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Transcript of QUIZ 1 ID please—anyone not have? Sign in sheets Pencil on Scantron Student ID bubbles on...
QUIZ 1 ID please—anyone not have? Sign in sheets Pencil on Scantron Student ID bubbles on Scantron Name and ID on all three things Your Section is: A (Tuesday) or C (Monday) Remove temptation: eyes ahead Leave when done, return for lecture Leave by front doors Less disruption—one trip only to leave Stay put in last 10 min
2130 Personality Psychology“Know Thyself”
Professor Ian McGregor
Lecture 3: Motives and Traits
Who Are You? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFf_-Kop-Q8
Troubled?York Counseling Center, 416-736-5297
(confidential, professional counseling forYork students)
Student Peer Support Center at 416-736-5231 or email [email protected] (confidentialpeer counseling by York students for York students).
Overview of Today’s Lecture Begin with Freud on Individual Differences From Motives to Traits Big-5 and similarity to other models Including Jung and MBTI Nature vs. Nurture (genetics vs. mom) Social correlates of Big-5 traits
Sex, politics, religion Divorce
Freud: Psychosexual Development Oral Stage
Incorporative or sadistic fixation Anal Stage
Expulsive or retentive (anal triad: stubborn, orderly, stingy)
Phallic Stage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA35ys91QJU&feature=related
Oedipus complex Castration anxiety Penis Envy and Electra complex
Latency Stage Super-ego—living up to gender and cultural ideals
Genital Stage Mutual pleasure and altruism--generativity
Projective tests: What do you see?
Murray’s Needs and Motives
Explorations in Personality, 1938, Dedicated to Freud and Jung
Assumption that people will be unable or unwilling to report sexual, selfish, or aggressive motives (Freud).
Relies on Associations i.e., complexes or schemas (Jung)
Need + Press = motive
Measurement Problems: Reliability and Prediction
From Motives to Traits Motives began to be seen as unscientific remnants
of outdated psychoanalytic perspective Behaviourism Cognitive Revolution: Just ask, they might tell you Journals changed names to gain credibility
Problems Too many traits—field had no focus 1960s zietgeist: utopian change, power of situation(ism) Prediction problems: Walter “Mischel shock” Do traits even exist? Circular logic…
Two Developments Revived Personality Psych Experimental Personality Research (next week) Big-5 (today)
Big-5 Lexical Criterion and Factor Analysis (1949)
Catell 4500 adjectives 1700: Fiske’s 5 factors 1980s, access to computers
Replicated by other researchers In other cultures and languagesWith different agesWith non-verbal formats and observer ratersRemarkably stable over timePredict real world things: e.g., politics and
divorce
Big-5 Personality Traits (-1, 0, 1?)
EXTRAVERSION
Enthusiastic, outgoing, talkative
AGREEABLENESS
Sympathetic, warm, accepting, friendly
OPENNESS
Intellectual, complex, unconventional, creative, original
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
Dependable, disciplined, organized, careful
NEUROTICISM
Anxious, easily upset, moody
http://www.personal.psu.edu/~j5j/IPIP/ipipneo300.htm
Jung: Personality and Individuation
Introversion vs. ExtraversionThe Four Functions:
Sensing (a kind of perceiving)INtuiting (a kind of perceiving)Feeling (a way of judging)Thinking (a way of judging)
Perceiving vs. Judging
Myers Briggs (Based on Jung’s Theory)
Circle your summary on Table of TypesFrom previous slide
Matches vs. mismatches? Correlated with 4 of the Big-5 Simple, less pejorative labels &
appreciating “Gifts Differing”Good for marriages and workplaces!
Beyond the golden rule…
Big-5 (NEOAC) & Plato, Galen, Freud, MBTI
Brass/Iron, Silver, Gold Choleric, Sanguine, Phlegmatic,
Melancholic Oral, Anal, Phallic EI, SN, TF, PJ The role of Mom?
Genetics and PersonalityCorrelations of Big-5 Traits Between
Adopted kids and parentsAdopted siblings Biological kids and parentsBiological siblingsNon-identical (dz) twinsIdentical (mz) twinsIdentical twins raised apart
00.1.1.25.5.5
Heredity Estimate (rmz – rdz) x 2 x100 = % Variance from genes No effect of parents? (stay tuned!) Non-Shared Environment? Harris: Where is the Child’s Environment? Is it Error? Multiple raters boost genes to 70% Culture? People are getting taller, and smarter,
and more anxious… Change is possible, genetic predisposition not
absolute destiny. Young adulthood is difficult. Neur. goes down!
Openness: Awed or odd?Openness to Experience
•Aesthetics
•Fantasy
•Values
•Actions
•Ideals
•Feelings
Sex, politics, and religion
Ideal friends and marriage
Traits and Divorce
What if MZ twin and parentsa) got divorced?
80% divorced
b) stayed married? 10% divorced
Trait Divorce Pronenesshigh E, high O, low C, high N, r=.4Traits also predict MZ twin’s divorce, r=.4!