Rani Channamma University, Belgavi: Geol Syllabus-1&2 (Draft)

8/8/2019 Rani Channamma University, Belgavi: Geol Syllabus-1&2 (Draft)

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BELGAVI UNIVERSITY, BHOOTRAMANHATTI, BELGAVI

SYLLABI FOR B.SC.I & II SEMESTER GEOLOGY (OPTIONAL)

(w.e.f. 2010-11).

S.

No.

Paper Code Title of the Paper Marks Exam

Time

Inst.

Hrs/

weekTheory/

Practical

Interna

l

Total

B.Sc Semester I

1. UG-GEOL- I A. Dynamic Geology Part I and

B. Crystallography

80 20* 100 3 hrs 5

2. UG-GEOL-PR-I Practical I : Study of

Toposheets, use of Brunton,

Clinometer & GPS;

Geomorphological models; and

Crystallogrpahy

40 10** 50 4 hrs 4

B.Sc Semester II

3. UG-GEOL-II A. Dynamic Geology Part II,

and

B. B. Mineralogy & Optical

Mineralogy

80 20* 100 3 hrs 5

4. UG-GEOL-PR-II Practical II : Mineralogy &

Optical Mineralogy

40 10** 50 4 hrs 4

* Theory Internal 20 marks covers: Two theory tests (20 marks reduced to 10 marks);**One Practical internal test (20 marks reduced to 10 marks).

a) Student batch: As this is a semi technical and at present available only at GSS

College, each batch should consist of not more than 6 students for the regular classes

and practical (for the sake of workload distribution).

b) Field Trip: There will be a Geological Study Tour to the places of geological interest

mainly to study the field occurrence of geological features. It carries 5 marks.

c) Practical Record: Submission of a well-maintained Journal of the Practical Work

done during the year is necessary before the Practical Examination. Assignments/

Student Projects: The students will be given assignments or student project, which

are to be submitted during the practical examination. This carries 10 marks.


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Nature of Theory and Practical Examination

a) Theory Examination: (Total 100 Marks)

There will be one theory paper of 80 marks in each semester. viz. Paper I for Semester

I and Paper II for Semester II.

Each paper will contain Three Sections, which are to be written in the same

answer book.

Section A: Definitions/two sentence answers Any 10 out of 12 (2x10 = 20)

Section B: Short answers (about 5-10 lines Any 6 out of 8 (5 x 6 = 30)

Section C: Descriptive answers (about 20-25 lines) 3 questions with OR in each

(3x10=30)

The remaining 20 marks in the theory is: Internal Assessment Marks

Theory (10 marks): Two internal tests of 20 marks each reduced to 10 marks.

Internal Assignment/Seminars/Student project work (10 marks): Students are given

assignments/seminars on the subject taught or a student project work.

b) Practical Examination: Total 50 Marks.

Practical examination will have 3 sections of 10 marks each. (3x10=30 marks)

Practical Record (Journal), Study tour report and Viva Voce: (10 marks).

Practical Internal test: One internal test of 20 marks reduced to 10. (10 Marks)

Following combinations of subjects can be best suitable for GEOLOGY, under any

three options. (PMG), CBG, CGComp, MGComp,GGComp,CGStat

A B C D E F

Physics Chemistry Maths Botany Geology Computer

ScienceMicrobiology Electronics Biotechnology Statistics Zoology

Geography

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B.Sc (GEOLOGY OPTIONAL) SEMESTER I

UG GEOL-I

Dynamic Geology - Part I; and

Crystallography

Max. Marks: 80

Total teaching hours: 75

5 hrs/week

A. Dynamic Geology - Part I

Unit I 5 hrs

Introduction: Definition of Geology, Branches of Geology, Role of Geology in the

development of mankind.

Solar System. Origin of Earth: Nebular Planetesimal Tidal hypothesis and Big Bang

theory.

The age of the earth Relative age: Sedimentation, Salinity of sea water,

paleontological records. Absolute age: Radio Activity, half life period, Uranium-lead,

Rubidium- Strontium, and C-14methods.

Interior of Earth: Seismic waves: P S waves description, their application to

understand the interior of earth, discontinuity definition Mohorovicic and Gutenberg

discontinuities. General description of Crust, Mantle and Core of the earth.

Unit II

Geological processes Geological agencies: atmospheric- heat, gases, moisture, surface

& subsurface water, sea water, wind and ice. Classification: Exogenic & Endogenic

processes. 1 hr

Weathering: Definition, Agents of weathering- Physical, Chemical & Biological

weathering.

Types of weathering: Physical weathering- Thermal weathering- spheroidal weathering,

exfoliation; frost action; mechanical weathering- action of waves, action of wind and

action of water.

Chemical weathering: Water as a chemical agent. Oxidation, hydration and carbonation.

Biological weathering: Action of plants, animals and man.

Products of weathering- soil, talus and scree deposit. 5 hrs

Wind Geological action of wind- Erosion, transportation and deposition.

Erosion and Erosional features- deflation, winnowing action of wind, abrasion, attrition,

ventifact, honeycomb structure, pigeonhole structure, pedestal rocks.

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Deposition and depositional features: sand dunes- longitudinal and transeverse dunes;

barachans, loess deposit. 3 hrs

River- Origin of River. Drainage patterns: dendritic, trellis, rectangular, radial, braided.

Stages of River Initial stage; Youth stage -water fall, cascade, and river capture; Mature

stage- meandering & oxbow lake; and Old stage, base level of erosion, delta, and fijord.

Geological action of River- erosion: hydraulic action, attrition, abrasion, corrosion;

transportation and deposition.

Erosional features: valley, gorge, pot hole.

Transportation: solution, suspension, Saltation and rolling.

Depositional features- Natural levee, flood plain, shoals, alluvial fan.

Rejuvenation of river.

Unit III

Glaciers Definition, snow line, Snow field, Neve/Fern.

Formation of glacier, Avalanche. Types of glaciers valley glacier, Ice sheet, Piedmont

glacier; movement of glaciers.

Surface features: Creavasses, types of creavasses bergshrund, longitudinal, transeverse

& marginal.

Geological action of glacier: erosion abrasion, excavation/valley plucking, frost

wedging and scraping; Erosional features- cirque, arte, horns, U-valley, hanging valley,

rochesmoutonnee.

Transportation process.

Deposition depositional features: moraines- lateral, medial, terminal/end, ground

moraines, tillite, erratic.

Glacialfluvial deposits- Outwash plain, kames, drumlins, eskers.

Lake Brief description on Origin of lake: tectonic- volcanic crater, rifting.

non tectonic- meteorite impact, oxbow lake, kettle, doline, sink hole;

manmade- ponds, reservoirs.

Types of lakes: Saline, freshwater

Bog deposits.

Sea waves, tides and currents

Sea as a geological agent.

Definition of coast, shoreline. Classification of shore lines: emergent and submergent;

Coastal land forms: beach, island, spit, barrier beach, tombolo and headland.

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Oceanic deposits: Marine sediment, manganese nodules, phosphate nodules, Carbonate

deposits- shells, oozes.

Causes, effects and evidences of Sea level Changes.

B. Crystallography

Unit IV

Definition of crystal morphological characters of crystal face form edge- solid

angles, Eulers law.

Interfacial angle, Contact Goniameter and its use.

Symmetry characters crystallographic axes crystal notation parameter system of

Weiss and Miller indices axial ratio laws of crystallography.

Study of crystal forms of normal classes of all six crystal systems.

Unit V 20 Marks

Two internal test examinations (10 marks); and

One independent home assignment and one seminar presentation related to the above

topics OR a student project.

Max. Marks: 50 Time: 4 hrs/week Total 50 hrs

PRACTICALS I: Interpretation of Toposheet, Use of Brunton compass and GPS;

Geomorphological Models; and Crystallography

Topographical maps; latitude -longitude concepts, Survey of India (SOI) map index,

Contours, Scales, major conventional signs and symbols, physical and socio-cultural

features. Taking bearings with the help of Brunton Compass, Clinometer to find out dip

and strike of the beds (attitude of beds). Taking bearing with Global Positioning System

(GPS).

Describe the following Geomorphological models with neat sketch and labeling: Stages

of River (Youth, Mature & Old stage), River Piracy, Drainage patterns (Radial, Annular,

Trellis, Rectangular, Dendritic, Meandering & braided) Coastal landforms- beach, island,

headland, barrier, tombolo, and bay. Typical Volcano & associated features, Karst

Topography, Glacier landforms.

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Crystallography: Forms of a crystal: face, edge, solid angle, Eulers law, Interfacial

angle with the help of contact goniometer. Crystal symmetry: planes, axes and center of

symmetry. Crystallographic axes and axial angles, parameters, indices. Study of elements

of symmetry of crystal models of normal classes of six crystal systems: Isometric/Cubic,

Tetragonal, Orthorhombic, Hexagonal, Monoclinic, Triclinic systems.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

Principles of Physical Geology A. Holmes

Geomorphology V.K. Sharma

Aspects of tectonics K.S. Valdiya

Environmental Geology K.S. Valdiya

General Geology Radhakrishanan. V

A text book of Geology Mahapatra, G.B

Text book of Geology P.K.Mukherjee

Text book of Geology A.K.Datta

Engineering Geology Parbin Singh

Rutley's Elements of Mineralogy H.H. Read

Dana's Text book of Mineralogy W.E. Ford

Mineralogy Berry & Mason

Mineralogy for students M.I. Batty

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B.Sc II SEMESTER

UG GEOL II

A. Dynamic Geology Part II ; and

Mineralogy and Optical Mineralogy

Max. Marks: 80

5hrs/week Total hrs: 75 hrs.

Dynamic Geology Part II

Unit I

Volcanoe: Definition Typical volcano. Classification of Volcano: effusive, explosive

and extrusive, active, dormant & extinct.

Types of volcano: cinder cone, composite or strato volcano, shield and lava domes.

Types of eruptions: fissure, Hawaian, Strombolian, vesuvian, pelean

Products of volcano: Solid- cinder, lapilli, vocanic bombs, aa, ropy lava, ash; Liquids-

lava; and Gases.

Earthquakes: Definition Focus and Epicenter. Causes- non tectonic & tectonic:

Elastic Rebound Theory; and effects of earth quake. Classification based on depth of

epicenter; Intensity: Rossiferal & Richtor scale; seismic waves: Body (P & S) and Surface

waves (Love & Rayleigh); Seismograph and Seismogram; Prediction of Earthquakes;

Tsunami; Seismic belt of India.

Unit II

Continental Drift and Plate Tectoncis: Principle of isostasy, concept of Pangea,

Laurasia and Gondwana. Wegeners continental drift theory with jigsaw fit, mineral and

fossil evidences.

Sea floor spreading and plate tectonics- kinds of plate margins- convergent, divergent and

subduction.

Mountains: Definition, Origin and types of mountains, Geosynclines, plateaus, plains,

mesa, butte.

Unit III

Environmental geology: Definition of ecology and environmental Geology. Hazards:

Definition, Types of hazards- natural (volcano, earthquake, tsunami, landslide, cyclone &

flood) and manmade hazards (soil erosion, coastal erosion, water and air pollution),

hazard management hazard zoning maps, risk assessment.

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B. Mineralogy and Optical Mineralogy

Unit I

Mineralogy- definition, man and minerals. Rock forming minerals.

Study of Physical Properties of minerals: Properties depending upon light- color, streak,

diaphaneity, luster.

Properties depending upon state of aggregation- form- columnar, lamellar and granular.

Imitative shapes- botryoidal, amygdaloidal, vesicular & stalactitic. Isomorphism,

polymorphism, pseudomorphism.

Properties depending upon cohesion and elasticity - Cleavage, Fracture, Hardness and

Tenacity; and other properties of minerals acid test, taste, luminescence, feel,

magnetism.

Mohos scale of hardness. Specific gravity- definition, Walker steelyard balance.

General study of general characters and uses of following group of minerals:

Quartz group

Felspar and felspathoid Group

Mica group

Pyroxene group

Amphibole group

Garnet group

Unit II

Nature of light Electromagnetic wave. Ordinary and polarized light Reflection.

Refraction and Refractive index, Critical angle and Total internal reflection. Double

refraction.

Petrological microscope: Introduction to parts of Microscope.

Construction of Nicol Prism Behavior of light in the microscope without mineral, with

isotropic mineral and with anisotropic mineral.

Polarisation: polarization by reflection, Brewsters law - polarization by Refraction,

polarization by absorption.

Unit III

Mineral optical properties: in plane polarised light- Colour, Pleochroism Form,

Cleavage, Fracture, Relief. Properties in analysed/ crossed nicols- Isotropism and

Anisotropism, Extinction, Birefringence and Interference Colours, Zoning and Twinning.

Extinction- Definition, types of extinction, Determination of extinction angle.

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Optical accessories Quartz wedge (Determination of order of Interference Colour),

Gypsum plate and Mica plate (Determination of Fast and Slow vibration directions).

Unit IV 20 Marks

Two internal test examinations and one practical internal examination. One independent

assignment and one seminar presentation related to the above topics OR a student project.

Max. Marks: 50 Time: 4 hrs/week Total 50 hrs

PRACTICALS II: MINERALOGY & OPTICAL MINRALOGY

Megascopic study of following minerals: Quartz, Rock Crystal, Amethyst, Chalcedony,

Agate, Flint, Jasper, Chert, Opal. Orthoclase, Microcline, Plagioclase; Muscovite, Biotite,

Hornblende, Asbestos; Hypersthene; Olivine; Garnet; Calcite, Dolomite, Magnesite;

Kyanite, Corundum, Beryl, Tourmaline, Talc, Serpentine; and Zeolites- Natrolite, Stilbite.

Estimation of specific gravity by Walker Steel Yard balance.

Optical Mineralogy: Optical properties (under plane polarized and analysed light) of

following minerals- Quartz, Feldspar Orthoclase, Microcline, Plagioclase; Feldspathoid

Leucite and Nephelene; Olivine, Pyroxene Hypersthene, Augite; Amphibole

Hornblende; Mica Muscovite, Biotite; Alumino Silicates Kyanite; Carbonates

Calcite; Garnet; Zircon.

Determination of Extinction and Cleavage angle under microscope.

BOOKS RECOMMENDEDRutley's Elements of Mineralogy H.H. Read

Dana's Text book of Mineralogy W.E. Ford

Mineralogy Berry & Mason

Mineralogy for students M.I. Batty

Optical Mineralogy E.E. Wahlstrom

Optical Mineralogy F.F. Kerr

Elements of Optical Mineralogy A.N. Winchell

Engineering Geology Parbin Singh

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Rani Channamma University, Belgavi: Geol Syllabus-1&2 (Draft)

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