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Fall 2005 Revised 6/2008

READING LIST FOR DEMOGRAPHY SPECIALTY EXAM

A. Classical Demographic Transition and Its Reformations

OUTLINE: I. METHODS A. General B. Data and Methods II. GENERAL TEXTS AND INTRODUCTORY READINGS III. POPULATION THEORY A. General IV. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

B. Evidence for Transition Theories in Developed Countries 1. Historical Evidence a. Fertility b. Mortality

C. Evidence for Transition Theories in Developing Countries 1. General 2. By Region a. Latin America b. Africa c. Asia 3. Comparison of Fertility Decline in Developing and Developed Countries V. FERTILITY A. Contemporary Fertility Theories 1. Proximate Determinants 2. Economic Theories a. Household Decision Making b. Cyclical Fertility Swings 3. Sociological Theories B. Fertility and Labor Force Participation 1. Developed Countries 2. Developing Countries C. U.S. Fertility 1. Recent Fertility Patterns 2. Timing of Fertility and Consequences of Timing a. General b. Adolescent Fertility c. Delayed Fertility d. Nonmarital Fertility

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VI. MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY

A. Historical Mortality Patterns B. Mortality in Developed Countries

1. General 2. Relationships of Social Factors to Mortality and Morbidity

C. Mortality in Developing Countries 1. General 2. Relationships of Social Factors to Mortality and Morbidity D. Infant Mortality VII. MIGRATON AND URBANIZATION A. General B. Theories C. Development and Urbanization D. International Migration Issues E. Migration in LDCs 1. General 2. Specific Countries F. Migration in More Developed Countries VIII. FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION A. General B. Parental Employment and Child Care C. Occupational Sex Segregation and the Wage Gap IX. MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY A. Historical B. General C. Marriage and Cohabitation D. Divorce and Remarriage: Patterns and Consequences E. Family Formation and Living Arrangements F. Welfare/Poverty 1. Welfare/Poverty 2. Economic Theories and Critiques X. POPULATION POLICY A. Population and Development B. Gender C. Family Planning 1. General 2. Specific Countries D. Pro-Natalist Policies XI. AGING AND INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS

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I. METHODS A. General Haub, Carl. 1987. “Understanding Population Projections.” Population Bulletin, 42 (2): 1-43. Hinde, Andrew. 1998. Demographic Methods. London: Arnold. Moffit, Robert. 2005. “Remarks on the Analysis of Causal Relationships in Population Research.” Demography 42 (February): 91-108. Palmore, James A. and Robert W. Gardner. 1994. Measuring Mortality, Fertility, and Natural Increase: A Self-teaching Guide to Elementary Measures. 5th ed. Honolulu: East-West Center. Preston, Samuel H., Patrick Heuveline, and Michel Guillot. 2001. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. B. Data and Methods Hobcroft, John, Jane Menken, and Samuel Preston. 1982. “Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in Demography: A Review.” Population Index, 48 (1): 4-43. Maine, Deborah, Lynn Freedman, Farida Shaheed, and Schuyler Frautschi. 1994. “Risk, Reproduction, and Rights: The Uses of Reproductive Health Data.” Pp. 203-227 in Population and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusions edited by Robert Cassen. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Mayer, Karl Ulrich and Nancy Brandon Tuma. 1990. “Life Course Research and Event History Analysis: An Overview.” Pp. 3-20 in Event History Analysis in Life Course Research edited by Karl Ulrich Mayer and Nancy Brandon Tuma. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. II. GENERAL TEXTS AND INTROUCTROY READINGS Cassen, Robert. Ed. 1994. Population and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusions. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Livi-Bacci, Massimo. 2001. A Concise History of World Population. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Weeks, John R. 1999. Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues. 7th ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company. III. POPULATION THEORY A. General Boserup, Ester. 1984. “Technical Change and Human Fertility in Rural Areas of Developing Countries.” Pp. 23-33 in Rural Development and Human Fertility edited by Wayne A. Schutjer and C. Shannon Stokes. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

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Caldwell, John. 1982. “Chapter #4: Toward a Restatement of Demographic Transition Theory and Chapter #5: A Theory of Fertility: From High Plateau to Destabilization.” Pp. 157-179 in Theory of Fertility Decline. New York: Academic Press. Ehrlich, Paul R., Anne H. Ehrlich, and Gretchen C. Daily. 1993. “Food Security, Population and Environment.” Population and Development Review, 19 (1): 1-32. Kelly, Allen C. and William Paul McGreevey. 1994. “Population and Development in Historical Perspective.” Pp. 107-126 in Population and Development: Old Debate, New Conclusions. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Kreager, Philip. 1991. “Early Modern Population Theory: A Reassessment.” Population and Development Review, 17 (2): 207-227. Malthus, Thomas. 1798. “Chapter #1 and Chapter #2.” In An Essay on the Principle of Population. New York: Viking Press. Simon, Julian L. 1990. “Chapter #1: Introduction; Chapter #2: Resources, Population, Environment: An Oversupply of False Bad News; and “Chapter #3: Letters to the Editors of Science and Reply.” Pp. 1-61 in Population Matters: People, Resources, Environment, and Immigration. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Timmer, C. Peter, Ismail Sirageldin, John Kantner, and Samuel H. Preston. 1982. “Review Symposium on Julian Simon, The Ultimate Resource.” Population and Development Review, 8 (1): 163-177. IV. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION A. Classical Demographic Transition and Its Reformations Coale, A.J. 1975. “The Demographic Transition.” Pp. 53-72 in The Population Debate: Dimensions and Perspectives, Vol. 1 edited by the United Nations. New York: United Nations. Kirk, Dudley. 1996. “Demographic Transition Theory.” Population Studies, 50 (3): 361-387. Caldwell, John C. 1976. “Toward a Restatement of Demographic Transition Theory.” Population and Development Review, 2 (3/4): 321-366. Freedman, Ronald. 1979. “Theories of Fertility Decline: A Reappraisal.” Social Forces, 58 (1): 1-17. Van de Kaa, D. J. 1996. “Anchored Narratives: The Story and Findings of Half a Century of Research into the Determinants of Fertility.” Population Studies, 50 (3): 389-432. Mason, Karen Oppenheim. 1997. “Explaining Fertility Transitions.” Demography, 34 (4): 443-454. Lesthaeghe, Ron and Johan Surkyn. 1988. “Cultural Dynamics and Economic Theories of Fertility Change.” Population and Development Review, 14 (1): 1-45. B. Evidence for Transition Theories in Developed Countries

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1. Historical Evidence Bourgeois-Pichat, Jean. 1986. “The Unprecedented Shortage of Birth in Europe.” Population and Development Review, 12 (Supplement): 3-25. Coale, Ansley J. 1986. “The Decline of Fertility in Europe Since the Eighteenth Century as a Chapter in Demographic History.” Pp. 1-30 in The Decline of Fertility in Europe: The Revised Proceedings of a Conference on the Princeton European Fertility Project edited by Ansley J. Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Van de Walle, Francine. 1986. “Infant Mortality and the European Demographic Transition.” Pp. 201-233 in The Decline of Fertility in Europe: The Revised Proceedings of a Conference on the Princeton European Fertility Project edited by Ansley J. Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Lesthaeghe, Ron and Chris Wilson. 1986. “Modes of Production, Secularization, and the Pace of the Fertility Decline in Western Europe.” Pp. 261-292 in The Decline of Fertility in Europe: The Revised Proceedings of a Conference on the Princeton European Fertility Project edited by Ansley J. Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Knodel, John and Etienne van de Walle. 1979. “Lessons from the Past: Policy Implications of Historical Fertility Studies.” Population and Development Review, 5 (2): 217-245. (Reprinted 1985 in The Decline of Fertility in Europe: The Revised Proceedings of a Conference on the Princeton European Fertility Project edited by Ansley J. Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins. Princeton: Princeton University Press.) Lesthaeghe, Ron. 1983. “A Century of Demographic and Cultural Change in Western Europe: An Exploration of Underlying Dimensions.” Population and Development Review, 9 (3): 411-435. Lesthaeghe, R. 1995. “The Second Demographic Transition in Western Countries: An Interpretation.” Pp. 17-62 in Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries edited by Karen Oppenheim Mason and An-Magrit Jensen. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Van de Kaa, Dirk J. 1987. “Europe’s Second Demographic Transition.” Population Bulletin, 42 (1): 1-57. 2. Mortality McKeown, Thomas, R.G. Brown, and R.G. Record. 1972. “An Interpretation of the Modern Rise of Population in Europe.” Population and Development Review, 26 (3):345-382. McKeown, Thomas. 1979. “Chapter #3: Decline of Mortality; Chapter #8: Medical Achievement; and Chapter #13: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis?” Pp. 29-44; 91-113; 176-189 in The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage, or Nemesis? Princeton: Princeton University Press. Cleland, John. 2001. “The Effects of Improved Survival on Fertility: A Reassessment.” Population and Development Review, 27 (Supplement): 60-92. C. Evidence for Transition Theories in Developing Countries

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1. General Boserup, Ester. 1984. “Technical Change and Human Fertility in Rural Areas of Developing Countries.” Pp. 23-33 in Rural Development and Human Fertility edited by Wayne A. Schutjer and C. Shannon Stokes. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Cain, M. 1982. “Perspectives on Family and Fertility in Developing Countries.” Population Studies, 36 (2): 159-175. Cleland, John. 1985. “Marital Fertility Decline in Developing Countries: Theories and Evidence.” Pp. 223-252 in Reproductive Change in Developing Countries: Insights from the World Fertility Survey edited by John Cleland and John Hobcraft. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ryder, Norman B. 1986. “Reviewed Work(s): Reproductive Change in Developing Countries: Insights from the World Fertility Survey by John Cleland; John Hobcraft.” Population and Development Review, 12 (2): 341-349. Preston, Samuel H. 1986. “The Decline of Fertility in Non-European Industrialized Countries.” Population and Development Review, 12 (Supplement): 26-47. Crenshaw, Edward M., Ansari Z. Ameen, and Matthew Christenson. 1997. “Population Dynamics and Economic Development: Age-Specific Population Growth Rates and Economic Growth in Developing Countries, 1965 to 1990.” American Sociological Review, 62 (6): 974-984. 2. By Region a. South America Martine, George. 1996. “Brazil’s Fertility Decline, 1965-95: A Fresh Look at Key Findings.” Population and Development Review, 22 (1): 47-75. Palloni, Alberto and Hantamala Rafalimanana. 1999. “The Effects of Infant Mortality on Fertility Revisited: New Evidence from Latin America.” Demography, 36 (1): 41-58. Potter, Joseph E., Carl P. Schmertmann, and Suzana M. Cavenaghi. 2002. “Fertility and Development: Evidence from Brazil.” Demography, 39 (4): 739-761. b. Africa Caldwell, John C., I.O. Orubuloye, and Pat Caldwell. 1992. “Fertility Decline in Africa: A New Type of Transition?” Population and Development, 18 (2): 211-242. Fapohunda, Eleanor R. and Micheal Todaro. 1988. “Family Structure, Implicit Contracts, and the Demand for Children in Southern Nigeria.” Population and Development, 14 (4): 571-594. Watkins, Susan Cotts. 2000. “Local and Foreign Models of Reproduction in Nyanza Province, Kenya.” Population and Development Review, 26 (4): 725-759. Ezeh, Alex Chika. 1997. “Polygyny and Reproductive Behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Contextual Analysis.” Demography, 34 (3): 355-368.

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c. Asia Greenhalgh, Susan. 1988. “Fertility as Mobility: Sinic Transitions.” Population and Development Review, 14 (4): 629-674. Knodel, John, Napaporn Havanon, and Anthony Pramualratana. 1984. “Fertility Transition in Thailand: A Qualitative Analysis.” Population and Development Review, 10 (2): 297-328. Feeney, Griffith and Wang Feng. 1993. “Parity Progression and Birth Intervals in China: The Influence of Policy in Hastening Fertility Decline.” Population and Development Review, 19 (1): 61-101. Visaria, Leela and Pravin Visaria. 1995. “India’s Population in Transition.” Population Bulletin, 50 (3): 1-51. Caldwell, John C., Barkat-e-Khuda, Bruce Caldwell, Indrani Pieris, and Pat Caldwell. 1999. “The Bangladesh Fertility Decline: An Interpretation.” Population and Development Review, 25 (1): 67-84. 3. Comparisons of Fertility Decline in Developing and Developed Countries Van de Walle, Etienne and John Knodel. 1980. “Europe’s Fertility Transition: New Evidence and Lessons for Today’s Developing World.” Population Bulletin, 34 (6): 1-43. Macunovich, Diane J. 2000. “Relative Cohort Size: Source of a Unifying Theory of Global Fertility Transition?” Population and Development Review, 26 (2): 235-261. Watkins, Susan Cotts. 1987. “The Fertility Transition: Europe and the Third World Compared.” Sociological Spectrum, 2 (4): 645-673. V. FERTILITY A. Contemporary Fertility Theories 1. Proximate Determinants Bongaarts, John. 1978. “A Framework for Analyzing the Proximate Determinants of Fertility.” Population and Development Review, 4 (1): 105-132. Davis, Kingsley and Judith Blake. 1956. “Social Structure and Fertility: An Analytical Framework.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 4 (3): 211-235. Cohen, Barney and Mark R. Montgomery. 1998. “Introduction.” Pp. 1-38 in From Birth to Death: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change edited by Barney Cohen and Mark R. Montgomery. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Cleland, John. 2001. “The Effects of Improved Survival on Fertility: A Reassessment.” Population and Development Review, 27 (Supplement): 60-92. 2. Economic Theories

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a. Household Decision Making Blake, Judith. 1968. “Are Babies Consumer Durables?: A Critique of the Economic Theory of Reproductive Motivation.” Population Studies, 22 (1): 5-25. Becker, Gary S. 1960. “An Economic Analysis of Fertility.” Pp. 209-240 in Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries edited by the National Bureau of Economic Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Easterlin, Richard A. and Eileen Crimmins. 1985. “Chapter #1: The Fertility Revolution and Chapter #2: Theoretical Framework.” Pp. 3-32 in The Fertility Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Macunovich, Diane J. 1996. “A Review of Recent Developments in the Economics of Fertility.” Pp. 91-150 in Household and Family Economics edited by Paul L. Menchik. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Robinson, Warren C. 1997. “The Economic Theory of Fertility Over Three Decades.” Population Studies, 51 (1): 63-74. b. Cyclical Fertility Swings Behrman, Jere R. and Paul Taubman. 1989. “A Test of the Easterlin Fertility Model Using Income for Two Generations and a Comparison With the Becker Model.” Demography, 26 (1): 117-123. Burtz, William P. and Michael P. Ward. 1979. “The Emergence of Countercyclical U.S. Fertility.” American Economic Review, 69 (3): 318-328. Easterlin, Richard A. 1978. “What Will 1984 Be Like? Socioeconomic Implications of Recent Twists in Age Structure.” Demography, 15 (4): 397-432. 3. Sociological Theories Folbre, Nancy. 1983. “Patriarchy and Fertility Decisions.” Feminist Studies, 9 (2): 261-284. Reprinted 1998, pp. 121-138 in The Earthscan Reader in Population and Development edited by Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Mason, Karen Oppenheim and Anju Malhotra Taj. 1987. “Differences Between Women’s and Men’s Reproductive Goals in Developing Countries.” Population and Development Review, 13 (4): 611-638. DeRose, Laurie F., F. Nii-Amoo Dodoo, and Vrushali Patil. 2002. “Fertility Desires and Perceptions of Power in Reproductive Conflict in Ghana.” Gender & Society, 16 (1): 53-73. Rindfuss, Ronald R., Karin L. Brewster, and Andrew L. Kavee. 1996. “Women, Work, and Children: Behavioral and Attitudinal Change in the United States.” Population and Development Review, 22 (3): 457-482. Smith, Herbert L. 1989. “Integrating Theory and Research on the Institutional Determinants of Fertility.” Demography, 26 (2): 171-184.

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Bongaarts, John and Susan Cotts Watkins. 1996. “Social Interactions and Contemporary Fertility Transitions.” Population and Development Review, 22 (4): 639-682. B. Fertility and Labor Force Participation 1. Developed Countries Macunovich, Diane J. 1996. “Relative Income and Price of Timing: Exploring their Effects on US Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation.” Pp. 223-257 in Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald D. Lee, and Karen A. Foote. New York: The Population Council. Rosenfield, Rachel A. 1996. “Women’s Work Histories.” Pp. 199-222 in Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald D. Lee, and Karen A. Foote. New York: The Population Council. Rindfuss, Ronald R. and Karin L. Brewster. 1996. “Childbearing and Fertility.” Pp. 258-289 in Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald D. Lee, and Karen A. Foote. New York: The Population Council. Cohen, Philip N. and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 1999. “Marriage, Children, and Women’s Employment: What Do We Know?” Monthly Labor Review, 122 (12): 22-31. Vere, James P. 2008. “’Having it All’ No Longer: Fertility, Female Labor Supply, and the New Life Choices of Generation X.” Demography 44(4):821-828. 2. Developing Countries Mason, Karen Oppenheim. 1987. “The Impact of Women’s Social Position on Fertility in Developed Countries.” Sociological Forum, 2 (4): 718-745. Lloyd, Cynthia B. 1991. “The Contribution of the World Fertility Surveys to an Understanding of the Relationship Between Women’s Work and Fertility.” Studies in Family Planning, 22 (3): 144-161. Desai, Sonalde and Devaki Jain. 1994. “Maternal Employment and Changes in Family Dynamics: The Social Context of Women’s Work in Rural South India.” Population and Development Review, 20 (1): 115-136. Mason, Karen Oppenheim and V.T. Palan. 1981. “Female Employment and Fertility in Peninsular Malaysia: The Maternal Role Incompatibility Hypothesis Reconsidered.” Demography, 18 (4): 549-575. Mason, Karen Oppenheim and Anju Malhotra Taj. 1987. “Differences Between Women’s and Men’s Reproductive Goals in Developing Countries.” Population and Development Review, 13 (4): 611-638. DeRose, Laurie F. 2002. “Continuity of Women’s Work, Breastfeeding, and Fertility in Ghana in the 1980s.” Population Studies, 56 (2): 167-179.

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O’Connell, Martin. 2002. “Childbearing.” Pp. 67-94 in Continuity and Change in the American Family edited by Lynne M. Casper and Suzanne M. Bianchi. Thousand Oaks: Sage. C. U.S. Fertility 1. Recent Fertility Patterns Schoen, Robert, Young J. Kim, Constance A. Nathanson, Jason Fields, and Nan Marie Astone. 1997. “Why Do Americans Want Children?” Population and Development Review, 23 (2): 333-358. Morgan, S. Philip. 1996. “Characteristic Features of Modern American Fertility.” Pp. 19-63 in Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald D. Lee, and Karen A. Foote. New York: The Population Council. Rindfuss, Ronald R., S. Philip Morgan, and Kate Offutt. 1996. “Education and the Changing Age Pattern of American Fertility: 1963-1989.” Demography, 33 (3): 277-290. 2. Timing of Fertility and Consequences of Timing a. General Martin, Steven P. 2004. “Women’s Education and Family Timing: Outcomes and Trends

Associated with Age at Marriage and First Birth.” Pp. 79-118 in K. Neckerman Social Inequality. New York: Russell Sage.

South, Scott J. and Kim M. Lloyd. 1992. “Marriage Markets and Nonmarital Fertility in the United States.” Demography, 29 (2): 247-264. b. Adolescent Fertility Geronimus, Arline T. and Sanders Koreman. 1993. “The Socioeconomic Costs of Teenage Childbearing: Evidence and Interpretation.” Demography, 30 (2): 281-290. Hoffman, Saul D., E. Michael Foster, and Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr. 1993. “Revaluating the Costs of Teenage Childbearing: Response to Geronimus and Korenman.” Demography, 30 (2): 291-296. Hoffman, Saul D., E. Michael Foster, and Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr. 1993. “Revaluating the Costs of Teenage Childbearing.” Demography, 30 (1): 1-13. Hotz, V. Joseph, Susan Williams McElroy, and Seth G. Sanders. 1997. “The Impacts of Teenage Childbearing on the Mothers and the Consequences of Those Impacts for Government.” Pp. 55-94 in Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy edited by Rebecca A. Maynard. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press. Singh, S., and Darroch, J.E. 2000. “Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing: Levels and Trends in Developed Countries.” Family Planning Perspectives 32(1). c. Delayed Fertility

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Abma and Martinez. 2006. “Childlessness among older women in the United States: Trends and profiles.” Journal of Marriage and Family 68(4):1045-1056. Billari, Francesco C., Hans-Peter Kohler, Gunnar Andersson, Hans Lundstrom. 2007. “Approaching the Limit: Late and Very Late Fertility.” Population and Development Review 33(1):149-170. Martin, Steven P. 2000. “Diverging Fertility Among U.S. Women Who Delay Childbearing Past Age 30.” Demography, 37 (4): 523-533. d. Nonmarital Fertility Smith, Herbert L., S. Philip Morgan, and Tanya Koropeckyj-Cox. 1996. “A Decomposition of Trends in the Nonmarital Fertility Ratios of Blacks and Whites in the United States, 1960-1992.” Demography, 33 (2): 141-151. Wu, Larry. 2008. “Cohort Estimates of Nonmarital Fertility for U.S. Women.” Demography 45(1):193-207. VI. MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY A. Historical Mortality Patterns McKeown, Thomas. 1979. “Chapter #3: Decline of Mortality; Chapter #8: Medical Achievement; and Chapter #13: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis?” Pp. 29-44; 91-113; 176-189 in The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage, or Nemesis? Princeton: Princeton University Press. McKeown, Thomas, R.G. Brown, and R.G. Record. 1972. “An Interpretation of the Modern Rise of Population in Europe.” Population and Development Review, 26 (3):345-382. Kunitz, Stephen J. 1986. “Mortality Since Malthus.” Pp. 279-302 The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus edited by David Coleman and Roger Schofield. Oxford: Basic Blackwell. B. Mortality in Developed Countries 1. General Crimmins, Eileen M. 1981. “The Changing Pattern of American Mortality Decline, 1940-77, and Its Implications for the Future.” Population and Development Review, 7 (2): 229-254. Kunitz, Stephen J. 1987. “Explanations and Ideologies of Mortality Patterns.” Population and Development Review, 13 (3): 379-408. Kannisto, Vaino, Jens Lauritsen, A. Roger Thatcher, and James W. Vaupel. 1994. “Reductions in Mortality at Advanced Ages: Several Decades of Evidence from 27 Countries.” Population and Development Review, 20 (4): 793-810. Rogers, Richard G. 1992. “Living and Dying in the U.S.A.: Sociodemographic Determinants of Death Among Blacks and Whites.” Demography, 29 (2): 287-303.

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Ratzan, Scott C., Gary L. Filerman, and John W. LeSar. 2000. “Attaining Global Health: Challenges and Opportunities,” Population Bulletin, 55 (1): 1-48. 2. Relationships of Social Factors to Mortality and Morbidity Hummer, Robert A., Daniel A. Powers, Starling G. Pullum, Ginger L. Gossman, W. Parker Frisbie. 2008. “Paradox Found (Again): Infant Mortality among the Mexican-Origin Population in the United States.” Demography 44(3):441-458. Preston, Samuel H. and Paul Taubman. 1994. “Socioeconomic Differences in Adult Mortality and Health Status.” Pp. 279-318 in Demography of Aging edited by Linda G. Martin and Samuel H. Preston. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Hummer, Robert A. 1993. “Racial Differences in Infant Mortality in the U.S.: An Examination of Social and Health Determinants.” Social Forces, 72 (2): 529-554. C. Mortality in Developing Countries 1. General Mosley, W. Henry and Lincoln C. Chen. 1984. “An Analytic Framework for the Study of Child Survival in Developing Countries.” Population and Development Review, 10 (Supplement): 25-48. Bongaarts, John. 1996. “Global Trends in AIDS Mortality.” Population and Development Review, 22 (1): 21-45. Das Gupta, Monica. 1987. “Selective Discrimination Against Female Children in Rural Punjab, India.” Population and Development Review, 13 (1): 77-100. Caldwell, John C. 1986. “Routes to Low Mortality in Poor Countries.” Population and Development Review, 12 (2): 171-220. Hill, Kenneth and Anne R. Pebley. 1989. “Child Mortality in the Developing World.” Population and Development Review, 15 (4): 657-687. Coale, Ansley J. and Judith Banister. 1994. “Five Decades of Missing Females in China.” Demography, 31 (3): 459-479. Preston, Samuel H. 1996. “Population Studies of Mortality.” Population Studies, 50 (3): 525-536. Mosley, W. Henry and Peter Cowley. 1991. “The Challenges of World Health.” Population Bulletin, 46 (4): 1-39. Preston, Samuel H. 1975. “The Changing Relation Between Mortality and Level of Economic Development.” Population Studies, 29 (2): 231-248. Oeppen, Jim and James W. Vaupel. 2002. “Broken Limits to Life Expectancy.” Science, 296: 1029-1031. 2. Relationships of Social Factors to Mortality and Morbidity

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Hu, Yuanreng and Noreen Goldman. 1990. “Mortality Differentials by Marital Status: An International Comparison.” Demography, 27 (2): 233-250. Palloni, Alberto. 2006. “Childhood health and reproduction of inequalities.” Demography 43:587-616. Preston, Samuel H. 1980. “Causes and Consequences of Mortality Declines in less Developed Countries During the Twentieth Century.” Pp. 289-341 in Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries edited by Richard A. Easterlin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kunitz, Stephen J. 1986. “Mortality Since Malthus.” Pp. 279-302 The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus edited by David Coleman and Roger Schofield. Oxford: Basic Blackwell. D. Infant Mortality Cramer, James C. 1987. “Social Factors and Infant Mortality: Identifying High-Risk Groups and Proximate Causes.” Demography, 24 (3): 299-322. Eberstein, Isaac W. and Jan Reese Parker. 1984. “Racial Differences in Infant Mortality by Cause of Death: The Impact of Birth Weight and Maternal Age.” Demography, 21 (3): 309-321. Hobcroft, J.N., J.W. McDonald, and S.O. Rutein. 1985. “Demographic Determinants of Infant and Early Child Mortality: A Comparative Analysis.” Population Studies, 39 (3): 363-385. Kishor, Sunita. 1993. “’May God Give Sons to All’: Gender and Child Mortality in India.” American Sociological Review, 58 (2): 247-265. Preston, Samuel H. and Michael R. Harris. 1991. “Chapter #1: The Social and Medical Context of Child Mortality in the Late Nineteenth Century and Chapter #6: Yesterday and Today: Restatement of a Main Theme. Pp. 3-48; 208-210 in Fatal Years: Child Mortality in Late Nineteenth-Century America. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Desai, Sonalde and Soumya Alva. 1998. “Maternal Education and Child Health: Is There a Strong Causal Relationship?” Demography, 35 (1): 71-81. VII. MIGRATION AND URBANIZATION A. General Goldstein, Sidney. 1976. “Facets of Redistribution: Research Challenges and Opportunities.” Demography, 13 (4): 423-434. B. Theories Lee, Everett S. 1966. “A Theory of Migration.” Demography, 3 (1): 47-57. Massey, Douglas S., Joaquin Arango, Graeme Hugo, Ali Kouaouci, Adela Pellegrino, and J. Edward Taylor. 1993. “Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal.” Population and Development Review, 19 (3): 431-466.

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Portes, Alejandro. 1997. “Immigration Theory for a New Century: Some Problems and Opportunities.” International Migration Review, 31 (4): 799-825. (Reprinted 1997, pp. 21-33 in The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience edited by Charles Hirschman, Philip Kasinitz, and Josh DeWind. New York: Russell Sage Foundation). Todaro, Michael P. 1989. “Chapter #9: Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration: Theory and Policy.” Pp. 263-289 in Economic Development in the Third World. 4th ed. New York: Longman. C. Development and Urbanization Brockerhoff, Martin P. 2000. “An Urbanizing World.” Population Bulletin, 55 (3): 1-44. Chant, Sylvia and Sarah A. Radcliffe. 1992. “Migration and Development: The Importance of Gender.” Pp. 1-29 in Gender and Migration in Developing Countries edited by Sylvia Chant. London: Belhaven Press. Massey, Douglas S. 1988. “Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective.” Population and Development Review, 14 (3): 383-413. Rogers, Andrei and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 1982. “Migration, Urbanization, and Third World Development: An Overview.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 30 (3): 463-482. Eberstadt, Nicholas. 1994. “Demographic Shocks After Communism: Eastern Germany, 1989-93.” Population and Development Review, 20 (1): 137-152. D. International Migration Issues Martin, Philip and Jonas Widgren. 2002. “International Migration: Facing the Challenge.” Population Bulletin, 57 (1): 1-40. Martin, Philip and Elizabeth Midgley. 2006. “Immigration: Shaping and Reshaping America.” 2nd ed. Population Bulletin, 61 (4): 1-28. Castles, Stephen and Mark J. Miller. 2003. “Chapter #1: Introduction and Chapter #2: The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities.” Pp. 1-49 in The Age of Migration. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press. Jasso, Guillermina, Douglas S. Massey, Mark R. Rosenzweig, and James P. Smith. 2000. “The New Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P): Overview and New Findings About U.S. Legal Immigrants at Admission.” Demography, 37 (1): 127-138. Durand, Jorge, William Kandel, Emilio A. Parrado, and Douglas S. Massey. 1996. “International Migration and Development in Mexican Communities.” Demography, 33 (2): 249-264. Stark, Oded and J. Edward Taylor. 1989. “Relative Deprivation and International Migration.” Demography, 26 (1): 1-14. Tyree, Andrea and Katharine M. Donato. 1986. “A Demographic Overview of the International Migration of Women.” Pp. 21-41 in International Migration: The Female Experience edited by Rita James Simon and Caroline B. Brettall. Totowa: Rowman & Allanheld.

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Hugo, Graeme. 2000. “Migration and Women’s Empowerment.” Pp. 287-317 in Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press. Tietelbaum, Michael S. and Sharon Stanton Russell. 1994. “International Migration, Fertility, and Development.” Pp. 229-252 in Population and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusions edited by Robert Cassen. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. E. Migration in LDCs 1. General Castles, Stephen and Mark J. Miller. 2003. “Chapter #6: The Next Waves: The Globalization of International Migration and Chapter #7: New Migrations in the Asia-Pacific Region.” Pp. 122-177 in The Age of Migration. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press. Kols, Adrienne and Dana Lewison. 1983. “Migration, Population Growth, and Development.” Population Reports, M (7): M245-M287. Massey, Douglas S. 1988. “Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective.” Population and Development Review, 14 (3): 383-413. Preston, Samuel H. 1979. “Urban Growth in Developing Countries: A Demographic Reappraisal.” Population and Development Review, 5 (2): 195-215. Rogers, Andrei and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 1982. “Migration, Urbanization, and Third World Development: An Overview.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 30 (3): 463-482. 2. Specific Countries Brown, Lawrence A. and Andrew R. Goetz. 1987. “Development-Related Contextual Effects and Individual Attributes in Third World Migration Processes: A Venezuelan Example.” Demography, 24 (4): 497-516. Goldstein, Sidney. 1990. “Urbanization in China, 1982-87: Effects of Migration and Reclassification.” Population and Development Review, 16 (4): 673-701. Weiner, Myron. 1982. “International Migration and Development: Indians in the Persian Gulf.” Population and Development Review, 8 (1): 1-36. F. Migration in More Developed Countries Wilson, Franklin D. 1988. “Aspects of Migration in an Advanced Industrial Society.” American Sociological Review, 53 (1): 113-126. Frey, William H. 2003. “Metropolitan Magnets for International Migration.” Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Charles, Camille Zubrinsky. 2003. “The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation.” Annual Review of Sociology, 29: 167-207.

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Long, Larry, C. Jack Tucker, and William L. Urton. 1988. “Migration Distances: An International Comparison.” Demography, 25 (4): 633-640. Demeny, Paul. 2003. “Population Policy Dilemmas in Europe at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century.” Population Development and Review, 29 (1): 1-28. Iceland, John. 2004. “Beyond Black and White Metropolitan Residential Segregation in Multi-Ethnic America.” Social Science Research, 33 (2): 248-271. VIII. FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION A. General Cotter, David A., Joan M. Hermsen, and Reeve Vanneman. 2005. “Gender Inequality at Work.” Pp. 107-137 in The American People: Census 2000 edited by Reynolds Farley and John Haaga. New York and Washington, D.C.: Russell Sage Foundation and Population Reference Bureau. Bianchi, Suzanne M. and Daphne Spain. 1996. “Women, Work, and Family in America.” Population Bulletin, 51 (3): 1-46. Blau, Francine D., Marianne A. Ferber, and Anne E. Winkler. 2002. The Economics of Women, Men, and Work. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Goldin, Claudia. 1990. “Chapter #5: The Changing Economic Role of Married Women.” Pp. 119-158 in Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women. New York: Oxford University Press. Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade. 1994. “Women’s Rising Employment and the Future of the Family in Industrialized Societies.” Population and Development Review, 20 (2): 293-342. B. Parental Employment and Child Care Smolensky, Eugene and Jennifer Appleton Gootman. 2003. “The Effects of Child Care.” Pp. 99-177 in Working Families and Growing Kids: Caring for Children and Adolescents edited by Eugene Smolensky and Jennifer Appleton Gootman. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Presser, Harriet B. 1989. “Can We Make Time for Children? The Economy, Work Schedules, and Child Care: Population Association of America, 1989 Presidential Address.” Demography, 26 (4): 523-543. Presser, Harriet B. 1995. “Are the Interests of Women Inherently at Odds With the Interests of Children or Family? A Viewpoint.” Pp. 297-319 in Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries edited by Karen Oppenheim Mason and An-Magrit Jensen. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hofferth, Sandra L. 1999. “Child Care, Maternal Employment, and Public Policy.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 563: 20-38. Bianchi, Suzanne M. 2000. “Maternal Employment and Time With Children: Dramatic Change or Surprising Continuity?” Demography, 37 (4): 401-414.

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Casper, Lynne M. and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 2002. “Child Care.” Pp. 177-228 in Continuity and Change in the American Family. Thousand Oaks: Sage. C. Occupational Sex Segregation and the Wage Gap Cotter, David A., JoAnn DeFiore, Joan M. Hermsen, Brenda Marteller, and Reeve Vanneman. 1997. “All Women Benefit: The Macro-Level Effect of Occupational Integration on Gender Earnings Equality.” American Sociological Review, 62 (5): 714-734. Jacobs, Jerry A. 1989. “Long-Term Trends in Occupational Segregation by Sex.” American Journal of Sociology, 95 (1): 160-173. Anker, Richard. 1997. “Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview.” International Labor Review, 136 (3): 315-339. Charles, Maria. 1992. “Cross-National Variation in Occupational Sex Segregation.” American Sociological Review, 57 (4): 483-502. Acker, Joan. 1994. “Women, Families, and Public Policy in Sweden.” Pp. 33-50 in Women, the Family, and Policy: A Global Perspective edited by Esther Ngan-ling Chow and Catherine White Berheide. New York: State University of New York Press. IX. MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY A. Historical Hanjal, J. 1965. “European Marriage Patterns in Perspective.” Pp. 101-143 in Population in History: Essays in Historical Demography edited by David V. Glass and David E. C. Eversley. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company. Guinnane, Timothy. 1991. “Re-thinking the Western European Marriage Pattern: The Decision to Marry in Ireland at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.” Journal of Family History, 16 (1): 47-64. Coontz, Stephanie. 2004. “The World Historical Transformation of Marriage.” Journal of

Marriage and Family 66 (November): 974-979. B. General Becker, Gary S. 1991. A Treatise on the Family. Enlarged ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Bergmann, Barbara R. 1995. “Becker’s Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions.” Feminist Economics, 1 (1): 141-150. Cherlin, Andrew J. 2004. “The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage.” Journal of

Marriage and Family 66 (November): 848-861. McLanahan, Sara and Lynne Casper. 1995. “Growing Diversity and Inequality in the American Family.” Pp. 1-45 in State of the Union: America in the 1990s edited by Reynolds Farley. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

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Riley, Nancy E. 1997. “Gender, Power, and Population Change.” Population Bulletin, 52 (1): 1-48. Schwartz, Christine R. and Robert D. Mare. 2005. “Trends in Educational Assortative Marriage

from 1940 to 2003.” Demography 42 (November): 621-646. C. Marriage and Cohabitation Bumpass, Larry and Hsien-Hen Lu. 2000. “Trends in Cohabitation and Implications for

Children’s Family Contexts in the United States.” Population Studies 54: 29-41. Edin, Kathryn and Joanna Reed. 2005. “Why Don’t They Just Get Married? Barriers to Marriage

Among the Disadvantaged.” The Future of Children15 (Fall): 117-130. Furstenberg, Jr., Frank F. 1988. “Good Dads – Bad Dads: Two Faces of Fatherhood.” Pp. 193-218 in The Changing American Family and Public Policy edited by Andrew J. Cherlin. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press. Liefbroer, Aart C. and Edith Dourleijn. 2006. “Unmarried Cohabitation and Union Stability:

Testing the Role of Diffusion Using Data from 16 European Countries.” Demography 43 (May): 203-221.

Lillard, Lee A., Michael J. Brien, and Linda J. White. 1995. “Premarital Cohabitation and Subsequent Marital Dissolution: A Matter of Self-Selection?” Demography, 32 (3): 437-457. Lundberg, Shelly and Robert A. Pollack. 1996. “Bargaining and Distribution in Marriage.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10 (4): 139-158. Popenoe, David. 1996. “Chapter #6: The Essential Father.” Pp. 164-188 in Life Without Father. New York: The Free Press/Martin Kessler Books. Waite, Linda J. 1995. “Does Marriage Matter?” Demography, 32 (4): 483-507. Waite, Linda J. (Ed.), Christine Bachrach, Michelle Hindin, Elizabeth Thomson, and Arland Thornton. (Co-eds). 2000. The Ties that Bind: Perspectives on Marriage and Cohabitation. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. D. Divorce and Remarriage: Patterns and Consequences Bumpass, Larry L., James A. Sweet, and Andrew Cherlin. 1991. “The Role of Cohabitation in Declining Rates of Marriage.” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53 (4): 913-927. Cherlin, Andrew. 1978. “Remarriage as an Incomplete Institution.” American Journal of Sociology, 84 (3): 634-650. Duncan, Greg J. and Sail D. Hoffman. 1985. “A Reconsideration of the Economic Consequences of Marital Dissolution.” Demography, 22 (4): 485-497.

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Holden, Karen C. and Pamela J. Smock. 1991. “The Economic Cost of Marital Dissolution: Why Do Women Bear a Disproportionate Cost?” Annual Review of Sociology, 17: 51-78. White, Lynn K. 1990. “Determinants of Divorce: A Review of Research in the Eighties.” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52 (4): 904-912. Sayer, Liana C. and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 2000. “Women’s Economic Independence and the Probability of Divorce: A Review and Reexamination.” Journal of Family Issues, 21 (7): 906-943. E. Family Formations and Living Arrangements Bumpass, Larry L., R. Kelly Raley, and James A. Sweet. 1995. “The Changing Character of Stepfamilies: Implications of Cohabitation and Nonmarital Childbearing.” Demography, 32 (3): 425-436. Desai, Sonalde. 1992. “Children at Risk: The Role of the Family Structure in Latin America and West Africa.” Population Development and Review, 18 (4): 689-717. Garasky, Steven and Daniel R. Meyer. 1996. “Reconsidering the Increase in Father-Only Families.” Demography, 33 (3): 385-393. Guzzo, Karen Benjamin and Frank Furstenberg Jr. 2007. “Multi-partnered Fertility Among American Men.” Demography 44 (August): 583-601. Hofferth, Sandra. 2006. “Residential Father Family Type and Child Well-Being: Investment

Versus Selection. Demography. 43 (February): 53-78. Lloyd, Cynthia B. and Sonalde Desai. 1992. “Children’s Living Arrangements in Developing Countries.” Population Research and Policy Review, 11 (3): 193-216. McLanahan, Sara and Gary Sandefur. 1994. Growing Up With a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Ruggles, Steven. 2007. “The Decline of Intergenerational Coresidene in the United States, 1850-

2000.” American Sociological Review 72 (October): F. Welfare/Poverty 1. Welfare/Poverty Corcoran, Mary. 2001. “Mobility, Persistence, and the Consequences of Poverty for Children: Child and Adult Outcomes.” Pp. 127-161 in Understanding Poverty edited by Sheldon H. Danziger and Robert H. Haveman. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Edin, Kathryn and Laura Lein. 1997. “Work, Welfare, and Single Mothers’ Economic Survival Strategies.” American Sociological Review, 62 (2): 253-266. Heuveline, Patrick, and Matthew Weinshenker. 2008. “The International Child Poverty Gap: Does Demography Matter?” Demography 45(1):173-191.

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Moffitt, Robert. 2002. “From Welfare to Work: What the Evidence Shows.” Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institute. Presser, Harriet B. and Amy G. Cox. 1997. “The Work Schedules of Low-Educated American Women and Welfare Reform.” Monthly Labor Review, 120 (4): 25-34. Iceland, John. 2003. “Chapter #5: Causes of Poverty; Chapter #6: Why Poverty Remains High, Revisited; and Chapter #7: Poverty and Policy.” Pp. 70-141 Poverty in America: A Handbook. Berkley: University of California Press. (“Chapter 5: Causes of Poverty.” Pp. 70-97). Lichter, Daniel T. and Martha L. Crowley. 2002. “Poverty in America: Beyond Welfare Reform.” Population Bulletin, 57 (2): 1-36. 2. Economic Theories and Critiques Becker, Gary. 1974. “A Theory of Marriage.” Pp. 299-344 in Economics of the Family: Marriage, Children, and Human Capital edited by Theodore W. Schultz. Chicago: University of Chicago. Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade. 1988. “A Theory of Marriage Timing.” American Journal of Sociology, 94 (3): 563-591. X. POPULATION POLICY A. Population and Development Davis, Kingsley. 1971. “The Nature and Purpose of Population Policy.” Pp. 3-29 in California’s Twenty Million edited by Kingsley Davis and Frederick D. Styles. Berkley: Institute of International Studies, University of California. Demeny, Paul. 1988. “Social Science and Population Policy.” Population and Development Review, 14 (3): 451-479. Finkle, Jason L. and Barbara B. Crane. 1975. “The Politics of Bucharest: Population, Development, and the New International Economic Order.” Population and Development Review, 1 (1): 87-114. Finkle, Jason L. and Barbara B. Crane. 1985. “Ideology and Politics at Mexico City: The United States at the 1984 International Conference on Population.” Population and Development Review, 11 (1): 1-28. McIntosh, C. Alison and Jason L. Finkle. 1995. “The Cairo Conference on Population and Development: A New Paradigm?” Population and Development Review, 21 (2): 223-260. Presser, Harriet B. 1997. “Demography, Feminism, and the Science-Policy Nexus.” Population and Development Review, 23 (2): 295-331. Knodel, John and Gavin W. Jones. 1996. “Post-Cairo Population Policy: Does Promoting Girls’ Schooling Miss the Mark?” Population and Development Review, 22 (4): 683-702.

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Jeffery, Roger and Alaka M. Basu. 1996. “Schooling as Contraception?” Pp. 15-47 in Girls’ Schooling, Women’s Autonomy and Fertility Change in South Asia edited by Roger Jeffery and Alaka M. Basu. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. B. Gender Agarwal, Bina. 1994. “Gender and Command Over Property: A Critical Gap in Economic Analysis and Policy in South Asia.” World Development, 22 (10): 1455-1478. Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. 1993. “Chapter #1: Human Rights, Women’s Rights, and Reproductive Freedom: The Evolution of Ideas.” Pp. 3-27 in Population Policy and Women’s Rights: Transforming Reproductive Choice. Westport: Praeger. Sen, Gita and Srilatha Batliwala. 2000. “Empowering Women for Reproductive Rights.” Pp. 15-36 in Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press. Kishor, Sunita. 2000. “Empowerment of Women in Egypt and Links to the Survival and Health of Their Infants.” Pp. 119-156 in Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press. Hugo, Graeme. 2000. “Migration and Women’s Empowerment.” Pp. 287-317 in Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press. Barroso, Carmen and Jodi L. Jacobson. 2000. “Population Policy and Women’s Empowerment: Challenges and Opportunities.” Pp. 351-376 in Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press. Presser, Harriet B. 2001. “Comment: A Gender Perspective for Understanding Low Fertility in Post-Transnational Societies.” Population and Development Review, 27 (Supplement): 177-183. C. Family Planning 1. General Bongaarts, John, W. Parker Mauldin, and James F. Phillips. 1990. “The Demographic Impact of Family Planning Programs.” Studies in Family Planning, 21 (6): 299-310. Demeny, Paul. 1987. “The Economic Rationale of Family Programs.” Technology in Society, 9: 439-461. Donaldson, Peter J. and Amy Ong Tsui. 1990. “The International Family Planning Movement.” Population Bulletin, 45 (3): 1-45. Freedman, Ronald. 1990. “Family Planning Programs in the Third World.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 510: 33-43. Pritchett, Lant H. 1994. “Desired Fertility and the Impact of Population Policies.” Population and Development Review, 20 (1): 1-55.

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Bongaarts, John. 1994. “The Impact of Population Policies: Comment.” Population and Development Review, 20 (3): 616-620. Pritchett, Lant H. 1994. “The Impact of Population Policies: Reply.” Population and Development Review, 20 (3): 621-630. 2. Specific Countries McCann, Carole R. 1994. Birth Control Politics in the United States, 1916-1945. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Entwisle, Barbara, John B. Casterline, and Hussein A. A. Sayed. 1989. “Villages as Contexts for Contraceptive Behavior in Rural Egypt.” American Sociological Review, 54 (6): 1019-1034. Greenhalgh, Susan. 1994. “Controlling Births and Bodies in Village China.” American Ethnologist, 21 (1): 3-30. Fisher, Kate. 2000. “Uncertain Aims and Tacit Negotiation: Birth Control Practices in Britain, 1925-50.” Population and Development Review, 26 (2): 295-317. D. Pro-Natatlist Policies Myrdal, Alva. 1945. “Foreward and Preface; Chapter VII: Goals for a Population Policy; Chapter VII: Means for a Population Policy; Chapter IX: In Cash or In Kind; Chapter X: Official Programs and Legislative Acts; Chapter XXII: One Sex Social Problem.” Pp. v-xxiii; 100-174; 398-426 in Nation and Family: The Swedish Experiment in Democratic Family and Population Policy. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., LTD. Tietelbaum, Michael S. and Jay M. Winter. 1985. “Chapter #2: Demography and International Politics, 1870-1945 and Chapter #3: Demography and Internal Politics, 1870-1945.” Pp. 13-62 in The Fear of Population Decline. Orlando: Academic Press, Inc. David, Henry. 1990. “Romania Ends Compulsory Childbearing.” Population Today, March: 4, 9-10. Lee, Sharon M., Gabriel Alvarez, and J. John Palen. 1991. “Fertility Decline and Pronatalist Policy in Singapore.” International Family Planning Perspectives, 17 (2): 65-69, 73. Steinmann, Gunter. 1991. “Immigration as a Remedy for Birth Dearth: The Case of West Germany.” Pp. 337-357 in Future Demographic Trends in Europe and North America edited by Wolfgang Lutz. Orlando: Academic Press, Inc. Demeny, Paul. 2003. “Population Policy Dilemmas in Europe at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century.” Population Development and Review, 29 (1): 1-28. Chesnais, Jean-Claude. 1996. “Fertility, Family, and Social Policy in Contemporary Western Europe.” Population and Development Review, 22 (4): 729-739. XI. AGING AND INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS

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Bengtson, Vern L. 2001. "Beyond the Nuclear Family: The Increasing Importance of Multigenerational Bonds." Journal of Marriage and Family 63: 1-16. Bianchi, Suzanne M., V. Joseph Hotz, Kathleen McGarry, and Judith A. Seltzer. 2007. "Intergenerational Ties: Alternative Theories, Empirical Findings and Trends, and Remaining Challenges." In A. Booth, N. Crouter, S. Bianchi, and J. Seltzer (eds.) Caring and Exchange Within and Across Generations." Washington DC: Urban Institute Press. Bongaarts, John. 2004. "Population Aging and the Rising Cost of Public Pensions." Population and Development Review 30:1-24. Goldscheider, F. (1990) "The aging of the gender revolution: What do we know and what do we need to know?" Research on Aging 12:531-545. Kevin Kinsella & David R. Phillips (2005) "Global Aging: The Challenge of Success" PRB Bulletin 60(1) Preston, Samuel. 1984. "Children and the Elderly: Divergent Paths for America's Dependents." Demography 21(4):435-457.