Reaching the Unreached and their...

Reaching the Unreachedand their Empowerment

through

ICT and other Scalable Methods

Kannan M. MoudgalyaIIT Bombay

Induction Training ProgrammePM3NMT2, IISER Bhopal

19 June 2018Kannan Moudgalya Reaching the Unreached & their Empowerment

Outline

I Spoken Tutorial

I FOSSEE

I Affordable Laptop

Kannan Moudgalya Reaching the Unreached & their Empowerment

1. Spoken Tutorial


Motive: Employment through IT

I 50% of Indians are below 25 years

I Two thirds below 35 yearsI Pain points

I Education quality, finding goodteachers, providing jobs

I In terms of markets and opportunities,India is like a continent

I Information Technology (IT) trainingcan improve employment potential



I 50% of Indians are below 25 yearsI Two thirds below 35 years

I Pain points






I 50% of Indians are below 25 yearsI Two thirds below 35 yearsI Pain points





I Most students in India do not haveaccess to good teachers

I Solution: See if we can train themthrough self learning

I Make the content suitable for selflearning


I Content should be suitable for selflearning

I Solution: Do a novice check of scriptbefore recording


I Learning pedagogy should be effective

I Solution: Side by side learning method

I Possible only with open source software


I Learning pedagogy should be effectiveI Solution: Side by side learning method

I Possible only with open source software


I Learning pedagogy should be effectiveI Solution: Side by side learning method

I Possible only with open source softwareKannan Moudgalya Reaching the Unreached & their Empowerment

FOSS: Free and Open Source Software

I Commercial software is expensive

I Heavy penalties if unauthorisedsoftware is used by industry

I Story from ItalyI Embedded systems, HLL, WIPRO

I Our SME’s don’t use ANY software:

I commercial software is expensiveI they are not aware of open source

software

I Makes small companies uncompetitiveI There is no alternative to FOSS



I Commercial software is expensiveI Heavy penalties if unauthorised

software is used by industry




software






I Story from Italy

I Embedded systems, HLL, WIPRO



software









software









softwareI Makes small companies uncompetitiveI There is no alternative to FOSS






I Our SME’s don’t use ANY software:I commercial software is expensive

I they are not aware of open sourcesoftware







I Our SME’s don’t use ANY software:I commercial software is expensiveI they are not aware of open source

software








softwareI Makes small companies uncompetitive

I There is no alternative to FOSS







softwareI Makes small companies uncompetitiveI There is no alternative to FOSSKannan Moudgalya Reaching the Unreached & their Empowerment

Why FOSS?

I It is free of cost

I It is affordable to industry

I It allows learners to become betterprogrammers (like auto mechanics)

I It allows good learning - side-by-sidemethod is not possible otherwise

I Use proprietary software only whenabsolutely necessary


Problems with open sourcesoftware

I Good documents are missing

I Lack of support

I Wrong impression about the quality


FOSSEEFree and Open Source Software forEducation

We promote free and open source software(FOSS) in a big way


I Lack of computers

I Solution: Rs. 10,000 laptop


I Lack of computers

I Solution: Organise workshops throughcolleges


I Organising workshops

I Solution:SELF Workshops: Spoken tutorialbased Education and Learning throughfree FOSS study workshops


SELF Workshops: Spoken tutorialbased Education and Learningthrough free FOSS StudyWorkshops


Self learning, organised workshopsI 2 hour workshops

I Can be organised by a volunteer -expert is not required

I One volunteer can run differentworkshops - method is same

I Can be offered through educationalinstitutions - individual computers arenot required

I No policy decision required to use - nofinancial implication - major issue


Self learning, organised workshopsI 2 hour workshopsI Can be organised by a volunteer -

expert is not required

I One volunteer can run differentworkshops - method is same





expert is not requiredI One volunteer can run different

workshops - method is same





expert is not requiredI One volunteer can run different

workshops - method is sameI Can be offered through educational

institutions - individual computers arenot required



I Difficult to find slots outside collegehours

I Continuity of organisers: teachers getpromoted, do not get promoted, etc.

I Solution: include in Time Table!

I 37,000 college lab courses have putSpoken Tutorials in their Time Tables!

I Lab course: About 50 studentsusing a series for a whole semester


I Lack of English fluency

I Solution: Dub into all 22 languages ofIndia


Case Study: IT SkillsAssamese (dubbing) Bodo (Synaptic)Bengali (Sci) Bhojpuri (dubbing)Indian English (PHP) Gujarati (Xfig)Hindi (Linux) Kannada (Synaptic)Khasi (CS) Konkani (CS)Malayalam (Synaptic) Marathi (Sci)Mythili (CS) Nepali (LibreOffice)Oriya (dubbing) Punjabi (xfig)Rajasthani (CS) Sanskrit (LATEX)Sindhi (CS) Tamil (Ubuntu)Telugu (Sci) Urdu (Sci)


I Employment in IT industry needsEnglish

I Dub only the audio

I Dubbing requires only 5% effort

I Show dubbing in a few languages


I Lack of Internet

I Offline, shopping cart like, downloadapplication

I Reach increased by 50 times!


Topics

I C, C++, Java, PHP, Python, PERL, ...I Scilab, OpenFOAM, OpenModelica,

DWSIMI LibreOffice (6 suites)I Blender, Inkscape, GIMPI GeoGebra, Jmol, Gchempaint,

ExpEYESI Introduction to computers, gmail, ...I ...


SELF Workshops (Partial)I C, C++, JavaI Python, Perl,

RubyI PHP/MySQLI GNU/Linux

/UbuntuI BashI ScilabI eSimI OpenFOAM

I LATEX

I LibreOffice

I Writer, Calc,Impress,Math, Draw,Base

I ORCAI GeoGebra, Jmol,

GchempaintI FireFoxI Blender, GIMP,

Inkscape

Many more are in progress


Summary: Spoken Tutorial

I 10 minute long tutorial

I Created through screencast

I Capturing a live session

I With a running commentary


A massive, self-learning, silent, workshop


Assessing the efficacy of a large hands-onsilent LATEX workshop

Sohinee Ganguly, Kiran Eranki andKannan Moudgalya

IEEE 8th International Conference onTechnology for Education


A workshop in Mandalay


Current Status of Spoken Tutorials


Web Statistics

I 70 lakh page views in 2016

I 1 crore page views in 2017

I 10 minute average visit time

I 30% bounce rate


Visitors to our website


Contact Workshop Statistics

I Trained 40 lakh students in 4 years

I 37,000 college programmes have themin their Lab Time Table!


Growth of people trained

2,011 2,012 2,013 2,014 2,015 2,016

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

Number of students/teachers trained in their colleges/schools


Statewise distribution until May 17


Objective: Employment

I Many testimonials

I WIPRO, one of the largest ITcompanies in India, uses Java SpokenTutorials,

for its own training


Objective: Employment

I Many testimonials

I WIPRO, one of the largest ITcompanies in India, uses Java SpokenTutorials, for its own training


QS + Wharton School Award

I Reimagine Education Award 2015

I Co-sponsored by QS and WhartonSchool

I Came first in Nurturing Employabilitycategory

I From amongst 520 universities andcorporations from 50 countries


Google MOOCs Research Award

I $50,000 for offline work


“HT for Mumbai” AwardNomination

Mumbai has 2.3 crore people!


Feedback of 25,000 Participants

I Title: Pedagogical and Organisationalissues in the campaign for IT Literacythrough Spoken Tutorials

I Author: Kannan MoudgalyaI in The New Development of

Technology Enhanced Learning:Concept, Research and Best Practices

I Editors: Ronghuai Huang, Kinshuk,Nian-Shing Chen


Quality of Instructional Material


Quality of Infrastructure


Quality of College Organiser


Quality of IIT Bombay Mentor


Overall Quality of SELF Workshop


Usefulness of Topic Studied


Will they recommend ST to others?


How many of 25,000 find it boring?

Response Number

Extremely boring 182Boring 440Neutral 4,241Interesting 12,073Extremely Interesting 8,140


Hyderabad Java TrainingParticipants Gender Sample (N)

Male FemaleSELF Workshops(6) 148 72 220

Traditional Class 102 78 180Total 250 150 400

I Assigned as per the wish of students

I Overall performance in post tests -about equal

I Self confidence is high amongstworkshop learners, esp. women


Journal Article

I Title: Comparing the effectiveness ofself-learning Java workshops withtraditional classrooms

I Authors: Kiran Eranki and KannanMoudgalya

I Journal: Educational Technology &Society


IEEE Conference papers I

1. Assessing the efficacy of a largehands-on silent LATEX workshop

2. Program Slicing Technique : A novelapproach to improve programming skillsin novice learners

3. Evaluation of student perceptions andinterests using Spoken Tutorials inonline courses


IEEE Conference papers II4. Evaluation of Programming

Competency Using Student ErrorPatterns

5. Application of Program SlicingTechnique to Improve NoviceProgramming Competency in SpokenTutorial Workshops

6. Evaluation of Web Based BehavioralInterventions using Spoken Tutorials


IEEE Conference papers III7. A Collaborative approach to scaffold

programming efficiency using SpokenTutorials and its evaluation

8. An Integrated Approach to buildProgramming Competencies throughSpoken Tutorial Workshops

9. Application of Puzzles to unpuzzle theProgramming difficulty through SpokenTutorial workshops


IEEE Conference papers IV

10. Visual Maps for Collaborative SpokenTutorial Development


Testimonials


President’s Award to our Promoter

I am glad to inform you that I have received theprestigious NATIONAL ICT AWARD 2015 from theHonble President of India at Vigyan Bhawan NewDelhi on 5th Sept 2016 (Teachers’ Day). The awardwas bestowed due to my work in the field of ”ICT inEducation using FOSS” in association with CIET,NCERT, New Delhi and Spoken Tutorial Project,IIT Bombay.

Mr. Amit Kumar, Computer Teacher, Navodaya,Theog, Shimla


Testimonial from a Principal

More than 70 of the 88 placed students feel thatthis Spoken Tutorial training helped them to bewell-equipped for the Tata Consultancy Services(TCS) campus recruitment. So we are planning onencouraging all our students to be a part of thisproject ...

Dr. Malarkkan, Principal, Manakula VinayagaInstitute of Technology, Pondicherry


PHP from HoD of MCA Dept.Recently, I came across one company whichwanted students with sound knowledge inPHP MySQL.As our MCA syllabus does not cover PHPMySQL, I decided to train my studentsusing Spoken tutorial. More than 30students took up the course, and in a veryshort time, I could train my students.This helped place six students, by trainingthem to meet the company requirement,without incurring any cost.


PHP from HoD of MCA Dept. -Ctd.

The Spoken Tutorial courses are effectivelydesigned to train a novice user, without thesupport of a physical teacher, and havetaken care of all possible questions thatmay arise during a course.

Dr. Chitra Desai, Head, MCA, MITAurangabad


Linux from a B.Sc Graduate I

I am very glad to inform you that I got anopportunity to speak about my experiencewith IIT Bombay for working on a project(Spoken Tutorials).This exposure seemed to be one of thereason for getting selected in TCS, whichvarious engineers and other graduateswould love to. The amazing certificatesand having leadership qualities for


Linux from a B.Sc Graduate II

organizing several workshops during mycollege days brought in me the confidenceto undertake any task.I have got into TCS as a Linux developer.The first time I learned about Linux is whenI conducted as well as undertook a test onLinux which was organized by IIT Bombay.

Krishnaveni Nair, B.Sc Graduate, SIESMumbai


Generalisation of the SpokenTutorial Approach


2. FOSSEE


Problems with open sourcesoftware and solutions


I Lack of support

I Wrong impression about the quality

I Spoken Tutorial is one documentationapproach

I Will explain another approach now


Solution explained with one FOSS:Scilab


Scilab:An Open Source Alternative toMatlab

I Scilab is an excellent open sourcesoftware


Scilab

I Free and open source

I A good substitute for Matlab

I About 95% compatibility

I Xcos is a good alternative to Simulink


Scilab

I Excellent computational environment

I LINPACK, EISPACK, LAPACK

I Also, DASSL, ODEPACK, etc.


How reliable is Scilab?

I CNES: Arianne rockets

I Recent GSAT-16 Launch by Ariane

I CNES relies on Scilab for many criticalcalculations:trajectory, flight dynamics, orbit

I Talk by T Martin of CNES on Scilab


http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/indias-communication-satellite-gsat16-launched-successfully/article6669820.ece

https://www.scilab.org/index.php/en/community/scilabtec/2009

Few more examples of Scilab use

I Few more industrial applications ofScilab


https://scilab.io/use-cases-menu/

https://scilab.io/use-cases-menu/

Open source software:Main problem, a solution


I A solution: Textbook Companion


Textbook Companion (TBC)

I Students are good in coding, notdocumenting

I India has 10+ lakh engineeringstudents every year

I Ask them to write Scilab code forsolved examples of standard textbooks

I 1 book ⇒ 1 TBC

I We pay Rs. 12,000/TBC honorarium


Textbook Companions:A Scalable Method

I 600 Scilab TBC

I 500 Python TBC

I Other TBC

I eSimI OpenFOAMI OpenModelicaI R


Extent of Scilab TBC

I 1,000 college students and facultycontributed

I 600 textbooks

I 70,000 examples coded


Demo of Scilab Cloud on GARUDA

http://cloud.scilab.in/


http://cloud.scilab.in/

Extent of use

I What if studies in courses

I How to use Scilab in courses - locatethe right solved example

I Useful to 99% of 40 lakh engineeringstudents a year

I Useful to people all over the world


Code Search to Locate Syntax

I http://scilab.in/tbc solr search

I Useful for old people like me


http://scilab.in/tbc_solr_search

Building Scilab Toolboxes

I Identify open source software that haverequired functions

I Examples: Octave, OpenCV, it++,IPOPT, COIN-OR, etc.

I Call them from Scilab, using C, C++,etc.

I Proven code, run very fast


Scilab Toolboxes IEEE Paper

Shamika Mohanan, Inderpreet Arora andKannan Moudgalya, Developing ScilabToolboxes, A Multi-FOSS Approach, IEEEProceedings of Indian Control Conference,pp. 176-181, 4-6 January 2017, IITGuwahati.


Strategy

I Include activities that providerecognition

I Financial incentive, such as honoraria,are not enough


FOSSEE Summer Fellowship

I At IIT Bombay

I For students

I 6-8 week long


Dissemination Strategy

I Sent emails to 1,00,000 collegeteachers

I Sent printed poster to Heads of 20,000engineering college departments


Process


22,500 students registered


Self−learn

through

Spoken Tutorials

Students create

Chemical Processes

Upload them

to be considered for

Fellowship

DWSIM

Flowsheets of


20% increase in visitors tohttp://spoken-tutorial.org


Analytics from Alexa


Important parameters from Alexa

Bounce rate 22.20%Daily time on site per visitor 11.28 min.Daily pageviews per visitor 7.99


Sample of 100 flowsheets proposed

Penicilin, sugar, cement, dimethyl sulfideand dimethyl sulfoxide, urea, HCl, monocalcium phosphate, perchloroethylene,chloromethane, butadiene, formaldehyde,nylon resin, methyl chloride, chloroform,carbon tetra chloride, sulphuric acid, BTX,n-butanol, styrene, nitric acid, nitric acid,soda ash, ethylene dichloride, ...


Electronic Systems

through

Spoken Tutorials

Students create

Upload them


Fellowship

Self−learn

ofCircuits

eSim


Sample of 500 e-circuits proposedRelaxation oscillator, shift keyingmodulator, differential amplifier, amplitudemodulators, square wave generator, RCfiring, high input impedance precision fullwave rectifier, audio crossover network,driver circuit for laser diode, volume metercircuit using LM358, bidirectional shiftregister, carry look ahead adder,implementation of 3-bit comparator usingsubcircuit builder, ...


Flow Systems

Spoken Tutorials

Students create

Upload them


Fellowship

OpenFOAM by

Self−learn

Case Studies of


Sample of 30 CFD case studies

Draft tube at elevated head of Francisturbine, bullet with boat tail, net drag andlift forces on recreation vehicles, flowvisualisation in flame holders, missile aftbody, fluid flow in a perfume bottle, flowthrough an asymmetric plane diffuser, wingwith winglet barrier, flow analysis of wingwith winglet barrier, ...


Other topics for Fellowship 2018

I Create examples for existing Scilabtoolbox functions

I Develop new Scilab toolbox functionsI Create three steel connection designs

using OsdagI Textbook companions for

OpenModelica, R, FEMMI Create Python questionsI OpenPLC


Selected through peer assessment, etc.


Selected Fellows will Curate


What we want to do in the near term


I Identify 100 students across thecountry who will work on nichesoftware, say, eSim or OpenModelica

I Approximately, 10 colleges, with 10students each

I They can be called upon to take upnext level work


I Example: Power distribution simulation

I Entire power distribution network ofEurope has been simulated inOpenModelica

I 5 lakh equations

I We need a large number of students dothis activity in India too

I We will create niche professionals onselect topics


Long term plan (wishful thinking?)


I Can we bring down this number from95% to 50% in five years?

I Should be a national goal?


3. Efficacy studies on Laptop


Giving devices to 300 millionstudents

I Can we give a computer to everystudent?

I Need to keep the cost to absoluteminimum

I Aakash project was created for thispurpose


An affordable “old” Laptop

I Improvement over Aakash

I Complete laptop

I Price: Rs. 7,500 ($110)


Screen 10 ”RAM 1 GBNAND flash 8 GBCPU ARMSpeed 2 x 1 GHzSD card FullBattery 5,000 mAHConnectivity Wifi, bluetooth, HDMIWeight 800 gmSleek NoPrice Rs. 7,500 ($110)


SoftwareI Light weight OS, based on Ubuntu

14.04

I Julia, C, Java, Perl, Ruby, PHP, Python

I Scilab, Octave, R, Rstudio

I LibreOffice, LaTeX

I GIMP, Inkscape

I Chromium, Firefox, Thunderbird

I Offline wikipedia, spoken tutorials

I Most Linux software (sudo apt-get)


Our laptops to IITB CS101students

I Verified that it is suitable for IITBombay’s CS101 students

I Lent to 55 students in Jan. 2015semester

I Lent to 90 students in July 2016semester - studied rigorously


Results

1. Do students like the FOSSEE laptop?Yes

2. Do FOSSEE students performadequately? Yes

3. Is the overall performance comparable?Yes


Effectiveness of Low Cost FOSSEE Laptopsin a CS101 Course

Kannan Moudgalya, Kiran Eranki, SohineeGanguly and Varsha Apte

IEEE 24th International Conference onComputers in Education, 2016


Required improvements

I Need better look and feel

I Track board and keys should be better

I Graphics should be faster

I Larger RAM and storage desired


Old vs. New laptopOld Laptop Current Laptop

Screen 10” 11.6 ”

RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GB

NAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GB

CPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel Atom

Speed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHz

SD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)

Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAH

Graphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No Yes

Weight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kg

Sleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No Yes

Price |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000

Support Govt. Self supported



Screen 10” 11.6 ”RAM 1 GB 4 GBNAND flash 8 GB 32 GBCPU ARM Intel AtomSpeed 2 x 1 GHz 4 x 1.33 GHzSD card Full Micro (mobile)Battery 5,000 mAH 10,000 mAHGraphic accelerator No YesWeight 800 gm 1.2 kgSleek No YesPrice |7,500 |10,000Support Govt. Self supported


Conclusions

I Open source is a great concept

I It can work in a country like India too

I Hope to train a large number ofstudents on niche topics and makethem available to the whole world

I Will be happy to partner with likeminded people


Funding Support

Supported by

I National Mission on Education throughICT (NMEICT)

I Pandit Madan Mohan MalaviyaNational Mission on Teachers andTeaching

MHRD, Government of India


Thank you


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