Rail gate controller ppt
-
Upload
sajal-das -
Category
Technology
-
view
33.367 -
download
0
Transcript of Rail gate controller ppt
PROGRESS SEMINAR ON
AUTOMATIC RAIL GATE CONTROL
PRESENTED BY:
SAJAL DAS (94026)
MITUL THAKURIA (94027)
ABHIJIT BARUAH (104132)
A.VILASH REDDY (94050)
Guided by
M. BABITA DEVI:
PLAN OF TALK:
INTRODUCTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
WORKING PRINCIPLE
EXPLANATION OF
IC AT89C2051
• IC 74LS245
• STEPPER MOTOR
• RELAY
• INFRARED
ALGORITHM
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION:
An automatic railway gate control at unmanned level
crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers
and also the semi automatically operated gates. It deals
with two things.
Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the
gate is being kept closed.
And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by
reducing the accidents that usually occur due to
carelessness of road users and at times errors made by
the gatekeepers.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
AT89C2051 MICROCONTROLLER:
The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).
The Device is manufactured using high-density non-volatile memory technologyand is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set.
By combining a Versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the AT89C2051 is a powerful Microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many Embedded control applications.
FEATURES:
Compatible with MCS-51™ Products
2K Bytes of Reprogrammable Flash Memory
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
2.7V to 6V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Two-level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
15 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial UART Channel
Direct LED Drive Outputs
On-chip Analog Comparator
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
PIN diagram of AT89C2051
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
74LS245
The SN54/74LS245 is an Octal Bus
Transmitter/Receiver designed for8-line asynchronous
2-way data communication between data buses.
Direction Input (DR) controls transmission of Data
from bus A to bus B or bus B to bus a depending upon
its logic level. The Enable input (E) can be used to
isolate the buses.
Hysteresis Inputs to Improve Noise Immunity
2-Way Asynchronous Data Bus Communication
Input Diodes Limit High-Speed Termination
Effects
ESD > 3500 Volts
LOGIC DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE:
RELAYS:
•A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Many relays use an electromagnet to
operate a switching mechanism, but other
operating principles are also used.
•Relays find applications where it is
necessary to control a circuit by a low-power
signal, or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal.
WORKING:
USES OF RELAYS:
•Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of
modems or audio amplifiers,
•Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter
solenoid of an automobile,
•Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and
closing circuit breakers (protection relays),
IR TRANSMITTER:
IR RECEIVER:
STEPPER MOTOR:
• A stepper motor (or step motor) is a
brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide
a full rotation into a large number of steps.
• The motor's position can be controlled precisely
without any feedback mechanism, as long as the
motor is carefully sized to the application.
.
CHARACTERISTICS:
•Stepper motors are constant power devices.
•As motor speed increases, torque decreases.
•Steppers exhibit more vibration than other motor types, as the
discrete step tends to snap the rotor from one position to another.
•This vibration can become very bad at some speeds and can cause
the motor to lose torque (or lose direction).
ALGORITHM:
STEP 1: Start.
STEP 2: Set the variables.
STEP 3: Make initial settings of the signals for the train and road
users.
STEP 4: Check for the arrival of the train in either direction by the
sensors. If the train is sensed go to STEP 5. Otherwise repeat
STEP 4.
STEP 5: Make the warning signal for the road users and set the
signal for the train.
STEP 6: Check for the presence of the obstacle using sensors. If
there is no obstacle go to STEP 7. Otherwise repeat STEP 6.
STEP 7: Close the gate and stop the buzzer warning.
STEP 8: Change the signal for the train.
STEP 9: Check for the train departure by the sensors. If the train
sensed go
to next STEP. Otherwise repeat STEP 9.
STEP 10: Open the gate. STEP 11: Go to STEP 3.
STEP 12: Stop.
FLOWCHART
The project is an approach to provide the security to our
INDIAN RAILWAY transportation. This electronics project
is developed for the reduction of human effort. This
electronic project is an approach to the modern
transportation system.
CONCLUSION:
REFERENCE:
•http://www.seminarprojects.com/search.php
•WWW.SKITRONICS.COM
•WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
•WWW.GOOGLE.COM