RDS_SPES PROJECT (RADIATION DAMAGE STUDY FOR SPES) Aldo Zenoni, Brescia University and INFN, Pavia...

RDS_SPES PROJECT (RADIATION DAMAGE STUDY FOR SPES) Aldo Zenoni, Brescia University and INFN, Pavia CERN, February 4 th 2015 1

2 PRESENT PARTNERS OF THE RDS_SPES PROJECT 1 1)SPES Exotic Beams Production Group, LNL, Legnaro 2)L.E.N.A. Laboratory, Pavia University 3)INFN Sezione di Pavia (Department), Pavia University 4)Applied Physics Group and Laboratory of Materials Science and Technology, Brescia University 1 Project mostly supported by INFN and SPES Project at LNL, Legnaro SPES TIS Triga Mark II Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

3 LENA UniPV INFN UniBS INFN LNL Legnaro Partner locations (Northern Italy) Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

4 SUMMARY 1) Motivations for the RDS_SPES Project 2)The L.E.N.A. Laboratory at Pavia University (irradiations) 3)The Laboratory of Materials Science and Technology at Brescia University (analysis of materials/components) 4)Possible extensions of the project 5)Conclusions and prospects Cherenkov light Material scientists Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

5 Target & Ion Source complex (TIS) (a technological challenge) 40 MeV protons 200 A, 8 kW 7 238 UC x coaxial disks 1.3 mm thickness 3 graphite dump disks TIS Heater 2000C 10 13 fissions/s Ionizer & transfer tube 200 mm Thermomechanical stresses Complicated multistep-process for ion extraction 15 day irradiation 5 year cooling Highly radioactive environment Only automatic handling possible Radioactive ion effusion and diffusion HV 40 kV Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

6 Production of neutron rich isotopes by 238 U fission (a nuclear reactor environment) 15 days 10 13 fission/s 10 13 n/(s MeV) neutrons gammas Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

7 Radiation biological hazard TIS bunker at irradiation time (FLUKA) proton beam RIB horizontal plane vertical plane proton beam RIB 10 3 Sv/h z (cm) y (cm) x (cm) 1 Sv/h neutron dose 3 m ceiling 4 m walls Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

8 Material properties modifications by radiation damage Some critical TIS components (mainly polymeric materials) 1)Chamber joints (O-rings) 2)Viewport glass and joints 3)Insulators 4)Proton beam joints 5)Chamber handling guides 6)Chamber base insulators 7)Pneumatic motors 8)Electrical motors 9)AC power wire jackets 10)Optical fiber core/cladding 11) Electronic components Safe and stable operation performance must be guaranteed; no manual handling is possible Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

9 The SPES Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) front-end line Target-ion source Wien filter Emittance meter Triplet of quadrupoles Slits and Diagnostic box (BP+FC) Steerers and triplet of quadrupoles Diagnostic box (FC+BP) Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

10 Material damage by ionizing radiation and neutrons Polymeric materials a.Very sensitive to ionizing radiation > 10 3 Gy b.Covalent bonds broken (chain scission) c.New chemical bonds formed (cross linking, reticulation) d.Free radical formation e.Radiation damage affected by temperature, additives, atmospheric conditions (oxygen) f.Gas H, He formation g.Irreversible effects mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal properties affected h.Molecular weight, solubility, Youngs modulus, elongation, hardness, embrittlement, viscosity interstitials vacancies Displacement dynamics Metals and alloys a.Reasonably unaffected by ionizing radiation b.Atom displacement by neutron collisions E> 1 keV c.High neutron fluence needed > 10 16 n/cm 2 d.Creation of lattice vacancies and interstitials e.H and He gas formation, decrease in density f.Plastic properties markedly affected: yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, fatigue stress, hardness, impact strength, creep, etc. g.Damage may be recovered by annealing h.Thermal neutrons may induce transmutation Ceramics, glasses a.Mechanical properties unaffected when irradiation < 10 7 Gy and neutron fluences < 10 19 n/cm 2 b.Darkening and loss of transparency in glasses Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

11 Material damage by radiation is a long-known technological problem Space science Nuclear reactor technology Accelerator technology CERN Reports on radiation damage tests; the reference 1.Cable insulating materials; CERN 79-04 (1979) 2.Thermosetting and thermoplastic resins; CERN 79-08 (1979) 3.Materials used around high energy accelerators; CERN 82-10 (1982) 4.Selected electrical insulating materials for HP and HV applications; CERN 85-02 (1985) 5.Halogen free cable-insulating materials; CERN 89-12 (1989) 6.Radiation tests at cryogenic temperatures on organic materials for LHC; CERN 96-05 (1996) 7.Thermosetting and thermoplastic resins composite materials; CERN 98-01 (1998) 8.Adhesives; CERN 2001-06 (2001) Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

12 Typical report information CERN 82-10 (1982) (extensive and systematic work) General information on materials: thermoplastic resins Specific information: cable insulation by a supplier Irradiation sources: a)7 MW Astra reactor, Austria (10 12 -10 14 n/(s cm 2 ); 10 6 Gy/h) b)ASTRA fuel elements or 60 Co source (to avoid activation) (10 4 Gy/h) c)CERN accelerators (10-100 Gy/h) d)TAPIRO fast reactor at ENEA, Italy (10 12 n/(s cm 2 ) ) Dose limits are specific to the item tested and to the end- point criteria applied Mainly dose: 95% switched-off reactor Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

13 Rad-hard study performed on SPES front-end critical components - I Front-end MCNPX simulation Dose rate Rad dose limit from CERN reports Max operating days before failure TEFLON and VITON are excluded 15 days operation are foreseen Top view Side view Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

14 Rad-hard study performed on SPES front-end critical components - II PEEK, EPDM, KAPTON, TPE-SBR are used instead of weaker materials Open questions with existing data : a)Are irradiation conditions adopted close to reality? (Mainly dose tested) b)Are end-point criteria adapted to the item use? c)Are specific material/component included in the available data? SPES Front-end Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

15 Reasons to propose a program for rad-hard tests for SPES front-end a)Radiation hardness of materials and components is a critical item for ISOL sources in construction or foreseen (SPES, REX-ISOLDE, ALTO, SPIRAL2, iTHEMBA, EURISOL .) b)Data in the literature are somewhat abundant but often not recent c)New materials, products and suppliers are available and should be tested d)Specific materials and products utilized in the assembly should be tested in spite of generic materials e)Existing data mainly refer to gamma ray damage f)Reliable tests should reproduce as close as possible real operating conditions g)Specific mechanical, electrical, optical requirements of materials and products should be tested against radiation damage h)Complex components ad electrical motors or electronic circuits should be tested. i)Interest for a systematic campaign of rad-hard tests for ISOL sources and other applications has been expressed by a number of potential partners Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

16 The RDS_SPES Project resources (Radiation Damage Study for SPES) A.Supported by INFN, Pavia and SPES Project at LNL, Legnaro B. L.E.N.A. Triga Mark II nuclear research reactor for material and component irradiations at Pavia University C.Tests of physical and operational properties of materials and components at the Laboratory of Materials Science and Technology at Brescia University D.Know-how on simulation and transport programs MCNPX, FLUKA, GEANT4, PHITS, in UniBS, LENA, LNL Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

17 Draft research program of RDS_SPES Project a)Compilation of materials and products to be rad-hard tested with definitions of the actual mechanical, electrical, optical, operational requirements to be guaranteed b)Simulation of the radiation fields and cumulated dose expected on the critical SPES Front-end components in the foreseen operational conditions c)Irradiation campaigns at L.E.N.A. on sample materials and products. Radiation fields as close as possible to the expected ones (neutrons vs gammas). Systematics on adsorbed dose levels. d)Test of physical and operational properties of irradiated materials and components for different levels of irradiated dose e)Analysis of the relation between physical properties changes and structural modifications due to radiation damage in materials (mainly polymers) f)One or two year research program Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

18 L.E.N.A. Laboratory at Pavia University (Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata) TRIGA Mark II pool research reactor light water and H x Zr moderated 250 kW steady-state power In operation since 1965 Reactor tank: 1.98 m diameter, 6.4 m height with demineralized water Reactor core: 44.6 cm diameter 64,8 cm height 90 symmetric holes: fuel elements, control rods, neutron source, irradiation channels Graphite reflector 30 cm thickness Biological shield concrete 1 m thickness http://www.unipv-lena.it/it/

19 T.R.I.G.A. Mark II pool research reactor (Training, Research and Isotope production General Atomics) First core configuration (1965) neutron source control rods graphite elements fuel elements 20% 235 U enriched 92% H x Zr Rabbit Central thimble Thimble F water pool for large samples Thermalizing column Thermal column Reactor core biological shielding Core and in-core irradiating channels Vertical cross section Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

20 T.R.I.G.A. Mark II pool research reactor (Irradiation facilities) 27 polyethylene vials 0.8 cm diameter 3.0 cm height Central thimble (1.72x10 13 ) aluminum pipe 3.8 cm diameter neutron fluxes in n/(s cm 2 ) Radial graphite reflector 30 cm thickness Rabbit channel (7.40x10 12 ) pneumatic sample extraction Lazy Susan (2.40x10 12 ) Rotating rack for 80 samples at a time Thimble F aluminum pipe 3.8 cm diameter Thermal channel (2.52x10 11 ) 7.0 cm diameter Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

21 T.R.I.G.A. Mark II pool research reactor (Irradiation beam ports) neutron fluxes in n/(s cm 2 ) Thermal column (1.19x10 10 ) well thermalized isotropic flux Thermalizing column Various levels of thermalization Water pool biological medical applications (1.14x10 12 ) (1.12x10 11 ) (9,07x10 9 ) 20.3 cm 15.2 cm Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

22 T.R.I.G.A. Mark II pool research reactor (Irradiation fluxes) Irradiation facility Measured flux n/(s cm 2 ) Central thimble(1.72 0.17) 10 13 Rabbit channel(7.40 0.95) 10 12 Lazy Susan(2.40 0.24) 10 12 Thermal channel(2.52 0.36) 10 11 Thermal column(1.19 0.08) 10 10 (1.14x10 12 ) (1.12x10 11 ) (9.07x10 9 ) (1.1x10 9 ) Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

23 The L.E.N.A. Laboratory (Measurement design, irradiations, sample analyses) LENA building LENA staff Spectroscopy and radiochemistry Present activities: a.Studies of radioisotope production for medical and industrial applications b.Trace element search by neutron activation c. Radiation damage studies on electronic circuits and materials for space and accelerator physics d.Radiocarbon dating of archeological and historical samples and artifacts e. Forensic analyses and inquires f.Collaboration to research projects in medicine (BNCT ) and nuclear and particle physics. Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

24 Laboratory of Materials Science and Technology (LMST) at Brescia University ( Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department) Main research areas: a.Development of advanced engineering polymeric materials b. Mechanics of polymers, composites and nanocomposites c. Rheology of polymers and polymer-based systems d.Technology and engineering of plastics products Member of: a. INSTM (Italian National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology) b. ESIS (European Structural Integrity Society),Technical Committee 4 (Polymers, Adhesives and Composites) sites.google.com/site/materialssciencetechnologylab/ Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

25 LMST equipment and available facilities (Mechanical tests) Mechanical and rheological tests Universal dynamometer for mechanical testing - Instron Instrumented pendulum for impact tests - Ceast Dynamic dynamometer - Instron Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer (DMTA) - Polymer Lab Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer (DMTA) - TA Instruments Instrument for creep tests on polymers Equipment for specimen preparation - Ceast Twin-bore capillary rheometer - Ceast Rotational rheometer - TA Instruments Melt Flow Indexer - Ceast Elongational rheometer Universal dynamometer Capillary rheometer Dynamic dynamometer Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

26 LMST equipment and available facilities (physico-chemical tests and process design) Physico-chemical and morphologial analyses Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) - Mettler Toledo Modulated DSC - TA Instruments Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) - TA Instruments Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) - Jasco UV-vis Spectrophotometry - Perkin-Elmer Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) Gas Chromatography - Perkin-Elmer Standard equipment for synthesis and chemical analyses Travel optical microscope - Leica Access to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Processing machines Single-screw extruder - Fuji Brabender mixer - Brabender Injection molding machine - Arburg Compression molding machine -Collin Access to compounding machine Coperion Computer Aided Engineering software analyses Plastic injection molding design software - Moldflow (Autodesk) Multiphysics modeling and simulation software - COMSOL Multiphysics Infrared spectrometer (FTIR) Compression molding machine Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

27 Tests on mechanical and thermal properties of pre and post-irradiated polymeric samples 1.Tensile tests (mechanical: elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break) 2.Impact tests (mechanical: impact strength) 3.Bending tests (mechanical: flexural strength ) 4.DSC analysis (thermal: glass transition temperature, melting temperature, degree of crystallinity ) 5.Rheological tests (molecular weight, molecular cross-linking, etc.) 6.Infrared analysis (structural analysis) 7.SEM microscopy (structural analysis) 8.Gas chromatography (analysis of evolved gases) 9.Gel permeation chromatography (molecular weight) 10.Swelling test (cross link density) Test will be performed at LMST in Brescia Polymeric materials should not suffer activation Calorimeter DSC Impact pendulum Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

28 Possible extensions of the RDS_SPES Project (Partners) Possible partners who expressed interest in the project: Potential partnersfirst meeting ESS (European Spallation Source), Lund, Sweden Lund, 10-12-2014 ALTO, IPN Orsay, France (radioactive beam production) LNL, Legnaro, 15-12-2014 CERN, Sources, Targets & Interactions Group, Geneva (Switzerland) CERN, Geneva, 4-2-2015 iTHEMBA Labs, Western Cape, South Africa (radioactive beam production) To be fixed The effort could be better aimed and qualified if a larger Collaboration among interested partners will be established, sharing experience, know how and resources ALTO iTHEMBA Labs Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

29 Possible extensions of the RDS_SPES Project (Metals and alloys, Ceramics, electronic circuits) Three main questions for inorganic materials: 1)High irradiation neutron fluences needed to test damage in metals and ceramics; are TRIGA fluxes adequate to needs? 2)A metallurgy test laboratory is needed to perform pre and post irradiation tests on metallic samples 3)Metals may be activated by neutron irradiation, transmutation effects 4)Just an observation: a lot of interest, but lack of background and expertise in the present collaboration Electronic circuits and components: No particular problems; integrated electronics is very sensitive to radiation damage Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

30 Possible answers to questions concerning investigation on inorganic materials: 1), 2) 1)Are TRIGA fluxes adequate to needs? a)This has to be verified. Possibly a factor 10 lower than the highest reactor fluxes b)Consider also that radiation damage and damage evolution can be predicted by computational models to a certain extent. c)Reliable radiation damage correlation requires integration of theoretical, computational end experimental tools. 2)A metallurgical laboratory is needed to perform the tests a)The Group of Metallurgy of the Brescia University is interested in a possible collaboration; pre e post irradiation mechanical test on (non activated) metallic samples may be performed in Brescia b)The same interest has been manifested by the Groups of Metallurgy and Machine Design of the Padua University Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

31 The Laboratory of Metallurgy at the Brescia University diecasting plant Vickers microindenter optical microscopy strain machine Tests at the Brescia Metallurgy Laboratory http://dimgruppi.ing.unibs.it/metallurgia/ 1.All metal plastic properties can be tested: yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation to fracture, fatigue stress, hardness, impact strength, creep, ductility, brittleness, etc. 2. Microindentation and nanoindentation testing equipments are available for non destructive tests Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

32 The Laboratories of Metallurgy and Machine Design at the Padua University Metallurgy studies performed 1.Neutron damage on microstructure: 2.Tests on mechanical properties: hardness, tensile strength, fatigue, etc 3.Steels and alloys for nuclear reactor use: valve bodies, cooling systems, canisters 4.Optical, SEM, TEM microscopy 5.Hardness measurement instrumentation 6.X ray diffractrometer 7.Corrosion laboratory 8.High temperature fatigue tests Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

33 Possible answers to questions concerning investigation on inorganic materials: 3) 3)Metals may be activated by neutron irradiation a)If metallic samples are activated by neutron irradiation, some testing equipment may be installed in the mechanical workshop inside the LENA building b)If needed and justified, automated hot cells may be installed too c) Rad-waste creation and disposal must be carefully evaluated d)A list of possible hot analysis may be considered and studied on a case by case basis LENA mechanical workshop Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

34 Conclusions and prospects 1)We are convinced that the RDS_SPES Project on radiation damage may be a timely and useful initiative for many European (and worldwide) facilities presently in construction in the field of nuclear physics and applications 2)The atouts of the Project are the availability of the LENA Laboratory for irradiations and Materials Science Laboratories to perform pre and post irradiation tests on materials and components 3)Possible collaborations and sharing of experience, knowhow and resources could be strategic to aim the project effort at best. 4) ESS Lund and ALTO Orsay have already expressed their interest in joining the collaboration 5)In next weeks we will start the first campaign of radiation damage study on vacuum O-rings Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

35 SPARE SLIDES Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

36 namecomposition EPDMEtylene-Propylene Diene Monomerrubber PEEKPolyether ether ketoneorganic thermoplastic polymer PMMApolymethilacrilatePlexiglass, lucite SBRStyrene-butadienerubber TPEThermoplastic elastomerrubber VITONFluoropolymer elastomerrubber TEFLONPolitetrafluoretene KAPTONpoly-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide FPEFluorinate ethylene propylene Materials employed for the simulations Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

37 Materials employed for the simulations Aldo Zenoni, CERN, 2015-02-04

RDS_SPES PROJECT (RADIATION DAMAGE STUDY FOR SPES) Aldo Zenoni, Brescia University and INFN, Pavia...

Documents

Transcript of RDS_SPES PROJECT (RADIATION DAMAGE STUDY FOR SPES) Aldo Zenoni, Brescia University and INFN, Pavia...