Reformation Divides Europe

RecallWhat is the Reformation?

How did the Catholic Church respond to the reformation?

Northern EuropeGermany was the

birthplace of Protestants (Remember, Luther was German)

From Germany Protestant ideas spread through North Europe to places like Sweden, Poland, Scotland, and Denmark

Northern EuropeHenry VIII originally supported the Catholic

Church.

Eventually he leaves and starts his own Church as we have learned. Why?

Northern EuropeGermany became divided

North: Supported Luther, Protestantism South: Supported Catholics (Included German

Emperor) War over religion from 1547-1555

Germany went from a Catholic Empire (Holy Roman Empire) to a group of regions each with different religious views.

Southern Europe Italy, Spain, and France remained strongly

Catholic.

Southern EuropeFrance

Huguenots (French Protestants) were originally allowed by French Catholic kings.

In 1534 Huguenots put up anti-Catholic posters in Paris, even on the King’s bedroom door.King responded by having hundreds arrested and

some even burned alive. In 1559 the French princess married the leader of

the Huguenots, Henry of Navarre. How would French people have reacted to this?

Southern EuropeFrance

Instead of promoting peace, the marriage outraged anti-Protestants in Paris causing a massacre.

In order to bring peace Henry converted to Catholicism before becoming king of France, ending the civil war.Proclaimed the Edict

of Nantes which allowed Hugenots to worship freely.

Southern EuropeSpain

Unlike France, did not allow Protestants Used the Inquisition to put on trial and torture

anyone suspected of not being a true Catholic Spain's king, Philip II, inherited much of

Protestant Netherlands. He tried to use Inquisition in Netherlands, but this

resulted in over 75 years of fighting, resulting in the Netherlands independence.

30 Years War1618-1648 War that started as religious war

between most European powers.

As time passed it turned into a political war.

Soldiers roamed through towns stealing and burning down buildings and farms

Peace of Westphalia ended the war, allowing people to practice their own religion even if it was different than their country’s official religion.

Impact of ReformationCatholic Church lost significant power ->

Governments gained more power Pope tried to declare the Peace of Westphalia

invalid, but it did not work.

Protestants encouraged people to read and think for themselves, and to participate in government

Religious wars changed the face of Europe