vocal during oestrus and may walk around with tails

raised, displaying reddened vulva, this may be accompanied by a clear vaginal discharge.

• Does may mount other does at this time. • Urination may increase in frequency.

Onset of frequent tail wagging is considered to be the most useful trait for detecting the onset of oestrus in goats.

Instructions to learner:

Groups assigned to observe different livestock species, but Individual work required for Activities 1 (a), (b) and (c). 11

SSOO 11 Learner Workbook: -8 Facilitator Guide: Page 11




2 (a) Describe any abnormal breeding behaviour that they observe:

Model Answer(s): What to look for in the female: • Abnormalities of the female external and internal sex organs (For example,

underdeveloped organ, very small or underdevelopment of the external sex organ).

• Abnormalities of the behaviour of the female animal. • Defects of the external anatomy of the female. • Poor hind legs of the female. • Sex organs anatomical position on the body too low, tail to large. • Injury to the sex organ. • Obstruction in the vaginal track (For example, remains of an aborted foetus

still in the vagina). • Purulent slimy excretion from the sex organ. • Female too small or too big for the male. What to look for in males: An inability to mount may also be caused by anatomic faults such as: • Broken penis or other defects of the male organ. • Too short hind legs or defects of the hind legs. • Too heavy male (Common among pigs). • Back injury. • Homosexual tendencies.

2 (b)

Model Answer(s): • Identify the females that are on heat. • Describe the behaviour of the females that are on heat. • Describe the behaviour of the females to the males when introduced. • Describe any difficulties in copulation that are observed. • Describe the interest of the female in the male after successful copulation for

a few days.


Groups assigned to observe different livestock species, but Individual work required for Activities 2 (a) and (b). 22

SSOO 22 Learner Workbook: Page 9-10 Facilitator Guide: Page 13




Observe and describe successful mating behaviour.

Model Answer(s): There are a few ways to detect if mating was successful:

The females do not express heat signs on the next sex cycle. From as early as 2 - 3 months cattle and sheep can be examined for pregnancy either with an ultrasound scan or manually (by palpation). The male animals will isolate themselves from the females in some species. The females will show signs of pregnancy such as swelling of the udder will swell; distension of the abdomen etc.


Groups assigned to observe different livestock species, but Individual work required for Activity 3. 33

SSOO 33 Learner Workbook: Page 12 Facilitator Guide: Page 15




Observe and describe post-breeding behaviour.

Model Answer(s): A cow cleaning and nuzzling her calf after birth.

A horse nuzzling and cleaning her foal after birth.

Figure 5: A sheep suckling her lamb after birth.


Groups assigned to observe different livestock species, but Individual work required for Activity 4. 44

SSOO 44 Learner Workbook: Page 13 Facilitator Guide: Page 16




Assessment Feedback Form

Comments / Remarks

Feedback to learner on assessment:

Feedback from learner to assessor:

Learner’s Signature:

Date:

Assessor’s Signature: Date:




SSuummmmaattiivvee TTeesstt aanndd AAttttiittuuddee && AAttttrriibbuuttee EEvvaalluuaattiioonn

efore the knowledge test is undertaken, the learner must be reminded of what is expected from him / her in terms of summative and reflexive competence. Read

and explain to the learner, the Preparation for Your Final Assessment section in the learner workbook. Learners and assessor should sign off this section to acknowledge that this step was completed.

Please set up a knowledge test from the questions given as a guideline to learners and supply each learner with a test sheet.

Supply each report with the following heading:

Questions Model Answers

1. Define puberty. That point in the lifecycle of an animal when they are able to reproduce.

2. Name four general principles to keep in mind when handling breeding animals.

Calm, low noise, talk to them, deliberate and even movements, handling aids, suitable facilities.

3. Name three factors that affect how animals are approached.

Kind of animal, Breed, Sex, Age, Individuals or Groups, Tame or Wild.

4. Why is the observation and reporting of breeding behaviours on the farm important?

Reproduction and the consequent production of young is the most important production factor on a farm.

5. Describe three behaviours of males when they approach a female in heat (name the species of relevance).

Goat: Phlement response, striking of ground with front leg, vocalisation.

6. Describe 5 signs of oestrus in the female. Tail wagging, mounting other females, swollen vulva, vocalization, increased urination.

7. Explain why the observance and reporting of post breeding behaviour is important on a farm.

If young are not cared for by their mothers then there are direct production losses.

BB

Unit Standard: 116174 NQF Level: 1

Learner Name:




8. Why should you talk to animals when handling them?

To make them aware of your presence.

9. Why are male and female animals usually kept separate? To prevent unwanted breeding.

10. What do we mean by the term “the female is on heat”?

When a female is ready to be mated by a male.

11. Why is it important to use the correct methods when handling animals?

To ensure the safety of the handlers and the animals.

12. Name two anatomical reasons why males may be unable to mount. Back injury, poor legs, low libido.

13. Describe successful mating behaviour and post mating behaviour. Correctly described

MMyy NNootteess …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Assessment Feedback Form

Comments / Remarks

Feedback to learner on assessment and / or overall recommendations and action plan for competence:

Feedback from learner to assessor:

Assessment Judgement You have been found:

Competent

Not yet competent in this unit standard

Actions to follow:

Assessor report to ETQA

Learner results and attendance certification issued

Learner’s Signature:

Date:

Assessor’s Signature:

Date:

Moderator’s Signature:

Date:

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