ROCKS

Marble

Sandstone, Marble and Granite

Granite

Korean War Memorial is actually made from stainless steel…..But I really like it so I wanted to show it to you

Red Granite

I WILL BE ABLE TO…

Arrange and define 4 stages of sedimentary rock formation.

Describe the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock.

Recognize the difference between foliated and unfoliated

List common uses for 3 different types of rocks Apply the rock cycle Distinguish between the 3 classifications of rocks Illustrate how a rock becomes a metamorphic

rock Evaluate rocks to determine their classification

and names

DEFINITIONRocks are the hard part of the

earth

Rocks are composed of one or more minerals

Rocks can be made up of organic matter

HOW TO CLASSIFY ROCKS•Color• Mineral Composition

•Texture• Grain size• Grain shape• Grain pattern

COLORThis is a quick easy to observe

property that can point you in the right direction.

Helps identify mineral composition

Granite

TEXTUREGrain sizeGrain patternGrain shape

GRAIN SIZE

Fine Grained

Medium Grained

Course Grained

GRAIN SHAPE

Rounded grain Angular grain

GRAIN PATTERN

Banded Non Banded

THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS

Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKSFire rocks

IGNEOUSIgneous Rocks are formed form lava or magma.

EXTRUSIVE

Rocks formed form lava. These are also called volcanic rocks.PumiceBasaltObsidian

INTRUSIVEFormed from magma

GraniteGabbaroDiorite

COOLING RATESFast cooling have shinny

reflections.

Slow cooling have visible crystals

GRANITE

• Light-colored, coarse- grained, no pattern

• Mostly quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblende

• Often used for buildings and monuments

BASALT• Dark-colored, fine-

grained, extrusive• Formed where lava

erupted onto surface• Most widespread

igneous rocks• Found locally in the

Palisades along west shore of Hudson River, Connecticut River valley

GABBRO

• Dark-colored, coarse- grained intrusive

• Similar composition to basalt—plagioclase feldspar with some pyroxene and olivine

Obsidian

• Natural volcanic glass

• Forms when lava cools very quickly

• Usually dark, but small pieces may be clear

• Fractures along curved (conchoidal) surface

• Used as spear and arrow points, knives

USES

Buildings

Countertops

Aggregate

Soap

SEDIMENTARY ROCKSPacked Rocks

SEDIMENTARY

Formed from fragments of rocks and minerals that break up or dissolve into water.

FORMATION PROCESS

Erosion

Deposition

Compaction

Cementation

EROSION

Wearing away of rocks by wind, water, or ice.

DEPOSITION

Sediment settling out of the wind or water that is carrying it.

COMPACTION

Process of sediment settling together

CEMENTATION

Process of dissolved minerals crystallizing and gluing rock sediments together.

TYPES

Clastic Organic Chemical

CLASTIC

Sedimentary Rocks composed of sediment and rock fragments that have been deposited, compacted and cemented.

PINK SANDSTONE

Pink or reddish in color Composed of quartz and feldspar minerals

Texture Medium Grain Size Angular or Rounded Grain Well sorted, no banding Slightly porous

CONGLOMERATE Color

Tan to dark brown with nearly any color spots

Fragments of all types of rocks usually cemented by quartz, iron oxides, or calcite.

TextureVery courseRounded GrainNon banded

BRECCIA

ColorLight brown or tan

with grey white or black spots

Composed of all types of rocks and cemented by salts

TextureVery courseAngular Non banded

ORGANIC

Made from the organic material that has been deposited, compacted and cemented

COAL

ColorBlack or dark grey

TextureMedium-Fine grainedAngular or roundedNon banded

ORGANIC/FOSSIL SANDSTONE

Color Light colored, white to yellow or tan

Texture Medium or fine grained Angular fragments Non banded May have distinct fossils

DIATOMITE

Color Light brown or tan Composed of silica from hard celled algae

Texture Fine grained Rounded or Angular Non banded Powdery

CHEMICAL

Rocks that are formed form minerals that were once dissolved in water usually left behind after evaporation.

Alabaster

Rock Gypsum

Rock Salt

USES

Cement

Building Stones

Fuel Fiberglass

METAMORPHIC ROCKChanged Rock

METAMORPHIC

Formed by heat and pressure of other rocks deep in the earth

REGIONAL

Plates get pushed under and thus pressurized and heated

Plates get pushed up into mountains

CONTACT

Lava veins shooting up near rock give off intense heat

FOLIATED

These rocks have a banded texture. Can layers of the same rock or of crystals

FOLDED SCHIST

Color Tan with colored bands

Texture Medium grained Angular Banded Wavy

SLATE

Color Black

Texture Fine grained Angular grains Banded

GNEISS

Color Dark and light color bands

Texture Coarse grained Angular grains Banded

NON FOLIATED

No bands or lines running across the minerals

Quartzite Marble

QUARTZITE

Color Pale brown

Texture Medium grain Angular No bands (non foliated)

MARBLE

Color White or grayish

Texture Course, medium and fine grains Angular grains Non banded (non foliated)

USES

Sculptures

Flooring

Roofing