Readings

Introduction to Civil-Military Relations and Democracy by Larry Diamond & Marc Plattner

“Reforming Civil-Military Relations” by Sam Huntington

“How Democracies Control the Military” by Richard Kohn

Questions 1)How does a society and its government realize what SamHuntingtoncalled "objective civilian control of the military"?

2) How is military advice best incorporated into a comprehensive national security strategy?

3) How does a nation allow sufficient autonomy to its armed forces while preventing its isolation from society?

“What, Sir, is the use of a militia? It is to prevent the establishment of a standing army, the bane of liberty. Whenever governments mean to invade the rights and liberties of the people, they always attempt to destroy the militia, in order to raise an army upon their ruins.”

- Elbridge Gerry, speech delivered in the US Congress, August 17, 1789

Article I, Section 8 of The United State ConstitutionThe Power of Congress

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress

Article II, Section 2 of The United State Constitution

The Power of the President

The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices.

American Military Casualties in Major Wars

United States Armed Forces Combatant Commands

The security of the U.S., its citizens, and allies and partners;

A strong, innovative and growing U.S. economy in an open international economic system that promotes opportunity and prosperity;

Respect for universal values at home and around the world; An international order advanced by U.S. leadership that promotes peace, security, and opportunity through stronger cooperation to meet global challenges.

U.S. NATIONAL INTERESTS

U.S. NATIONAL MILITARY OBJECTIVES

• Counter Violent Extremism;

• Deter and Defeat Aggression;

• Strengthen International and Regional

Security;

• Shape the Future Force

New U.S. Defense Strategy

•Emphasis on economic renewal; •The bolstering of cyberwarfare capabilities and intelligence- gathering capabilities, special operations forces, and potentially high payoff technologies such as unmanned systems;

• And Army and Marines Corps that will no longer need to be sized to support the kind of large-scale, long-term military operations that have dominated military priorities and force generation over the past decade; and •Focus on the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions of the world.

Countries by Size of Armed Forces

US Military Bases Overseas