Ratification of the Ratification of the ConstitutionConstitution

Chapter 5, section 3Chapter 5, section 3

Federalists and Federalists and AntifederalistsAntifederalists

Delegates spent four months Delegates spent four months drafting the Constitutiondrafting the Constitution

When the draft was printed in When the draft was printed in newspapers, people were newspapers, people were shocked, having expected only a shocked, having expected only a change to the A’s of Cchange to the A’s of C

Supporters and opponents battle Supporters and opponents battle over controversies which threaten over controversies which threaten to tear apart the countryto tear apart the country

ControversiesControversies

Each state had to hold a Each state had to hold a convention for ratificationconvention for ratification

Ratification required the Ratification required the approval of nine statesapproval of nine states

The system bypassed the state The system bypassed the state legislatureslegislatures

Supporters were known as Supporters were known as FederalistsFederalistsOpponents were known as Opponents were known as AntifederalistsAntifederalistsFederalists insisted that division of Federalists insisted that division of powers and the system of checks and powers and the system of checks and balances would protect Americansbalances would protect AmericansAntifederalists countered with a long Antifederalists countered with a long list of possible abuses of powerlist of possible abuses of powerArguments centered on the lack of Arguments centered on the lack of protection of human rightsprotection of human rights

Opposing ForcesOpposing Forces

Federalist leaders included Federalist leaders included Washington, Madison, and HamiltonWashington, Madison, and HamiltonAntifederalist leaders included Antifederalist leaders included Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and Richard Henry Lee Richard Henry Lee The FederalistThe Federalist was a series of essays was a series of essays defending the Constitution, appeared defending the Constitution, appeared under the pseudonymunder the pseudonym PubliusPublius, but , but written by Hamilton, Madison, and written by Hamilton, Madison, and John JayJohn JayThe Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights

The U.S. Constitution contained no The U.S. Constitution contained no guarantee that the government guarantee that the government would protect the rights of the would protect the rights of the people or statespeople or states

Antifederalists argued that the Antifederalists argued that the Constitution needed a national bill Constitution needed a national bill of rightsof rights

The Federalists concede and promise The Federalists concede and promise the addition of a Bill of Rightsthe addition of a Bill of Rights

RatificationRatification

Delaware was first in December of Delaware was first in December of 17871787

New Hampshire becomes the New Hampshire becomes the ninth in June of 1788ninth in June of 1788

Virginia and New York had not Virginia and New York had not voted, and would be necessary for voted, and would be necessary for the new country to workthe new country to work

Used the Federalist in N.Y. to Used the Federalist in N.Y. to persuade public opinionpersuade public opinion

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

In September 1789, Congress In September 1789, Congress submitted 12 amendments to the submitted 12 amendments to the state legislatures for ratificationstate legislatures for ratification

10 were ratified10 were ratified

1-8 list specific rights, 9-10 1-8 list specific rights, 9-10 imposed general limits on powerimposed general limits on power

Native Americans and Slaves Native Americans and Slaves were excludedwere excluded

Test QuestionsTest Questions

Why did the Articles of Confederation Why did the Articles of Confederation create such a weak national create such a weak national government?government?

A. the failure of strong A. the failure of strong governments in Europegovernments in Europe

B. Washington’s belief it was B. Washington’s belief it was best for the peoplebest for the people

C. experience with England’s C. experience with England’s strong national governmentstrong national government

D. the belief the 2nd Continental D. the belief the 2nd Continental Congress was too powerfulCongress was too powerful

The purpose of most of the first ten The purpose of most of the first ten amendments to the Constitution is toamendments to the Constitution is toA. outline the powers given to each of A. outline the powers given to each of the three branches of government.the three branches of government.B. state how much power the states B. state how much power the states keep under the Constitution.keep under the Constitution.C. put on paper the primary goals for C. put on paper the primary goals for creating a new government.creating a new government.D. prevent the national government’s D. prevent the national government’s abusing citizens’ rights.abusing citizens’ rights.

Whose proposal brought about Whose proposal brought about the Great Compromise?the Great Compromise?

A. John JayA. John Jay

B. James MadisonB. James Madison

C. Thomas JeffersonC. Thomas Jefferson

D. Roger ShermanD. Roger Sherman

An example of a An example of a CONCURRENT CONCURRENT power is topower is to

A. coin money.A. coin money.

B. declare war.B. declare war.

C. tax.C. tax.

D. conduct foreign relations.D. conduct foreign relations.

Unit IIUnit II

The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence MOST MOST likely reflects the thinking likely reflects the thinking ofof

A. Sir Isaac NewtonA. Sir Isaac Newton

B. King George IIIB. King George III

C. John LockeC. John Locke

D. George WashingtonD. George Washington

Unit I

If were attempting to organize a If were attempting to organize a joint-stock joint-stock company company in England, which statement in England, which statement would attract investors?would attract investors?

A. “If we form a company, we will be A. “If we form a company, we will be able to build enough ships to control the able to build enough ships to control the seas.”seas.”

B. “Forming this company will be a way B. “Forming this company will be a way of guaranteeing religious freedom for all.”of guaranteeing religious freedom for all.”

C. “Together we will be able to share C. “Together we will be able to share the expenses and rewards of founding a the expenses and rewards of founding a colony.”colony.”

D. “If we work together, we can D. “If we work together, we can increase trading opportunities with Asian increase trading opportunities with Asian nations.”nations.”