Radar Sonar Ece 7th Sem

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

TABLE OF CONTENTS:-

S. NO.TOPICPAGE No.

1. OBSERVATIONS OF LAST SEMESTER2

2. FOCAL POINTS FOR THE CURRENT SEMESTER3

3. SYLLABUS AS PER M.D. UNIVERSITY4

4. STUDY MATERIAL5

5. TEACHING METHODOLOGY6

6. LESSON PLAN7-8

7. SEMINAR DETAILS9

8. ASSIGNMENTS(1 7)10-16

9. ASSIGNMENT DETAILS17

10. ATTENDANCE SHEET18-20

11. ASSIGNMENTS GRADING SHEET21-22

12. PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS23-27

13. NOTES BY FACULTY27 ONWARDS

OBSERVATIONS OF LAST SEMESTER

1. Due to strictness in marking of grades for assignments almost every student deposited his/her assignment on time.

2. This strictness will be continued along with the regular oral test from the assignments as student just tries to copy the assignment in order to complete it.

3. Representation skills:-

(i) Stage fear

(ii) Lack of communication skills

(iii) Unable to converse properly4. To make classes more interesting and knowledgeable students will be encouraged to participate more in the topic discussion which will also improve the subject knowledge and also improve the communication skills where student lacks. To aim for pass percentage up to 100% to achieve the top 10 position in the reputed universities.5. Students are not attending seminars seriously given by experts. So students will be encouraged to prepare a special note sheet for the same.6. Students are lacking behind in the technical skills required in the placement.7. Late arrival of few students which disturbs the whole class. 8. Lack of interest of students in lectures.

Submitted by:-

Er. Umesh Gupta

(HOD ECE Deptt)

Submitted for your kind approval.

(Director Sir)FOCAL POINTS FOR THE CURRENT SEMESTER

The development of the student as a complete professional should be the foremost motto of any faculty. The following areas will be worked upon:

1. Subject Knowledge of the Students:

a) Important topics related to the subject like RADAR TYPES, APPLICATIONS, CW, MTI and PULSE RADAR will also be discussed. The topics can also be from other universities. b) Applications of RADAR and SONAR in navigation will also be shown through ppt.

c) Introduction to recent development in concerned field will be given to students.

d) Stress will be given on numerical problem solution.

2. Representation Skills of the Students:

a) Student will deliver seminar in front of the entire class on the topic as per the subject.

b) Group discussion sessions will be organized to make students confident.

3. Industrial Exposure:

a) Seminars by the experts will be organized at departmental level.

b) Industrial visits will be organized to make students familiar with the recent technology and trends.

c) Extra assignments will be given to the weak students.

d) Website links and e books will be provided to the students for updating knowledge at the subject level.e) Self study of topics to be delivered by the guest faculty will be done and students will be encouraged to participate effectively in the seminars by questioning from the concerned person.

SYLLABUS AS PER MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

ECE-453-F RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING

L T P Class Work: 50

3 1 - Exam: 100

Total: 150

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs.NOTE: For setting up the question paper, Question No. 1 will be set up from all the four sections

which will be compulsory and of short answer type. Two questions will be set from each of the four

sections. The students have to attempt first common question, which is compulsory, and one question

from each of the four sections. Thus students will have to attempt 5 questions out of 9 questions.Section-A

INTRODUCTION TO RADAR: Radar Block Diagram & operation, Radar Frequencies, Radar

development, Application of Radar.Section-B

RADAR EQUATION: Simple form of Radar Equation, Prediction of Range performance, Minimum

detectable signal, Receiver noise, Signal to Noise ratio, Transmitter Power, Pulse repetition frequency &

range ambiguities, System losses, Propagation effects.

CW & FREQUENCY MODULATED RADAR: The Doppler effect, CW Radar, Frequency-modulated

CW Radar, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.Section-C

MTI & PULSE DOPPLER RADAR: Introduction, Delay Line Cancellors, Multiple or staggered, Pulse

repetition frequencies, range-Gated Doppler Filters, Digital Signal Processing, Other MTI delay line,

Limitation of MTI performance, Noncoherent MTI, Pulse Doppler Radar,

MTI from a moving platform.

TRACKING RADAR: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobbing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking

Radar, Tracking in range, Acquisition.Section-D

RECEIVERS, DISPLAYS & DUPLEXERS: Radar Receivers, Noise Figure, Mixer, Low-noise Front

ends, Displays, Duplexer, Receiver protectors. INTRODUCTION TO SONAR. TEXT BOOK:

1. Fundamentals of radar, sonar & Navigation engineering: K.K. SharmaREFERANCE BOOK:

1. Introduction to Radar Systems: Merrill I. Skolnik, ; MGH

STUDY MATERIAL

1. SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR THE SUBJECT: Availability in the library

S. No.Title of the BookAuthor/ Publisher

01Fundamentals of radar, sonar & Navigation engineeringK.K. Sharma

02Introduction to Radar SystemsMerrill I. Skolnik, ; MGH

03MICROWAVE AND RADARM. KULKARNI

04Microwave and radarV.S BAGAD

05RADAR ENGINEERINGG.S.N RAJU

06Fundamental of radar signal processingMark Richard's

2. E-BOOKS:

Appendix-A http://ebooksfreedownload.org/2011/02/introduction-to-radar-systems-3-edition.html http://vinaych.webs.com/radar_systems_notes.pdf http://books.google.co.in/books?id=B6jIxVqT130C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false http://easilybooksdownload.blogspot.in/2013/07/ebook-radar-handbook-by-merrill-skolnik.html3. RESEARCH PAPERS:

Appendix-B

Implications ofradar rainfall estimates uncertainty on distributed hydrological model predictions by K Schrter, X Llort, C Velasco-Forero.

Sparse learning via iterative minimization with application to MIMOradar imaging by X Tan, W Roberts

Real-time remote sensing driven river basin modeling usingradar altimetry by SJ Pereira-Cardenal, ND Riegels

3. FACULTY NOTES:

Appendix-C

TEACHING METHODOLOGY

Session - 2013-14 Semester: 7th

Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: Digital and Analog Communication (EE-217 -F)

COURSE OBJECTIVE-

The Course aims at developing core knowledge of RADAR AND SONAR engineering among students. The most important area i.e. different types of RADAR and their working will be explained. After the completion of the course student will be able to have in depth knowledge of all said technologies which will be utilized in later part of engineering education.

TEACHING METHODOLOGY:

The teaching pedagogy will be the composition of the following constituents:

1. Lectures, Presentations, Tutorials

2. Submission of the Assignments and class work

3. Seminar by Students as per schedule

4. Seminar by Invited Guest and Industrial Visits

Achievement:

1. Student will achieve basic knowledge about RADAR systems.

2. The applications of RADAR and SONAR etc. will be detailed.

EVALUATION-

Besides the semester end examination, the students will be continuously assessed during the course on the following basis

i. Mid Term Examinations : 30 Marks

ii. Internal Assessment : 20 Marks ( 10 for Assignments + 10 for Attendance )

iii End Semester Examination : 100 Marks

Total : 150 Marks

Session - 2013-14

Semester: 7th

Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: Digital and Analog Communication (EE-217 -F) LESSON PLANDetailed Course Contents

References

Contact Hours

Section 1INTRODUCTION TO RADAR: Radar Block Diagram & operation, Radar Frequencies, Radar development, Application of Radar.Date of Assignment: 29-08-2013Date of Submission: 06-09-2013

Date of Discussion: 10-09-2013 Introduction to Radar Systems(Merrill I. Skolnik)

Fundamentals of RADAR & SONAR engineering by

K.K. SHARMA3

2

3

2

Section 2

RADAR EQUATION: Simple form of Radar Equation, Prediction of Range performance, Minimum

detectable signal, Receiver noise, Signal to Noise ratio, Transmitter Power, Pulse repetition frequency &

range ambiguities, System losses, Propagation effects.

CW & FREQUENCY MODULATED RADAR: The Doppler effect, CW Radar, Frequency-modulated

CW Radar, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.Date of Assignment: 21-09-2013Date of Submission: 1-10-2013Date of Discussion: 3-10-2013Introduction to Radar Systems(Merrill I. Skolnik)


K.K. SHARMA4

4

4

Section 3

MTI & PULSE DOPPLER RADAR: Introduction, Delay Line Cancellors, Multiple or staggered, Pulse

repetition frequencies, range-Gated Doppler Filters, Digital Signal Processing, Other MTI delay line,

Limitation of MTI performance, Noncoherent MTI, Pulse Doppler Radar,

MTI from a moving platform.

TRACKING RADAR: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobbing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking

Radar, Tracking in range, Acquisition.Date of Assignment: 18-10-2013Date of Submission: 25-10-2013Date of Discussion: 29-10-2013Introduction to Radar Systems(Merrill I. Skolnik)


K.K. SHARMA2

2

2

Section 4

RECEIVERS, DISPLAYS & DUPLEXERS: Radar Receivers, Noise Figure, Mixer, Low-noise Front

ends, Displays, Duplexer, Receiver protectors. INTRODUCTION TO SONAR. Date of Assignment: 7-11-2013Date of Submission: 15-11-2013Date of Discussion: 19-11-2013Introduction to Radar Systems(Merrill I. Skolnik)


K.K. SHARMA5

5

5

2

Total Number of Lectures 45+05=50

Session - 2013-14 Semester: 7thName of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)SEMINAR DETAILS

S. NO.SEMINAR TOPICGROUP (ROLL NO. WISE)DATE OF SEMINAR

1BASICS OF Radar systemROLL NO. 01 to 0327-08-2013

2Radar equation and different parametersROLL NO. 04 to 0707-09-2013

3CW-FMCW RADARROLL NO. 07 to 1117-09-2013

4MTI RADAR & PULSE DOPPLER RADARROLL NO. 12 to 15

30-09-2013

5. TRACKING RADARROLL NO. 16 to 1910-10-2013

6.RECEIVER, DISPLAYS & DUPLEXERSROLL NO. 20 to 23 20-10-2013

7.Sonar systemROLL NO. 24 up to last31-10-2013


Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)Date of Assignment: 29-08-2013Date of Submission: 06-09-2013Date of Discussion: 10-09-2013ASSIGNMENT-1

1. Define RADAR. Explain the basic principle of RADAR.2. How the position of RADAR is indicated? What is the difference between azimuth and elevation?

3. What is the maximum unambiguous range? How is it related with pulse repetition rate?4. What are the applications of RADAR?5. Draw the block diagram of RADAR and explain each part.

6. What are the limitations of RADAR?

7. What are the functions of RADAR?

8. What is the difference between pulse interval and PRF?

9. Define the following:- pulse width, pulse repetition time, duty cycle, range resolution, radar frequencies.

10. Determine the maximum unambiguous range and range resolution of a RADAR having pulse width is 5 micro seconds at a PRF of 100hz.


Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)

Date of Assignment: 03-09-2013Date of Submission: 13-09-2013Date of Discussion: 15-09-2013ASSIGNMENT 2.

1. Derive the simple form of RADAR range equation.2. What are the factors affecting the RADAR range?3. How noise affects the detection process of RADAR?

4. What are the different types of system losses?

5. Derive the basic RADAR range equations as governed by the minimum receivable echo power Pmin?

6. A transmission line with loss L is connected to the input of a receiver whose noise figure is Fr. What is the overall noise figure of the combination?

7. What is the effect of receiver bandwidth on the maximum range of a well designed radar, assuming the average power remains constant?

8. `How to calculate dwell time?

9. Calculate the maximum radar range in terms of signal to noise ratio.

10. Define the following:- propagation effect, Antenna loss, Plumbing loss, ducting effect.


Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)Date of Assignment: 21-09-2013Date of Submission: 30-09-2013Date of Discussion: 1-10-2013ASSIGNMENT 3

1. What do you understand by Doppler Effect? 2. Explain the construction and working of FMCW radar.

3. What do you understand by Multiple Frequency CW radar?

4. What is the difference between pulse radar and CW radar?

5. Why CW radar cannot measure range?

6. How target velocity can be obtained by CW radar?

7. What are the applications of CW radar?

8. What are the drawbacks of CW radar?

9. What are the advantages of Doppler Effect?

10. A CW transit frequency of 10GHz and Doppler frequency is 1000 Hz. Calculate the radial velocity of the target.


Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)Date of Assignment: 27-09-2013Date of Submission: 05-10-2013Date of Discussion: 07-10-2013ASSIGNMENT 41. What is the highest frequency that a radar can be operated at if it is required to have a maximum unambiguous range of 200nmi and no blind speech less than 600Kt. 2. What do you understand by term MTI?

3. Differentiate between MTI and pulse Doppler radar.

4. What are the limitations of MTI radar?

5. Describe Coherent MTI radar along with the diagram.

6. What is the necessity of delay line canceller?7. Describe the various aspects of MTI from a moving platform.

8. What is sub clutter visibility?

9. What is noncoherent MTI?

10. What are the advantages of digital MTI over analog MTI?


Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)

Date of Assignment: 18-10-2013Date of Submission: 25-10-2013Date of Discussion: 29-10-2013ASSIGNMENT 5

1. What do you understand by term Tracking Radar?

2. What is meant by beam splitting?

3. What is chief advantage of automatic detection and tracking?

4. Under what conditions does the Kalman filter perform like the tracking filter?5. What might be the upper bound of the resonant frequency of the servo when the tracking antenna is 30ft in a diameter?

6. What is sequential lobbing?

7. Explain the working of monopulse tracking radar.

8. What do you understand by acquisition of target and explain the various method of antenna scanning?

9. How is conical scanning an improvement over lobe switching?

10. Define tracking in range.


Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)Date of Assignment: 23-10-2013Date of Submission: 30-10-2013Date of Discussion: 2-11-2013ASSIGNMENT 6

1. Explain different types of radar receivers?

2. What is the effect of receiver bandwidth over the performance of radar?

3. Explain the balanced duplexer along with diagram.

4. Define the following: - AFC, Balanced mixer, noise temperature, ferrite duplexer.

5. Explain the working of a image recovery mixer and give its limitations.

6. What are the factors influencing the BW of a radar receiver?7. What do you understand by radar display?

8. Define the A scope.

9. What effect does the local oscillator have on the receivers dynamic range?

10. What is beta scan and plasma display?


Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)Date of Assignment: 7-11-2013Date of Submission: 15-11-2013Date of Discussion: 19-11-2013ASSIGNMENT 7 1. Define SONAR.

2. Explain the working of SONAR.

3. What are the applications of SONAR?

4. What is the use of SONAR in navigation?

5. Explain the propagation mode of SONAR.

6. What is the basic principle of SONAR?

7. What are the limitations of SONAR?

8. What is hydrophone array?

9. What are the different types of SONAR?

10. What are the different types of noise produced in SONAR? Session - 2013-14 Semester: 7th

Name of the Faculty: Er. Umesh GuptaSubject & Code: RADAR AND SONAR ENGINEERING (ECE-453-F)ASSIGNMENT DETAILS

S. NO.ASSIGNMENTSASSIGNMENT ISSUE DATEASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION DATEASSIGNMENT CHECK/DISCUSSION DATE

1Assignment 129-08-201306-09-201310-09-2013

2Assignment 203-09-201313-09-201315-09-2013

3Assignment 321-09-201330-09-20131-10-2013

4Assignment 427-09-201305-10-2013 07-10-2013

5.Assignment 518-10-201325-10-201329-10-2013

6.Assignment 623-10-201330-10-201302-11-2013

7.Assignment 77-11-201315-11-2013

19-11-2013

Page 4 of 17 FACULTY INCHARGE: Er. Umesh Gupta

Radar Sonar Ece 7th Sem

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