Reformation Ideas Spread: The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation HWH UNIT 1 CHAPTER...
-
Upload
gervase-lucas -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of Reformation Ideas Spread: The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation HWH UNIT 1 CHAPTER...
Reformation Ideas Spread: The English Reformation and the Catholic
Reformation
HWH UNIT 1
CHAPTER 1.4
Anabaptists
• Rejected infant baptism
• Rejected violence
• Advocated separating
church and state
• Munster, 1534-1535
“Defender of the Faith”• Defense of the Seven Sacraments– Leo X
• Devout advisors– Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1475-1530)– Thomas More (1478-1535)
Henry’s Wives…
• #1: Catherine of Aragon (m. 1509-
1533)
– Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella
– Aunt of Charles V
– Had a daughter, Mary…
• …but no son
• Annulment?
#2: Anne Boleyn (m. 1533-1536)
• Secretly married to Henry in 1533
– Already six months pregnant with Elizabeth
• The Act of Supremacy (1534)
– Established the Church of
England (Anglican Church)
• Henry was the head of the church
• All Roman Catholic lands and
monasteries were confiscated
– 25% of all land in England
• Thomas More would not convert
• Anne was executed in 1536
Anglican Doctrine Under Henry
• The Six Articles (1539)
–Maintained almost all of Catholic
doctrine
• Henry, not the pope, was the authority
• The doctrine of the Anglican Church
will be in flux until the late 17th
century
King Edward VI (r. 1547-1553)
Moved the Anglican church toward Calvinism
• Book of Common Prayer (1549—Cranmer) – Somewhat Calvinist
• Advisors were Protestant– Communicated directly with Calvin
• Changes:– Clergy could marry– Salvation by faith alone– Only baptism and communion– Iconic images removed from churches– Denied transubstantiation
Queen Mary I (r. 1553-1558)• CATHOLIC
– 1st daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon
• Married Philip II of Spain
• Executed Cranmer and other Protestants– “Bloody Mary”
The “Elizabethan Settlement”
• Two Extremes—Elizabeth took the middle road
– Catholics
– Puritans
• Undid Mary’s anti-Protestant laws
• Made Elizabeth head of the Church of England
• Cranmer’s Book of Common Prayer
• Made moderate Protestantism the official
religion
The Church of England under Elizabeth
• Two Sacraments
• Clergy could not marry
• Catholicism tolerated (in private)
• Mandatory attendance at church
• No monasteries
• Mass given in English
Rome’s Response to the Reformation• Pope Paul III (r. 1534-
1549)
• Ignatius of Loyola (1491-
1556)and the Jesuits
– Spiritual Exercises (1522-
24)
– Focus: education and
conversion
The Council of Trent (1545-1563)
• Pope Paul III (r. 1534-1549)
• Conclusions:– Reaffirmed Catholic
doctrine– Ended corruption
within the clergy• Pluralism• Absenteeism• Sale of indulgences• More education for
clergy