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Quenya-English Dictionary
Taryn East
December 28, 2002
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Part I
Introduction
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The point
The intention of this dictionary was to list all attested words and wordsderived from attested sources in the one place.
I would like to point out that this is not a listing of what is exactlyattested (eg the past participle has been attested, but the plural past par-ticiple hasn’t etc etc). For that sort of detail, go to the Corpus Wordlist - if itisn’t in there, check Etymologies, otherwise, it’s probably a derived word.
Derived words are assumed to be completely regular in form, using”standard” (or well-accepted) 3rd-age Quenya grammar (there are numer-ous references about for this, I learned mine from Helge Fauskanger’s ex-cellent course in Quenya). At present, all derived words in this dictionarycome from parts of an attested compound word (eg lomea = ”gloomy”from: Lomeanor ”Gloomyland”).
In future, I hope to also incorporate words derived from the establishedrules of derivation from the primitive stem-words in the etymologies. Iplan to include those found in Boris Shapiro’s reconstructed words dictio-nary.
At present, most of these words come from three sources: the corpuswordlist, Etymologies, and Helge Fauskner’s Quenya course. Note: thewords from Helge’s course are not only the ”exercise wordlist” he pro-vides at the end of his course, but also every word (given with a transla-tion) presented during the course.
Above all I want to express that this dictionary will be for words thatare well- attested and accepted in the general Elvish community. Otherwords that are created or guessed in non-standard ways can go in someother dictionary - perhaps when I get to that stage I’ll create one for thatpurpose. For now, however, I have created this dictionary so that if I golooking for a word, I will be able to see all the words that are availablebefore deciding that it doesn’t exist. I’d like to point out here (for thosepurists listening) that I am not going to be making up words for ”space-ship” and so forth... so don’t bug me about it. I’m not forcing you to usethis dictionary!
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4 THE POINT
So we come to the question: Why am I writing this dictionary whenthe Quenya Lexicon (Parma Eldalaberon #12?) already exists?a) It’s out of stock at presentb) It’s not freec) I don’t like the way it’s ordered by root-word - it presumes that you al-ready know what you’re looking for, which may not be the case - I’d likea dictionary that is set out like a dictionaryd) I’m using the act of gathering, cleaning up and inserting these words asa chance to learn them - which I’d recommend to anyone learning Quenyaas a way to build vocabulary fast - especially if you have to figure out thenuances of meaning between synonyms.
Disclaimer
I’d like to state for the record that I am in no way, shape, or form to beconfused with a Quenya expert. I am still learning. I am only up to lesson11 in Helge’s course (as at end of 2002), so please, please, please don’t takeanything written here as gospel. I have quite probably gotten it all horriblywrong!
The only things that can be trusted to a reasonable degree are the En-glish glosses listed alongside the words and the Etymology - both of whichare pretty certain to have come directly from Tolkien’s works. I have in-cluded a lot of speculation concerning where one word should be usedover another and what the precise difference is between similar words... itis only speculation and, as I said before, speculation from someone that isnot an expert.
My advice is that if you want certainty of the accuracy of a word, al-ways check the original sources!
Eventually, of course, I do plan to become more expert and to bringthis dictionary in line with that, but I’m not there yet, and neither is thedictionary.
If you can find an error in the dictionary (highly likely!) then I defi-nitely want to hear about it! Though it might take me a while to gettingaround to fixing it and I will also expect you to have some sort of attesta-tion to back up your claims. Also, I do not expect this to be an invitationfor you to openly flame me. I am very open to criticism, of the construc-tive sort. I have no problem with being told I’m wrong as long as youcan back up your claims and base it on reason and logic, rather than yourown personal preferences... I’m not forcing you to use this dictionary, it is
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available for you to take or leave as you will.
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Word order
Each word is listed alphabetically. I have made little difference betweenthe short and long vowels ecept where it is the only differentiator betweentwo words, in which case the unaccented (or short) form comes before thelong form (eg tir comes before tır, but oma comes before oron).
Similarly, with the difference between ”n” and ”n”, I put the latter fol-lowing the former. Note that I use ”n” in place of ”ng” to differentiatebetween the back nasal sound (eg ”king”) and the harder version (eg in”finger”). The latter is represented as: ”ng” just to expressly point outthe difference. Mostly the back-nasal is no longer used in 3rd-age Quenyaanyway (with ”n” usually being substituted for the sake of simplicity) -but I’ve left it in for words that I have not yet received confirmation ofthis for (eg stuff out of Etymologies, especially where there are both formslisted).
A word may be repeated if it has multiple meanings, and sometimesan inflected-form may be listed separately to the standard version if themeaning differs enough.
Note: I have changed ”k” to ”c” in all occurrances of the letter - if youlike Ks better, than feel free to use them in your own compositions, but Ilike the look of c and so that is what I have used throughout. This maymean that the attested form is different to the form I have included in thisdictionary - but I am fairly sure that most readers will be able to figure outwhat was meant and will be able to go to the section starting with ”C” tofind a word rather than the one starting with ”K”...
Note: WRT ”x” or ”cs” I actually haven’t settled on a decision regard-ing this. I started out using only ”x”, but then it became necessary to showthe etymology of a certain word using ”cs” so I have interspersed thesetwo. Obviously one is interchangeable with the other anyway, and nowords start with this sound, so choose as you will, and I will eventuallydecide. I’m leaning more to ”cs” than ”x” now as otherwise etymology istoo confusing - Ive already put in what I thought was a ”new” word onlyto discover it later under another area because it was spelled with an x.
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Note that tengwar doesn’t have a letter for ”x” but uses ”cs” - so I thinkthat will be my definitive point... but I haven’t the energy to go searchingfor ”x” words yet - I’ll put them in order as I find them.
Also note, that some words are listed specifically as suffixes/prefixes,and thus may be listed with a ”-” before or after them - this is ignored forthe purpose of sorting, but may confuse some search queries.
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Definition specifics
The LATEX file lists each entry like this:
\qdef[stem-]{word,variant-word,...}{type of word}{definition, synonym,...}
{notes, attestation}{etymology}{see-also}{unusual conjugations and directly related words}
The PDF file should then show it like this:word,variant-word,... [stem-] type of word. definition, syn-
onym,... notes, attestationetymology: etymologyrelated: unusual conjugations and directly related wordssee also: see-alsoObviously, not all definitions will have something to go in every one of
these sections, but if they do, this is the information to be found in each ofthese places:
Stem
The stem is only listed where it differs from the actual, given word. Itis used when forming compound or different tenses etc. Mainly a wordhas a different stem if it was created from a primitive root that imperfectlytranslated into ”modern” Quenya. In this case, the ”true” form of the wordis not of a proper Quenya form when left by itself, but when a prefix/suffixis added, the original form may still be used. For example the word Talan= ”floor” has the stem [talam-]. A proper Quenya word cannot end in Mand thus the word becomes talan when it stands alone as ”a floor”, butchanges back to the original form when a suffix is added eg talami.
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WORD, VARIANT WORD 9
Word, Variant word
The main Quenya word is obviously listed first. Variant word-forms de-tail such things as: Elen also appears as -el and as el- as a shorthand formaking into compound words.
Type of word
This is the grammatical type of the word eg verb, noun etc. See subsectionbelow for abbreviations used.
Definition, synonyms
This is the one-word (or very-short) definition/gloss of the Quenya word.Synonyms are listed too as this means that I can easily create the English-Quenya dictionary and have it fairly comprehensive. Please note thatsome of the ”synonyms” are there just to help with the quick index (whichis in progress) thus there will be some really interesting things like ”grammar-pluralisation-nouns-vowel-ending” which are obviously there for categori-sation rather than as an actual definition. I fully intend to remove these as Igo along - but it’s a fair amount of work and I’m just doing it as I go along.At which point we’ll be left with just the simple description of what theword means.
Note that some defs will have a question mark after them - these aremy guesses as to synonyms that seem appropriate but haven’t actuallybeen suggested in any of the etymologies etc. In other words, feel freeto use them, but the word may have a slightly different inflection on themeaning so it may not be completely appropriate. As I’ve said before: it’salways a good idea to check the real sources...
Notes, attestation
In this section are some notes that might further refine the definition orcompare with synonyms etc. It might also contain an Attestation if theword is not directly from Etymologies. This tends to be the case for suchthings as names of people and places etc.
If there is something that I still don’t undertsand or something that I’veguessed I will have marked it with a note thus: Taryn - my comment goes
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10 DEFINITION SPECIFICS
here → as I find answers to the problems posed in these, I’ll remove thenotes, but for now, these should be taken with a pinch of salt - they areserious speculation on my part. If you can answer any of the questionsposed... feel free, I’d be most grateful.
Etymology
This is mainly Tolkien’s ”fake” etymology of the word→ ie where Tolkiensays the word comes from with primitive Elvish roots etc etc. It also men-tions things like ”Adapted from Valarin” or wherever Tolkien chose theword to have come from. It will also be where true-derived words havetheir derivation attested (ie when I get round to adding Boris Shapiro’sstuff and similar.
The only other thing to mention is that I use the capital letter Chi: Ξ torepresent the back-spirant sound. This sound is *not* naturally occuringin Quenya, but it does appear in primitive Elvish and word-roots, and sowill probably occur in the etymology section every so often.
See-also
This is just a list of words considered relevant to the word. This is mainlyused in compound words, where each sub-word is listed here. It is alsoused in words that obviously share a common root (eg cal- and calya-)and for words that have very similar meaning (eg sil- vs cal-) - in bothinstances they are listed to allow the reader to see the differences betweenthe words, and thus choose the more appropriate word. Notes on what’sin the ”see also” section will often be in the Notes section - eg somethinglike ”Another example of shine is sil- which refers specifically to shiningwith silver light”...
I’m starting to feel that I don’t like this section so much. I’ve startedputting synonyms into the ”unusual inflexions” section and compoundwords have begun to have their related words move into the Etymologysection, so i may eventually just remove this bit... for now it’s still therebut very few words contain it.
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UNUSUAL INFLEXIONS 11
Unusual inflexions
This section is used to list unusual inflected forms of the word (eg tenses,or pluralisations); it is only used if the inflected forms are irregular. I haveassumed that the reader has a basic understanding of Quenya grammar(if not, try Helge’s course) and can thus derive all the standard forms andtenses themself from the stem-forms of the words. I do plan on writing upa general spiel on the normal inflexions for Quenya words (like the onesusually found in dictionaries) but won’t for a little while yet - not until Iam exceedingly more familiar with the grammar myself...
I’ve also started putting in synonyms and antonyms - just so’s you canhave a look at the alternatives available and choose the most appropriate.I haven’t cross-linked everything... just where I can remember that thereis another word that’s similar.
The form of a word
The words listed are generally the base-form of that word, eg a verb islisted in the stem-form (eg tulta-). This is to allow greatest ease for con-structing compound or inflected versions of the words. To help with this Ihave included many of the ”inflection bits” as words in their own right eg-r, -t, -li and -i as the various pluralisation suffixes.
Note that occaisionally I will list a specific inflected form of a word asa seperate word - this is because I’m sure this dictionary will be used bypeople wondering what a word in an attested source means - so I haveincluded some or them for reference (eg atalantea. This is also the case forcompound words (mainly as I wanted to keep all the names in here).
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English-Quenya Index
I’m currently in the process of adding index cross-references so that eachQuenya entry will have all its corresponding glosses in the English-QuenyaIndex. Obviously any guessed translations shouldn’t be taken literally, butcross-checked with the description given for the Quenya word, as therecan be many minor variants that have slightly different shades of mean-ing. eg if you look for ”white”, you will end up with fana, ninque, andsıla - all of which can mean white in different ways... not to mention vanya(and others) which can refer to something being ”pale”/”fair” etc.
I still haven’t gotten around to fixing the roman-numerals issue (seebelow)... I think I need to hack up an awk script or write something quickand nasty in C to do my indexing for me instead of makeindex. That willtake some time and energy which I don’t have just yet... maybe when Ihead back to uni next year.
What this means in practise is that any word beginning with: c, i l,m, or v won’t show up in the index as makeindex just chucks it out as”invalid”.
Building the index
If you don’t have a copy of the pdf file and you want to create it from thetex, you’ll need my additional files if you want the index to be generated.
I’m not using a standard LATEX index as that only does page-numbers,wheras I want a cross-reference of word-word. Standard LATEX cross-referencesalso won’t do as they’re primarily built around the concept of a bibliogra-phy.
I’ve started work on a C-program to make one for me, as my makein-dex hack kept rejecting anything in the index that didn’t look like a num-ber (or was an invalid roman numeral). This C program isn’t written yet,but when it is, I’ll make the source available with the program. For themeantime, I’ll continue to use the makeindex hack - which does generate
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BUILDING THE INDEX 13
*some* index... just not everything.If you’re reading the PDF and don’t have a clue what I’m talking about,
don’t worry, you’re reading a version where it’s already been done for you.If you need a copy of these files, just send me an email ([email protected])
and I’ll send you a copy.
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Where I’m up to
Actually done
This is where I’m up to with cleaning/adding words from the main sourcesCorpus Wordlist: I’ve basically cleaned up most of the stuff from the
original corpus wordlist. I’m still cleaning out some of the stuff I didn’tunderstand when my grammar was still very little, and I have a lot ofcomments, queries and speculation scattered throughout the text. I’ve re-moved a few words that I became pretty sure were Sindarin in origin -but there weren’t many. Each of my wildest speculations is marked witha Taryn - whatever comment . I also know there’s a few spelling mistakesand the typesetting could do with a bit more clean-up - this is my first bigproject with LATEX and I’m learning as I go along!
Words taken from Helge’s course: p104 lesson 8Etymologies: SIndexing: just begun - look for the comment line in the tex version:
Also, as I add new entries from Etymologies I’ll add the indexentries andclean up any related word’s index entries.
Plans for future stuff
These are what I’d like to do once I’ve done that:Finish what I’m only partly through from above list - I seem to have
formed a habit of starting lots of things and not finishing them before start-ing again - but it keeps it interesting and fresh, at least...
Look through some of the online ”partial dictionaries” that are avail-able to check that I have everything (a bit iffy and I’ll only touch the onesthat have actual attestations)
Possibly add Bruce Shapiro’s stuffStart deriving my own words a-la Shapiro’s stuff - as long as i’m fairly
satisfied I know how to do it (which I’m not yet).
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PLANS FOR FUTURE STUFF 15
I do plan on writing up a general spiel on the normal inflexions forQuenya words (like the ones usually found in dictionaries) but won’t for alittle while yet - not until I am exceedingly more familiar with the grammarmyself...
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Abbreviations
There are few abbreviations used in this dictionary. I have split those thatare up into the following sections.
Source attestations
These are the contractions used for the various sources for this Quenya.Note that I’ve compiled my stuff from a number of second-hand sourcestoo so the form of the attestation contractions can differ, but will be somwhatalong the lines of the abbreviations given below:
CO Cırion’s Oath UT:305, 317EO Elendil’s Oath LotR3:VI ch. 5Etym Etymologies (often will contain the entry it’s under)FG Frodo’s Greeting LotR1:I ch. 3LotR Lord of the RingsLR Lost Road (anything but the Etymologies)Markirya Markirya poem MC:221-222.Nam Namarie LotR1:II ch. 8SA Silmarillion Appendix (often will contain the entry it’s under)Silm Silmarillion
Grammatical types
These abbreviations are used in the ”grammatical type of word” section ofthe definitions. They are all pretty standard grammatical types - some ofwhich I am as yet unfamiliar with. Listed below are the common contrac-tions that I am currently using. Later I will add to these.
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GRAMMATICAL TYPES 17
adj adjectiveadv adverbdim diminutive - the nickname of someone famous, this entry
will usually only reference their real namegram a grammatical object eg - the suffix that turns verbs into
adjectives.hypo hypochoristic, a pet-name or diminutive, eg ”daddy”n nounphr phrase/compound word/namepron pronoun (eg ”I”, ”you”, ”his” etc)v verbv (tr) transitive verb
The others I am not so sure about just yet so have written out in full.
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Speaking quenya
There’s another doc on this at present - this is the Quenya quick-ref thatNash is doing - all stuff that would go in this section are currently in that.I’ll put some notes here that I don’t think are in there and maybe eventu-ally move the whole thing into this section at a later date, but for now justthe notes:
- Like Espanol, vowels can get agglomerated together between words.eg, the famous: Elen sıla lumenn’ omentielvo has a quote at the end oflumenn which really stands for the ”missing” ’a’ of lumenna.
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A
a vocative particle. oh, O in a vanimar”O beautiful ones” LotR3:VI ch. 6,translated in Letters:308
a,a imperative particle. o, may it beeg a laita, laita te! ”[o] bless them,bless them!”, a vala Manwe! ”mayManwe order it!”, literally ”o ruleManwe!”
a- gram. grammar-special aprefix occurring in the Markiryapoem (Tolkien first used na-, thenchanged it). It is prefixed to verbalstems following a word that is theobject of sense-verbs like ”see”and ”hear” and describes what theobject is doing, as in man cenuvalumbor ahosta (changed fromna-hosta), ”who shall see the cloudsgather?” (hosta = ”gather”).
see also: na--a gram. grammar-verbs-present-
tense-pure Pure verbs form theirpresent tense by lengthening thestem-vowel and adding -a to theend. eg tul- becomes tula. This isequivalent to adding -es of ”is -ing”to an english word. a-stem verbsfrom present tense in -ea
see also: eaacsa n. ravine, path, pass Specifi-
cally a narrow pathetymology: Etym AK
acsan n. law, rule, command-
ment (WJ:399)etymology: Adopted and
adapted from Valarinacso n. bone in Markiryaacuna, akuna
see also: cunaaha n. rage, wrath, tengwa
#11 this tengwa was earlier calledharma Appendix E
see also: harmaahosta this is just hosta with a the
prefix a- on it.see also: a-, hosta
ahya- v. change only attested in thepast tense: ahyane, incidentally, itis also the only attested case where”hy” occurs somewhere other thanright at the beginning of a word.PM:395
ai interjection. Ah!, Alas!, oh! (Nam,RGEO:66)
aica adj. sharp, pointed, piercingetymology: AYAK = sharp,
pointedaica adj. fell, terrible, dire (PM:347
according to PM:363 seldom ap-plied to evil things)
Aicanaro phr. Sharp Flame, FellFire, name-masc Sindarized asAegnor. (So in SA:nar and PM:345;MR:323 has Aicanar)
see also: aica, naraicale n. peak, point? ie a sharp,
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20 A
pointed bitetymology: aica (sharp) + le (adj-
¿n)aicasse n. peak (mountain) Spe-
cific word for a mountain peak, asopposed to aicale which refers toany peak
etymology: From AYAK = sharpsee also: aica
ailin n. pool, lake Taryn - Note thatthe stem AY isn’t specifically identified,so I don’t really know the difference be-tween ailin and linya
etymology: AY + LIN → ai-lin =pool, lake
related: genitive singular : aili-nen
see also: linyaaimenal, aimenel n. lark (arch)
this is the older Qenya word for larksee also: lirulin
aina adj. holy WJ:399, FS, SAetymology: Derived from Ainu =
”Holy One”Ainu n. Holy One, Vala-Order,
holy-one, angel Refers to thoseof the ’order’ of the Valar and Ma-iar made before Ea (the universe).(WJ:399).
etymology: AYAN = holyrelated: fem : Aini, pl. : Ainursee also: Ainulindale
Ainulindale phr. Music of theAinur, name-book SA:lin #2, thesong of creation = the First Historyand book of the world (WJ:406)
see also: ainuaiqua adj. steep Something coming
up to a sharp point - possibly re-lated to aica
see also: aicaaiquen pronoun. if anybody, who-
ever WJ:372see also: ai?, quen
aira adj. red, copper-coloured,ruddy Taryn - I’m not sure whatthe difference is between this ”copper”and rus , which also means ”copper”- though it’s possible that the latter isa Valarin-adaptation, as many coloursseem to have double words. Notethat ”red” here probably refers only tored hair (as in something fairly copper-coloured) as the ”true” word for red isgenerally considered to be carn e.
etymology: GAY- = redsee also: carne, rus
aira [aire-] adj. holy According toPM:363, according to PM:363, aireis the noun ”sanctity”, while aira isthe adjective ”holy”
related: n : airesee also: aire
aire, aire- n. sanctity Also means’holy’ in adjectival sense. airetarior Aire Tari ”holy queen” (a title ofVarda, PM:363), genitive aire-tario”holy-queen’s” (Nam, RGEO:67 -but according to PM:363, aire is thenoun ”sanctity”, while aira is theadjective ”holy”)
related: adj : airasee also: aira
aista- v. dread, fearetymology: GAYAS- = fear
aiwe n. bird SA:lin #1Aiwendil phr. Bird-lover, bird-
friend, name-? a better trans-lation is ”lover of birds” UT:401
see also: aiwe
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Aiwenor phr. bird-land The lowerairs - or that part of the atmospherethat is the realm of the birds.
etymology: aiwe (bird) + nore(realm)
see also: aiwe, noreaiya interjection. hail (interj), greet-
ing (LotR2:IV ch. 9, see Letters:385for translation)
alalme, lalme n. elm The possiblerelation to ALA (blessed) has beenproposed before, and makes sense”since the elm was held blessed andbeloved by he Eldar” Etym:ALAK
etymology: Possibly originateswith: ALA (blessed) → LALAM(ALAM ) = elm-tree
Alamanyar,umanyar n. Elvish-group name of the Elves whostarted on the march fromCuivienen but did not reachAman; umanyar in (MR:163)
see also: umanyaralarca adj. rushing Related to larca =
”rapid/swift”etymology: A merger between
LAK- = ”swift” and ALAK- = rush-ing
alasaila adj. unwise VT42:32 Taryn -does this mean the ala- means ”un” or”not”?
alasse n. joy, merrimentetymology: GALAS = joy, be-
gladalata n. radiance eg in al(a)tarielAlataire phr. Great sea The name of
the Western ocean betwen Beleriandand Valinor (ie, the Atlantic ocean).
etymology: ALAT (great) + AIR(sea)
see also: alta, earalca n. ray-of-light
etymology: Etym ALKA-Ralcare, alcar n. radiance, glory,
brilliance, splendour (WJ:369,CO)
related: adj : alcarinquasee also: alca
Alcarin adj. the Glorious title takenby Atanatar II of Gondor, also nameof one of the Kings of Numenor Ap-pendix A
related: n : alcarsee also: alcarinqua
alcarinqua adj. glorious WJ:412related: n : alcar
Alcarinque n. Jupiter, GloriousSA:aglar
see also: alcarinquaalda n. tree, tengwa #28 SA, Nam,
RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302 and Ap-pendix E.
etymology: GALAD- = treerelated: Dual : Aldu, Gen.Pl. :
aldaronAldalemnar phr. Tree-week
Aother name for Endien - ormid-year’s week.
see also: alda, lemnarAldalome n. Tree-night, Tree-
twilight, name-place LotR2:IIIch. 4
see also: alda, lomeAldaron phr. OromeAldarion n. Son of (the) Trees,
masculine name Appendix A. Al-daron a name of Orome Silm
see also: alda, aldaronAldea n. weekday #4 The fourth
day of the Numenorean week - re-
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22 A
named from Alduya as it refersto Nimloth, wheras the Quenyanweekday referred to the two trees.
see also: alduyaAldu n. tree-pair, two-trees Usu-
ally used to refer specifically to TheTwo trees; seems to occur also inAldudenie ”Lament for the TwoTrees”
see also: alda,alduyaAldudenie phr. Lament for the
Two Trees a strange form, sinceQuenya does not permit intervo-calic d as in this word. Silm
Alduya n. weekday #4 dedicatedto the two Trees Appendix D. Theword seems to include Aldu, a dualform referring to the Two Trees.The Numenoreans altered the nameto Aldea (presumably aldaja), re-ferring to Nimloth - the white treetransported to Numenor.
see also: alda, Aldu, Aldeaalma n. good fortune, weal,
wealthetymology: GALA- = thriverelated: adj : alya
almare ?. blessedness Silm, LR:357Almaren n. Blesed realm The
first abode of the Valar in Arda, ap-parently related to almare ”blessed-ness” Silm, LR:357
almarea adj. blessedetymology: GALA- = thrive
Almariel phr. blessed-one? Femi-nine name
see also: almare, -elalmie ?. bliss
etymology: GALA- = thrivealqua n. swan SA, UT:265
etymology: ALAK = ”rushing”Alqualonde n. Swan-road,
Swanhaven Literally refers to:”swan” + ”narrow, confined place”
etymology: where londe is re-lated to Noldorin aglon which is re-lated to arca
alta, alat- adj. big, large, greatsize great only fits when referringto physical size
etymology: Etym ALATAltariel, Galadriel phr. radi-
ant garlanded maiden, name-fem Radiant maiden crowned witha garland - referring to her hair.SA:kal;
etymology: From alata Alatarielis Telerin
see also: alata, riellealya adj. rich, wealthy, abundant,
prosperous, in-good-health Itseems this word encompasses thetotality of material good-fortune.
etymology: GALA- = thriverelated: n : alma
am- preposition. upsee also: amba
ama adj. blessed, free from evilWJ:399
etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin.
Aman n. the Blessed RealmSA:man
etymology: from the primitveroot man” - ”good, blessed, un-marred”
related: adj : amanya, nominalpl. : Amanyar
amanya adj. of Aman, AmanianWJ:411
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see also: AmanAmanyar nom.pl.. Those of Aman
Elves dwelling there. Also fullerAmaneldi ”Aman-elves” (WJ:373).
see also: AmanAmandil n. Aman-friend Appendix
A, SA:mansee also: Aman
Amarie n. ?goodetymology: perhaps derived
from mara ”good” (Silm)see also: mara
amaurea n. dawn, early day Apoetic word referring to the timeshortly after dawn. For the time of”dawn” itself, use tindome
amba adv. upwardetymology: AMsee also: am-
ambal n. flagstone - shaped stonerelated to malle
etymology: MBAL = streetambalotse phr. uprising-flower
Referring to ”the flower or floreatedevice used as a crest fixed to pointof a tall [illegible word: ?archaic]helmet”. Strangely, the word is as-terisked as unattested (WJ:319)
amban n. hill-side, slope Specifi-cally the upward slope of a hill.
etymology: AMsee also: amba
ambapenda adj. uphill Literally:”up-slope”, refers to soething that is”uphill” of something else eg ”therock was uphill of the coyote” -contrast with ambapende an adjec-tive which refers to the fact thatthe slope goes upward, and withampende a noun referring to anupward-facing slope.
etymology: AMsee also: amba, ampende, pende
ambapende adj. up-sloping Anadjective describing an inclinedplane that has the propensity to goupwards... see ambapenda for acomparative discussion about therelated words.
etymology: AM + PENsee also: ambapenda
Ambar n. Earth, ”the world”Presumably this word denotes earthas the home and dwelling-place ofall of us. I am not sure if italso stretched to earth as a planet(among many). To refer to the uni-verse, use Ea. This word is closelylinked to the meanings ”dwelling”and ”habitation” Please Note: donot use the participle: ”i Ambar”as this is considered invalid for aproper noun such as this.
etymology: MBAR- = todwell/inhabit → a-mbar Taryn -what is the a-?
ambar n. doom, bad fate? possi-bly a variant of umbar? in Turam-bar (SA:amarth)
see also: umbarambartanen instrumental. by doom
(Silm ch. 21, UT:138).Ambarona n. name-place pre-
sumably a variant of AmbaroneLotR2:III ch. 4
see also: AmbaroneAmbarone n. up-rising, sunrise,
Orient, name-place LotR2:III ch.4
etymology: Etymologies entryAM
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Ambarto n. upwards-exalted,name-masc? alteration of Um-barto, mother-name (never used innarrative) of Telufinwe = Amras(PM:353-354)
see also: UmbartoAmbarussa n. top-russet, name-
masc? mother-name (never usedin narrative) of Pityafinwe = AmrodPM:353, 354
see also: am-,russaambo n. hill Markirya
related: allative pl. : ambonnarambonnar all.pl.. upon hills in
Markirya (ruxal’ ambonnar ”uponcrumbling hills”)
see also: amboamil n. mother
etymology: Etym AMsee also: amme, mamil
amilesse n. mothername Thename given to the child by itsmother, sometimes with propheticimplications amilessi tercenye”mother-names of insight” MR:217
etymology: amil (mother) + esse(name)
related:ammale n. yellow-hammer Atype of yellow bird
amme n. mothersee also: amil
amorta- v. heave, up-rise, rise-upetymology: am- (up) + orta-
(rise)see also: am-,amortala,orta-
amortala adv. heaving, up-rising,rising-up a participle occurring inMarkirya, derived from ’amorta-’
see also: amorta-, -laampa n. hook, tengwa #14
etymology: GAP- = hookampano n. building, wooden
hall used especially of woodenbuildings through its relation withthe word pano = shaped wood Taryn- and possibly also ”wooden board”
etymology: ?am- (up/upright)+ pano (shaped wood/woodenboard)
ampende n. upward slope A nounreferring to an upward facing slope.See ambapende for a comparativediscussion between the two adjec-tives related to this word.
etymology: AM+PENrelated: adj : ambapende, am-
bapendasee also: am, ambapenda, am-
bapende, pendean prep. for, since, because Used
when inicating a reason such as ”Irelied on him for he has been loyal”HFs course
an prep. to, towards, at-hand Thisword is related to ana and refers tomovement ”towards”, for examplein the phrase es sorni heruion an!”the Eagles of the Lords are com-ing/at hand” (SD:290), an denotesmotion towards the speaker
etymology: ANAsee also: ana
an- gram. grammar-superlative,very, -est, most-˜Can be usedas superlative = English ”-est”or intensive = English ”very” For example: ’ancalima’ =exceedingly-bright/brightestHFs course
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ana preposition. to, towardsetymology: ANAsee also: an, na
Anamo gen. form?. of doom inRithil-Anamo, q.v.
a-nanta adv. but yet, and yet,however NDAN = back
Anar n. the sun NB the participle -’i Anar’ is never used when refer-ring to Sol. It may be used if youare talking about some other sun (eg’the other sun is red’ or something) -it would then be used uncapitalised:anar ”a sun”. Noe the relation tonare =. ” f
etymology: lrelated: msee also: a
e”etymology: ANAR = sun related
to: NAR = flameAnarinya phr. my Sun FS
see also: anar,ur-anarAnarion n. Sun-son, name-masc
Appendix A.Anardil n. Sun-friend, name-
masc Appendix A.anarore n. sunrise More literally:
”the sun’s rising”etymology: Anar (sun) + ore (a
rising)Anarya n. weekday #2 Dedicated
to the Sun Appendix DAnarrıma n. sun-border,
constellation-unknown nameof a constellation: ”Sun-border”?Silm; cf. LR:383
etymology: stem Risee also: anar, rıma
anc- v. bite This may or may not
be a valid Quenya word. It is,in fact,valid for Sindarin, but theQuenya word would probably bevery similar.
etymology: From ANAK = biteanca n. jaw, tengwa #15 De-
spite its English gloss, anca is asingular word (in Etym the glossis indeed ”jaw”, not ”jaws”). Ap-pendix E, SA. Despite what Christo-pher Tolkien says in this entry, theQuenya word anca as such doesNOT appear in the Sindarin dragon-name Ancalagon, but its Sindarincognate anc does.
etymology: ANAK = bite → an-ka = ”jaw/row of teeth”
related: synonyms : nangwaancalima adj. most bright, bright-
est ”bright” with a superlative orintensive prefix LotR2:IV ch. 9; seeLetters:385 for translation.
see also: calimaAncalime n. Brightest daughter,
name-fem Appendix Asee also: an-,calima
Ancalimon n. Brightest son,name-masc Appendix A
see also: an-,calimaanda adj. long
related: adv : andaveAndafangar phr. Longbeards,
name-group One of the tribes ofthe Dwarves = Khuzdul Sigin-taragand Sindarin Anfangrim PM:320
see also: anda, fanga, -randamunda n. elephant Literally
”long snout”see also: anda, munda
andave adv. long LotR3:VI ch. 4,
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26 A
translated in Letters:308related: adj : anda
ando n. gate, tengwa #5, entranceAppendix E
Andolat phr. hill-name Taryn -Glossed exactly as that.
etymology: NDOL = roundhead/knoll
andon n. gate (great), great-gatesee also: ando
Andorsee also: Andore
Andore n. land of gift, name-place full form of Andor, name ofNumenor (SD:247)
andune, andu- n. sunset,evening Also used poeticallyfor the West (where the sun sets).
etymology: NDU- (set, sink) →ndune = sunset
Andunie n. ”of-the-west” a cityand port on the western coastof Numenor, said to mean ”sun-set”. Apparently a variant form ofandune. Appendix A, Silm, UT:166
etymology: contains primitivendu meaning ”down, from on high”
see also: andu-Anduril phr. Flame of the West,
west-flame, name-obj sword-name (LotR1:II ch. 3)
see also: andu-,rilAndustar n. Westlands, name-
place spec. of Numenor UT:165see also: andu-
anesse n. given (or added) nameencompassing both epessi and ami-lessi (MR:217)
see also: amilessi, epessi
anga n. iron, tengwa #7 (AppendixE, SA, PM:347)
etymology: From ANGA = ironrelated: genitive : angaina = ”of
iron”Angainor phr. name-obj The chain
with which Melkor was bound(Silm)
see also: angaAngamaite n. Iron-handed,
name-masc (Letters:347)see also: anga, -maite
Angarato n. Iron-champion,name-masc Sindarin Angrod(SA:ar(a))
see also: angaAngamanda n. Iron-gaol Sin-
darin Angband - the dungeons be-low thangoridium - dwelling of Mor-goth (MR:350)
see also: anga, mandoAngband This is a Sindarin word...
see also: Angamandoango [angu-] n. snake
etymology: From ANGU = snakerelated: pl : angwi
anguloce n. serpentine-dragonsee also: ango, loce
anna n. gift, tengwa #23etymology: ANA meaning
”to/towards” - refers to action ofgiving as movement towards theother
see also: anta-Annatar phr. Lord of Gifts, Gift-
lord, name-masc name assumedby Sauron when he tried to seducethe Eldar in the Second Age (SA:tar)
see also: anna, Tar-anta n. face
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etymology: From ANA meaning”towards”
anta- v. give, present To present anobject to another
etymology: ANA meaningto/towards
antalto phr. they gave a pl. verbtranslated ”they gave”, though inmature Quenya it would rather bethe present tense ”give” - strangely,no past tense marker seems to bepresent
see also: -ltoante, anto adj. giver ante is feminine
while anto is masculine. Be care-ful not to confuse this with anto =”mouth”.
etymology: ANA - towardssee also: anta-
anto n. mouth, tengwa #13 (Ap-pendix E)
anwa adj. real, actual, true Relatedto the copula na, meaning existance
etymology: ANAanwe v (tr). gone (went away),
went, went away (arch) archaicpast tense of auta-, q.v. (WJ:365),now replaced by vane
etymology: auta-, vanerelated:
apa preposition. after Variant ep- inepesse.
apacen n. foresight, after-sightThe literal meaning of apacen is”after-sight”, sc. knowledge of thatwhich comes after.
see also: apacenye, tercenapacenye phr. of foresight is trans-
lated ”foresight” in MR:216; yet thecontext and the form of the word
itself clearly indicates that it is ac-tually the pl. form of an adjec-tive apacenya ”of foresight”. [Essi]apacenye ”[names] of foresight”,prophetic names given to a child byits mother (MR:216)
see also: apa-,cen-,-yaApanonar phr. the After-born,
Mortal Men, name-group anElvish name of Mortal Men as theSecond-born of Iluvatar (WJ:387)
see also: apa-, Minnonar, nonaapsa n. cooked food, meat
etymology: From AP = cookedfood/meat
aqua adv. fully, completely, alto-gether, wholly (WJ:392)
ar conj. andetymology: From AR = ”beside”
ara, ar- preposition. outside, be-side This is purely local in sense(something is outside of where youcurrently are) rather than a priva-tive sense of ”no longer contains”such as is used in the word avanotewhich means ”without reckoning”
etymology: From AR = outsidesee also: ava
Ara-,ar- adj. noble In Aracano con-trast with Arna
see also: aran, arnaara n. dawn
etymology: From AR = dayAracano n. high chieftain, noble
cheiftan, name-masc moth-ername amilesse of Fingolfin(PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwe ”Fi-narfin” (MR:230)
aran n. king Taryn - lit ”noble-me”(WJ:369)
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related: gen.pl. : aranionAran Meletyalda phr. king your
mighty, your majestyrelated:
aranel n. princessaranion gen. pl.. of kings in asea
aranionsee also: aran
aranya phr. my king (aran + nya)(UT:193).
see also: aran, -nyaarandil n. king’s friend, royalist
(Letters:386)see also: aran, -dil
Arantar n. King-Lord, name-masc (Appendix A)
etymology: aran, -tarrelated:
Arandor n. Kingsland (UT:165)see also: aran, -dor
aranel n. princess (UT:434)Taryn - is’el’ thus a diminutive? or a feminine-suffix?
see also: aran, -el?Aranwe n. Kingly Person, name-
masc (Silm)etymology: aran, -werelated:
Aratan n. Noble Atan, no-ble Man (mortal), name-masc(Silm) Taryn - this word seems to stemfrom ara- = noble + atan = Man. analternative might be ara- = noble + -tan = maker which might have a spe-cific meaning (such as one who prformscoronations?)
see also: ara-, AtanAratar n. the Supreme, noble-
high the chief Valar translation ofthe foreign word Mahani adopted
and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402).see also: ara-,-tar
Aratarya n. her sublimity VardaAratarya ”Varda the lofty, Varda inher sublimity” (WJ:369)
see also: ara-,-tararato n. champion, eminent man,
hero? (SA:ar(a))arca adj. narrow, confined
etymology: Etym AKArcirya n. Royal ship
etymology: ara-,ciryarelated:
Arciryas n. royal ship-something?, name-masc masc.name (evidently derived fromarcirya ”royal ship”) (Appendix A)
see also: arciryaArda n. realm, Earth, region,
domain, tengwa #26 It is saidthat arda ”meant any more or lessbounded or defined place, a region”(WJ:402 cf. 413), also once translatedas ”Earth” (SD:246) = the kingdon ofArda. Also name of tengwa 26 (Ap-pendix E).
etymology: GAR- = have/ownrelated:
Ardamıre phr. World-jewel,Masculine name Literally”world-jewel”, but could also mean”jewel of the world” (PM:348)
see also: arda,mireare, are, -re n. day, sun-
light, tengwa #31 (PM:127) WRTtengwa 31, it was originally pro-nounced aze. When z merged withr, the letter became superfluous andwas given the new value ss, henceit was re-named esse (Appendix E).
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Also are nuquerna ”are reversed”,name of tengwa 32, similar to nor-mal are but turned upside down(Appendix E)
etymology: From AR = daysee also: esse
are nuquerna n. are reversed,tengwa #32
see also: areArfanyaras, Arfanyarasse n. a
”variant or close equivalent” ofTaniquetil (WJ:403) Taryn - need tofind out what this means
see also: Taniquetilarie n. daytime
etymology: From AR = dayArien n. sun-maiden, name-fem,
name-maia The Maia of the sun(Silm) Taryn - lit. ”day-is-me”? day-maiden?
etymology: From AR = daysee also: are, Maia
arin n. morningetymology: From AR = day
arinya n. morning (early)etymology: From AR = day
armar n (pl). goods, effects Only re-ally makes sense in the plural sense- these are obviously the end-resultof neutral ownership. If a reason-able value is placed on the ownedobjects, they would be more likelyto be referred to with harwe
etymology: GAR = ownsee also: harwe
Armenelos phr. royal heavencity?, name-place City of theKings in Numenor ar-menel-os”royal-heaven-city” or even ”day-heaven-city”
see also: ara-, are, menel, ostoarna adj. royal Taryn - guessed from
Arnan or e contrast with ara-Arnanore, Arnanor, Arnor n.
Royal Land (Letters:428)see also: arna,nore
arquen n. noble, noble-one(WJ:372)
see also: ara-, quenarta n. fort, fortress Taryn - Is this
valid? how does it relate to osto ?etymology: GARAT- = fort
arta adj. exalted, lofty (PM:354)Artaher, Artaher n. noble lord,
exhalted-one, name-masc (Sin-darin Arothir) (PM:346)
Artamir phr. Noble jewel, name-masc (Appendix A)
see also: arta, mırearwa-, -arwa preposition. having,
with Usually followed by the geni-tive, this is a general word referringto the possessing or in control ofsomething. eg arwanyet = ”I haveit” or ”I control it”. It is also used insuffix-form (eg aldarwa, Literally:”trees-having”) to indicate posses-sion of a noun.
etymology: GAR = ownarya n. day (12hrs) This refers to the
hours of ”day” or the 12 daylighthours. Day, as opposed to night,rather than the 24hr period, whichseems to be what are or ere
etymology: From AR = daysee also: are, ere
Aryante n. day-bringer, day-giver, name-? More literally”day-giver”
etymology: Composed of ari-
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30 A
(from primitive AR) = ”day” + ante= ”giver”
see also: ante, ariearyon n. heir Taryn - Not sure what
functional difference there is betweenthis version of heir and haryon . Theroot ΞAR, semms to have a stronger”valued” ssociation than GAR (the rootfor this version), but I don’t know if thismakes any difference.
see also: haryonasar n. fixed time, festival
etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)
asea aranion phr. kingsfoil, athe-las lit. ”asea [foil?] of kings”(LotR3:V ch. 8)
see also: aranassa n. hole, mouth, perforation,
opening Any form of openingetymology: GAS- = to
yawn/gapesee also: cuma
asta n. month Introduced in theNumenorian calendar, the year wassplit into 12 such months, 10 iof 30days and 2 of 31. (Appendix D)
Astaldo adv. the Valiant a title ofTulkas (Silm)
asto n. dustetymology: From AS-AT
ata adv. againetymology: From AT(AT) = again
ata-, at- v. back (again), re- Some-thing that has returned.
etymology: From AT(AT) =again, back
atalante n. ruin, collapse, down-fall
atalantea adj. ruinous, ru-
ined, downfallen, destroyedMarkirya
atalta- v. collapse, fall in, falldown LR:390
etymology: ATALAT from TA-LAT became primitive atalta
related: sg. adj : atalantea, pastpl. adj. : atalantie
see also: talta-Atalante n. the Downfallen,
name-group name of the sunkenNumenor (Akallabeth, SD:247, 310;also LR:47).
see also: ataltaAtan n. Man, humanity, the Sec-
ond Folk, Mortal Man, name-group An Elvish name of MortalMen, the Second-born of Iluvatar- in Sindarin they were Edain orDunedain
related: pl. : Atanisee also: Nunatani
Atanamir phr. Man-jewel?,name-masc (Appendix A).
etymology: Atan,mırerelated:
Atanatar n. Father of Men,name-masc a name, but also com-mon noun atanatar, pl. Atanatari,”Fathers of Men”, a title that ”prop-erly belonged only to the leadersand chieftains of the peoples at thetime of their entry into Beleriand”(PM:324, SA:atar)
see also: Atan, atarataque n. construction, buildingatar n. father (SA; WJ:402, UT:193)
Atarinya ”my father” (LR:70).Diminutive Atarince ”Little fa-ther”, mother-name (never used in
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31
narrative) of Curufinwe = Curufin(PM:353)
etymology: From ATA = fatherrelated: poss. : Atarinya, Dim. :
Atarincesee also: atto
atendea pl. n. double-middlename of the two enderi or middle-days that occurred in leap-years ac-cording to the calendar of Imladris(Appendix D, first edition of LotR)
see also: atta, endeaatsa- v. catch, hook, claw The act
of catching something in a hook-shaped object. Taryn - I wonder howit relates to ampa
etymology: GAT- = ”catch”?see also: ampa
atta, at-, -t n twoetymology: (Letters:427), techni-
cally -t is specifically the dual-formending for a word. Ordinal two istatya = ”second”
related: -t, tatyasee also: From AT(AT) = again
adj? : atwa = ”double”Attalya n. Bipeds, two-you in plu-
ral form: Attalyar = Petty-dwarves(from Sindarin Tad-dail) (WJ:389)
related:atto n. daddy Hypocoristic/petname for a father (LR:59)
see also: from ATAatwa adj. double
etymology: From AT(AT) = againrelated: cardinal : atta = ”two”see also: atta
au- verbal prefix. off, away as in ’tocut off’ or ’to send away’ contrastwith ho- - especially between auciriand hociri
see also: auciri, ho-auciri v (tr). cut off so as to get rid
of or lose a portion; contrast withhociri (WJ:365, 368)
see also: hociriaule n. invention An innovative ob-
ject created by someone. Related toauta- = ”invent”
etymology: GAWA- or GOWO- =”contrive, devise
see also: auta-Aule n. invention This is the Vala of
Earth, also called Martanetymology: Adopted and
adapted from Valarin (WJ:399)Aulendur phr. Servant of Aule
applied especially to those persons,or families, among the Noldor whoactually entered Aule’s service andin return received instruction fromhim (PM:366)
aure n. sunlight, day (SA:ur) com-pare with are
related: loc. : auressesee also: are
auresse phr. in (the) morning inMarkirya
see also: aure, -sseAureldi name-group = Oarel,
”Elves that departed from Beleriandto Aman” (while the Sindar stayedthere) (WJ:363)
etymology: The Vanyarin (origi-nal) form is Auzeldi (WJ:374)
auta- v. invent, originate, de-vise The act of invention, related toaule. not to be confused with the theother meaning of auta- = ”to passfrom mind”
etymology: GAWA- or GOWO- =think-out, devise, contrive
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see also: aule, Auleauta- v. pass HFs course
related: past tense : oanteauta- v (tr). go away (mental),
leaves (from thought/mind),passes away leave the point ofthe speaker’s thought; for exampleAuta i lome!, literally ”Passes thenight”, but translated ”the night ispassing!” in the Silmarillion ch. 20.Old ”strong” past tense anwe, usu-ally replaced by vane. Please note,this is only for such things passingfrom mind or thought. When themeaning is purely physical ”wentaway (to another place)” words re-lating to oante are used.
related:see also: past tense: vane, past
part. : vanwaava, au-, ava- prep. out-side, without Refers to some-thing that is not included in some-thing... something that is with-out something - this is a so-called”privative sense”. eg avanote =”without reckoning”. This shouldnot be confused in meaning withara which refers to something thatis ”outside” of something else, butmore of a physical sense (eg ”thecat was outside”). Can also be usedin an adjectival sense, eg avalone =”outer island”
etymology: From AWA =away/out
ava, ava neg verb?. Don’t, do notis the verb do in a negative, presenttense form. This is not the imper-ative form eg, a shouted: ”don’t!”,
which is better just as ”va”. The lat-ter spelling has the word stressed onthe final syllable Taryn - this is non-standard for quenya and might easilybe mistaken for the other forms of ava. For example ava care! (”kare”)”don’t do it” (WJ:371), contrast withuva - which is more for ”shall not”and may possibly be usable as a fu-ture tense negative : ”will not do”?Taryn - some of this reasoning may beiffy, the original just said ”don’t” as themeaning for this word... and also forva, uva, avan and many other words...I have tried to separate out the differenttypes of ”don’t”, if I’ve stuffed up, pleasefeel free to tell me :)
see also: avan, uva, vaava- v. refuse, prohibit, for-
bid, preclude?, revoke per-mission? (WJ:370)
ava- adj. forbidden (2) pre-fix indicating something forbidden:avaquetima ”not to be said, thatmust not be said”, avanyarima ”notto be told or related” (WJ:370)
Avacuma phr. Exterior void be-yond the world, name-placeTaryn - not sure exactly what this refersto, but obviously it’s something from thecreation myths
see also: ava, cumaAvallone n. near angel-island?,
name-place Haven and city onTol Eressea. In the Akallabeth the cityis said to be so named because it is”of all cities the nearest to Valinor”,but the etymology is not further ex-plained. Taryn - a-val-lone ?[a]-angel-island? NB, I don’t think it is realted to
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ava- in any waysee also: Lona
Avamanyar n. refused Amanto go?, name-group Elves thatrefused to go to Aman (= Avari)(WJ:370) Taryn - an alternative mightbe: av- = refuse + amanyar = the Amanpeople
avan I won’t, I will not do, Idon’t Taryn - lit. ”I don’t”? - possi-bly better translated ”I will not do” (alsovan, vanye)
see also: avaavaquet- v. refuse, forbid Taryn - I
presume the differenc between this andava- is that this is a verbal refusal or aninstance of ”this is my word!”
see also: ava-, quet-avar, avaro n. recusant, dissenter,
non-conformist one who refusesto act as advised or commanded;Avari(pl.) were the Elves that re-fused to join in the westward marchto Aman (WJ:371)
Avasar n. name-place name of theland between the southern Peloriand the Sea, where Ungoliant dwelt
etymology: said to be ”notElvish” in WJ:404 and must bethought of as an adaption fromValarin; on the other hand, MR:284states that it is ”ancient Quenya”and offers the interpretation ”TheShadows”. Whatever the case, itmust have become Avasar in Ex-ilic Quenya.Taryn - can’t yet figure outany etymological equivalent, the currentword for shadow is huine - derived fromPHUY- which has no seeming relp tothis stuff - but it seems to have the word”avas” to mean shadow
aya n. awe (PM:363)
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caila n. sickness, bed-ridden-ness The situation of being abeddue to illness
see also: caimacaima n. bed
etymology: KAY = lie downcaimasan n. bed-room -san is a
shortened version of samberelated: pl : caimasambisee also: caima, sambe
caimasse adj. bedridden, sick,abed Generally used to refer tosomeone that has taken to bed outof illness, but is not literally so.
see also: caima, -ssecainen n. ten Cardinal ten
etymology: KAYAN = tencaita- v. lie, lies, rest upon as
in rest upon, not as in a falsehoodFor example: Sindanoriello caitamornie ”out of a grey land darknesslies”. (Nam, RGEO:67)
etymology: KAY- = lie downcal- v. shine, give-light This refers
to ”to light” in it’s most genericform. Taryn - How does this differfrom calya ? If you wish to refer to”a light”, use calma, or to refer to”light” (as in something that comesout of ”a light”), use cala. To referto something as light in the adjecti-val sense, use calina. Also comparewith the more specific variant: sil-
which refers only to white or silver,gleaming light.
etymology: KAL- = shinerelated: n : cala, adj: calima, syn-
onym : sil-see also: cale, calima, calya-, sil-
cala n. light This is light in it’s generalform, as in the stuff that comes outof lights. If you wish to refer to ”alight” (eg a lamp), then use calma
etymology: KAL- = shinesee also: cal-, calma
Calacilya, Calacilyan phr. light-cleft, name-place lit. shining-cleft Taryn - also spelt Calacirya, butthis would be more like shining-ship, ofcourse cirya also derives from cilya, soperhaps it is closer to shining cleaver?Etymologies has it as Calacilya , andthus i have kept it here Calaciryanis ”the Cleft of Light”, the passin the Pelori, apparently a vari-ant of Calacirya (WJ:403, SA:kal-, kir-). This the great ravine inthe mountains of Valinor, the pas-sage leading from Valmar to the re-gion where the Teleri lived. Gen-itive Calaciryo in Namarie (Nam,RGEO:67), Calaciryande is ”the re-gion of Eldamar (Elvenhome) inand near the entrance to the ravine,where the Light was brighter andthe land more beautiful” (RGEO:70)
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see also: cala, cirya, cilyaCalamandos phr. Light Mandos
Another name for Manwe - wherethe stem MAN (spirit) is used forthuis alternative, positive version ofMandos (otherwise used of the darkVala known as Mandosse). The op-posite of this word is Morimandoswhich does refer to the other Valamore generally known as Mandos.
etymology: Cala- (light) + MAN(spirit)
related: Antonym : Morimandossee also: cala-, Mandos, Mori-
mandoscalarus n. burnished-copper,
polished-copper Literally ”shin-ing copper”
see also: cal-, ruscalarya adj. brilliant With lots of
light Taryn - I am uncertain of the et-ymology, but it seems to be: calar =”lights” - -ya = ”belonging to”
see also: cala, -r, -yaCalaquendi n. Elves of the Light,
Light-elves Taryn - So which groupis this? (I think they’re listed inEtym - I’ll get to these names ofgroups when I’m through with the gen-eral words) (SA:kal-, SA:quen-/quet-,WJ:361, WJ:373)
see also: cal-,quendecalima adj. bright seems to incorpo-
rate the verb-form ’cal-’ HFs courseetymology: cal-related:see also: synonym : calina
Calimehtar phr. BrightSwordsman, masculine name(Appendix A) Taryn - interesting given
that the word for sword appears to bemacil and the word for swordsman isattested as macar , but then ”warrior” isohtar - perhaps there’s a relationshipthere.
see also: cal-, macar, macil,mehtar, ohtar
Calimmacil, Calmacil phr. BrightSword, masculine name Taryn -I would suggest the extra m in the firstspelling is to keep it as derived from:Cal- macil and to distinguish this fromCalaima-cil which might get mixed upwith Calima-sil which would be as re-dundant as it is incorrect (Appendix A)
see also: calima, macilcalina adj. light This word refers
to something that has the propertyof being light. Not int he sense ofweighing less, or even of being palein colour, but in giving forth lightTaryn - I think. Taryn - I speculatethat the diff between this as calima isthat ”bright” can refer to reflected light,whereas light refers only to light givenoff by the object itself...
etymology: KAL- = shinerelated: synonym : calimasee also: cal-, calima
Calion, Tar-Calion of lights, Nameof king. The Quenya name ofAr-Pharazon = ”the Golden”;(Silm)
etymology: cal-, -on, tar-related:
callo n. hero, noble-man Thisdoesn’t refer to a ”noble” (as inthe aristocracy) but of someonepure of heart and noble in nature.Etym:KAL-
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etymology: The word is com-pounded of cal- = shine + -ro = he
see also: cal-calma n. lamp, tengwa #3,
lantern? This the equivalent ofsaying ”a light” which makes it theother noun-form of the verb cal-.”light” as a noun can refer also tothe stuff that comes out of ”a light”,and that is referred to as simply:cala
related: synonym : calasee also: cal-, cala
calmatema n. k-series of the teng-war (Appendix E) lit. ”lamp-series”but possibly better described as a se-ries of objects that are light (a lampbeing an object of light). Contrastthis with Sardi Tengwe which lit-erally means signs that are stones...but refers to heavy sounds. I findthis an interesting correlation in thatthe properties of an abstract con-struct (a sound or series of sounds)is described by a real-life object thathas a similar aspect
see also: calma, temacalpa n. water vessel This word is
not elaborated on. Given the sur-rounding words, it appears to bea generic word for any vessel thatholds water.
etymology: KALPA = water ves-sel
see also: calpa-calpa- v. draw water, scoop out,
bale out A general word refer-ring to the act of drawing out ofa liquid. Obviously related to thegeneric word for water vessel: calpa
etymology: KALPA = water ves-sel
see also: calpashineYet another ilght-related word,
this one means to shine with light.Taryn - I postulate that this differs fromthe others this way: cal- means to giveoff any sort of light in any sort of way- it is the generic word and can beused transitively or intransitively. calya-means to specifically give light to an-other object, whereas this word meansto give off a goodly amount of light onits own. KAL- = shinecal-, calya-
calya- v. illuminate Taryn - This is in-teresting, it seems there are two sim-ilar verbs here: cal- to shine (seem-ingly the light comes from the object)and calya- to illuminate (to shed lightupon). Obvisouly my interpretation isdubious, but it seems that the ending -ya may turn the verb ”shine” (which canbe intransitive or transitive) into one thatis purely transitive... of course I mayhave mistaken what the difference is.perhaps the difference is that one thelight comes from the important objectand the other the light goes to the im-portant object... need more grammar!
etymology: from KAL-see also: cal-
cambe n. palm, hollow-of-handRefers to the hollow of the hand -and perhaps simply an open hand
etymology: KAM = hollowCanafinwe n. skilled-
commander, name-masclit. ”commands-skilled”. HisSindarin name was Maglor (seeMacalaure). Short Quenya nameCano. (PM:352).
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see also: can-, finwecane adj. valour Taryn - This set of
words is interesting given that there isalso the set related to verya- from BER-. I wonder if one or the other is invalid,or if there is a fine distinction not madeclear by JRRT. the thing I find interest-ing is that KAN = ”to dare” and BER= ”valiant” and yet cane = ”valour” andverya = ”to dare”
etymology: KAN- = to daresee also: verya-
cano n. commander, cheiftan,name-masc This is one nounedversion of the verb can-, indicat-ing the person performing the or-dering (contrast with canwa). Itis usually as the title of a lesserchief, especially one acting as thedeputy of one higher in rank(PM:345, SA:kano; PM:362 indicatesthat cano originially meant ”crier, her-ald”); ”ruler, governor, chieftain”(UT:400)Masc. name Cano, seeCanafinwe
see also: can-can- v. order(v), command(v),
demand(v) demand is only ap-propriate of an object (PM:361-362)
related: noun : cano (orderer),noun : canwa (an order)
canta n. four cardinal fouretymology: KANAT = four
canta adj. shaped, fashioned Asboth ”acted upon to trun into ashape”, but also used qualitatively,eg lassecanta = ”leaf-shaped”
etymology: KAT- = to shapesee also: canta-
canta- v. shape, fashion To molda creation into a certain shape or de-
sign. Contrast with car- = ”to make”etymology: KAT- = to shape
canwa n. announcement, or-der(n), command(n) this is an-other noun-form of can-, indicatingthe result of the verb compare withcano. (PM:362)
see also: can-canya adj. bold Taryn - see notes in
cane for discussion of diff betw this andthe verya- series of similar meaning
etymology: KAN- = to daresee also: cane, verya-
cap- v. jump, leapetymology: KAP- = leap
car [card-] n. building, houseTaryn - presumably something physicalthat’s been ”made”
etymology: KAR- = make/buildcar- v. make, build, construct,
form? To mak something physical.etymology: KAR- = make/buildrelated:see also: past participle (adj) :
carnacar [cas-] n. head As in the roundbit on top of a body.
etymology: KAS = headcaracse, caraxe n. teeth (jagged)
A row of jagged teeth.etymology: KARAK = sharp fangsee also: carcane
carca n. fang, spike, sharptooth Markirya, there translated”rocks”, evidently referring tosharp, pointed rocks.
etymology: KARAK = fang,sharp tooth, spike
related: synonyms : neletsee also: carcane
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carcane n. teeth/fangs A row ofsharp teeth or fangs.
etymology: KARAK- = sharpfang
see also: carcacarma n. helmet Taryn - Seems to be
related ot the word car = head, but whatis the semantic difference between thisand cassa ?
see also: cassaCarme n. art (UT:459) Taryn - is this art
= ”doing artistic stuff” or art = ”the art ofX” (any skill)?
carna adj. built, made in Vincarna”newly-made” (MR:408). Carnawould seem to be the past partici-ple of car-. This should not be con-fused with the past tense of make- carne eg ”he made it yesterday”,this word is of the form: ”the househas been built/made”
carne adj. red Not to be confusedwith the past tense of car-, note theshort a as differentiator.
etymology: KARAN → karani =red
Carnil n. Mars Taryn - lit. red one?- the ending -il seems to occur in thiscontext also for luinil = blue-planetname of a star (or planet), identifiedwith Mars (MR:435)
see also: carne, -ilCarnimırie n. rowan, Red-
jewelled The rowan-tree in Quick-beam’s song LotR2:III ch. 4, alsotranslated ”with adornment of redjewels” (Letters:224; where the reading”carnemırie” occurs)
related: synonyms : lassemista,orofarne
see also: carne, mıreCarnistir phr. red-face, name-
masc mother-name (never used innarrative) of Morifinwe = Caranthir(PM:353) Taryn - still looking for thatreference to ”face” = ?stir?
see also: carne, stirCasar n. Dwarf
see also: Adapted fromDwarvish Khazad
Casarrondo phr. dwarf-vaultsA vaulted hall belonging to thedwarves = Moria or Khazad-dum(WJ:388, 389)
see also: casar, rondocassa n. helmet Taryn - Obviously this
is a head-thing or a head-protector orsomething like that, as the word car(head) has as it’s stem-from ”cas-”; butI haven’t yet been able to identify what”-sa” came from (it looks like it’s beensubject to assimilation). I also don’tknow the semantic difference betweenthis and carma
see also: car, carmaCastamir phr. name-masc,
casta[?]-jewel (Appendix A)cel- v. stream, flow, run To issue
forth and go from a place - usuallyused of water as in celume
etymology: KEL- = go/run (ofwater)
celma n. channel Obviously relatedto celume = ”a stream or flow”
etymology: KEL- = go/run (ofwater)
see also: celumecelume n. stream, flow
etymology: KEL- = go/run (ofwater)
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see also: cel-celva n. animal Generally used in the
plural to refer to ”living things thatmove” (Silm) - ie the animal king-don in general
cemen, cen n. earth, soil This wordrefers to earth (as in the floor be-neath menel, the heavens (SA)) butmainly to ”earth” as in the soil be-neath the feet. Taryn - Etym:KEM alsolists cen in this entry, but doesn’t list thedifference (or similarity). I postulate thatit is a quick, shortened form of hte word
etymology: KEM = soil/earthrelated: adj : cemina
Cementari phr. Earth-Queen Titleof Yavanna
see also: cemen, tariCemendur phr. Earth-servant,
masculine name (Appendix A)see also: cemen, -dur
cemina adj. earthen, earthy, of-earth
etymology: cemen, =inarelated:see also: n : cemen
cemnaro, centano n. potterTaryn - seems to be ”earth-smith”, butI can’t precisely figure out the final part.I postulate -tar which seems to mean”maker” of a sort.
see also: cemen, tarocen- v. see, behold, heed, under-
stand? Markiryasee also: cen
cen n. sight, understanding asthe final element of some nouns (egapacen, tercen) Taryn - possibly simi-lar to the Scots word: eg ”within mortalken”?
cenda- v. read, watch-closely re-lated to cen-, but do not confuse”watch closely” with tir- - which iscloser to ”being on watch”
see also: cen-, tir-centa n. communication, en-
quiry, essay osanwe-centa ”Com-munication of Thought”, an ap-pendix to Pengolodh’s Lammas or”Account of Tongues” (MR:415)
Cermie n. July, month #7 (Ap-pendix D)Taryn - trans? ? of runes???of earth?
certa n. runeetymology: adapted from Sin-
darin certh (an inherited Quenyaform of primitive kirte would havebeen cirte). (WJ:396)
cil- v. divide Taryn - I have assumedthis word from the base stem. It wasnot listed in etymologies.
etymology: KIL- = dividesee also: cilya
cilma-? v. choose Taryn - guessedfrom cilm e → not sure if it has the ma-ending rather than just a- or even noending...
cilme n. choosing isolated fromEssecilme ”name-choosing”,q.v.(MR:214)
cilmesse phr. choice-name, self-name Literally names of personalchoice (PM:339) (cilme + essi, hence”choice-names”)
see also: cilme, essecilya n. chasm, cleft, gorge, nar-
row pass Something or somwherethat was divided.
etymology: KIL- = to dividecıra- v. sail, ”cut the waves” Ap-
parently the continuative stem of
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cir-, then made idiomatically intosail Markirya
see also: cir-, ciryacir- v. cut, cleave
etymology: KIR- unattestedin Etym, but listed in SA as”cut/cleave” - obviously realted toKIL- = ”divide”
related: synonyms : rista-circa n. sickle Taryn - I presume the
etymology directly means ”cutting cres-cent”
etymology: KIRIK - not de-scribed, but KIR- = cut/cleave
cirince n. bird-species? pl. cir-inci (as species). A species of birds,”no bigger than wrens, but all scar-let, with piping voices on the edgeof human hearing” (UT:169). Taryn- possibly means ”little-cut” - either re-ferring to the red chest or to the high-pitched chirrup?
see also: cir-,incecirisse n. slash, gash
etymology: KIRIS- = cutrelated: synonyms : rista
cirya n. ship Refers to a sharp-prowed ship and is related to cirya-= ”divide”. It seems to mean”cut/cleave” in the sense of a shipcutting siwftly through water - inthe same vein as the English ship,the ”cutter”. SA:kir-. The more gen-eral form for the word boat is lunte.
etymology: KIR- unattestedin Etym, but listed in SA as”cut/cleave” - obviously realted toKIL- = ”divide”
related: synonyms : lunteCiryaher n. Ship’s-master, mas-
culine name I presume this worksfor the captain of a ship.(AppendixA)
see also: cirya, her-Ciryandil n. Ship-friend, mascu-
line name (Appendix A)see also: cirya, -dil
ciryaquen n. ship-man, sailorsee also: cirya, quen
Ciryatan n. Ship-builder, mascu-line name (Appendix A)
see also: cirya, -tanciryamo n. mariner Indis i-
Ciryamo ”the Mariner’s Wife”(UT:8) Taryn - The specific differencebetween this and ciryaquen is able tobe pointed out in quenya, but not sureif I can grasp any significance... -quenmakes it into ”ship-person”, whereas-mo is of agential significance, so”ship-doer, ”ship-agent” or somethinglike that. The difference I would pointout is that a sailor belongs to the ship,whereas the mariner - the ship belongsto them.
see also: cirya, -moCiryon phr. ”From a ship”, mas-
culine name Isildur’s sonsee also: cirya, -on
coa n. house Note that this refersto the place you live inside of -rather than a word for family/clan= nosse(WJ:369)
coacalina n. light of the house,soul a metaphor for the soul [fea]dwelling inside the body [hroa](MR:250)
see also: coa,cal-coi- v. live Taryn - a guessed, and prob-
ably wrong verion of live - but it is used
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in this shorthand in coimascoimas n. life-bread = Sindarin
lembas (SA:cuivie, PM:395); coimasEldaron ”the coimas of the Eldar”(PM:395)
see also: coi-, massacoire n. stirring, spring (early),
living?, quickening? In the cal-endar of Imladris a precisely de-fined period of 54 days (AppendixD), but translated ”the first day ofSpring” in the Silmarillion Appendix(SA:cuivie)
see also: coi-coirea adj. living coirea quenya ”liv-
ing speech” (PM:399) Contrast withcuina
see also: coi-, cuinacol- v. bear as in to carry
related: pres participle: colila?colindo n. bearer in cormacolindor
= ”ring bearer”see also: col-
colla adj. borne, worn also usedas a noun = ”vestment, cloak”(MR:385). Variant form collo”cloak” (SA:thin(d) ) in the nameSindicollo (q.v.), sc. colla with amasculine ending.
see also: col-cor, cor- adj. round, circular Of-
ten used in prefix form, eg coranar= ”sun-round”
etymology: KOR- = roundcoranar n. year, ”round the sun”
lit. ”round-sun” = solar year Ap-pendix D. A single year as observedastronomically, but a year is usu-ally referred to as loa when sea-sonal/vegetational cycles are con-
cerned.see also: anar, cor-, loa
corco n. crow Compare with quacoetymology: KORKA = crowsee also: quaco
corin n. circular enclosure, ringetymology: KOR- = round
corma n. ring, circle? In corma-colindo ”Ring-bearer” (LotR3:VI ch.4, translated in Letters:308) Taryn - butwhat sense of ring is this? does it re-fer to an actual metal object to put onyour finger, or does it refer to a physi-cal item of encirclement (a la corin ). Isthere significance in -ma being like ma= hand? or is it a primitive suffix (oneof the many -a endings I haven’t eyt fig-ured out?)
see also: cor-Cormallen phr. golden circle The
field of Cormallen was named afterthe culumalda trees that grew there
see also: corma, malta, nen?Cormare n. Ringday a festival held
on Yavannie 30 in honour of Frodo(Appendix D)
see also: corma, arecorna adj. round, globed
etymology: KOR- = roundCorollaire
etymology: Coron Oiolairerelated:
corominde n. cupola, dome Arounded dome forming, or adorn-ing a roof. Taryn - Literally ”roundedtower”?
see also: coron, mindecoron n. rounded mound, globe,
ball ”globe” is more corectly whatthis word is for, but it is also used
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of a rounded mound. Comparewith hahta which is just any pile ormound
see also: cor, hahtaCoron Oiolaire phr. mound-of-
eversummer, name-place theMound of Eversummer where theTwo Trees grew. Also contractedCorollaire (WJ:401)
see also: coron, laire, oiocosta- v. quarrel, strive, battle
etymology: KOTH- (strive, quar-rel)→ (kot-t) = quarrel
related: n : ohtacotumo n. enemy Obviously the
other party in a quarrel/battle (re-lated to costa- = quarrel/battle)
etymology: KOTH- = quar-rel/strive
see also: costa-, ohtacotya adj. hostile Taryn - possibly could
also be used for ”quarrelsome”etymology: KOTH- = quar-
rel/strivesee also: costa-
cu, cua n. dove Taryn - Etymology isuncertain due to lack of base stem.
etymology: KU- (not described)→ kukuwa = dove
cu n. bow, arc, crescent, archRefers to the curved shape of any-thing bow-shaped, just as with En-glishi. The name of the weaponused for shooting, however, isquinga
etymology: KUΞ (bow)→ kuw =bow
see also: quingacuile n. life, being alive Taryn - No
idea how this relates to coir ea, perhaps
this is more correctly ”life” wheras theother is the ”quickening”
etymology: KUY- = come to liferelated: synonym : coirea
cuina adj. aliveetymology: KUY- = come to liferelated: n : cuile
cuiva- v. wake Taryn - Guessed fromcuiv ea, but could be slightly wrong
cuive n. awakening, a comingto life Most aptly described inCuivienen = ”waters of awaken-ing” whihc is where the Elves’ firstcuive occurred
etymology: KUY- = come tolife/wake
cuivea adj. wakeningetymology: KUY- = awake/come
to lifeCuivienen phr. Waters of awak-
ening The place where the Elvesfirst awoke in the world.
see also: cuivea, nencul- adj. golden-red An ar-
chaic/poetic useetymology: KUL- = golden-redrelated: n : cullo
culda adj. flame-coloured,orange-red Taryn - The exactdifference between culda and culina isnot specified in the Etym entry
etymology: KUL- = orange-redrelated: synonym : culina
culina adj. flame-coloured,orange-red Taryn - The exactdifference between culda and culina isnot specified in the Etym entry
etymology: KUL- = orange-redrelated: synonym : culda
cullo n. red-gold An archaic/poetic
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useetymology: KUL- = golden redsee also: malta
culuina adj. orange The colour only- the fruit is culuma
etymology: KUL- = golden-redculuma n. orange As in the fruit
rather than the colour (which is cu-luina)
etymology: KUL- = golden-redculumalda n. Red-orange tree
Taryn - not sure which tree this refers toThe Field of Cormallen was namedafter these trees (which grew there)
see also: alda, culumaCulurien phr. Laurelin Another
name of Laurelin; (Silm; LR:365)Taryn - not sure about the Etymologyof this one... obviously contains cul- =golden, but what is ”rien” from? Also, isthe cul- the older version (ie the earlierconstruction from Tolkien) which meantsimply ”gold” (whereas now it means”golden-red”)?
etymology: KUL- = ”golden-red”cuma n. The Void, void This refers
to the absence of everything. For”a void” (simply as an empty thing)use lusta
etymology: KUM = voidrelated: prep : cumna, synonyms
: lustacumbe n. heap, mound Com-
pare with hahta which refers to apile/mound Taryn - I speculate thatthe difference lies in the unrulinesslevel. A pile is an ordered pile of things,whereas a heap is bunch of randomlytossed things, both forming a mound,one orderly, one not
etymology: HUB = pile?
related: sysnonyms : hahta,coron
cumna prep?. emptyetymology: KUM- = voidrelated: n : cuma
cuna adj. bent, curved obivously re-lated to cu- = crescent
related: n : cuna-see also: cu
cuna- v (intr). bend This has beenattested in the intransitive form (ie”I bend”), but we do not knowwhether it can also be transitive (ie”I bend this object”)
related: adj : cunasee also: cu, cuna
cundu n. prince Taryn - The stem isn’tdirectly explained. It means Prince...but there are other words for Prince too.
etymology: KUNDU = princerelated: synonyms : haryon,
ingwecuru n. craft, skill, cunning In
Curufin, Curufinwe, Curunir. (SA)Taryn - this is listed as skill, but also as”cunning” when it comes from Curumo ,but also seems to be specifically basedaround curw e = ”technical skill”... How-ever, curu- is only listed in Etym as aNoldorin form.
see also: curweCurufinwe phr. magic-skill Skill-
ful Finwe Taryn - see curu fora discussion of this , a name ofFeanor (PM:343); also the origin ofthe Sindarin name Curufin; Feanornamed his favourite son after him-self. Short Quenya name Curvo.(PM:352)
see also: curu, finwe
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Curumo n. Cunning One, Saru-man (UT:401)
see also: curu, -moCurvo
etymology: Curufinwerelated:
curwe n. craft, technical skillSpecifically refers to technical skillor ”craft”.
etymology: KUR- = craftsee also: curu
cyerm- v. pray Taryn - guessed fromcyerm e
related: n : cyermecyerme n. prayer isolated from
Erukyerme (UT:166)related: v : cyerm-?
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D
Please note: Quenyan words neverstart with the letter d. Most old d-words changed to l or r. The wordslisted below are used as a suffix incompound words.
-dacil adj. victor Contained in sev-eral masculine names. note: onlyever used in the suffix form asQuenyan words cannot start with d
-dil, -ndil adj. friend This is an end-ing in many names, like Amandil,Earendil; it implies devotion or dis-interested love and may be trans-lated ”friend” (SA:(n)dil); this end-ing is ”describing the attitude of oneto a person, thing, course or occu-pation to which one is devoted forits own sake” (Letters:386) Note: then is inserted where it is mopre eu-phonic to do so - especially wherethe word would have multiple ’d’ or’t’ sounds such as: Eldandil
see also: -durdom- v. fade, dim Taryn - guessed
from timdom e = ”star-fading” and theroot DOMO = faint, dim
etymology: from DOMO = faint,dim
related: synonyms : quel--dol, -ndol adj. head (hill) Often
used of hills or mountains, but alsoused of the actual head, eg in Rus-sandol = ”copper top”
-dor, -ndor n. land ala more-dor,black-land. Silm
see also: nor-duine n. flow, river Refers to
”a flow” - guessed from numeroussources eg Anduine Taryn - currentlyI have no supporting evidence to fig-ure out whether I’ve missed a letter orgrabbed one too many...
-dul adj. dark A shortened version ofnulla - showing the primitive originof the word: NDUL-
etymology: NDUL =dark/dusky/obscure
see also: nulla-dur, -ndur adj. servant, helper?,
loyalist? This is an ending in somenames, like Earendur; as noted byChristopher Tolkien in the Silmar-illion Appendix it has much thesame meaning as -dil ”friend”; yet-dur properly means ”servant of”(SA:(n)dil), ”as one serves a le-gitimate master: cf. Q. arandilking’s friend, royalist, beside aran-dur ’king’s servant, minister’. Butthese often coincide: e.g. Sam’s re-lation to Frodo can be viewed ei-ther as in status -dur, in spirit -dil.”(Letters:286) Note: the n is insertedwhere it is more euphonic to do so- especially where the word wouldhave multiple ’d’ or ’t’ sounds such
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as: Eldanduretymology: NDUR- = bow down,
obeysee also: -dil
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E
e ?. indeed? unidentified word in thesentence e man antavaro? (LR:63),”what will he give indeed?” It maybe an adverbial particle ”indeed”;on the other hand, one very early”Qenya” text may suggest that itis the pronoun ”he”, though ”he”is also expressed as the ending -ro:”He - what will he give?”
-e gram. grammar-pluralisation-adjectives-general adjectives,like verbs, must agree with theirnouns in number. An adjectiveusually pluralises by removing thefinal vowel and replacing with -e,unless the adjective already ends in-e (in which case it pluralises in -i)or in -ea (in which case the -ea isremoved and replaced by -ie)
etymology: pluralisation of ad-jectives used to be done by the addi-tion of -i. For example: lantai. Then-ai become -e (thus why we mustremove the a and replace with -e).But and adjective ending with -eawould become -eai - which wouldhave become -ee, thus it became -ie
see also: -i, -ie-e gram. grammar-verbs-aorist-
final The aorist is generally formedin -i, but where it is final, it isformed in -e. It should still beformed in -i if an ending must be ap-
plied.etymology: in primitive elvish,
the aorist was probably formed in -ı which became -e in quenya whenfinal
see also: -iEa n. creation, universe, it is, it
be ”is” in a more absolute sensethan the copula na = ”exists” (CO);Ea ”it is” or ”let it be”, used as anoun for ”All Creation”, the uni-verse (WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote)Taryn - ? the great ”I am”?
-ea gram. grammar-verbs-present-tense a-stem verbsform the present tense by changingthe -a into -ea and lengthening thestem-vowel. This is the equivalantof adding -es or sometimes ”is-ing” to an English verb. eg dobecomes ”does” or ”is doing” →lanta- becomes lantea. Pure verbsfrom present tense in -a
see also: -aeala n. being, spirit spirits whose
natural state it is to exist with-out a physical body, like Balrogs(MR:165), contrast with Vala andMaia
ear n. sea (WJ:413; see Letters:386 foretymology) Ear ”the Great Sea”, ab-lative Earello ”from the Great Sea”,et Earello ”out of the Great Sea”
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(EO)(ear-celumessen is translated”in the flowing sea”, lit. ”in the sea-streams”)
etymology: From AYAR and AIR= sea
Earendil phr. Sea-friend, name-masc SA
see also: ear,-dilEarendil n. Venus Taryn - it was given
in the Elvish volcabulary - but I’m stillnot sure of it
see also: ear,-dilEarenya n. weekday #7 The
Numenoreans inserted this day be-tween Menelya and Valanya asthey loved the sea so much - andthus turned a siz-day week into a 7-day week.
see also: earEarrame phr. Sea-wing, ship
name The name of Tuor’s ship.etymology: ear (sea) + rama
(wing)related:
Earendur phr. Sea-servant,name-masc in effect a variant ofEarendil (Appendix A) Also usedto mean (professional) marine (Let-ters:386).
see also: ear,-durEarwen phr. Sea-maiden, name-
fem (Silm)see also: ear,-wen
Earnil contraction of Earendil (Ap-pendix A)
Earnur contraction of Earendur (Ap-pendix A)
earuile n. seaweed lit. sea-trailingPlant
see also: ear,uile
Eccaia n. outer-ocean name of theouter ocean: for et-gaya? (Silm) Taryn- not sure of this one at all → et is inhere, but gaya isn’t.
ecco n. spearsee also: ehte
ecet n. sword (short and broad)a particular type of short, broad-bladed sword. (UT:284)
ehtar n. spearmanetymology: Etym: EKTE- =
”spear”ehte n. spear Also ecco
etymology: Etym: EKTE- =”spear”
see also: eccoehte n. spear
etymology: EKTE- = ”spear”ehtele n. spring Specifically an issue
of water.etymology: KEL- = ”run’ (of wa-
ter)→ et+kele = ”issue of flowing”ehtyar n. spearman Taryn - does yar
= ”-man”?see also: ehte
ela interjection. behold, look! direct-ing sight to an actually visible object(WJ:362)
elda adj. of the starsrelated:
Elda n. Elf, star-folk one ofthe people of the Stars, high-elf(SA:el, elen), chiefly in the pl Eldar(WJ:362). Gen. pl. Eldaron (WJ:368,PM:395, 402);dative pl.eldain ”forelves”, for Eldar (FS); possessive sg.Eldava ”Elf’s” (WJ:407); possessivepl. Eldaiva (WJ:368), Eldaive gov-erning a plural word (WJ:369). Theword Eldar properly refers to thenon-Avari Elves only.
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related: adj : EldarinEldacar phr. elf-head?, name-
masc Taryn - this was in the cor-pus wordlist - not sure where the headcomes from as it isn’t listed separatelyin teh wordlist... I’ll get back to it (Ap-pendix A)
see also: elda,-car?Eldalambe n. Elven-tongue the
language of the Eldar (WJ:368)see also: elda,lambe
Eldalie n. Elven-folk often usedvaguely to mean all the race ofElves, though it properly did not in-clude the Avari (WJ:374; possessiveEldalieva in the name Mindon El-dalieva, q.v.)
see also: elda,lieEldamar n. Elvenhome, name-
place according to MR:176 anothername of Tirion (see tir-)
see also: elda,-marEldameldor phr. Elf-lovers
(WJ:412)see also: elda,melda-
Eldandil adj. elf-friend, aer-wine WJ:412 by the Edain confusedwith Elendil, properly ”Star-friend”(WJ:410)
see also: elda,-dilEldanor n. Elvenland, name-
place regions of Valinor where theElves dwelt and the stars could beseen (MR:176)
see also: elda,-norEldarin adj. Elvish derived from
Elda (Silm)related: n : eldasee also: elda
Eldo n. archaic variant of Elda, prop-erly one of the ”Marchers” from
Cuivienen, but the word went out ofuse (WJ:362, 374)
see also: eldaElemmıre n. Star-jewel, name-
planet, Mercury? from elen +mıre, note assimilation ”nm” be-comes mm, name of a star/planet(possibly Mercury, MR:435, wherethe spelling is Elemmire Taryn - I’dbe more likely to gues Venus, or evenJupiter? ); also name of an Elf.(SA:mir)
see also: elen,mıreelen, ellen, elena, el-, -el n. star
(SA:el, elen) gen. pl. elenion in thephrase Elenion Ancalima ”bright-est of stars” (LotR2:IV ch. 9; see Let-ters:385 for translation) ablative pl.elenillor ”from stars” in Markirya.Elen was also misinterpreted by theEdain to mean elf (see Elendil)
related: adj : elenyaelena adj. stellar (of/from a star)
of the stars (SA:el, elen)related: n : elensee also: elen
Elenarda n. Star-realm, heavensThe realm of the stars above theearth.
see also: arda, elenElende n. elven-home, name-
place The regions of Valinor wherethe Elves dwelt and the stars couldbe seen (MR:176)
see also: elenElendil phr. Star-friend, name-
masc Lover or student of stars, ap-plied to those devoted to astronom-ical lore. However, when the Edainused this name they intended it to
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mean ”Elf-friend”, confusing elen”star” and elda ”elf” (WJ:410). Thisidea that the name was misappliedseems to be late; Tolken earlier inter-preted the name as an ancient com-pound Eled + -ndil; see Letters:386.
see also: elen,-dilElendur phr. Star-servant, name-
masc probably intended to mean”Elf-servant”; in effect a variant ofElendil (Appendix A)
see also: elen,-durelenna allative. starwards a
name of Numenor: Elenna-nore”Starwards-land”, ”the land namedStarwards”, genitive Elenna-noreoin Cirion’s Oath
see also: elenElentari phr. Star-queen title of
Varda/Elbereth (SA:tar)see also: elen, tari
Elenwe phr. Star-person, name-masc (Silm)
elenya adj. stellar (like a star) onlydefined as an adjective referring tostars by Tolkien (WJ:362) comparewith elvea
related: n : elensee also: elen, elvea
Elenya n. day #1 name of the firstday of the Eldarin six-day week,dedicated to the stars (Appendix D)
see also: elen,elenyaElerosse phr. star foam, starlit
foam, name-masc Sindarin Elros(PM:348) Taryn - this makes no senseas ross e means ”dew” - foam is givenas ving e
see also: elen,rosse,vingeElerrına, Elerına phr. Stars-
crowned elen + rına, a name of
Taniquetil (Silm)see also: elen,rına
Elessar n. Elf-stone, star-stoneElen + sar, elen ”star” again beingmistakenly used in place of elda tomean ”Elf” (LotR3:V ch. 8)
see also: elen,sarEllaire n. star-summer, June alter-
native name of June obviously fromel + laire = star + summer (PM:135)
see also: elen,laireello interjection.
see also: yelloelvea adj. starlike, like stars
Taryn - aparrently often pronounced as:albea, can’t rem where I found this outMarkirya
see also: elenElwe phr. Star-person, name-
masc (PM:340, WJ:369)see also: elen, -we
elye emphatic pronoun. even thouemphatic 2. person sg. pronoun(Nam, RGEO:67)
en- pre. again, re- in enquantuva”shall refill”, entuluva, ”shall comeagain” Nam, RGEO:67, LotR3:V ch.8, MR:405
end- adj. mid- see endyaEndamar, Ambarenya phr.
middle-earth The name of thelands in the middle- can refer eitherto the actual land that most of LotRtakes place (in the ”middle” of thegeneral world-map type of area) orcan also refer to earth - as betweenheaven and the underworld... as faras I’ve been told.
etymology: ambar (earth) + end-(middle)
see also: ambar, ende
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ende n. centre, core, middle Whena ”middle” is considered as a noun- eg ”his middle”
etymology: ENED = middlesee also: endya
endea n. middle as in ”the middle”when referred to - as opposed to aproperty of something as being inthe middle which is more in the lineof end- or endya
Enderi n. middle-days In the cal-endar of Imladris three days in-serted between the months (or sea-sons) yavie and quelle (AppendixD). These days were doubled every12 years as the ”leap year” equiva-lent to catch up extra required days.The exception was for the last yearof every third yen. There wouldsurely have been other adjustmentsfor inaccuracies, but these are notrecorded.
related: sg : enderesee also: end-, ere
Endien n. autumn (alt) Alterna-tive name for ”autumn” - probablymeaning ”mid-year” where yen hasbeen corrupted into ”-ien” (PM:135)
see also: end-, yenEndore, Endor n. Middle-earth
(SA:dor, Appendix E)etymology: from primitive ened
= ”middle” and ndor = ”land”related: allative : Endorennasee also: end-,-ore
endya, enya, end- adj. middle,central ie ”the middle child” ratherthan ”it’s the middle” - which ismore appropriate to ende. The pre-fix is used in many words such as
Endore = ”middle earth”etymology: ENED = middlesee also: ende
enga preposition. save-for, except-for (FS)
engwa adj. sicklyetymology: GENG-WA = sickly
Engwar n. The Sickly Elvish nameof Mortal Men (Silm)
see also: engwa, -rengwe n. thing, object HFs courseenquanta- v. refill from enquantuva
= ”shall refill” (Nam)see also: en-, quanta-
enque n. six Cardinal sixetymology: ENEK = six
enquie n. week Eldarin six-dayweek (Appendix D) obviously re-lated to the word for six. The weekwas generally used for ritual prac-tice rather than of practical function.One yen contained exactly 8766 en-quier
see also: enqueenta, en, en- n/adj. thither, yon-
der, over there A prefix or el-ement indicating ”over there”-nesseg en kare = ”yonder earth” FS or infull form: Entaarda = enta + harda= ”yonder lands” or ”outer lands”
etymology: EN- = ”overthere/yonder”
related: adj : entasee also: enta
envinyanta adj. healed, renewed(MR:405)
see also: en-, envinya-, vinya, -tar
envinya- v. heal, renewsee also: en-, vinya
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Envinyatar n. renewer, healerAragorn’s title Envinyatar ”the Re-newer” envinya is lit. again-new,with tar = ”high” (LotR3:V ch. 8)
related: en-,vinya, -tarenwina adj. old Taryn - which ver-
sion of ”old” is this? how does it differfrom the others? Is it related to engw e?Markirya
enyal- v. recall, commemorate,remember To summon some-thing back into memory. UT:317Eg enyalie ”the re-calling”Cirions’sOath
see also: en-, yal-enyare phr. in that day pointing to
the future (FS) Taryn - really not sureabout how this is constructed - obvi-ously are is day - but where does en-y-come in?
see also: eny-???,areEonwe ?. name-maia (WJ:417)
etymology: adopted andadapted from Valarin
see also: on-?,-weep- preposition. after [taryn, I’m not
sure if it is the adjective menaing”towards the end” (as for end-) orthe conjugative after, but this isguessed from epesse = after-name]
epesse n. after-name, nicknamemostly given as a title of admirationor honour (PM:339, UT:266)
see also: ep-,esseephel n. outer Fence LorR App Eeque pseudo-verb. say, says, said
a tenseless pseudo-verb used tointroduce quotations or a ”that”-construction; with affixes equen”said I”, eques ”said he/she”(WJ:392, 415)
see also: quet-eques n. saying, dictum, quota-
tion generally from someone’s ut-tered words, a current or prover-bial dictum (WJ:392); eg I EquessiRumilo ”the Sayings of Rumil”(WJ:398)
see also: equeer n. one, alone Taryn - quite possi-
bly also the singular pronoun at times- such is common to most languagesTaryn - wondering if this is the same aser- below - that the months really are”first spring” or something?
er- adj. beginning?, early? Taryn- guessed from the four alterna-tive names for the months: ercoir e,erquell e, errıve and ertuil e → whichseem to include the name of the seasonthat begins after them. See also no
see also: noerca n. prickle, spine A small sharp
thornetymology: EREK = thornrelated: synonym : nasse
erca- v. prick Make a hole in some-thing with a sharp thing.
etymology: EREK = thornsee also: erca
ercasse n. holly Taryn - Seems tomean ”sharpity”
see also: erca, -sseErcoire n. February (alt) Taryn
- beginning of stirring (early-spring)(PM:135)
see also: er-?,coireerde n. seed, germ, person The
one centre of a thing - or beginningof a thing. Also used to refer to aperson as a whole as the seed is the
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essence of the person (MR:216)etymology: ERED = ”seed”
ere n. day this would be the 24-hour-type of day, as opposed to are Taryn- guessed from Enderi
see also: areereg n. thorn, holly [taryn - not sure
if this is Quenya or primitive or sin-darin - from SA]
eresse n. solitude Alone-nessetymology: ERE- = be alonesee also: eressea
eressea adj. lonely Often used by it-self for Tol Eressea, the Lonely Isle(Silm)
etymology: ERE-erma n. matter physical substance
(MR:338, 470)Erquelle n. September (alt)
alternative name of September(PM:135) [tarynbeginning of fading(autumn)]
see also: quel-Errıve n. November (alt) alter-
native name of November (PM:135)Taryn - beginning of snowing? (winter)
see also: er-,hrıveErtuile n. April (alt) alternative
name of April (PM:135) Taryn - be-ginning of coming??? (tuile) (late-spring)
see also: er-,tuileEru n. the One, God A name
reserved for the most solemn oc-casions (WJ:402), genitive Eruo(MR:329)
etymology: ERE- = be alonesee also: er
Eruhantale phr. Thanksgivingto Eru A Numenorean festival
(UT:166, 436) Taryn - hantale = thanks-giving → anta- = give - so where doesthe ”thanks” come in?
see also: Eru,han?,anta-,leEruhıni n. Children of Eru Elves
and Men (WJ:403; SA:hıni)see also: Eru, hin
Erukyerme phr. Prayer to Eru ANumenorean festival (UT:166, 436)
see also: Eru, kyermeErulaitale phr. Praise of Eru A
Numenorean festival (UT:166, 436)see also: Eru, laita,le
erume n. desert A lonely and iso-lated place, devoid of anything andanyone
etymology: ERE- = ”be alone,deprived
see also: ErumanEruman n. Desert? The desert NE
of Valinoretymology: ERE- = ”be
alone/deprived”see also: erume
Erusen phr. children of EruRGEO:74 this is a weird form withno plural ending. The normal formseems to be Eruhıni.
see also: Eru, senerya adj. single, sole Refers to some-
thing that is the only one of a kindetymology: ERE- = be
alone/deprivedsee also: er-
es ?. behold!, look there! Used asan indication, eg es sorni heruionan! ”the Eagles of the Lords areat hand” (SD:290) can be reworded:”Behold the Eagles...”
etymology: ES- = to indicatesee also: esta-
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esce n. rustle The sound of noisyleaves
etymology: EZGE- = rustleesse n. name, tengwa #31 This
word means ”name” - it is incorpo-rated into a number of subwords,such as: amilesse and epesse whichrefer to the formal, and nick-namsof a person (respectively). esse isalso the new name of the tengwarformerly known as: are or aze. (Ap-pendix E)
etymology: ES- = to indi-cate/name
Essecarme phr. name-making(MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremonywhere the father announces thename of his child.
see also: esse, car-,-meEssecenta phr. Name-essay
(MR:415) Taryn - what is this?see also: esse,centa
Essecilme phr. name-choosingan Eldarin ceremony where a childnamed him- or herself according topersonal lamatyave (q.v.) (MR:214,471)
see also: esse, cilmeessi tercenye phr. names of in-
sight, mother-names The namesgiven to a child by its mother, indi-cating some dominant feature of itsnature as perceived by her (MR:216)
see also: esse, tercenesta- v. name The act of giving some-
thing a name.etymology: ES- = indicate/namesee also: esse
este, Este adj. repose, rest Usedboth to refer to the adjective ”rest”
and also the name of a Valie(Lorien’s wife) (WJ:404)
etymology: EZDE = rest and alsothe name of the Valie
estel n. trust, hope (WJ:318,MR:320)
et preposition. out-of Usually followedby the ablative SD:290
etymology: ET- = from out ofetsir n. river-mouth, outflow Lit-
erally: ”outflow”, this is used to re-fer to the head of a river
etymology: ET- + sir = out + flowsee also: et, sir
ettul- v. come forth, come outSD:290
see also: et-,tul-etya- v. exile, cast-out? Probable et-
ymology has this as the act of ”cast-ing out” Taryn - from Etyangoldi
etymology: ET- + ya-?see also: et-
etya adj. exiled, cast-out? Taryn -from Etyangoldi
Etyangoldi phr. Exiled Noldor(WJ:374)
etymology: from Etyangoldiezel, ezella adj. green (arch) This
is valid in Vanyarin Quenya only.(WJ:399)
etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin
Ezellohar phr. Green Mound Taryn- lit. green (ezel) - lo? - sit? (=”har”) or green (exell) - ”ohar” = ?Where the Two Trees grew in Vali-nor also translated as Coron Oio-laire, Corollaire (WJ:401)
etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin
see also: ezel
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faila adj. fair-minded, just, gener-ous (PM:352)
faina- v. emit rays of light, radi-ate, glow, shine There are manylight-emitting words it’s hard to tellthe difference between them, but inthis case it is the act of emitting lightis what is important. It refers to anobject that emits rays of light - orradiates. Shine is merely an extragloss - a better word to capture thisspecifically is: cal- or sil- (for silverlight).
etymology: PHAY- = radi-ate/send out rays of light
related: n : faire, synonyms : cal-,calya-, ninquita-, sil-
faire n. radianceetymology: PHAY- = to radiate
lightrelated: v : faina-
faire n. natural Deathetymology: PHIR- = to die by
natural causesfaire n. phantom, disembodied
spirit, ghost, spirit when seenas a pale shape Markirya (MR:349)Taryn - Literally, ”a light” or even ”a ra-diant being”?
Falanyel phr. foam-singer Anothername for the Teleri the third groupof Eldar, who chose to live by the seain both Valinor and Beleriand.
etymology: falle (foam) + nyelle(singer)
falasse n. shore, line of surf,beach
etymology: PHAL (foam) + -ssefalasta- v. foam Markirya
related: adj : falastalafalastala adj. foaming, surging
Markiryarelated: v : falasta-
Falastur phr. Shore-lord, name-masc (Appendix A)
falle n. foam Generally refers to sea-foam.
etymology: PHAL = foamfalma n. crested or foaming
waveetymology: PHAL = foam
Falmari, Falmarindi n. wavefolk, name-group A name of theTeleri - the third group of Eldar, whochose to live by the sea in both Vali-nor and Beleriand. (PM:386)
see also: falmafalmarin [falmarind-] n. sea-
spirit, nymph Taryn - Some sur-rounding mythology might be nice to gohere
etymology: PHAL- (foam) +?indo (heart?)
fana n. veils The ”veils” or ”raiment”in which the Valar presented them-selves to physical eyes, the bodies
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in which they were self-incarnated,usually in the shape of the bodies ofElves (and Men) (RGEO:74) Taryn -seems to be related to fane, but maybenot. if it is the case, tehn it means theyappeared wreathed in misty cloud?
fana, fane adj. white This refersto white like the clouds→ comparewith ninque which refers to ”silver-white” Markirya
fanga n. beard in Andafangar”Longbeards”, one of the tribes ofthe Dwarves (= Khuzdul, Sigin-tarag [taryn, what lang is this in?]and Sindarin: Anfangrim) (PM:320)
etymology: andarelated:
Fantur phr. Cloud-lord Part ofthe surnames for both Mandos =”lord of death-cloud” and Lorien→Olofantur = ”lord of dream-cloud”
Fanturion, Arfanturion n. Week-day #4 of the Valian weekThe second-to-last day of the Valianweek, dedicated to the two ”cloud”gods: Mandos and Lorien (referredto as the Fanturi = ”cloud-lords”).The word for week is lemnar.
see also: Fantur, Lorien, Mandosfanya n. cloud specifically a white
cloud (thus it seems related to eitherfane or fana) - Taryn - probably cumu-lus (FS)
see also: fana, fanefanyare n. air, sky, skies not heaven
or the firmament, but the upper airsand clouds. Note that fanyare is asingular word and therefore takesa singular adjective/participle, asin fanyare rucina ”ruined skies” inMarkirya
fare n. sufficiency, plenitude Also”all that is wanted”
etymology: PHAR- = to ”beenough” or ”go all the way”adj : farea, v : farya-
farea adj. enough, sufficientetymology: PHAR- = to ”be
enough” or ”go all the way”related: v : farya-, n : fare
farne n. dwelling, house? in oro-farne Taryn - is this related to varya- ?as a ”place of sufficiency”, or just an un-related word?
farya- v. suffice, be enoughetymology: PHAR- = to reach or
go all the wayrelated: past tense : farne, n : fare
fasse n. tangled hair, shaggylock, dreadlocks?, elflocks?Could also be simply used to referto ”a tangel” given its relation to theverb: fasta- = ”to tangle”
etymology: PHAS- = tangledlock of hair
related: v : fasta-see also: fin
fasta- v. tangle Related to the wordfasse - referring to a tangled lock ofhair.
etymology: PHAS- = tangledlock of hair
related: n : fassesee also: fin
fauca adj. parched, open-mouthed, thirsty, agapeLiterally referring to the open-mouthedness, but used idiomati-cally of thirstiness
etymology: PHAU- = to gapefea n. soul, radiant-one, spirit The
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Incarnates are said to live by neces-sary union of hroa (body) and fea(WJ:405)
fealoce n. spark-dragon Taryn - I’mreally not sure what sort of a dragon itrefers to. Glossed as ”spark-dragon” Iwould think it meant something electri-cal, but consider the fact that fea means”radiant sun” - so maybe it’s some big,glowy dragon or something...
see also: fea, loceFeanaro n. radiant-sun, Spirit of
Fire Feanor (SA:nar)etymology: PHAY- (radiate light)
+ NAR (fire) → phay-anaro = radi-ant sun - one?
see also: fea,nareFeanor Quenya-Sindarin hybrid
for pure Quenya Feanaro ”Spirit ofFire”
see also: FeanaroFeanturi phr. Masters of Spirits,
name-vala The name of the twoValar Mandos and Lorien (SA:tur)
see also: fea, -turfelya n. cave Taryn - Presumably this is
the noun ”a cave” - rather than a verbreferring to caving-in.
etymology: PHELEG = cavefenda n. threshold
etymology: PHEN = thresholdferen [fern-] n. beech The nuts of
the beech tree: ”beech-mast” are re-ferred to as ferna
etymology: PHEREN = beechrelated: pl : ferni, adj : ferinya
ferinya adj. beechen/beech-likeetymology: PHEREN = beechrelated: n : feren
ferna n. beech nuts or ”beech-
mast” The nuts of the beech tree.The tree itself is feren
etymology: PHEREN = beechfeuya- v. abhor, be disgusted by
Taryn - This is obviously a verb thatworks only in one way - the object is dis-gusted by the subject - is there a wordfor the other way around, ie ”to disgust”.
etymology: PHEW- = feel digustat
filit [filic-] n. small birdetymology: PHILIK = small bird
fin- adj. skilled not related to the fin-that means hair
etymology: Etym PHIN-see also: Finwe
fin [find-] n. hair The many wordsfor hair are a little confusing, butthis is the breakdown fo them: finseems to be hair as a material, fine isa single hair, while findesse is some-one’s head of hair, leaving findewhich is a bunch of hair - a tress orplait of it. HFs course
related: adj : findasee also: finde
finda adj. having hair, -haired(PM:340)
related: n : finsee also: fin
Findabar phr. skilled earth? Theson of Fingon.
etymology: PHIN (skilled) + am-bar earth?
Findarato phr. hair-championTaryn - ?hairy-champion? haired-champion? or is it a champion thatfights for hair? Sindarized as Finrod(SA:ar(a) )
see also: fin
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finde n. hair, tress, plait, braidAn amount of hair - especially of thehead (PM:340)
see also: fin, findesse, finefinde n. skill Nimbleness etc
etymology: PHIN = nimble-ness/skill
Findecano phr. Hair-commanderSindarized as Fingon (PM:344)
see also: finfindesse n. hair Mainly a whole head
of hair, or a person’s hair as a whole(PM:345)
see also: fin, finde, finefine n. hair (sg) (PM:340)
see also: fin, finde, findessefine n. larch Any of several decid-
uous, coniferous trees of the genusLarix, having needlelike leaves clus-tered on short shoots and heavy,durable wood
Finwe n. skilled one The name of”the chief Gnome”. Note: this is inno way related to fin = ”hair”, theyare from separate roots.
etymology: PHIN (nimble-ness/skill) + -we = the abstractsuffix
findya adj. skilled, nimbleetymology: PHIN = nimble-
ness/skillfion [fiond-] ?haste or hawk?. Taryn -
The gloss on this is unclear in Tolkien’snotes. Christopher Tolkien mentions itcould be either haste or hawk (thoughhe says it’s mroe likely to be haste). Iagree as I also wonder if it is related toPHIN = nimbless PHI = ?
related:Fionwe phr. ?hawk-one?swift-one Taryn - Related to
the uncertainly-glossed word fion , butdefinitely listed as the son of Manwe.Note it is not the same person asFinw e.
etymology: PHI (gloss uncertain)+ -we (abstract suffix)
fir- v. die, fade, expire, breathe-forth, sigh? This refers to deathby natural causes. Seems to meanfading slowly away, but also id-iomatic of death, purportedly withreference to the slow release ofbreath (thus the natural ”fadingaway”).
etymology: PHIR- = to dierelated: adj : firin, synonym :
qualme, antonym : cuilefire n. mortal man
etymology: PHIR- = to dieFiriel phr. mortal maid Another
name for Luthien - who becme mor-tal and eventually died.
etymology: fir- + -ielFıriel phr. she that sighed, she
that died The later name of Mırielobivously related to fir- and the factthat she died by eventually fadingaway of a broken heart.
see also: fir-fırima adj. mortal Literally refers to
their tendency to die.etymology: PHIR- = to dierelated: antonym : ilfirin
firin adj. dead Implies death by nat-ural causes: idiomaticaly ”fadingaway”.
related: v : fir-, synonym: qualinFırimar n. Mortal Man, ”those
that die” An Elvish name of Mor-tal Men.
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related: Synonyms : Atan, Firyar,Hildorien
see also: fir-firya adj. human
etymology: PHIR- = to dieFiryar n. Mortals, ”dyers” An-
other Elvish name of Mortal Men(WJ:387) Taryn - die-ers?
related: Synonyms : Atan,Fırimar, Hildorien
see also: fir-folima adj. secretive Note: this is
from one of the earliest ’qenya’ dic-tionaries, so may be shaky
formaite adj. right-handed, dex-trous Taryn - Obviously showingsome idiomatic usage with the worddextrous.
etymology: PHOR = right-handFormen n. North, tengwa #10
Obviously mythologically based onthe fact that North would be on theright hand when facing the West.
etymology: PHOR (right-hand)+ men (spot/place)adj : formenya, antonym : hyarmen
Formenos phr. Northern Fortress,name-place SA:formen
etymology: formen,ostarelated:
Forostar phr. Northlands,name-place Specifically thenorthlands of Numenor (UT:165)Taryn - not sure of the compound here:formen ? + tar? or For- + osta ?
forya adj. right (opp left) This isright as opposed to left = hyarya
etymology: PHOR = right-handrelated: antonyms : hyarya
forte ?n. ? Taryn - This obviouslyhas something to do with right-hand or
North, but is otherwise unglossed ex-cept for a primitive version phoroti - butI don’t recognise where the ending canhave come from.
etymology: PHOR = right-handfui, hui n. night Related to the word
fuine = ”shadow”etymology: PHUY = deep
shadowrelated: synonyms : hui
fuine n. deep shadow, gloom,darkness Deep, or heavy shadow- identical to huine.
etymology: PHUY = deepshadow
related: synonyms : huineFuinur phr. shadow-?, name-
masc This word was misprinted”Fuinar” in the Silmarillion Index.It is evidently derived from fuine”deep shadow” Taryn - but not sureabout the suffix
see also: fuine
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Galadriel Altariel Note: this isa Sindarin word. Altariel is theQuenyan version of her name.
see also: Altariel
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haca- v. yawn Markiryahahta n. pile, mound Compare
with coron = ”a mound” (refers toa rounded mound) and cumbe -which refers to a heap. Taryn - I spec-ulate that the difference lies in the un-ruliness level. A pile is an ordered pileof things, whereas a heap is bunch ofrandomly tossed things, both forming amound, one orderly, one not. This is fur-ther helped byt the fact that the Noldorinwords coming from this stem include”grave” - whereby a large amount of dirtis tossed into a pile.
etymology: KHAG → khagda =pile/mound
related: synonyms : coron,cumbe
see also: coronhaima n. custom, habit Related to
himya- = ”to stick to” to ”abide by”,this word reers to any habitual ten-dency that is adhered to.
etymology: KHIM- = adhere,stick to
see also: himya-haira adj. remote, distant, far
Something that is at a far remove.etymology: KHAYA = far, distant
haiya adv. far-away, distant, far-off Note that this is the adverbialform for this meaning. To use ”far”or ”distant” in an adjectival sense,
use hairaetymology: KHAYA = far, distant
hala n. fish (small)etymology: SKAL- = a small fishsee also: lingwe
halatir n. king-fisher Literally ”fish-watcher” (from halatirno)
see also: hala, tirnohalla adj. tall (Appendix E, footnote)halya- v. screen, conceal, veil
etymology: Etym SKAL-ham- v. sit
etymology: KHAM = to sithanda adj. intelligent, under-
standing This is an adjective thata person can have of a subject to beunderstood (rather than a propertyof the subject being understand-able).
etymology: KHAN- = under-stand/comprehend
handasse adj. intelligence The ca-pacity of someone’s intellect. Usehandele for intellect = the facultyused to understand/think with
see also: handa, -ssehande n. knowledge, under-
standing, comprehension In ageneral sense.
etymology: KHAN- = to under-stand/comprehend
handele n. intellect The faculty bywhich someone attempts to under-
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stand things. Contrast with han-dasse = intelligence = the capacityof a person’s intellect.
etymology: KHAN- = to knowhanu n. male This is the generic
word that refers to a male of anyspecies, sentient or otherwise. If theword is to refer to a male of a sen-tient species, use ner. By contrast,the inter-species word for ”female”is...Taryn - not sure, really...
etymology: ΞAN = a malerelated:see also: adj:hanwa
hantale phr. thanksgiving FromEruhantale (UT:166) Taryn - fromhere i hsould be able to separate”thanks”, but as anta is give, that wouldonly leave han- ... which would be pos-sible... but doesn’t fit with hanu = male
see also: anta-hanwa adj. male Used when refer-
ring to anything that is male. Com-pare with the noun ”man” = ner(though this refers specifically to asentient male). By comparison, re-ferring to something as female, useinya
etymology: ΞAN = man + -warelated: n:ner, antonym:inyasee also: hanu, inya, ner, -wa
hanya- v. understand, compre-hend, know about Refers tosomething that someone is ”skilledat dealing with”
etymology: KHAN- = under-stand/know about
har- v. sit UT:305,317 Note that theperfect tense of this verb can be-come confused with that of harya-
haran n. king Taryn - There seemto b multiple words for King - i willtry and guess the difference betweenthem. This particular word seems tobe related to the concept of treasure(they are the treasure of the nation)or the concept of ownership/possession(they possess the nation). The word tarrefers to the ”rightful heir to the throne”,and the word cano refers to someonethat gives the orders (often elevated tocheiftain)
etymology: ΞAR- = have/holdsee also: cano, harya, tar
Haranye phr. name-centurylast year of a century in theNumenorean calendar (Appendix D)this year is the one in which was*not* a leap year - for the purposesof adjusting for the real year-length
harma n. treasure, tengwa #11(arch), possession This wordrefers to something that is not onlyowned, but treasured by someone.A valued possession. When re-ferring to ”treasure” in a generalsense (as in ”a pile of treasure”) useharwe. WRT tengwar, it is the ar-chaic form later called aha
etymology: ΞRA0 = have/holdrelated: v : harya-see also: aha, harwe
harna adj. wounded HFs Courseharna- v. wound
etymology: from primitiveSKAR- Note: SK- become h- inQuenya
related: adj : harnaharwe n. wound, rent, tear (rent)
etymology: Etym SKAR
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harwe n. treasure, treasury Alarge amount or store of treasuredthings. use this when referring to ”apil of treasure” as opposed to one,single item of treasure (in whichcase use harma)
etymology: ΞAR = have/holdsee also: harma
harya- v. possess, have, ownRelated to harma = possessed ob-ject/treasure
etymology: ΞAR = have/holdharyon n. prince, heir (male) This
word is related to the concept ofpossession, however it is not clearwhether the prince is the valuedpossession or the heir is to gain pos-session of the valued treasure. Taryn- I like to think that the prince is thevalued treasure - and also the valuablestorehouse of treasureI like to think thatthe prince is the valued treasure - andalso the valuable storehouse of trea-suress
etymology: ΞAR- = have/holdrelated: synonym : cundu, ingwe
hasta- v. mar To disfigure or in-jure.HF’s course
hat- v. break-asunderetymology: Etym SKAT
hauta- v. cease (temp), rest, take-break Indicates someone that takesa momentary break in activity for arest. HFs course
etymology: KHAW = rest/lie atease
hec?(e) adj. forsaken, cast-outTaryn - guessed from hecel = ”for-saken elves” (where the -el s an oft-used shorthand for elda ) and also hecil
= ”forsaken one”heca! interj. be gone!, stand aside!
also with pronominal suffixes hecatdual and hecal pl. (WJ:364)
see also: ?hec?Heceldi phr. forsaken-elves,
group-elven WJ:371 - uses thesame base as hecil, especially ap-plied to the Eldar left in Beleriand
see also: elda, hec?hecil n. forsaken one, waif,
outcast, outlaw masc: hecilo,fem: hecile ”one lost or forsakenby friends, waif, outcast, outlaw”(WJ:365)
see also: hec?hehta- v. put aside, leave out, ex-
clude, abandon, forsake, castout WJ:365
helca adj. icy, icecold Comprae withringa which just means ”cold”
etymology: KHELEK = icerelated: synonym : ringa
Helcar n. ices, name-place The In-land Sea in the north-east of Middle-earth, and Helcaraxe, the GrindingIce between Araman and Middle-earth (SA)
see also: helcaHelcaraxe, helcaracse phr. jagged
fangs of ice Literally: ”Ice - jaggedfangs”. The Grinding Ice betweenAraman and Middle-earth (SA)
etymology: from helce + caracse= ice + jagged teeth
see also: helce, caracsehelce n. ice
etymology: KHELEK = iceHelcelmar, Heceldamar phr.
Land of Forsaken Elves,
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name-place Taryn - lit. ”Forsakenelves’ earth” The name used by theloremasters of Aman for Beleriand.(WJ:365)
see also: Heceldi, marhelle n. sky This seems to refer to the
blue vault above us, rather than thespecific terms meant for the differ-ent layers of the ”heavens”. It alsoexplains the related word: helwa =pale blue.
etymology: ΞEL = skyHelluin n. Sirius Taryn - don’t know
the basis of this translation, given thatSirius is red and luin means blue, per-haps it incorporates some form of as-similation... but I cannot find an appro-priate word for it yet. It could also bebased on hell e - in which case, wheredoes -uin come from?
helwa adj. pale-blue, sky-blue,pale Specifically rerfers to pale,sky blue (related to helle = sky),but can be used to describe othercolours as pale, referring to their be-ing light in colour. Contrast thisusage with neca = ”faint”, but alsowith vanya = ”fair” (beautiful orfair-complexion)
etymology: ΞEL- = skyhelyanwe n. rainbow, sky-bridge
Taryn - not sure exactly how thesewords combine into this compound,prhaps it is ”sky-bridged”?
see also: helle, yantahen [hend-] n. eye
etymology: KHEN-D-E = eyerelated: dual : hendu
hequa preposition. leaving aside,not counting, excluding, ex-
cept Taryn - note that the defini-tions here do not count the conjugation-version of ”except” - ie = ”but”, this maystill be a valid use, but I would useananta instead (WJ:365)
-her adj. master, lord Used todescribe somethings mastery oversomething, rather than simply asbeing ”master” eg ciryaher = ”ship-lord” or ”ship-master”. By contrast,heru is a stand-alone word.
etymology: KHER- =rule/govern/possess
see also: heruhera adj. cheif, principal, govern-
ing?, ruling? Taryn - Etym onlygives ”cheif, principal” and doesn’t gointo whether or not this is an adjectiveor whatever... this is what makes senseto me - that the word is adjectival anddscribes something as performing thefunction of being ”the cheif something”which I interpret here as: ”the governingsomething”. I could be way out and wel-come any alternatives (backed up bywhy).
etymology: KHER- =rule/govern/possess
heren n. order (group) ie ”an orga-nization of people united by a com-mon fraternal bond or social aim.”eg Heren Istarion ”Order of Wiz-ards” (UT:388)
heren n. fortune, fate, gover-nance Literally ”governance” andlisted as ”what is in store forone and what one has in store”Etym:KHER-
etymology: KHER- =rule/govern
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Herendil phr. Fortune-friend,”Lucky”, masculine nameAlso known as Eadwine/Audoin,this is the son of Elendil LR:52, 56
see also: -dil, herenherenya adj. fortunate, wealthy,
blessed, rich Meaning anythingof good fortune
see also: heren, -yaheri n. lady, mistress, governess?
Feminine title of rulership used inthe same fashion as for heru butwith a feminine inflection.
etymology: KHER- =rule/govern/possess
see also: heruheru n. master, lord, governor?
Used when referring to one thatgoverns or is in control of some-thing. Is equally used of the captainof a ship (see -her) as for a politicalleader. Also found in names and ti-tles such as Herumor ”Black Lord”and Herunumen ”Lord of the West”(SA:heru)
etymology: KHER- =rule/govern/possess
see also: -herHerunumen phr. Lord-of-West A
title of Manwe (LR:47)see also: heru, numen
herince phr, diminutive?. little lady(UT:195) Taryn - is this from heru or isthere a feminine form: heru? , or possi-bly only just he-?
see also: heru,rincehilde, hildo n. follower, heir EO
related: v : hilya-Hildi phr. The Followers, Mortal
Men Another Elvish name of Mor-
tal Men - referrring to their beingthe Second-born of Iluvatar, follow-ing the Quendi (WJ:387)
see also: hildeHildorien phr. follower’s-land
The land where Men first awoke,like the Elves did at Cuivienen SilmTaryn - constructed: hild e + norie ?
related: synonyms : Atan,Fırimar, Firyar
see also: hilde, noriehilya- v. follow
etymology: KHIL- = to followrelated: n : hilde
himya- v. cleave by, stick to,abide by To stick to something orremain true to someone/something.Compare with vor- = ”make apromise/give an oath”
etymology: KHIM- = stick,cleave, adhere
related: present tense: adhering,sticking
hina vocative. child (voc) usedin the vocative to a (young) child,also hinya ”my child” for hinanya(WJ:403)
see also: hınahına, -hin n. child (n) (WJ:403)
related: pl : hinisee also: hina
Hıni Iluvataro phr. Children ofIluvatar Elves and Men - createdspecially by Iluvatar, rather thanwith the help of the Valar Silm
see also: hına,Iluvatarhir- v. find Taryn - I postulate that this
differs from tuv- as a more general form- finding of something that was lost, andnow is found, rather than finding some-
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thing new (ie discovering it) Namsee also: tuv-
Hirilonde phr. Haven-finder,name-obj name of a ship (UT:192)
see also: hir-,londeHırilorn phr. found-tree? This
is the alterative name for the greatbeech-tree with three trunks, alsoknown as Neldorn = ”three tree”
see also: hir-?, ornehısie, hıse n. mist, fog Taryn - the
difference between the two seems to bethat when stated as a singular thing (eg”fog”) hıs e is used, whereas if it is a sin-gular plural (eg mists) where the mistsare one writhing mass, use hısi e
etymology: KIS-/KHITH-→ hıthi= fog/mist
Hısilome phr. Misty-twilight Lit-erally: Mist-night, or mist-gloom, itis also called Hithlum in Sindarin,and refers to an area to the North-West of the iron mountains, a lamdof shadow and gloom. (SA:hith)
see also: hısie, lomeHısime n. month #11, November
(Appendix D, SA:hith) Taryn - seemsto be related to hısie , see also my spec-ulations on -me
see also: hısiehiswa adj. grey Misty grey
etymology: KHITH- → khithwa =grey
hiswe ?. ? Taryn - This entry was listedunder KHIS-/KHITH- but unidentified. itwas listed as coming from khithme, butthat also was not identified. It was sand-wiched between (and thus presumablyrelated to) hıs e = mist and hiswa =grey. perhaps it is the long-lost word forsmoke?
etymology: KHITH- (mist) →khithme = ???
see also: hıse, hiswahlapu- v. blow, fly (in wind),
stream (in wind) to blow, streamor fly in the wind - as of spray blow-ing like streamers of foam off thetop of a foaming, crested wave...Markirya
hlar- v. hear Markirya. Compare withlasta- = ”listen”
hloce, loce n. snake, serpent,dragon (SA:lok-)
hlone n. sound as somethingheard - not as the ”material” sound(WJ:394)
hlonıte adj. phonetic From UT eghlonıti tengwi = phonetic signs
hlonıti tengwi phr. phoneticsigns (WJ:395)
see also: hlonıte, tengweho gram. from, away from Taryn -
Not sure if this is different to ho-, but Ihave a feeling that it is. This is the onelisted in Etym with -on
etymology: ΞO- = from, awayfrom
see also: ho-,-onho- gram. away, from, from
among The point of view beingoutside the thing, place, or groupin thought (WJ:368) Contrast withau- - especially between auciri andhociri. Also compare with the geni-tive ending -on
etymology: ΞO- = ”away-from,out-of”
see also: au-, -onhociri v (tr). cut off As in to cut of
a required portion, so as to have it
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or use it (WJ:365, 368) contrast withauciri
see also: auciri,ho-holme n. odour, stench Appears to
be from the intransitive and refersto an unpleasant odour. A pleasantodour is nısima
etymology: NOL- to smell (in-transitive)
related: antonym : nısima (fra-grance)
hon n. heart Refers to the physi-cal heart, as opposed to indo whichrefers to the spiritual one
etymology: KHO-N = hearthopa n. haven, harbour Refers to
a ”small, land-locked bay” - pro-tected. The entrance to a bay likethis is londe.
etymology: KHOP = harboursee also: hopasse
hopasse n. harbourage A place ofshelter for ships, usually a small bayused as a haven
see also: hopa, -ssehore n. impulse Related to horta- =
”to urge on”, this refers to a forceacting to urge something on.
etymology: KHOR- = speed,urge on
see also: horeahorea n. impulsion Related to
horta- = ”to ugre on”, this refers toa mental force acting to urge some-one on. Compare with hore whichis a general ”impulsive force”
etymology: KHOR- = speed,urge on
see also: horehorme n. urgency Related to horta-
= ”urge on”, this is the senseof rush-ing onward following that action.It also appears related to orme =”haste” and ”rushing onward”
etymology: KHOR- = to urge onsee also: orme
horta- v. send-flying, urge, speedTo put in motion or send on it’s way.Taryn - Etym listed hortal e as = ”ur-gins”/”speeding” - which does look likeand unusual present tense form of thisverb. i have listed it as such, but I mayhave been mistaken.
etymology: KHOR- = set goingrelated: pr. tense : hortale
hosse n. army Taryn - Seems to be re-lated to hosta - so this is assemblageof armed people? so what is -se andis it merely aassimilation of somethingelse? This word is from early ma-terial so may not be appropriate anymore.
hosta- v. gather, collect, assembleetymology: KHOTH- (gather) →
khotse = assemblyhosta n. assembly, crowd, host,
large number, large gatheringThese words are generally used ofa large number of people. Taryn -some forms I’ve implied from the verband noldorin words under this stem
etymology: KHOTH- (gather) →khotse = assembly
Hravani n. The Wild (pl), name-group, wild-men The name ofthe non-Edain Men (WJ:219) Taryn -seems to be related to hr ave = flesh?
hrave n. flesh (MR:349)hresta n. shore, beach ablative: hre-
stallo ”from (the) shore” in Markirya
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Taryn - another word for shore... what’sthe difference between them?
hrıve n. winter In the calendar of Im-ladris a precisely defined period of72 days, but also used without anyexact definition (Appendix D)
hroa, hroa n. body In MR:330Tolkien notes that hroa is ”roughlybut not exactly equivalent to ’body’” (as opposed to ”soul”). The Incar-nates live by the necessary union ofhroa (body) and fea (soul) (WJ:405).
etymology: Changed by Tolkienfrom hrondo, in turn changed fromhron
hrota n. underground dwelling,cave-made, artificial cave,rockhewn hall (PM:365)
huan, hunen n. hound Comparewith huo = dog. Taryn - I’m not surewhat hunen means, but it is listed nextto this word in parentheses, so I tookit as the full version of this word, withhuan as the common way of saying it.
etymology: KHUG- (bark/bay)→ khugan = hound
see also: huohui, fui n. night Related to the word
huine = ”shadow”etymology: PHUY = deep
shadowrelated: synonyms : fui
huine n. deep shadow, gloom,darkness Deep, or heavy shadow- identical to fuine.
etymology: PHUY = deepshadow
related: synonyms : fuinehuo n. dog While listed under
KHUG- = ”bark/bay”. Taryn - It also
appears related to the word huor e =courage, but whether this is intended ornot is speculation
etymology: KHUG- = bark/bayhuore n. courage Literally ”heart-
vigour”etymology: kho-gore = heart +
vigourhwan n. sponge, fungushwarin adj. crooked HFs Course
related: synonyms : raica, rempahwarma n. crossbarhwerme n. gesture-code (WJ:395)
Taryn - some myth-background herewould be good
hwesta n. breeze, breath, puff ofair, zephyr?, tengwa #12 Re-garding the tengwa, it representsthe sound ”hw” - which is a breathof air. Appendix E
hwesta sindarinwa n. Grey-elven-hw, tengwa #34 Thistengwa also represents a breath ofair Taryn - can’t rem diff and meansliterally ”hw of [the] Sindarin [lan-guage]” (Appendix E)
see also: hwesta, Sindarin, -vahwesta- v. puff (v)
see also: hwestahwinde n. eddy, whirlpoolhyalma n. shell, conchhyand- v. cleave Taryn - from san-
gahyando = ”throng-cleaver”hyapat n. shore Taryn - yet another
word for shore...hyar- v. cleave
etymology: Etym SYADrelated: past tense : hyande
hyarmaite adj. left-handedsee also: hyarya, maite
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hyarmen, hyar- n. south, tengwa#33 Hyarmen appears to be theproper noun, and the name of thetengwe, but hyar- is used in con-juctions of directions eg: hyarnusappears to be ”southWest” etc (SA,SA:men) The origin of this word isbased on the association for Elvesfor the West. hyarmen Literallymeans ”left-hand place” and can beunderstood when you consider thefact that when you face to the West(ie toward Valinor) the South will beon your left.
etymology: KHYAR = left-handsee also: men
Hyarmendacil phr. South-victor,masculine name (Appendix A)
see also: dacil, hyarmenHyarmentir phr. south-watch The
name of a mountain. A more lib-eral translation might be: ”Southernwatching point” (SA)
see also: hyarmen, -tirhyarnus n. south-west
see also: hyar,nusHyarnustar phr. Southwestlands
South-western parts of Numenorsee also: hyarnus, -tar
hyarros n. south-eastsee also: hyar,ros
Hyarrostar phr. Southeastlands(UT:165)
see also: hyarros,-tarhyarya adj. left Contrast with: forya
= rightetymology: KHYAR = left-handrelated: antonym : foryasee also: -ya
hyelle n. glass
etymology: KHYELES (glass)→khyelese = glass
hyola- v?. trump (SD:419) Taryn - Ithink this is a verb (given it’s ’a’ ending(note: - added by me)) but it could bethe noun ”a trump”
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i article. the indeclinable definitearticle Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya,WJ:369, WJ:398; may may writtenwith or without a hymphen or spaceeg: i cirya i cilyanna or i-mar de-pending mainly on taste (as far asI can see). Occaisionally used as arelative pronoun: i ”the one/theywho” (both article and relative pro-noun in Cirion’s Oath): i Eru i orilye mahalmar ea: the One who isabove all thrones”, i harar ”theywho are sitting” Taryn - afaik, tech-nically this is ”the sitters” - the ”theyis an English gloss . Before a verb,i means ”the one(s) who, the onewho, those who”: i carir quettaromainen ”those who form wordswith voices” (WJ:391). Taryn - again:the formers of words with voices”?
etymology: I- = ”that”/ deicticparticle
-i gram. grammar-pluralisation-nouns-consonant-ending,grammar-pluralisation-verbs-pure, grammar-pluralisation-adjectives-e-ending, grammar-pluralisasion-adjectives-consonant-ending This is theregular plural ending for a nounending in a consonant. Contrastwith -r. Note, the only adjectives
that pluralise in this way are thosethat end with a consonant, orthose that already end in -e (inwhich case, the -e is removed andreplaced with -i (eg luine becomesluini)). Usually, adjectives formtheir plurals in -e
etymology: This is aparrently themore ”ancient” form of pluralisa-tion, stemming from primitive -I
see also: -li, -r, -ie-i gram. grammer-verbs-aorist-
suffixed The aorist is generallyformed in -ifor pure verbs, wherasfor a-stems you simply take thestem itself as the aorist form. Wherethe -i is final, however, it shouldbe comverted to -e. As for whenthe aorist is used, it is unclear. Inother languages, the aorist is usedto denote a ”timeless” or ”indefi-nite” action - often for an actionthat always occurs, or is habitualfor this person/thing etc. How-ever, Tolkiens writings confuse thisusage as sometimes the more stan-dard present-tense form is used inthis context. See HFs course for amore thorough discussion of all thewhens/whyfores of the aorist tense.HFs course. Taryn - I personally preferto use it in a case where (in English)to express a timeless or habitual action
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and just ignore the other possibile uses.This seems fairly safe to me until we re-ceive more information.
etymology: in primitive elvish,the aorist was probably formed in -ı
see also: -e-ie gram. grammar-pluralisation-
adjectives-ea-ending adjectives,like verbs, must agree with theirnouns in number. An adjective usu-ally pluralises by removing the fi-nal vowel and replacing with -e, un-less the adjective already ends in e(in which case it pluralises in -i) or -ea (in which case the -ea is removedand replaced by -ie). An adjectiveending in a consonant is rare, butwe guess it also pluralises in -i
etymology: Pluralisation of ad-jectives used to be done by the addi-tion of -i. For example: lantai. Then-ai become -e (thus why we mustremove the a and replace with -e).But and adjective ending with -eawould become -eai - which wouldhave become -ee, thus it became -ie
see also: -e, -i-ie gram. grammar-tense-perfect
The perfect tense has no direct En-glish equivalent, but is used in En-glish with supporting words suchas ”has ” or ”have ”. It is used todescribe an action that occured inthe past, but has some sort of ongo-ing nature or is still relevant to thepresent. For example: ”the guestshave eaten” or ”I have come”. Thelatter being present in Elendil’s dec-laration as: ”utulien”. As is evi-dent in this word, the perfect tense
is formed by addition of -ie butalso a lengthening of the stem vowel(where acceptable) and the additionof the stem-vowel augment. Note:for verbs beginning with a vowel,the entire syllable may be used asthe augment (thus ora- becomesororie). A-stem verbs lose the a be-fore the application of -ie. A verbending in -yawill also drop the y(thus hanya- becomes ahanie) bothfor reasons of euphony. Note alsothat the perfect tense must agree innumber with the subject, thus be-ing ”pluralised” usually by additionof -r when referring to a plural sub-ject. note also taht it is valid to usethe word without the augment forphonological reaons and this is of-ten employed in poetry where themeter requires.
-ie ?. ? Taryn - I’m not sure if this is stillvalid quenya... I will come back to thisone when I’m done with the course] (1)infinitive (or gerundial) ending, attestedin enyali e, q.v. (CO) [taryn - a gerundis where a verb has been made into anoun, such as ”we admired the choir’ssinging” - where singing is an object re-ferred to, rather than used as a verb
il- ?adj. not A prefix for use incompounds such as Ilcorin = ”notfenced”
etymology: LA- (no/not) →[vocalic]l-→ il-
related: synonyms : la, umesee also: la
-il adj. ones? Taryn - another guessbased on hecil = ”forsaken ones” andprobably based on the plural form ofhec (heci) and the ending -l - this
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could also account for the other possi-ble meaning - luinil = ”blue one?” - notethis is all highly speculative! It couldeven possibly be related to Ilm- whichrefers to the region where the stars are(esp as refrring to luinil and carnil )
ilca- v. gleam specifically gleamingwhite Markirya eg axor ilcalannar =”on bones gleaming”
Ilcorin phr. outside the fence,name-place Literally meaning”not fenced”, this refers to the landsoutside of Doriath (In the Ilkorintongue, called Eglador) especiallyapplied to West Beleriand, wherethere was a considerable dwellingof dark-elves.
etymology: From a combinationof LA = ”not” with AR = without +corin = ”circular enclosure/fence”
ilfirin adj. immortal Literally ”notdead”.
etymology: il- (not) + firin”dead”
related: antonym : fırimaIlluin phr?. ?-blue?, name-obj The
name of one of the Lamps of theValar; apparently incorporating theelement luin ”blue” (Silm) Taryn -but what is Il-? - this continues to eludeproper translation...
see also: -il?, luineilma n. starlight
etymology: GIL- = to shine whiteIlmare phr. high-airs-dweller?,
name-maia Taryn - lit: high-airsdweller? The name of a Maia,obivously incorporating Ilm-
see also: ilm-, marIlmarin phr. high-airs mansion,
name-place ”The mansion of thehigh airs”, was the dwelling ofManwe and Varda upon Oiolosse(SA)
see also: ilm-,marilme? high airs, sky-planetary distance,
space-solar-system?. This stem ap-pear in Ilmare, and refers tothe region above the air wherethe stars are.
related:ilqua n. everything (FS) Com-pare with ilya which can be used ei-ther as the noun ”all/everything” oras an adjective ”all ”
see also: ilquen,ilyailquen n. everybody (WJ:372)
related: il, quensee also: ilqua
Ilu n. World (the), all Taryn - notsure how this differs from Ambar giventhat Iluvatar means ”all-father” perhapsit more rightly mean ”All” (referring to allcreation) wheras Ambar simply refersto this world? a difference between ”theuniverse” and ”earth”? (FS, LR:47, 56)
etymology: IUL- = universesee also: Ambar
Ilurambar phr. ?god’s-walls Taryn- An unglossed name under RAMBA -I’m sure it’s there somewhere but I’ll getback to it later... it sound like a set ofmountains, actually.
etymology: Ilu (God) + ramba(wall) + -r (plural)
Iluvatar n. All-father, God (FS)see also: iluve,atar
iluve n. whole, Alliluve n. allness, All In Iluvatar ”All-
Father”. (SA; WJ:402, MR:471)
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ilya n. all, the whole (LR:47, 56;SD:310)
etymology: IL- = allilya adj. every, all Nam
etymology: IL- = allsee also: ilya
-ima ?. ? Taryn - will get back to thisonce I’m trhough the course adjecti-val suffix. Sometimes it is used toderive simple adjectives, like van-ima ”fair” or calima ”bright”; it canalso take on the meaning ”-able”, asin uquetima ”unspeakable” (fromquet- ”speak”; note that the stem-vowel is lengthened in the deriva-tives where -ima means ”-able”).”X-ima” may mean ”apt to X”, as inFırimar ”mortals”, literally ”thoseapt to die” (WJ:387)
Imbar n. Habitation, Earth,name-place, solar-system?”The habitation” also ”the principalpart of Arda” (= the Solar System)(MR:337, also WJ:419 note 29) Taryn -stil a bit confused about this - will comeback to it
see also: Ambar, Ardaimbe prep. between (Nam,
RGEO:67)ime gram. -able Taryn - not sure about
this - guessed from unotim eımen ?. ? Taryn - given uncertainty in
given explaination I’ll get back to this aword occurring in FS, translated ”inthem” (ar ilqua ımen ”and all [thatis] in them”). Probably not valid inmature Quenya.
in [ind-?] n. mind UT-in ?. ? Taryn - all grammatical words
I’m leaving til I finish the course dativepl. ending, seen in eldain, fırimoin,
q.v.-ina gram. passive participle: a-
stem verbs The passive participlefor an a-stem verb is formed withthis suffix. The passive participle iswhere a verb has become an adjec-tive. eg hasta- = ”to mar” becomeshastaina = ”marred” HFs course
-ince diminutive. little, diminutiveeg herince = little woman. Notepluralisation: cirinci.
indil n. lily, single-flower Can beused to refer to any large, singleflower. Adopted and adapted fromValarin. (WJ:399)
indis n. bride, wife More appropri-ately bride - but a woman can be re-ferred to as ”my bride”. The trueword for wife is vesse
etymology: NDIS (woman) → i-ndise = bride
see also: vesseIndis n. Bride, Nessa An alternative
name for the Valie Nessaetymology: NDIS (woman) → i-
ndise = brideindo n. heart, mood Refers to the
spiritual heart as opposed to honwhich refers to the physical one. Italso refers to moods, based on feel-ings of the heart. Taryn - is this thesame as what we refer to as ”feelings”or the general mind-spaces we refer toas ”moods”?
etymology: ID- → ıdı = desire,heart, wish
indo-mareo n. heart of the house,fire, hearth? translated into a ma-ture form from early ”Qenya” ver-sion: ”hondo-maren”
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see also: indo,mar-indyo n. grandchild, descendant
Refers to any child that is descendedfrom someone, but not usually usedof the next geenration.
etymology: NGYON = descen-dant
-inen ?. ? Taryn - all grammar I’m leav-ing until I’ve finished the course in-strumental pl. ending. In omainen(WJ:391)
inga n. first, foremost, top, peakThis s the general word that refersto the first and foremost of things -either the highest peak of a moun-tain or the princes of elves and men(ingwe). More specific words areavailable for each of these circum-stances (eg minya = ordinal one =first and aicasse = mountain peak),but this is for the general situationTaryn - I can imagine it being used ina more emphatic sense then the purelydescriptive specific words. .
etymology: ING- =first/foremost
see also: ingweingaran n. high-king (PM:340)
see also: aran, ingaingole n. deep lore, magic This
is an archaic/poetic term for thedeeper lore.
etymology: NGOL (wise/to bewise)→ ingole” ”the lore” ?
related: adj : nola, n : nole, noleingolemo n. sage, wise one,
wizard, lore-master Specificallyrefers to one with very great knowl-edge (knowledge of the deep lore).A wizard: applied only to great
sages of the Eldar in Valinor, likeRumil (PM:360)
see also: ingole,-moingolmo n. lore-master Taryn - com-
pare with ing olemo - what is differ-ence? I would guess that the one isbased on ing ol e = deep lore, whereasthis word refers to masters of simplelore. (WJ:383)
see also: IngoleIngolonde phr. Land of the
Gnomes ”Beleriand, but be-fore applied to parts of Valinor”Etym:NGOLOD
etymology: Taryn - ? ingolmo(Gnome) + ?lond e = harbour?
ingor n. mountain-summit, sum-mit (PM:340)
see also: ingaIngwe n. prince, chief, masculine
name This word means approxi-mately ”first among men”, thus itis used for Princes and Cheifs, butcan also simply be used in a famil-iar way. (PM:340)
etymology: ING- + WEG-E =”foremost” + ”manly/masculine”
related: synonym : cundu,haryon
Ingwer n (pl). Chieftains This wasused by the Valarin to refer to them-selves. This is an irregular pluralconstruction in later Quenya, how-ever, more normally being Ingwi
see also: Ingwe, -rIngwe Ingweron phr. Chief of the
chieftains This was the proper ti-tle of Ingwe as high king (PM:340)
see also: Ingwe-inqua gram. grammar-adjective-
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from-noun, full This is the adjec-tival ending, turning a noun into anadjective. It is seen in words likealcarinqua = ”glorious” (WJ:412)from alcar ”glory”. Taryn - I am notsure if this is a universal usage as En-glish has many such ending for differentsituations . Etymologically, -inquameans ”-full”, like ”glory-full” inthis case.
intya n. guess, supposition, ideaetymology: INK- = to guess
intya- v. guess, suppose, hypoth-esise? To formulate a possible idea.
etymology: INK- = guessintyale n. imagination That with
which to think/guess/supposeetymology: INK- = to guesssee also: intya-
inwisti n. mind-mood (MR:216,471) Taryn - not sure if this is a feelingor emotion or something else entirely -will wait til I see confirmation
inya adj. female Used when refer-ring to something that is female.Compare with the word nı whichrefers to something that ”is” a fe-male (though this is an archaic wordand hardly used) or nis = ”woman”.Also contrast with hanwa = ”male”(adj)
etymology:related: n:nı, antonym:hanwasee also: hanwa, nı, nis
-inyaetymology: -nyarelated:
inye pron. I the emphatic formof ”I” used when you are speakingabout ”I in particular” Taryn - I’mguessing the emphatic is the quenya
equivalent of the Gaelic ”fein”-ion gram. grammar-genitive-
plural This is known as the geni-tive pl. ending , making a noun intoa reference to the fact that some-thing comes of the noun: eg HerenIstarion = ”Order of Wizards” Taryn- will get back to it when I get to that inthe course
ıre conj. when This is used as a re-lational word, not the questioningform. Taryn - eg ”x is done when yhas happened” or ”when the moon hasrisen...” (FS)
ıre n. wish, desireetymology: ID- → ıdı = desire,
heart, wishrelated: adj:ırima
ırima adj. lovely, desirable FSetymology: ID- → ıdı = desire,
heart, wishrelated: n:ıre
ırisse phr. lovely-woman, femi-nine name (PM:345)
see also: ırima, -isseIrmo n. desirer, Vala The name
of the Vala normally called Lorien,(though Lorien is properly the placewhere he dwells) (WJ:402)
see also: ıre, -moIsil n. Moon NB no article is used
if talking about ”The moon” (FS;SA:sil, Appendix E, SD:302)
etymology: I + THIL = ”thesheen” and also I + SIL = ”the silver-light”
Isildi phr. moon-stuff? The metalthat reflects only moonlight andstarlight (referred to in LotR andused to mark the gates of Moria)
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see also: IsilIsildur phr. moon-servant, mas-
culine name The heir to thethrone of Gondor in the last days ofthe 2nd age. It was Isildur that cutthe ring form the finger of Sauron,but also was enslaved by it andcaused it to be lost. SA:sil, AppendixA
see also: -dur,Isilisilme n. moonlight occurring in
Markirya; MC:215see also: Isil,-me
Isilya n. day #3 The third day of theEldarin six-day week, dedicated tothe Moon (Appendix D)
see also: Isil-isse gram. grammar-feminine-
ending A feminine ending, as inırisse (PM:345) Taryn - I’ve beenguessing it as ”woman” but maybe it’snot so specific as that...
ista- v. knowetymology: IS- = to knowrelated: past tense : sinte
Istar n. Wizard from Heren Istarion”Order of Wizards” (UT:388) Taryn -I got this from the Corpus Wordlist andi am leery of it - given that you can’thave ”one Istar” when it’s in the plu-ral. I think maybe ”Istarion” means ”ofknowledges”, and doesn’t refer specifi-cally to it’s members, in which vase ”Is-tar” means ”knowledges” - as it appearsto do, and thus has nothing specificallyto do with referringt o a wizard.
istima adj. wise, learned, knowl-edeable Refers to someone thathas great Knowledge. Taryn - Notethe i - it really isn’t a plural of ista- - so
I’m interested to see how it’s formedetymology: IS- = to knowsee also: ista-
Istimor phr. The Wise, NoldorThis is a name referrring to theNoldor as ”The Wise”. Taryn - I don’tknow why they were considered wise. Ialso find the pluralisation strange a- toor ?
see also: istima, -ristya n. knowledge Taryn - There ap-
pears no differentiator in Etym betweenthis and ista .
etymology: IS- = to knowsee also: ista
istyar n. scholar, learned manOne who studies knowledge Taryn -but how does pluralising make it into anagential form? What does -ya do any-way?
see also: istya, -rita- [iti] v. sparkle This is the act
of sparkling note there is also theact that causes an object to sparkle:tinta (SA:ril, PM:363)
related: n : tinwe, causative :tinta
see also: ıta, tinta, tinweıta n. flash (PM:363)itila v (active). twinkling, glinting
Taryn - I feel this is most likely just theactive participle of ita- (see -la) whichwould mean that ita- has a stem formof iti- - but I have to confirm this beforesupposing that - it may be that sparkleand twinkle are two separate things inquenya - sparkle being many lights andtwinkle/glint being a succession of sin-gle flashes.
see also: ita-
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Itaril, Itarille, Itarilde phr.sparkling flame, name-femAll variants of the same femalename, Sindarized as Idril (PM:346,348; SA:ril) Taryn - I theorise thisas ”sparkling flame” but could be”sparkling fire” or even ”sparking fire”- also: not sure what the ending -demeans
see also: ita-, ril, -le-iva, -ive ?. ? Taryn - I know posses-
sives are in the course so I’ll leave thisuntil I read that section plural pos-sessive ending in Eldaiva, Eldaive(WJ:369)
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L
-l gram.see also: -lye
-la gram. grammar-active-participle This suffix is usedto turn a verb into an adjective -in conjunction with stem-vowel-lengthening and the possibleaddition of an intervening vowel.The resulting adjectivised-verb isusually known either as an activeparticiple or a past participle (asomewhat misleading term whichmeans I tend to use the former).For a-stem vowels, the stem-vowelis lengthened (if possible) and thesuffix added (eg mapa- becomesmapala). For non-a-stem vowelsan intervening vowel is addedbetween the verb-stem and the suf-fix. It would be my advice to addthe stem-vowel, but the attestedforms are so-far non-existant (egtul- becomes tulula). Itseems tobe that if the vowel-lengtheningwould produce a sound that is notpermitted in Quenya (eg a longvowel before a consonant cluster)then it is not lengthened, but thereis no supporting doc for this - justsome examples that seem to be thisway Taryn - can’t rem which ones theyare .
la ?adj. no, not Taryn - I am unsure
about this as I was told this word didnot exist. In any case, I’ve left it in hereuntil I get confirmation that it has beenoverridden, as it is not listed in Etymas ”struck out”. I am not sure whetherit mean ”the lack of”, rather than ”no!”(in the imperative form). At this mo-ment your guess is as good as mine.I am also aware that this stem (LA-) causes interference with words de-scended from the stem G-LADA- .
etymology: LA- = no, notrelated: synonyms : il-,umesee also: lala-
la comparative. beyond, more-thanla has other uses, but can be usedin the comparative form of an ad-jective thus: ”A na calima la B” tomean ”A is bright beyond B” (orsubstitute adjective as appropriate)
lac- v. swallow Also related to thewrod lanco = throat
etymology: LAK- = swallowlahta- v. ? Taryn - no clue what this
word means - HF says it is ”not clearlyglossed” QL:50
related: past tense : lahantelaice adj. acute, keen, sharp Also
used of acuteness or keenness ofperception.
etymology: LAIK = acute, keen,sharp
laime n. shade The run-together
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shadows or general state of shadow,either caused by casting of shadowsby objects or a dark night or en-closed room etc etc. tor efer to a spe-cific shadow or shade caused by asingle object, use leo
etymology: From DAY = shadowsee also: leo
laiqua adj. greenetymology: LAYAK → laik-wa =
greenLaiquendi phr. Green-elves,
name-group Taryn - Not surewhat group of elves this refers to, possthe Teleri ? Interesting the infusionof laiqua into quendi... (WJ:385,SA:quen-/quet-)
etymology: Translated from Sin-darin Laegil, Laegelrim
see also: laiqua, quendilaira adj. shady Something covered
or enclosed in shade, or somethingthat is inherently shady (eg the areaunder trees
etymology: From DAY = shadowsee also: laime
laire n. summer In the calendar ofImladris a precisely defined periodof 72 days, but also used withoutany exact definition (Appendix D)Taryn - seems to be related to laiqua= ”green” - pos a ref for the ”generic”green of lai?
laire n. poemetymology: GLIN = poem or lay :
related to LIN- = to singLairelosse phr. Summer-snow,
name-tree The name of a tree per-haps with white flowers. (UT:167)Taryn - what tree? is there a more defi-
nite ref?see also: laire, losse
laita- v. bless, praise From the fa-mous phrase: a laita, laita te! An-dave laituvalmet! ... Cormacolin-dor, a laita tarienna ”bless them,bless them! Long shall we blessthem! ... [The] Ring-bearers, praise[them] to [the] height!” (LotR3:VI ch.4, translated in Letters:308)
laitale n. praising Isolated from Eru-laitale (UT:166, 436) Taryn - This isa nouned-verb... as yet I’m not sure ifthis is an unusual form or regular so willcome back and remove it if it is regular.
see also: laita, lelaive n. ointment, salve
etymology: LIB- → laibe = oint-ment
lala ?adj. not Taryn - see la for discus-sion
etymology: LA- = no/notsee also: la
lala- v. laugh Do not confuse withthe homonym that means ”deny”,which is descended from the stemLA- = no/not. PM:359
etymology: Etym G-LADArelated: past tense : lande
lala- v. deny Do not confuse withthe homonym that mean ”laugh”which is descended from the stemG-LADA
etymology: LA- = no/notLalwende, Lalwen phr. laughing
maiden, name-fem (PM:343)Taryn - this is listed as ”lalwende” - how-ever. the consonant cluster ”lw” is non-standard and i don’t know if it is actuallyallowed
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80 L
see also: lala-, wendelama n. ringing sound, echo Re-
lated to lamya- = ”to sound”, obvi-ousy bells can be sounded to causelama. To refer to ”a sound” in amore general way (not necessarily aringing one), use lamma.
etymology: LAM- = to soundsee also: lamma, lamya-
laman [lamn-] n. animal, beast,mammal usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptilesand birds (WJ:416) contrast withcelva which refers to all types of an-imals
related: pl : lamnisee also: celva
lamatyave n. sound-taste Refersto the individual pleasure inthe sounds and forms of words(MR:215, 471)
see also: lamma, tyavelamba n. tongue This word refers
to a physical tongue as part of thebody rather than a language whichis lambe (relating itself to the phys-ical version).
etymology: LAB- = licklambe n. tongue (lang), lan-
guage, tengwa #27 This is theusual word for ’language’ in non-technical/vernacular use. For ex-ample: Lambe Valarinwa = ”thevalarin tongue” (WJ:368, 394). Theformal word is Taryn - probablyquetil
related: synonym : quetilLambengolmor phr. Language-
masters, linguists More prop-erly: ”Loremasters of Tongues”, a
school founded by Feanor (WJ:396)see also: lambe, ngolmo
lamina adj. echoingetymology: LAM- = to soundsee also: lama
lamma [lam-] n. sound This refersin general to a sound made bysomething.
etymology: LAM- = to soundlamya- v. to sound The exact nature
of this word is not made clear, butI presume it means to cause some-thing to make sound eg ”sound thehorns”.
etymology: LAM- = to soundlanco n. throat
etymology: LAK- = swallowlanda adj. wide Ued in a sens
of ”wide, open and empty” as inI Nori Landar = the wide/greatlands. (note: the use of r to pluralisean adjective ending in -a is an olderidea. Mature Quenya would nor-mally require an adjective like landato be pluralised as lande).
etymology: LAD- = widelango n. sword (broad), broad-
sword This is also used idiomati-cally for the prow of a ship.
etymology: LAG- = ?broad?lannat n. weft Taryn - There does not
seem to be a word for warp.etymology: LAN- = weavesee also: lanwa, lanya-
lanne n. cloth, tissue Presumably,anything material made throughweaving.
etymology: LAM- = weavesee also: lanwa
lanta n. fall A fall - when a person hasfallen
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etymology: From DAT = falldown
see also: lanta-lanta- v. fall (Nam, RGEO:66)
etymology: From DAT = falldown
lanwa n. loom That which youweave upon. Weave = lanya-
etymology: LAN- = weavesee also: lannat
lanya- v. weaveetymology: LAN- = weaverelated: synonyms : nat-, nut-
lappa n. hem Refers to the hem of arobe Taryn - not sure if it could be thengeneralised
lapse n. babe, infant Taryn - I postu-late that this may mean something like”dribble” - due to it’s similarity to lapsa= the frequetative form of lav- = lick
etymology: LAP = babelar n (pl). ears A pair of ears, presum-
ably the singular would be la, butthis is not attested in Etym.
etymology: LAS- = listenlar n. league, pause A linear mea-
sure, 5000 rangar in length. Aranga is approximately 38 inches(96.4 cm), so a lar would be approxi-mately 5277 yards, two feet and fourinches (4826 m) - close enough to thelength of an English league (5280yards) to justify this translation. Thebasic meaning of lar is ”pause”; inmarches a brief halt was made foreach league. (UT:285)
lara adj. flat HFs course Taryn - is this inany way related to a lar?
etymology: From DAL = flatlarca adj. swift, rapid, fast Also re-
lated to alarca = ”rushing”
etymology: LAK- = swiftlasse n. leaf
etymology: LAS = leafLasselanta, lasse-lanta n. leaf-
fall, Autumn, October This isused (as is quelle) for the latterpart of autumn and the beginningof winter (Appendix D, Letters:428);It is thus also used as an alternativename for October (PM:135).
related: dual : lassetsee also: lanta, lasse, lassewinta
lassemista phr. leaf-grey Anothername for the rown-tree of Quick-beam’s song LotR2:III ch. 4, trans-lated in Letters:224 - referring to thegrey-green leaves of a Rowan tree.
related: sysnonyms : carnimıre,orofarne
see also: lasse, mistalassewinta n. leaf-scatter This is a
variant of lasselanta (PM:376)see also: lasse,winta-
lasta n. hearing, listening An abil-ity to listen/hear.
etymology: LAS- = listenlasta- v. listen compare with hlar- =
”hear”etymology: LAS- = listen
Lastalaica phr. sharp-eared,sharp-hearing Taryn - Not glossedas to whether it is a masculine orfeminine name
see also: laice, lastalatin(a) adj. open, clear/free of
obstacle, cleared (in ref toland)
etymology: LAT- = lie openlatta n. strap eg a leather strap hold-
ing something.
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82 L
etymology: LATH = string, thonglatta n. hole, pit Something to fall
intoetymology: From DAT = fall
downsee also: lanta-
latya- v. open ELFlauca adj. warm
etymology: LAW = warmlaume, lau no indeed not, on the
contrary Used for asking incredu-lous questions.
etymology: Comes directly from:la + ume = ”no” + ”not”
see also: la, umelaure adj. golden Refers to golden
light and colour, not of the metal,and, more specifically, to the light ofthe Golden tree Laurelin.
etymology: GLAW(-R)- =”golden”
laurea adj. golden, gold-likeRefers to golden light and colour,not of the metal.
see also: laureLaurelin phr. gold-dew? The name
of the Golden Tree of Valinor. Taryn- a guessed translation for -lin but itmakes sense given the context (SA,Letters:308)
see also: laure, -linLaurenande phr. Gold-valley Also
known as Lorien (UT:253) Taryn -what is the meaning of -de in this case?
etymology: laure, -nanrelated:
laurinque n. golden one Thename of a tree, more literally, itmeans ”Gold-full one” (UT:168).
see also: -inqua, laure
Laurelindorinan phr. Valleyof Singing Gold, name-place An earlier name of Lorien(UT:253); From the entish name:laurelindorenan lindelorendormalinornelion ornemalin literally:”Goldenlight-music-land-valleymusic-dream-land of yellow-treestree-yellow”, Quenya elementsagglutinated in Entish fashion; thissupposedly means something like”the valley where the trees in agolden light sing musically, a landof music and dreams; there areyellow trees there, it is a tree-yellowland” (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated inLetters:308).
see also: laure, lind-, -nanlav- v. lick Can be used poetically
to mean cover as in Namarie (Nam),possibly as in Enligh ”lick of paint”
etymology: LAB- = lickrelated: past tense : lave, fre-
quentative : lapsasee also: lamba
lav- v. yeild, allow, grant To giveway and allow something, or tomake room for something to occur.
etymology: From DAB = giveway/make room
lavaralda n. name-tree some kindof tree Taryn - possibly ”yielding tree”?sounds like willow, but that’s tasar .”licking tree” would be interesting, butnot sure how :) (LR:57)
see also: alda, lav-?-lda ?. ? Taryn - leaving this one til
confirmed ”your” (sg.), possessivesuffix attested only in the phraseArwen vanimalda ”Arwen your
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beauty”, sc. ”O beautiful Arwen”,and in meletyalda ”your majesty”(WJ:369) Arwen vanimalda waschanged to Arwen vanimelda in thesecond edition of LotR, so Tolkienmay have decided to re-interpretthe phrase as ”Arwen, beautiful Elf(Elda)”. The ending for ”your” ap-pear as -lya elsewhere; -lda may beused in vocatives only. (LotR1:II ch.6)
-le gram. ? Taryn - seems to be some sortof ”verb to noun” or something - possi-bly ”adjective to noun” - can’t rem theexample now... I have seen it used alsoto indicate a noun that is the ”product ofsomething” eg nand e a harp, producesnandel e = ”harping”
lehta adj. free, released as in lehtatengwe VT39:17, no doubt there isalso a secondary, noun-meaning tolehta as in sarda
lehta- v. loose, release, slackenTaryn - Both leuca and lehta- werelisted together with the gloss as”loose/slacken” - so I don’t knowwhether they both refer to the samething, or what the subtle difference is.
etymology: LEK- = set loosesee also: leuca-
lelya- v. go, proceed, travel Tomove in a direction. This is a highlyirregular verb.WJ:362
related: past t. : lende, active par-ticiple : elendie
lemba adj. left behind One whotarries adn stay’s behind while oth-ers go on - related to Lembi = theTeleri/Ilkorin that were left behindwhile the others went on the Vali-nor.
etymology: LEB-/LEM-(tarry/stay) → leb-na = left be-hind
Lembi n. Those left behind Theelves that were left behind as theothers went on to Valinor - generallyused of the Teleri and Ilkorin. Re-lated to lamba = ”left behind”
etymology: LEB-/LEM-(tarry/stay) → leb-na = left be-hind
lemnar n. The valarin week ”TheValian week had 5 days, dedicated(1) to Manwe: (Ar)Manwen (2)to Ulmo: (Ar)Ulmon (3) to Auleand Yavanna: (Ar)Veruen (of thespouses) (4) to Mandos and Lo-rien: (Ar)Fanturion Taryn - ?veil-controllers? (5) to the three youngergods: Osse, Orome and Tulkas:Nessaron or Neldion. The 73 weekswere divided into 12 months of 6weeks.” Etym:LEP-
etymology: LEP = fivelempe n. five cardinal five
etymology: LEP- = fivelende v (pa t). went, departed Past
tense of the general verb linna- =”to go”. This is the general formof the word, as compared to vanwawhich refers to things that have de-parted and will never return, orauta- which is used of things thatpass from mind, rather than physi-cally go.
etymology: LED- = go, travelrelated: synonyms : auta-,
vanwaleneme phr. permitted, with
leave ie with permission granted.
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84 L
Genitive: lenemeo = ”with leave of”(SD:246)
Lenwe ?. ?, name-masc? Taryn - isthere a translation? The leader of theNandor (Nandorin Denweg, primi-tive Denwego) (WJ:412)
leo n. shade, shadow Refers toa single shadow, or patch of shadecaused by the blocking of light by anobject. General, run-together shadeis laime
etymology: From DAY = shadowsee also: laime
lepse n. fingeretymology: LEP (five)→ LEPET
= fingerlerya- v. release, free, let-go HF:8lesta n. measure, measurement?
A word occurring in FS - this is ”ameasure” Taryn - not sure of exat-ness, but I’d guess something like ”tak-ing a person’s measure” as an example- possibly more like a ”measurement”
Lestanore phr. Doriath, name-place Taryn - not at all sure what ”Do-riath” is as a translation - I’m assumingthis is translated ”measure-land” or per-haps ”measured land” (WJ:369)
see also: lesta, noreleuca- v. loose, release, set-
free, slacken Taryn - Both leucaand lehta- were listed together with thegloss as ”loose/slacken” - so I don’tknow whether they both refer to thesame thing, or what the subtle differ-ence is.
etymology: LEK- = set loosesee also: lehta-
leuca n. snake (Appendix E)-li gram. plural suffix, many Plu-
ralises a word in such a way as
to denote a group or subsection ofa larger group. For example: El-dar refers to the larger group ofElves, wheras Eldali refers to acertain group of elves, or ”severalelves”. This word is related tolie = a people-group = ”many peo-ple”. Note: some people still do nottrust this definition enough to useit - Tolkien threw a few curve-ballsinto his descriptions of this plural.There is a good discussion of thesurrounding issues on Helge’s web-site.
related: synonyms : -i, -rlıco n. wax This is the sticky sub-
stance, rather than to do withmoons. (Markirya comments,MC:223)
lıcuma n. taper, candlesee also: lıco
lie n. folk, people, race, ethnic-group Note that this is a singu-lar word (regardless of it encom-passing many individuals) and thusverbs and adjectives are not plu-ralised when referring to it.
etymology: LI = manylin- adj. many-having A suffix often
used in compound words implyingthat there are many fo the subjectbelonging to the object. Related tothe partitive -li
see also: -lilillassea phr. many leaves From
ve tauri lillassie, lit. ”like many-leaved forests”, is translated ”likeleaves of forests” in MC:215
see also: lasse, lin-lilta- v. dance
etymology: LILT- = dance
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limba n. drop Refers to a drop ofliquid (something that might drip)rather than the effect of droppingsomething.
etymology: LIB- = to driplimpe n. wine The drink of the Valar.
Literally meaning just ”drink” ( as anoun)
etymology: LIP (unglossed)-lin n. dew?, mist?, falling-
water? Taryn - guessed from Lorellinbut perhaps this is related to the songof the Ainur? Water was meant to beclosest to the song... unfortunately thenthere’s laurelin which is the golden tree- but then that made a golden dew - per-haps this word bemans dew?
lin [lind-] n. music More precisely”a musical sound” (Letters:308)Taryn - what is the diff between thisand lır e?
see also: linda-, linde,lırelinda- v. sing HFs course
see also: lir-linda adj. beautiful, fair, sweet-
sounding Used especially of thevoice. When referring to looks, it isbetter to use vanya or vanima
etymology: LIND = fair (esp ofvoice)
related: synonyms : vanima,vanya
lindale, lindele n. musicLindar n. Singers, name-group
what the Teleri called themselves(WJ:380, MR:349, UT:253)
linde n. air, tune, songetymology: LIN = to sing
lindele n. musicetymology: LIN- = to singsee also: linde
Lindi n. singers What the Green-elves called themselves; also used inExilic Quenya (WJ:385)
see also: Lindarlindo n. singer, song-bird Gener-
ally refers to a singing bird, a sen-tient singer is usually referred to asnyello
Lindon, Lindone phr?. Lindon,name-place Taryn - possibly a ”Lon-don” gloss? does it mean ”song-place”or something? (WJ:385)
see also: linLindorie phr. name-fem Perhaps
”She that arises in song” (compareMelkor ”He that arises in Might”)(Silm)
see also: linda-lindornea adj. oaked Having many
oak trees. Taryn - I am unsure of the et-ymology of this owrd, but it was glossedas such in the etymologies
linga- v. hang, dangleetymology: LING- = hang
lingwe n. fish Note also hala = ”littlefish”
etymology: LIW → linwi = fishrelated: synonyms : hala
lingweloke n. sea-dragon, sea-serpent Literally ”fish dragon”
see also: lingwe, lokelinna- v. go, fare, depart, travel
This is the general form of the word”go”, as compared to vanya whichrefers to depart and will never re-turn, or auta- which is used ofthings that pass from mind, ratherthan physically go, or lelya- whichrefers to travelling only.
etymology: LED- = go, travel
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related: synonyms : auta-, lelya-,vanya-
-linnaretymology: -li,-nna,-rrelated:
linque adj. wetetymology: LINKWI = wetrelated: synonyms: nenda,
micsa, antonym : parcalinta adj. swift (Nam, RGEO:66)linya n. pool
etymology: LIN = poollinyenwa adj. old, many-yeared
Please note that this word does notconnote weakness as Elves are im-mortal. The Noldorin word for thatis ingem = ”year-sick” Taryn - I’d likethis word translated into Quenya - pos-sibly ”yenenqwa” - though this seemstoo cumbersome
lipsa n. salveetymology: LIB- →GLIB → libda
= salvelir- v. sing, trill, chant
etymology: LIR- = sing/trilllıre [lıri-] n. song instrumental
lırinen ”in [the] song” or ”by [the]song” (Nam, RGEO:67)
see also: linlirulin n. lark (MR:238, 262) Taryn -
instrument of song? but is song = lin or?lır e?
see also: lir-,linlis, lissen [. l i
etymology: srelated: -see also: s
]nhoneyLIS = honeylisse adj. sweet Nam Idionmatically
from lissen = ”honey”etymology: LIS = honey
litse n. sandetymology: LIT = sand
-llo ?. ? Taryn - this seems right butI won’t add it until I get to that part inthe course ablative ending, ”from”or ”out of”, e.g. sindanoriello ”outof a grey land”, Romello ”from theEast”, Mardello ”from Earth” (FS)
-lma ?. ? Taryn - will leave this un-til I reach it in the course pronomi-nal ending ”our”, attested (with thegenitive ending -o that displaces fi-nal -a) in the word omentielmo ”ofour meeting”. This ”our” is pluralinclusive. Frodo (it seems) improp-erly used it in the greeting ”a starshines on the hour of our meeting”:Since he and the Elf he was speak-ing to constituted only two persons,he should have used the dual in-clusive instead. The correct formomentielvo occurs in some of themanuscripts of the Red Book. SeeLetters:447.
-lme ?. ? Taryn - will leavethis until I doit in the course pronominal endingfor inclusive ”we”, sc. ”we” includ-ing the person that is spoken to. Ex-emplified in laituvalmet ”we shallbless them” (lait-uva-lme-t ”bless-shall-we-them”) (LotR3:VI ch. 4,translated in Letters:308)
lo n. night A single night - referringto ”a night” such as one might referto ”a day” without meaning specifi-cally ”Night”
etymology: From DO = nightsee also: lome
loa, lo-? n. growth, year (sea-sonal) This word literally means
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”growth” but is generally used fora solar year when seasonal changesare considered (coranar is used infor the strictly astronomical sense)In PM:126 loa is translated ”time ofgrowth” and it is this year that isgenerally split up into the seasons(as they are related to the differentstages of the growth cycle). Theyear began with yestare, the day be-fore tuile and ended with mettare,the day immediately after coire
loc- v. bend, loop (SA)loce [loci-] n. snake, serpent,
dragon Literally ”looped”etymology: LOK- = great serpentsee also: loc-
locse n. hair Taryn - Was Tolkien ob-sessed with hair? there are just somany words for it! what’s the differ-ence between them all? I can’t figureit out - i’ve guessed a few times (prob-ably incorrectly) and I’m just going tostop until I can be a little more certain.I have a vague idea that this really isa play on words - it is a ”lock” of hair- but who knows? it isnt glossed assuch, though there is a related wordthat means ”ringlet”. The word is ob-viously realtd to LOK- which seems torefer to something bent or looped, so alock of hair makes some sense in thiscase, but I’m sure there’s another wordfor it somewhere else...
etymology: LOKH- = hairloende phr. year-middle Refers
to the middle (183rd) day of theNumenroean year, inserted be-tween the months of Narie andCermie (June and July) (Appendix
D)see also: endea
loico n. corpse, dead bodyFrom loicolıcuma ”corpse-candle”in Markirya Taryn - I’dlike to knowwhere this word stems from - must getto etym
lome [lomi-] n. night, night-time,gloom Refers to ”night” as a gen-eral material, rather than ”a night”in particular (which can be referredto simply as lo).
etymology: From DO → primi-tive dochme
lomea adj. gloomy in Lomeanor”Gloomyland”
see also: lomelomelinde phr. nightingale Lit-
erally means ”dark-song” or even”night-song”
etymology: lome (dark) + linde(song)
Lomion phr. dusk-child, twilight-child ”The Child of Twilight[dusk]” is the Quenya name Ared-hel secretly gave to Maeglin SA
see also: lomelona adj. dark Taryn - or is it the noun
”the dark”?etymology: From DOsee also: lome
lone [lono-] n. island Refers to anypiece of land alone, remote or hardto reach.
etymology: LONO- = ?alonesee also: Avallone
londe n. narrow pass, strait orpath generally used idiomaticallyof the entrance to a harbour as a”road in the sea”, thus: Alqualonde
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etymology: LOD → londe =strait/pass
lore n. slumber, sleepetymology: LOS- = sleep
loren, lor- n. dream (Letters:308)Taryn - but how does this relate toolos ? perhaps this is a dream assleeping-dream, whereas olos is awaking-dream or vision? or perhapsolos is more a Dream, than a dreamespecially as it seems to be closely re-lated to lorna = ”sleep”. I speculatethat this word may in fact be the verb”sleep” rather than ”dream”... I’ll haveto recheck the reference.
see also: olosLorellin phr. dream-lake More
literally ”slumber-lake”, this is thename of the lake where the ValieEste sleeps; (Silm)
see also: loren, -linLorien n. ?slumberer This is the
name of a Vala, but more properlythe place where he dwells, while hisreal name is Irmo (WJ:402) Taryn -Not sure exactly what it means, butit is obviously related to lor e = slum-ber/sleep
see also: lorelorna adj. asleep
etymology: LOS- = sleepsee also: lore
losse n. blossom technically refers tosmall, massing blossoms, but, dueto it’s close association with olosse(snow), it is generally used only ofwhite blossoms. Taryn - Though Ihave some speculation that this relationflows both ways.
etymology: LOT(H) = flower
lote n. flower A single, large flower.For small or massing flowers, uselosse (though this is generally usedof white blossom).
etymology: LOT(H) = flowerLotesse n. May, month #5 The fifth
month of the year, ”May” (AppendixD). this word obviously refers toMay as a time of ”flowering”.
see also: esse, lote-lme pron. we the pronoun-ending
meaning a group including oneselflu n. a time/occaision Taryn - Possi-
bly can refer to a time or date set for anoccaision.
etymology: LU = timeluce n. enchantment Taryn - possibly
interchangeable with ”magic” also, butnot specifically glossed as such
etymology: LUK =magic/enchantment
related: v : luhtaluhta- v. enchant
etymology: LUK =magic/enchantment
related: n : luceluine, luin adj. blue Nam, RGEO:66.
In Helluin, name of the star Sirius,and Luinil, name of another blue-shining star (or planet). (SA; Luinilis tentatively identified with Neptune,MR:435)
related: pl : luiniLumbar n. name-planet, Sat-
urn? Refers to a star (or planet),tentatively identified with Saturn(MR:435), evidently connected tolumbo, lumbule (Silm)
lumbe n. gloom, shadow Taryn -There are a number of words glossedas such - I haven’t yet the under-
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standing to discriminate between them,though comparing with the Noldorin off-shoots of this root, I’d say it was trulyaligned with ”shadow” wheras numer-ous others are more closer to dark-ness. Compare also with lumbul ewhich refers to heavy shadow.
etymology: LUM =gloom/shadow
related: synonyms : lumbule,lome
lumbo n. cloud Taryn - I would guessthis refers specifically to dark cloud -probably storms. This given that lum-bul e means shadow Markirya
see also: lumbulelumbule n. shadow refers
to heavy/dark shadow Nam,RGEO:67
lume n. darkness Markirya Taryn -probably a mistaken refernce to lumb e
lume n. hour, time Allativelumenna ”upon the hour”, elidedlumenn’ in the greeting elen sılalumenn’ omentielvo because thenext word begins with a similarvowel. The complete form lumennaomentielvo is found in WJ:367 andLetters:424.
etymology: LU = time?lumenyare n. history NB: history is
”a telling of a history” rather thanHistory = ?
etymology: LU = time + NAR =tell/relate
related: synonyms : quentale,lumequenta
lumequenta n. history, chrono-logical account Taryn - It’s notglossed in Etym, but my guess is that
this is a told or remembered history - asopposed to the generic ”History”.
see also: lume, quentalumequentale n. history Taryn -
The specifics of this are not noted inEtym. but I am assuming that thismeans ”History” as opposed to ”a his-tory” = a written, told or rememberedhistory = lumequenta
see also: lume, quentalelumna adj. burdensome, oppres-
sive, ominous, heavy Oftenused of cloud-cover
etymology: From DUB = lieheavy
see also: lumna-lumna- v. lie heavy, loom This is
a stative verb basically meaning ”tolie heavy” or ”to hang over oppres-sively” and is often used of heavycloud.
etymology: stem DUB- = lie, lieheavy
lune adj. blue Taryn - A far cry fromluin - which seems to be Doriathrin per-haps? I’ll need to figure out what’s go-ing on here sometime...
etymology: LUG → lugni = bluelunga adj. heavy
etymology: LUG = heavyLunoronti phr. Blue mountains
Presumably this is the range to thefar West of Eriador.
see also: lune, oronlunte n. boat Likely to refer to a
small craft, rather than a ”cutter”style ship = cirya
etymology: LUT- = float/swimrelated: synonyms : cirya
lusta adj. void, empty I presume
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the refernce to ”void” refers only tosomething empty, and not to a com-plete absence of anything (referredto by cuma)
etymology: LUS = emptyrelated: synonyms : cuma
luva n. bow Taryn - The weapon isquinga and to refer to something bentor bow-shaped, use cu so i don’t knowwhere this one comes from... (Ap-pendix E)
-lva ?. ? Taryn - leaving this ala allthe other grammatical bibs and bobstil I’ve reached that point in the coursepronominal ending, ”our”, of twopersons where one addresses theother (Letters:447). Only attested inthe genitive -lvo in the word omen-tielvo (see -lma). For this reasonit has been argued that the endingmay actually be -lwa, since thereis some evidence that wo wouldchange to vo in Quenya and the w of-lwa could be derived from the dualending -u. (FG)
-lya ?. ? Taryn - leaving it as always untilI reach this point in the course... seemsto be the possessive pronoun ”your”rather than ”you” pronominal suffix”thy, your” in tielyanna ”upon yourpath” (UT:22 cf. 51)
see also: -lye-lye, -l pron. you (plural), thou
(polite) 2nd person plural ”youall” or Polite Second person singu-lar: ”thou” eg: hiruvalye ”thoushalt find” (Nam, RGEO:67) Notethe full form -lye is usually onlyused either in polite speech, orwhen another suffix must be added
to the end (esp when there is botha subject and object pronoun on thesmae word as in mellyen = ”youlove me”)
see also: -nye
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ma, man interrogative. who Taryn -obviously this is a little hazy as yet soI’ll get back to it as I’m sure the coursewill cover this Nam cf. PM:357 note18, where a reference is made to theEldarin interrogative element ma,man. However, man is translated”what” in LR:59. Either Tolkienlater adjusted the meaning of theword, or it covers both ”who” and”what”.
ma n. handetymology: MAΞ→ maΞ = handrelated: dual : matsee also: maite
mac- v. cut, hew, cleaveetymology: MAK- = cleave (with
sword)Macalaure n. Gold-cleaver This
is the mother-name (never used innarrative) of Canafinwe = Maglorin Sindarin - he fifth son of Feanor(PM:353)
see also: laure, mac-macar n. swordsman, cleaver?
from Menelmacar Taryn - Perhapswould be usable to make the word”wood cutter”
see also: macil, mehtarmacar n. tradesman One engaged
in commercial activity - related tomanca- = ”to trade”
etymology: MBAKH- = exchange
macil n. sword Related to mac- = cutetymology: MAK- (cleave with
sword)→ makla = swordsee also: mac-, macar, maica
macsa adj. soft, pliant Glossed inreference to making dough - butcould also be general in nature.
etymology: MASAG = knead,make soft by rubbing
see also: macsemacse n. dough As a sub-
stance made soft and pliant throughkneading.
etymology: MASAG =knead/make soft through rub-bing
see also: macsamahalma n. throne locative pl. ma-
halmassen in Cirion’s Oath. (WJ:399)etymology: Adopted and
adapted from Valarin.Mahan n. ? Refers to one of the eight
chiefs of the Valar (Adopted andadapted from Valarin, but usuallytranslated as Aratar) Mahanaxarthe ”Doom Ring” of Aman; adoptedand adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)Taryn - I’m still to confused by this oneto untangle it today - this word wouldseem to me to be ”mahan-bones” tome - possibly the ”ring” is just an En-glish gloss for a committee of influentialpeople and the Quenya term refers to
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a skeleton - which makes some senseto me. but this would leave mahan tomean doom... which wasn’t preciselyspecified here so I’ll have to look thisup to check
mahta- v. handle, feeletymology: MAΞ (hand)→maΞ-
ta = ”to handle”mahta- v. weild a weapon, fight
Blended somewhat with the otherform of mahta-
etymology: MAK- (cleave) →makta = wield a weapon
mahtar n. fighter, warrior Morethe former than the latter (which ismore literally translated with ohtar)
etymology: MAK- (cleave) →makta = wield a weapon
Maia n. Beautiful (the) (MR:49), thelesser (= non-Vala) Ainur that en-tered Ea.
maica adj. sharp, piercing eg hen-dumaica = ”sharp eyes” (SA:maeg)
see also: macilmaile n. lust Presumably this is more
likely to refer to desire and greed(related and referred to with milme)rather than being of a specificallysexual nature (as the modern defini-tion geenrally means)
etymology: MIL-IK- = de-sire/greed
related: adj : maileasee also: milme
maite adj. handed Used whenreferring to properties of hands -eg Angamaite, morimaite, Telem-maite, but also coud be used for”heavy handed”
see also: matmaite [maisi-] adj. handy, skilled
etymology: MAΞ (hand) →maΞiti = handy
Maitimo phr. well-shaped onemother-name (never used in nar-rative) of Nelyafinwe = Maedhros(PM:353) Taryn - not sure how thisis created - mait e means handed, sohow does this create shaped? perhapssculpted?
maiwe n. gulletymology: MIW- = whin-
ing/mewlingsee also: aiwe
malda n. gold This is the word thatrefer to the actual metal. Comparewith laure which refer to goldenlight.
malda comparative. more HFs coursemalina adj. yellow (Letters:308)Malinalda phr. Yellow-tree A
name of Laurelin SA:mal- evidentlymalina + alda The translation ”Treeof Gold” in the Silmarillion Indexis free; malina means ”yellow”, not”gold(en)”.
see also: alda, malinamalinorne, mallorn phr. yellow-
trees Malinornelion is partitive pl.genitive of malinorne (Sindarisedas ”mallorn”) UT:167
related: pl : malinornimalle n. street, road
etymology: MBAL = streetmallorn This is a Sindarin word. The
quenya word is mallinornesee also: mallinorne
malo n. friend Glossed as an ”irreg-ular vocalism”, this word is relatedto the word mel- (platonic love).
etymology: MEL- = love (as
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friend)→ malosee also: mel-
malta, mal- n. gold, tengwa #18(Appendix E)
mama n. sheep in the singlar -(WJ:395)
mamil, amil n. mother Taryn -is amil a familiar form = ”mummy”?(UT:191)
mana ?. what is Taryn - to go in samecategory as man at present - ie I’ll getback to it A word translated ”whatis” in the sentence mana i-coimasEldaron ”what is the coimas of theEldar?” (PM:395, a variant reading inPM:402) Either it is ma ”what” + na”is”, or mana may itself be a unitaryword ”what”, and there is not reallyany word meaning ”is” in the sen-tence.
mana, man- adj. blessed, good,pure, unmarred (FS)
manar ?. doom/fate etc As formande, not glossed. Taryn - I don’tknow what form this word is in so i don’tknow the exact translation...
etymology: MANAD =fate/doom/fortune
see also: mandemanca- v. trade To swap, buy or oth-
erwise perform commercial activityetymology: MBAKH- = exchange
mancale n. commerce The trade orexhange of goods/credit...
etymology: MBAKH- (exchange)+ -le
manda n. prison, gaol, duress,doom
etymology: MBAD =prison/doom
see also: Angamandamande n. doom, final end, fate,
fortune (final bliss) Though notspecifically glossed as such, thisword came directly under the stemand seems to have the basic form
etymology: MANAD =doom/fate/final end etc
see also: manarMando n. The Imprisoner,
The Binder Generally lengthenedto Mandos = ”dread imprisoner”.Also known as Namo and Mori-mando (the latter when MBAD iscombined with MAN (spirit))
etymology: MBAD (gaol) + ?”-o”see also: Mandos
Mandos, Mandosse phr. DreadImprisoner, The Binder Theshort form is generally used. Hisreal name is Namo (WJ:402)
etymology: MBAD (prison) +osse = ”dread”
see also: Mando, Nuru, osseMandos, Mandost phr. Cas-
tle of Custody MR:350 The con-tracted form, is also used of theVala (though is actually a contractedform of Mandosse), but the fullform of this word is the place wherehe dwells.
see also: Mandosmanen ?. how Taryn - unsure if this
is the prepostion or whatever - will getback to it (PM:395)
manu n. departed spirit One whohas departed from life and becomea spirit
etymology: MAN- = a spirit (ei-ther departed or unborn)
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Manwe n. Blessed Being, holyspirit This vala was in charge of theair and winds.
etymology: MAN = holy-spirit(unborn or dearly departed) + -weOR Valarin: Manawenuz
Manwen, Armanwen n. Week-day #1 of the Valian week Thestart of the Valian week, dedicatedto Manwe. The word for week islemnar.
see also: Manwemapa- v. grasp, seize
etymology: MAP = lay a hold ofwith a hand
related: past tense : mampemaquet- v. ask Taryn - seems to be
”question-speak” or something similar(PM:403)
see also: ma,quet-mar n. earth earth as a substance and
”element” rather than ”The earth”(which is Ambar) ablative Mardello”from earth” (FS)
mar, -mar n. home, house, landof persons or peoples; also appear-ing as -mar in such words as Val-imar. Properly referring to wherea person/people abides so can thusencompass the small and large.
etymology: from mbarsee also: mar-
mar-,-mar v. abide, settle, fix-oneself UT:317 eg maruvan ”Iwill abide” (EO) Also in nameslike Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil (SA:bar)
mara adj. useful, fit, good Gener-ally used of things to express theirfitness and usefulness
etymology: MAG- (handle, use)→ magra = useful
maranwe n. destiny Taryn - Howdoes Tolkien differentiate between fateand destiny? The only difference I canfind is that fate often refers to just the fi-nal end-point - whereas destiny alwaysencompasses the whole of the path toget there also.
etymology: MBARAT =fate/doom + -we
related: synonyms: umbarmarcirya, Markirya n. ark lit.
”settling-ship” also the name of thepoem
see also: cirya, mar-marde n. hall NamMardil phr. name-masc, house-
friend ”House friend” is simplya literal translation which is moreproperly translated as: ”(one) de-voted to the house”, sc. of thekings (Appendix A; interpreted in Let-ters:386)
etymology: mar-, -dilrelated:
Mar-nu-Falmar phr. Home un-der Waves, Land under wavesA name of Numenor after theDownfall. (SA:falas)
see also: falma, nu, marmarta adj. fey, fated With a fate,
doom or wyrd upon oneetymology: MBARAT =
fate/doomsee also: marta
martya- v. destine To prophecy, orpredict one’s fate/doom/destiny
etymology: MBARAT =fate/doom
see also: marta,maranwe
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marya adj. pale, fallow, fawnetymology: MAD- = pale
massa n. bread HFs course Taryn - sohow does this differ from masta ?
massanie phr. breadgiver, ladyThis is used as a title of the highestwoman among any Elvish people,since she had the keeping and gift ofthe coimas. Also simply translated”Lady” (PM:404) Taryn - wonderingabout hte -ie ending - and whether thisshould be updated.
see also: massamasta n. bread Probably refers to
bread as baked goods, due to itsclose relation to masta-
etymology: MBAS- = kneadrelated: synonym : massa
masta- v. bake Specifically referringto the act of baking bread (ratherthan, say, a lamb roast), but bak-ing here refers to the entire processdue to the stem MBAS- meaning”knead”
etymology: MBAS- = kneadsee also: masta
mat- v. eatetymology: MAT- → mat- = eat
maure n. need Something that one iscompelled to have
etymology: MBAW- = com-pel/force
related: v:mauya-see also: mausta
mausta n. compulsionetymology: MBAW- = to com-
pel/forcerelated: v: mauya-see also: maure
mauya- v. compel, force To force-fully compel someone. To urge or
impel the same action, one woulduse ora- instead.
etymology: MBAW- = com-pel/force/oppress
see also: ora-me ?. ? Taryn - leaving it til the usual
”us”; mel-lumna ”us-is-heavy”, sc.”is heavy for us” (LR:47, mel- isevidently an assimilated form of men”for us”, dative of me); dual met ”us(two)”
-me n. Taryn - seems to be used whenreferring to the light shed by something- possibly specific to the ambient lightwhen certain bodies are present/absent(eg lome vs Isilm e - guessed frommany words incorporating light - now Ithink about it it may in fact be a moregeneral grammatical word referring tothe creation of an object from anotherobject - so moonlight (from moon) orshadows (from dark), but there’s also:cilme→ a choosing, so a nouned verb?→ I’ll hafve to come back to this.
mehtar n. swordsman? Taryn - notsure about this given that sword = macil,so far my only example is Calamehtar -attested to be ”bright swordsman”, alsogiven that swordsman is also defined asmacar which sounds more reasonableto me. Perhaps it’s related to ohtar andthus means - word-warrior?
etymology: Calamehtar, macilrelated:
mel- v. love (platonic) A per-son saying ”I love you” in this senseprobably means ”you are dear tome”
etymology: MEL- = love (asfriend)
related: n : melme, past tense
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: melle, adj : melin (loved), adj :melima (lovable), adj : nilda (lov-ing/friendly)
see also: melisse,melindoMelco n. Greedy One? Taryn - not
sure of the translation ehre as there isno specific gloss, but it does state theetymology through the primitive Mailikowhich seems to be related to mail e =”lust” and milca = ”greedy”
etymology: MIL-IK- (de-sire/greed)→ Mailiko = ?
Melcore, Melcor, Melco n.name-vala, mighty-rising therebellious Vala, the devil of theSilmarillion mythos. (WJ:402) Taryn- I’m not sure how either mighty orrising came out of this word, so will waituntil i’ve gone through the etym beforecommenting further
etymology: Older form Melcore”Mighty-rising” (hence the in-terpretation ”He that arises inpower”). Oldest form mbelekoro
Melcorohıni phr. Children ofMelkor, Orcs ”but the wiser say:nay, the slaves of Melkor; but nothis children, for Melkor had no chil-dren” (MR:416)
melda adj. beloved, dear Pleasenote that this is a word formed fromthe verb mel-, and therefore refersstrictly to platonic love, rather than”two lovers”
etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)
related: v : mel-meletya adj. mighty Taryn - what is
the difference between this is taura ?meletyalda phr. your mighty,
your majesty This is the
shortened form of the title AranMeletyalda ”king your mighty”(WJ:369)
see also: -lda, meletyamelima adj. loveable, pretty This
is the adjective: ”loveable”. Con-trast with melin which is also an ad-jective in mel-, but means ”loved”
etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)
related: v : mel-melin adj. dear This is the adjec-
tive: ”loved”. Contrast with me-lima which is also an adjective inmel-, but means ”loveable”
etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)
related: v : mel-melindo n. male lover Remember,
the word mel- (love) is used in apurely platonic sense.
etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)
related: v : mel-melisse n. female lover Remem-
ber, the word mel- (love) is used ina purely platonic sense.
etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)
related: v : mel-melme n. love The concept of love
itself... or should that be Love?etymology: MEL- = love (as
friends)related: v : mel-
men n. place, spot Related to mena= region
etymology: MEN = place/spotsee also: mena
mena n. regionetymology: MEN = place/spot
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see also: menmene phr. on us Taryn - not sure if this
is needed, but have kept it here just incase it’s some sort of unusual form ofsomething - will get back to it (SD:310)
Menel n. heavens, sky ”the appar-ent dome in the sky”(MR:387)
Meneldil n. Heaven-friend, as-tronomer, name-? (Appendix A;Letters:386)
see also: -dil, menelMeneldur phr. name-masc,
Heaven-servant (Appendix A)Menelmacar phr. sky-
swordsman, orion, name-constellation ”Swordsman of theSky”, the Orion constellation (alsocalled Telumehtar, Appendix E,first footnote); the older name wasMenelmacil = ”Heaven-sword”(WJ:411);
Menelmacilsee also: macil, menel, Menel-
macarMeneltarma phr. Pillar of
Heaven, name-place This isthe name of the great mountain ofNumenor (SA:tar).
see also: menel, tarmaMenelya n. day #5 The fifth day of
the Eldarin six-day week, dedicatedto the heavens (Appendix D)
see also: menelmente n. point, end The final point
of something. Related to metya-= ”to put an end to”, thus imply-ing that this is not only a physicalpoint/nd, but can also be temporal
etymology: MET- = endsee also: metya-
mer- v. wish, desire, want Also re-lated to meren = feast
etymology: MER- =wish/desire/want
merca adj. wild violent and sudden -similar to verca
etymology: MBEREK = wildrelated: synonyms : naraca,
vercamere n. a wish or desire Note this
a ”a desire” not Desire itselfetymology: MER- to wish
meren, menende [merend-] n.feast, festival the shortened formmeren is often used when speak-ing of it as singluar - which is whythe longer version is provided as thestem-form.
etymology: MBER = feastrelated: pl : merendi,adj:merya
merya adj. festiveetymology: MBER- = feastrelated: n:meren
meryale n. holiday, festivityrelated: adj:merya,n:merensee also: merya,-le
met pron. us (two) This word in-cludes the dual ending -t. Me(LR:56) evidently means ”we”
see also: meMetelaire phr. August (alt) An al-
ternative name of August (PM:135)Taryn - ”end of summer”?
see also: laire, mettaMeterrıve phr. January (alt) An al-
ternative name of January (PM:135)Taryn - end of winter?
see also: metta, hrıvemetima adj. last (Markirya) This si
obviously related to metta = ”last”see also: metta
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metta, met- n. end For example inAmbar-metta ”world-end” mean-ing: ”the end of the world” (EO)
mettare phr. end-day, new-years-eve New Years’ Eve in both the cal-ender of Imladrais and of Numenor(Appendix D) In imlaidris it falls di-rectly after coire, in the Calendar ofNumenor, it falls as does the calen-dar of men.
see also: are, mettametya- v. end, stop To put an end to
or cause to stop. This word seems torelate to the forced ending of some-thing at once, as opposed to telya-which appears to refer to the conclu-sion/ending of something in a nat-ural way. It refers in general to the”creation of an end-point” for some-thing - as evidenced by its root MET-= ”end”
etymology: MET- = endsee also: mente
mi adv. in, withinetymology: MI = inside
mı phr. in the This is an unusual ab-breviation of the longer: mi i Nam
see also: i, mimicsa adj. wet Taryn - Note that a re-
lated Noldorin word is glossed ”moist” -which may provide the differential clusebetween this and linqu e
etymology: MISK = wetrelated: synonyms : linque,
antonyms : parcamilca adj. greedy
etymology: MIL-IK- desirerelated: n : milme
milme n. Desire, greed This is theproper form for Desire, rather than”a desire”
etymology: MIL-IK- = desire?related: synonyms : maile (lust)
mer- (want), adj: milca (greedy)milya- v. long for
etymology: MIL-IK- = desiresee also: milme
Minalcar phr. name-masc, First-glory? Taryn - but first = minya sonot sure at all, and I’d say car = ”made”so first-made? perhaps ”first-born?”,but this contrasts with Minn onar (Ap-pendix A)
Minardil phr. name-masc”minar[?]-friend”. Perhaps mi-nar is to be understood as a variantof minas (s being voiced to z bycontact with the voiced plosivethat follows, and then regularlybecoming r); if so, the name means”Tower-friend” (Appendix A) Taryn -I disagree with this one, but don’t havea solution to offer in return yet
see also: -dilminas n. tower Generally refers
to singular or isolated prominentthings and is probably related tominya = ”first”
Minastan phr. name-masc,Tower-maker (Appendix A)
see also: minas, -tanMinastir phr. name-masc, Tower-
watcher, tower-guard (Ap-pendix A)
see also: minas, tir-minda adj. prominent, conspicu-
ousetymology: MINI- = to stand
alone or stick outmindo n. isolated tower
etymology: MINI- to standalone/stick out
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mindon n. great tower, loftytower Taryn - this is listed as aNoldorin word in Etym, however, thereare multiple Quenya words htat seem todescend from it... so I’ll leave it here forhte time being until I figure out the realdeal
etymology: MINI- (to standalone) + TUN ?hill→ minitaun
Mindolluin phr. Blue TowerThis is the name of a mountain.Note the assimilation from Mindonto ”mindol” (Christopher Tolkientranslates the name as ”ToweringBlue-head” in the Silmarillion In-dex, but this seems to be based onthe questionable assumption that itincludes the Sindarin element dol”head, hill”. Unless this transla-tion is given in his father’s papers,the name is better explained as aQuenya compound.)
see also: luin, mindonmine n. one cardinal one
etymology: MINI- = to standalone/stick out
related: ord : minyaminna prep. into To the inside
etymology: MI = insidesee also: mi
Minnonar phr. First-born, name-group Elves (as contrasted toApanonar, the After-born, Men).(WJ:403) Taryn - could this be morecorrectly ”before-born” (given themeaning of apa- = after). Thus min- =”before”?
see also: minya, nonaminque n. eleven cardinal eleven.
Note it’s obvious relation to mine
etymology: MINIK-W = ?to standalone + ”K-W”
see also: mineminya n. first ordinal one
etymology: MINI- = to standalone/stick out
related: card : mineMinyar n. Firsts the original name
of the Vanyar (or rather the directQuenya descendant of the originalPrimitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)
see also: mine, minyaMinyatur phr. First-ruler As in
Tar-Minyatur = ”High First-ruler”,title of Elros as the first Kingof Numenor (SA:minas, PM:348,SA:tur)
see also: minya, tur-mıre, -mir n. jewel, precious
thing or treasureetymology: MIR = jewelrelated: synonyms: harma
Mıriel phr. Jewel-woman (Silm)related: genitive : Mıriello
miril n. shining/glittering jewelPresumably a cut-stone liek a dia-mond where the facets glitter andshine.
etymology: MBIRIL = MIR + RIL= jewel + glitter
see also: mıremirilya- v. glitter As like a jewel of
many facetsetymology: MBIRIL = MIR + RIL
= jewel + glitterrelated: n:mirilsee also: mıre
mirima adj. free Free as in ”bornfree” (rather than costing nothing)
etymology: MIS- = go free, wan-
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100 M
der, strayMirimor phr. the Wanderers A
name for the teleri, also called ”theFree” - for their wandering ways.this word is generated from: miri-(to stray) + -mo (agenetial) + -r (plu-ralisation) and not from what at firstcan appear to be: miri + more
etymology: MIS- = wander, stray+ -mo + -r
see also: -mo, -rmiruvore, miruvor n. mead,
honey-wine Nam Taryn - lit. trans:jewel-oath? perhaps a mythological ref-erence? or perhaps I’ve missed some-thing I’ll pick up later
mirroanwi n. incarnates Those(spirits) ’put into flesh’ (MR:350)Taryn - looks like a compound, but can’tbreak it down right now - I assume sg =mirroanw e
mista adj. grey Taryn - how does thisword differ from sinda ?
see also: sindamista- v. stray about, wander?
Taryn - note: wander is not a givengloss, but a reasonable guess
etymology: MIS- to wander,stray or go free
miste n. fine rain, drizzleetymology: MIZD→ mizde= fine
rainrelated: synonyms : rosse
Mittalmar phr. midlands, name-place Specifically, the ”Midlands”of Numenor (UT:165) Taryn - cur-rently no reference for mittal
see also: mittal, marmitya adj. interior The ”inside” part
of somethingetymology: MI = inside
see also: mi,minnamiule adj. whining, mewling,
mewing Taryn - it wasn’t specificallyglossed whether this is an adjective ”themewing kitten” or a noun ”the kitten’smewing”. I’ve guessed adjective here,but couldn’t have easily been wrong
etymology: MIW = whin-ing/mewing
-mme ?. ? Taryn - yet another gram-matical term to leave til later pronom-inal ending, exclusive ”we”, seen invamme ”we won’t” (WJ:371)
-mo ?. ? Taryn - another to leave tillater ending frequent in names andtitles, sometimes with an agentialsignificance (WJ:400) eg ciryamo =mariner, or ”shipper”
moina adj. familiar, dear Taryn - stillnot entirely sure of the difference be-tween this and mel- but I’m guessingthat is used for true friends that you re-ally love, wheras this is a more relaxedand comfortable feeling?
etymology: MOY = dearmol n. slave, thrall
etymology: MO → mol =slave/thrall
mor n. darkness probably just anElvish ”element” rather than a com-plete word; Namarie has mornie for”darkness” Letters:308
see also: morniemorco n. bear
etymology: MOROK → moroco= bear
mordo n. shadow, obscurity,stain
etymology: MORI = blacksee also: more
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more adj. black Note: don’t getthis confused with more which isthe noun, they are subtly differentwords.
etymology: MORI = blackrelated: n : more
more n. blackness, darkness,night Note: don’t get it confusedwith more = the adjective version fothis word
etymology: MORI = blackrelated: adj : more
Morifinwe phr. dark Finwe,name-masc He was called”Caranthir” in Sindarin. ShortQuenya name Moryo. (PM:353)
see also: finwe, moremorilinde n. nightingale
related: synonyms : tindomerelsee also: linde, more
Morimandos phr. Dark MandosAnother name for Mandos - wherethe stem MBAD = prison (for Man-dos = Imprisoner) is blended withthe stem MAN (spirit). This wasmoreso for the ”antonym” for thisword = Calamandos = Manwe
etymology: Mori- (dark) +MBAD (prison) blended with MAN(spirit)
related: Antonym : Calamandossee also: Calamandos, Mandos,
mor-Moringotto phr. Black Foe An-
other name for Melcor. The old-est form is said to have beenMoringotho (MR:194).
see also: More, ngottoMorion phr. dark one A title of Mel-
cor (FS)see also: More
Moriquendi, Morquendi phr.Dark Elves Those elves that choseto stay behind in cuivienen ratherthan travel to the lighted Valinor(SA:mor, WJ:373)
see also: more, quendemorna adj. gloomy, sombre, dark
and shadowed Presumably canrefer to the mood of a place as wellas specifically the physically shad-owed nature (as in tumbalemorna)
etymology: MORI = blackmornie n. darkness Taryn - this
seems to be a nouned-verb and seemsto mean more ”gloominess” than ”dark-ness” (per se) Nam, RGEO:67
Moryosee also: Morifinwe
motto n. blot Taryn - Given that thisword was accompanied by doriathrinwords meaning ”puddle” or ”pool”, Iwould guess that this means a splotchof water or ink. Personally I’d like toknow the Quenyan word for puddle, buthtat isn’t glossed, only blot
etymology: MBOTH = poolmota- v. labour, toil, work
(labour) HFs coursemu not. no, not This appears to be
the adjective ”no” (as in not any ”)as opposed to ume which more di-rectly means ”is not”. They are ob-viously related, ume coming fromthe stem UMU and this from MU.Taryn - Though ume seems to be moreoften quoted amongst the stuff I’vereada, I see nothing wrong with this asyet - I’d welcolm discussion as to why
etymology: MU = no/notrelated: synonyms: ume
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muile n. secrecyetymology: MUY = hid-
den/secretrelated: adj: muina
muina adj. hidden, secretetymology: MUY = hid-
den/secretrelated: n: muile
mundo n. bull (Letters:422)mundo n. nose, snout, protru-
sion, cape Cape, here, refers to aprotrusion of land into the sea, as in”Cape York”, not the fabric thing tokeep you warm
etymology: MBUD- = protrude→ mbundu (protrusion?)
related: synonyms : nengwemure n. mist
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N
-n ?. ? Taryn - another to leave til laterdative ending, in nin, enyalien
-n pron.etymology: -nyerelated:
-n ?. ? Taryn - I haven’t come acrossthis at all in mature quenya - but per-haps it is an unusual case i haven’treached yet a plural sign used insome of the cases (WJ:407)
na prep. to, towards Related to anawhich stems from ANA (whereasthis is from NA) Taryn - So, why isthere a na and a na from the samesounding stem?
etymology: NA = to/towardssee also: an,ana,na
na copula. is This is the copula - or thewords that ”couples” other words.In English, it is the word ”is” - buttruly is the present form of the verb”to be”. For example ”i parma nacarne” The copula is pluralised: narfor talking about plural subjects, ieit is equivalent to the english ”are”.
etymology: NA = ”to be”related: pl : narsee also: nai, nar, nauva
nac- v. bite This is the action of biting.The noun ”a bite” is nahta.
etymology: NAK- = biterelated: n : nahta
Nahar ?. ? the name of Orome’s
horse, adopted and adapted fromValarin (WJ:401) Taryn - no translationgiven - perhaps ”biter”?
nahta n. bite As in ”a bite”, presum-ably the wound or impression madewhen something bites - rather thana bite-sized morsel. The verb: ”tobite” is nac-
etymology: NAK- = to biterelated: v : nac-
nai ?. be it that used witha future tense-verb to express awish. The translation ”maybe” inTolkien’s rendering of Namarie issomewhat misleading; he used ”beit that” in the interlinear translationin RGEO:67. Nai hiruvalye Vali-mar! Nai elye hiruva! ”May thoufind Valimar. May even thou findit!” (Nam). Nai tiruvantes ”be itthat they will guard it” ¿ ”may theyguard it” (CO) Taryn - won’t qualifythis at present as it’s so vague
nai interjection. alas! An expression ofgrief or concern. Obviously relatedto naina- = ”to lament”
etymology: NAY- = to lamentnaice n. sharp pain This word is re-
lated to the stem NAK- = ”bite”, sopresumably this could be desribedas a biting pain.
etymology: NAYAK = painnaicelea adj. painful Taryn - seems to
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104 N
be a ay of turning a noun into an adjec-tive... I’ll get back to this later
etymology: NAYAK- = painnaina- v. lament To lament the loss
of something.etymology: NAY- = to lamentrelated: n : naire
Naira phr. Heart of Flame A nameof the Sun (MR:198) Taryn - nar- +ora? and then squished and short-ened?
naire n. lament An expression ofgrief.
etymology: NAY- to lamentrelated: v : naina-
Naltariel phr. ? This is the trueQuenya form of Galadriel; the formactually used was Altariel, Quen-yarized from Telerin Alatariel(le).(PM:347) Taryn - a translation might benice here
namarie phr. farewell Nam,RGEO:67Taryn - a translation might benice here too
namba n. hammeretymology: NDAM- = to hammer
or beatrelated: v : namba-
namba- v. hammer or beat To hitwith a blunt object
etymology: NDAM- = to ham-mer/beat
related: n : nambaNambarauto phr. Hammerer of
metal The sixth son of Feanor.Taryn - Could this also mean just”smith”?
etymology: namba (hammer) +rauta (metal) + -o
Namo n. Judge The name of a Vala,normally called Mandos, properly
the place where he dwells (WJ:402)namo n. person, somebody
(PM:340)namna n. statute For example in
Namna Finwe Mıriello ”the Statuteof Finwe and Mıriel” (MR:258)
nan- adv. backwards Glossed onlyas a prefix - perhaps there is a stand-alone form also
etymology: NDAN = backnan prep. but, however Also ”on the
other hand” or ”on the contrary”etymology: NDAN = backrelated: synonyms : ananta
-nan, nan-, -inan n. vale,meadow, valley, mead egTasarinan = willow-valley
see also: nandenanda n. water-mead, watered
plainetymology: NAND = water-mead
nanda- v. play a harp, ”to harp”Taryn - Note that the word vorogandal eappears to contain the sub-word gand efor harping. It is possible that the ”n”degraded simply to ”g” but can’t be cer-tain. Sindarin words from this stem allbegin with a ”g” so it’s possibly just aconfusion between the two as ”g” wordsusually seemt o degrade into ”n” words.
etymology: NGANAD- to play(on a stringed instrument)
related: n : nandenandaro n. harper One who plays
the harpsee also: nanda-, -ro
nande n. valley In Laurenande(UT:253) Taryn - is this the full form for -nan or is it something slightly different?what does the -de ending mean?
see also: -nan
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nande n. harp The word for theproduct of a harp (”harping”) isnandele - not to be confused withthe similar word nandelle, whichrefers to a little harp Taryn - possiblya lap-harp? .
etymology: NGANAD- to play(on a stringed instrument)
related: v : nanda-, synonyms :nandelle
nandele n. harping Presumably theresult of playing upon a harp.
etymology: NGANAD- to play(on a stringed instrument)
related: v : nanda-, n: nandenandelle n. a little harp A nor-
mal (or unqualified) harp is simplynande
etymology: NGANAD- to play(on a stringed instrument)
related: synonyms : nandeNandor phr. name-group A name
of the Green-elves (Laiquendi); theoriginal word ndando implied ”onewho goes back on his word or de-cision”, since the Nandor left theMarch from Cuivienen to Aman.(WJ:412)
etymology: from earlier ndandorelated: adj : Nandorin
nangwa n. jaw Also related to anca =a jaw as a row of teeth. I am guess-ing that the difference is that this isa creature’s bite... whereas the jawor row of teeth is a little more phys-ically specific. The stems for theseare also related as that comes fromANAK
etymology: NAK- = to biterelated: synonyms : anca
nar copula. are The plural copula,used in place of English ”are”. Forexample: ”i parmi nar carni”
related: sg : nanaraca adj. harsh, rending, vio-
lent Both transitive and intransitiveetymology: NARAK- (tear rend)
→ naraka = rapid, rushing, violentrelated: synonyms : merca, verca
narc- v. tear, rend Both transitiveand intransitive
etymology: NARAK = tear/rendnarda n. knotnare, nar- n. flame, fire Specifically
the word relates to flame, but fire isalso glossed on the stem. Seems tobe shortened to just nar- when usedas part of a larger word. Note its re-lation to Anar = ”sun”.
etymology: NAR = flame, firerelated: adj: narwasee also: anar
Narie n. June, month #6 The sixthmonth of the year, ”June” Taryn -seems to be related to nare = ”fire” -probably a reference to being midsum-mer (Appendix D)
see also: nareNarmacil phr. Flame-sword,
name-masc (Appendix A)see also: macil, nare
narmo, narmo n. wolfetymology: NGARAM = wolf
Narquelie, Narquelion phr. Oc-tober, month #10 Literally: ”Fire-fading” or better gloseed: ”sun-waning”. Also used to refer to thetenth month of the year: October
etymology: NAR (flame) +KWEL = fade
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106 N
see also: quel-,nare,-onNarsil phr. sun-moon The sword
of Elendil, compound of the stemsseen in Anar ”Sun” and Isil ”Moon”
etymology: see Letters:425 for et-ymology
Narsilion phr. sun and moon(of) More specifically refers to ”thesong of the Sun and Moon”; actu-ally the stems of the words for Sunand Moon compounded and a plu-ral genitive ending added (Silm)
see also: narsilNarvinye phr. January, month #1
The first month of the year, ”Jan-uary”. The word seems to mean”New Fire/Sun”. (Appendix D)
see also: nare, vinyanarwa adj. fiery red Related directly
to the word nare = ”flame”. Taryn -Possibly could be used simply to referto something that is ”fiery”
etymology: NAR = flame, firesee also: nare
Narya phr. firey-one The nameof the Red Ring, the Ring ofFire; apparently an adjective mean-ing something like ”Fiery (One)”(SA:nar)
see also: narenasar adj. red (alt) This word is used
in Vanyarin Quenya only.(WJ:399)etymology: Adopted and
adapted from Valarinnasse n. thorn, spike Used of a
sharp, spiky thorn - as opposed toa ”prickle” or small spiky object= erca. Also compare with carcawhich also refers to a spike-shapedobject. Taryn - I would hazard that thelatter refers to a jagged spike or sharp,
toothed object, wheras this word psecif-ically refers to the sharp-pointy bit - andthus is a more ”pure” spike.
etymology: NAS = sharp pointrelated: synonym : carca, erca
nasta- v. to prick or sting Refer-ring to the action of stinging some-thing rather than the actual prickleor sting used to do so. Taryn - How-ever, i strongly suspect this to be almosthe name of Bilbo’s sword...
etymology: NAS = sharp pointrelated: n : nasse
nat pron?. thing, ?being Presum-ably, this is a ”thing that is” - whichis why I hesitantly glossed ”being”(though in English this has a specif-ically living twist to it) as somethingthat ”is”. The feeling I get is due tothis word being glossed under theversion of NA that is specifically de-scribed as the verb ”to be”.
etymology: NA = thingrelated: synonyms : lanya-, nut-
nat pron (pl). thatnat- v. tie, weave or lace To make a
web or net - rather than to tie a knotor bind something (which is the re-lated word: nut)
etymology: NAT- = lace or weaverelated: n : natse, synonyms : nut
natse n. web, net Related to nat- - tolace or weave something
etymology: NAT- = lace, weavenauca adj. dwarfed, twisted,
stunted adjective especially ap-plied to things that though in them-selves full-grown were smaller orshorter than their kind, and werehard, twisted or ill-shapen (WJ:413)
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Naucalie Phr. The Dwarvish peo-ple The race of the Dwarves
see also: naucom lienauco n. Dwarf Note that the
name for the people is Naucalie, soperhaps this more literally means”Dwarved one”.
etymology: NAUK = dwarfrelated: antonym : norsasee also: nauca
naule n. howl Taryn - Presumably nau-would be the verb ”to howl” - but thisisn’t specifically glossed
etymology: NGAW- = howlnauro n. werewolf Related to
narmo = wolfetymology: NGAW- = howl
nause n. imaginationetymology: NOWO- (think,
imagine)→ nauthe = imaginationnauta adj. bound, tied, obliged
Presumably referring to ”the tiesthat bind”.
etymology: NUT- = to tie/bindrelated: v : nut-
nauva v (fut). will be this is the fu-ture tense for the copula na
see also: naNavarot phr. Nogrod, Novrod,
Hollowbold A dwelling of theDwarves (WJ:389) Taryn - not sure ifany of these is a translation or if it wassimply ”quenyarised” into this form
-ndilsee also: -dil
-ndorsee also: -dor
-ndursee also: -dur
-ne gram. grammar-verbs-past-tense verbs formt heir past tenseby adding -ne to the end and, insome cases, normalising the wordsto fit with correct Quenya word-structure. All a-stems simply add -ne to the end ef orta- = ”summon”becomes ortane = ”summoned”.Some pure verbs can simply addthis ending too (eg tir- becomestirne) but some verbs will from un-acceptable compounds (eg matne isnot acceptable). These generallyuse ”nasal infixtion” where the ”n”gets moved to the position jsut pre-vious to the final consonant, theneither left as is (if it is now ac-ceptable) or changed to the closestacceptable sound eg top- becomes”topne” becomes ”tonpe” becomestompe which is finally an acceptableform. vil- thus becomes ville etc
neca adj. pale, vague, faint, dimto see, ghostly Markirya
nehte n. spearhead, gore, wedge,promontory Any formationor projection tapering to a point(UT:282)
nelde n. three Cardinal three.etymology: NEL → NEL-ED =
threerelated: ordinal : nelya
Neldion n. Weekday #5 ofthe Valian week Also known asNessaron. The final day of theValian week, dedicated to the threeyounger gods: Osse, Orome andTulkas. Taryn - I presume it is so-called as it is dedicated to three godsThe word for week is lemnar.
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108 N
see also: Nelde, Nessaron,Orome, Osse, Tulkas
Neldorn phr. three tree The nameof the great beech-tree with threetrunks. Taryn - Possibly only Doriathrin
see also: nelde, ornenelet n. tooth Taryn - Possibly means
something completely different as nei-ther are specifically glossed, only thestem. Note the irregular pluralnelci
etymology: NEL-EK = toothrelated: pl : nelci, synonyms :
carcanelle n. brook
etymology: NEN (water)→ nen-le (brook)
related:nelya n. third ordinal three
related: cardinal : neldesee also: nelde
Nelyar n. Thirds, name-group theoriginal name of the Teleri (or ratherthe direct Quenya descendant of theoriginal Primitive Quendian name)(WJ:380)
see also: nelyaNelyafinwe phr. name-masc,
Finwe third After the originalFinwe and Curufinwe = Feanor;he was called Maedhros in Sin-darin. Short Quenya name Ne-lyo.(PM:352)
see also: finwe, nelyaNelyo dim.
etymology: Nelyafinwerelated:
nen, nen- n. water Cardinal wa-ter... as in the wet stuff found inlakes. But can also refer to song -
water being the closest manifesta-tion of the song of the Ainur→ thusthis is found in such words as Liri-nen
etymology: NEN = watersee also: lin-
Nenar n. name-star/planet,Uranus?, Neptune? The nameof a star (or planet), evidentlyderived from nen ”water” (Silm),tentatively identified with Uranus(MR:435) Taryn - I would haveguessed Neptune but will have to checkthe reference
see also: nennenda adj. watery, wet Taryn - This
seems to refer to something that is ”likewater” or watery more than just ”hasbeen wet”. Is it also possible that oneof these is simply the past participle of”to water” - wet?
etymology: NEN = waterrelated: synonyms : linque,
micsanende n. pool, pond
etymology: NEN = waternengwe n. nose Taryn - presumably
this refers to the actual organ of smell- whereas mundo refers to the protru-berant part of the face - eg the nose ofa horse - which is not just the nose.
etymology: NEN-WI = noserelated: adj : nengwea, syn-
onyms : mundonengwea adj. nasal
etymology: NEN-WI = noserelated: n : nengwe
Nendili phr. Water-lovers, name-group The most frequently used”title” or secondary name of the
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Lindar (WJ:411) Taryn - so who are theLindar?
see also: -dil, -i, nenNenime n. February, month
#2 The second month of the year,”February” (Appendix D) Taryn - ob-viously related to water somehow - sowhat is -ime? - is this as in -ima or is itlike what I have for -ime? It could easilybe either...
see also: -ime, nenNenya phr. Water-ring, watery-
one The name of the Blue Ring,apparently an adjective meaningsomething like ”Watery (One)”(SA:nen)
see also: nen, -yaner [ner-] n. man, male Refers to a
male of any speaking species ratherthan just an elf. Certainly not usedjust to refer to humankind = Atan.
etymology: DER = malerelated: antonym : nıssee also: nıs
nernehte phr. man-spearhead abattle-formation (UT:282)
see also: ner, nehtenerte n. nine Cardinal nine.
etymology: NETER = ninenese n. youth Taryn - is this ”Youth” or
”a youth”? and what is ness e?etymology: NETH = youngrelated: synonyms : nesse
nessa adj. young Note the word for”youthful” is nessima
etymology: NETH (young) →neth-ra = young
related: n : nesse, synonyms :nessima
Nessa phr. Youth? This is the nameof a Valie, the spouse of Tulkas, also
called Indis = ”bride”.etymology: NETH = young
Nessaron n. Weekday #5 of theValian week Literally meaning”of the young gods” (from nessa =.y o
etymology: urelated: gsee also: n
). Also known as Neldion. The finalday of the Valian week, dedicatedto the three younger gods: Osse,Orome and Tulkas. The word forweek is lemnar.
see also: Neldion, nessa, Orome,Osse, Tulkas
nessamelda phr. Nessa-beloved,name-tree Taryn - which tree?(UT:167)
see also: melda, Nessanesse n. youth Taryn - is this ”Youth” or
”a youth”? and what is nese?etymology: NETH = youngrelated: synonyms : nese
nessima adj. youthful Note thatnessa is the word for young
etymology: NETH = youngrelated: synonyms : nessa
neuma n. snare, trap (n)neuna adj. second The one that fol-
lows, or comes behind.etymology: NDEW- (to come be-
hind)→ ndeuna (second)related: synonyms : tatya
neuro n. follower, successoretymology: NDEW- (to come be-
hind)→ ndeuro (follower)ngoldo
see also: noldongolfine phr. magic skill
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110 N
etymology: NGOL (wise) + PHIN(skill)
ngotto n. foe Taryn - as guessed frommoringotto = ”black foe”
related:ngwalme
see also: nwalmeni pron. I, the personal pronoun
Referring to ones-selfetymology: NI = I
nı n. woman, female This is themore archaic, and thus poetic wayto say ”woman”. Use nis for every-day speech or inya to refer to some-thing as *being* female.
etymology: INI = female - whichlater became: NI = woman
related: adj : inya, synonym : nis,antonym : ner
see also: nis, inyanicu- v. chill, cold (of weather) To
be cold weather (WJ:417)nie, nire n. tear (crying) Not as ’to
tear a page’. Taryn - Not sure when thelong-version is used.
etymology: NEI = tearNienna n. Valie A valie. Taryn - Pos-
sibly meaning ”weeper”???see also: -nna, nie
nieninque n. snowdrop Literally”white tear”
etymology: nie (tear) + ninque(white)
-nil contraction. Used in place ofthe -ndil form of -dil. This is nota preferred/correct alternative, butcould be used poetically given rhyt-ming constraints
etymology: -dilrelated:
nilda adj. friendly, loving Asalways, in a platonic and friendlysense of the word
etymology: NDIL = friendrelated: n : nilme (friendship)see also: mel-
nilde (f), nildo (m) n. friend Re-lated also to -dil
etymology: NDIL = friendrelated: adj : nilda
nille, ngille ?. ? A star-imagine onNur-menel (MR:388) Taryn - it wouldbe nice if a definition of a star-imaginewas available
etymology: from a stem ngil-”silver glint”
see also: tinwenilme n. friendship Taryn - Could this
also be a word for ”fellowship”?etymology: NIL = friendrelated: n : nilde (friend)
nin to me ”I” in the dative form (FS)Taryn - will get back to this one
ninde adj. slender, thin, fragileetymology: NIN-DI = fragile, thin
ninque adj. white, ”snow-white”,chill, pale Presumably refers tothe pure, glistening white of thesnow with which the word is related(see nique).
etymology: NIK-W = snowrelated: synonyms : fana
Ninquelote phr. White-flower,name-obj Also known as ”Nim-loth” in Sindarin, the White Tree ofNumenor (SA:nim)
see also: lote, ninquenique n. snow or frost Though
the word nicse also appears tomean ”frost” - perhaps that is amore specific word, whereas this
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is the generic qord for ’that whichfreezes’.
etymology: NIK-W = snowrelated: synonyms : nicse
niquesse n. frost-feathers (WJ:417)see also: nixe, quesse
niquis n. frost-patterns (WJ:417)see also: nique, -s?
ninqueisse adj. whitenessetymology: NIK-W = snowrelated: n : ninque, v : ninquita-
ninquita- v. to shine white Don’tconfuse with sila- which meansto shine silver-white. Also don’tconfuse with the similar ninquita-which means ”to whiten”
etymology: NIK-W = snowrelated: synonyms : sila-
ninquita- v. whiten To turn whiteor to turn something white - couldposibly be used in place of the word”bleach”. Also don’t confuse withthe similar ninquita- which means”to shine white”
etymology: NIK-W = snownir- v. press, thrust, force, lean
againstetymology: NID- = lean againstrelated: past tense : ninde
nirwa n. bolster, cushion From astem meaning ”to lean against”, thisrefers to things that generally eitherlean against something (bolster) orare themselves leant against (cush-ion)
etymology: NID- (lean against)→ nidwo = bolster/cushion
nıs, nisse [. n ietymology: srelated: -see also: s
]nwomannıs is the commonly usedway to refer to a woman. The old-Quenya word nı was still valid, butit was more of a generic word for”female”, as well as being consid-ered archaic and somewhat poetic.Use inya to refer to something as be-ing female. By contrast, the com-mon word for man is nerNISinya,ner, nıpl : nissi, adj : inya, synonym: nı, antonym : ner
nısima adj. fragrant, scented Apleasant smell Taryn - guessed fromNısimaldar
related: antonym : holme(stench)
Nısimaldar phr. Fragrant trees,name-place The name of a regionin Numenor UT:167
see also: alda, nısimanısi n. fragrance, scent Taryn - a
nouned-verb, it seems, from nısimaNısinen phr. Fragrance-water,
name-place The name of a lake inNumenor (UT:168)
see also: nen, nısinıte adj. moist, dewy Taryn - Possi-
bly usable to refer obliquely to weepingin the sense of ”dewy eyes” due to itsrelation to ni e. note that falling dew isgenerally called ross e
etymology: NEI = a tearrelated: synonyms : rosse
nicse [ni-] n. frost (WJ:417)-nna gram. grammar-allative-
ending Taryn - will leave til later”to, upon”, allative ending incilyanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna,Elenna, numenna, numenorenna,romenna, tielyanna, Plural -nnar in
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112 N
mannar, valannarnoa, no n. conception, idea
Presumably anything that can bethought up or conceived. Note thatthe plural is related to no. Taryn - Noidea if this is the same no as for the nextentry - could be, ”thought of spring”?”memory of summer”? - but can’t becertain, so for now I’ll leave them sep-arate
etymology: NOWO- =think/conceive
related: pl : nowino adj. ending?, late? Taryn
- guessed from the four alternativenames for the months: nocoir e,noquell e, norrıve and notuil e →which seem to include the name of theseason that begins before them. How-ever, this theory is broken by nolair ewhich occurs in the middle of the sea-son and doesn’t have an ”early” equiv-alant... perhaps no means middle?which means er- means early and nomeans middle and mete means late.With el as the exception. See also er-
see also: er-Nocoire phr. name-month, March
(alt) The alternative name of March(PM:135)
see also: coire, nonoire n. tomb From NoirinanNoirinan phr. Valley of Tombs A
place in in Numenor (UT:166)see also: -nan, noire
nola n. round head or knolletymology: NDOL = round
head/knollnola adj. wise, learned To have
studied long and deep.
etymology: NOLE = wise, to bewise
related: n : nole, nolweNolaire n. July (alt), month #7 An
alternative name of July (PM:135)Taryn - need a translation of this
see also: laire, nonoldo, noldo n. Gnome, wise-
one, tengwa #19 Used to refer to”one of the people of the Noldor” -the wise folk or Gnomes.
etymology: NGOLOD = one ofthe wise folk. Gnome
Noldolante phr. Noldor-fall Moreproperly translated: ”The Fall of theNoldor” (name of a song) (Silm)
see also: lante, noldoNoldomıre phr. Gnome-jewel,
Simlaril An alternative name forthe Silmarilli, meaning ”Gnome-jewel”
see also: noldo, mıreNoldor, noldor n. The Wise The
name of the second clan of the Eldar- the Gnomes
etymology: NGOLOD = one ofthe wise folk. Gnome
see also: noldoNoldoran, noldoran” phr.
Gnome-king, King of theNoldor PM:343
see also: aran, noldonole n. wisdom Taryn - Presumably
this refers to Wisdom, as the wisenessof a person - as opposed to the informa-tion itself that has made a person wise- which is nolw e.
etymology: NOLE = wise, to bewise
related: adj : nola
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Nolme, ngolme” n. knowledge,Philosophy, science (PM:360 cf.344)
nolmo, nolmo n. wise-one A wiseperson (PM:360)
Nolofinwe nolofinwe phr. wise-Finwe? Another name of ”Fin-golfin” (PM:344) Taryn - need a betterdefinitiona nd a check on the translation
see also: finwe, nolmonolwe n. secret lore, wis-
dom, knowledge Refers to ac-cumulated knowledge, wisdom orstudied information/lore where thestudy has been long and in-depth.To refer to the abstract: Wisdom, usenole
etymology: NGOL = wise, to bewise
nona- v. born Taryn - guessed/derivedfrom apanonar
Noquelle phr. October (alt) Taryn -trans? late-fading? alternative nameof October (PM:135)
see also: quelle, nonor n. land as opposed to sea - more
of the type-description. ”a land” isnore Letters:308 Taryn - how does thisdiffer from -dor ?
see also: -dor,norenore n. land, region, domain,
people (spec), dwelling-placeGenerally associated with a partic-ular people Taryn - Not sure how thistruly differs from norie
related: pl : norisee also: nor, norie
norie n. country Taryn - does thismean ”a country” or ”the country” = ru-ral land? - and does it use the old -ie
or is it valid mature quenya? in sin-danorie (see sinda) (Nam, RGEO:67)
see also: nor, norenorna adj. stiff, tough Seems to
have derived from the word for Oaknorno through the primitive form ofthat word - obviously referring toa material famed for it’s toughness(WJ:413)
etymology: From DORON = oakNornalie phr. tough-people,
Dwarf-people The correct trans-lation refers to the ”Dwarf-people”as a whole, but the literal trans-lation displays the origins of theword (WJ:388)
see also: lie, nornonorno n. oak
etymology: From DORON = oakNorno n. dwarf This is a per-
sonalized form of the adjectivenorna(WJ:413)
see also: NornalieNorrıve n. December (alt) The al-
ternative name of December Taryn -end of winter? (PM:135)
see also: rıve, nonorsa n. giant
etymology: NOROTH = giantrelated: antonym : Nauco
nosse n. clan, family, kin, ’house’Note: house as the thing you live inis coa
etymology: NO = begetnostar n. parent LotR3:VI ch. 6, trans-
lated in Letters:308see also: nosse
not- v. reckon, calculate To ascer-tain an amount, whether by count-ing or calculation. note that onot- is
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114 N
specific to counting, whereas this isthe more generic word.
etymology: NOT- =reckon/count
related: past participle : notina, n: note (number), synonyms : onot-
note n. number Presumably meanssomething like ”counter” due to itsrelation to not- = to calculate
etymology: NOT- =reckon/count
related: v : not-Notuile n. May (alt) The alternative
name of May Taryn - ? end of spring(PM:135)
see also: no, tuile-nte pron. them Long or polite form of
this pronomimal ending, inflexionof multiple plural ”they”. this formis used either for the polite form,or when aa suffix must be appliedafterwards, otherwise use the shortform -t. For the emphatic form, usethe free-standing word: te (CO)
see also: -t, tenu prep. under Taryn - In Etym, this
preposition is spelt no - but given thatthat is the same as for Noldorin... Iwonder if it was simply misspelled andthis is the real Quenyan perposition... Ishould ask Helge where he got it from...
etymology: NU = under/belowrelated: adv : nun
nucumna adj. humbled (SD:246)Taryn - under ”cumna”?, possibly cuna-= bent?
see also: cumna, nunuhta- v. stunt prevent from coming
to completion, stop short, not allowto continue (WJ:413)
nuhuinenna phr. under shadow(allativic) (SD:246)
see also: nuine, -nna, nunulda adj. secret, obsure
etymology: DUL = hide, conceal→ ndulna = secret
nulla, -dul adj. dark, dusky, ob-scure
etymology: NDUL (hide conceal)→ ndulla = obscure, dark
related: synonym : nuldanumeheruvi phr. West-lords,
Valar? SD:246 Taryn - where doesthe v come from? this is likely Qenya...
see also: heru, numenume adj. going down, occident,
descending?, West (Letters:361);apparently meaning ”west” innumeheruen and numeheruvi
etymology: contains primitivendu meaning ”down, from on high”
numen West, the way of the sun-set, tengwa #17, going down, occi-dent. Based on the word numewhich means to sink - refers tothe place where the sun sets.NDU = go down/sink
etymology: nume, menrelated:see also: adj : numenya
Numenor, Numendor phr.west-land The name of the greatisle given to the Edain by the Valar(FS, LR:56) Properly translated:”land of the west”, often confusedwith and replaced by Numenore”people of the west” (SA:dor)
see also: -dor, numenNumenore, Numennore phr.
West-people More correctly:
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115
”people of the west”. Often con-fused with Numendor ”land of thewest” (SA:dor); hence Numenor(LR:47, SD:247)
see also: nore, numenumenya phr. westerner From a
word occurring in a phrase froman earlier version of FS, Valionnumenyaron, ”of the Lords [Valar]of the West”. But numenyaron can-not simply mean ”of the West”; itseems to be the plural genitive ofnumenya ”western”, hence literally”of the western (things, persons,realms)” or ”of the Westerners”.
see also: numeNumerramar phr. West-wings,
name-ship (UT:175)see also: numen, rama
Numevala phr. West-power,Valar Another way of referring tothe Valar (SD:290)
see also: nume, valanun adv. down below, under-
neath This is glossed as an adverb,which I have found quite difficult tothink about - there are few wordsthat use ”under” in an adverbialway - ic an think of ”under-feed””under-nourish” - but it’s hard tofind a word that can’t be replacedsimply by the preposition: nu = ”be-low” or ”under”. Could it possiblyrepresent ”deeply” instead (whichis a lot easier to conceive of, butpresumably would have been men-tioned by Tolkien)? Taryn - Also:where does nu (note no long u) comefrom as both NDU and this stem NUseem to be accented... or is it just final-
vowel accentation?etymology: NU = down underrelated: prep : nu
nun- adj. Western guessed fromnunatani - possibly a contractionbased on the stem NDU a. n d
etymology: vrelated: rsee also: a
iantsNunatani phr. Western Men In
Sindarin: Dunedain (WJ:386)see also: atan, nun
Nunduine phr. West-flow, name-river The name of a river inNumenor (UT:168)
see also: -duine, nunnuquerna adj. reversed, under-
turned Or perhaps rather ”turnedupside down”. In the phrases silmenuquerna and are nuquerna
see also: nu, quernanur adj. lesser, below guessed from
nur-menel - obviously similar tonura = ”deep”
nura adj. deepetymology: NU→ nura = belowrelated: prep : nu (under)
Nur-menel phr. lesser-heavens,lesser-firmament This was agreat dome covering Valinor, madeby Varda and full of star-imagines(see tinwe, nille). It was a simu-lacrum of Tar-menel, the true firma-ment (MR:388)
see also: menel, nur, tar-menelnurta- v. hide (Silm) Taryn - probably
related to nuranurru- v. murmur, grumble
Markirya
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116 N
nurrua adj. mumbling MC:215nuru n. death Note that Death is
Nuru.etymology: NGUR= deathrelated: synonyms : fir-
Nuru n. Death personified An-other name for Mandos. Taryn -Though I am not sure what the elvishpersonification of Death is meant tolook like :)
etymology: NGUR= deathnuruhuine phr. death-shadow
(LR:47, 56, SD:310)see also: huine, nuru
nus n. West from hyarnustar Taryn- guessed... may mean somethingslightly different, but works when you’retalking about ”south-west” - probably re-lated to nu
nut- v. to tie or bind This refers tothe tiying of knots rather than theword lanya- which means to weaveor nat- which means to lace some-thing up.
etymology: NUT = tie/bindrelated: n : nute, adj : nauta
(bound), synonyms : lanya-, nat-nuta- v. set, sink Generally used of
the sun or moon.etymology: NDU = set/go down
nute n. knot or bondetymology: NUT- = to tie/bindrelated: v : nut-
nwalca adj. crueletymology: NGWAL- to torment
nwalme n. torment, tengwa #20etymology: NGWAL = to tor-
mentrelated: v : nwalya-
nwalya- v. to torment, torture Re-
lated words: nwalme refers to tor-ment, whereas ungwale is specifi-cally ”torture” as a noun.
etymology: NGWAL- = to torturerelated: n : nwalme, ungwale
-nya, -inya ?. ? Taryn - awaiting myreading of it in the course pronominalsuffix, person sg. possessive, ”my”,e.g. tatanya ”my father” (UT:191).This ending seems to prefer i asits connecting vowel where one isneeded, cf. Anarinya ”my sun” inLR:72, so also in hildinyar.
nyano n. ratetymology: NYAD- (chew) →
nyadronyar- v. tell, relate To tell or relate a
story or tale.etymology: NAR = tell/relaterelated: n : nyare
nyare n. story, tale, sagaetymology: NAR = tell/relaterelated: v : nyar-
nyarna n. saga, tale, story Relatedto nyar-. Taryn - The difference be-tween this and nyare is not mentioned:in fact they are glossed identically inthe same stem-description... Tolkien!...This particular ”saga/tale” was the”Quenya” version of the Noldorin word:narn
see also: nyar--nye, -n pron. I pronominal suf-
fix ”I”. The full form is usuallyonly used when either using a politeform or when other suffixes must beappended to the end (especially ifthere must be both a subject and ob-ject referred to eg melnyel = ”I loveyou”)
see also: -lye
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nyelle n. belletymology: NYEL- = to ring, sing
or make sweet soundnyello n. singer
etymology: NYEL- = to ring, singor make sweet sound
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O
-o suf. of (sg), singular genitiveending Taryn - I’ll get back to thiswhen I’m more certain of it eg lasseo= ”of a leaf” Elenna-noreo, Rithil-Anamo, Rumilo, Lestanoreo, q.v.Pl. -ion and -ron
see also: -ion, -rono-, o- n?. together, junction,
union A prefix ”used in words de-scribing the meeting, junction, orunion of two things or persons, orof two groups thought of as units”.eg omentie = ”meeting” or ononi =”twins” (WJ:367)
oa, oar, oa, oar adv. away (WJ:365)oat- v. go Taryn - derived from oant e →
assuming it is a regular verb with nasalinfixion of the past-tense ending -ne
oante v (pa. t). went away specifi-cally ”went away to another place”.This is the past tense of auta-; per-fect tense: oantie. (WJ:365)
related: pr t : auta-see also: auta-
oantie perfect tense. gone specifically”has gone away to another place”(WJ:365), perfect tense of oante.Please note this is purely a phisical’leaving’ - for a more mental form(ie went from my mind/passedaway from thought, see auta-)
related: past tense : oantesee also: auta-
Oarel, Oarel phr. went-elf? Elfwho departed from Beleriand toAman (while the Sindar stayedthere) (WJ:363, 374)
etymology: From the VanyarinOazeldi
see also: elda, oat-ohta n. war, strife
etymology: KOTH-(strive/quarrel)→ okta = strife
ohtacare phr. war-made, madewar Also used for the allative:”make war upon” LR:47, SD:246
see also: care, ohtaohtar, ohtatyaro n. warrior, sol-
dier Obviously related to ohta-.(UT:282)
etymology: This word is a short-ened form of the true word: ohtat-yaro = ”war-maker”
see also: ohta-, tyarooi ?prep. ever Taryn - Not sure about this
one, will come back - I’m sure there’s adescription of it in Helge’s course some-where
etymology: OY = ever eternaloia adj. everlasting
etymology: OY (ever) → oiya =everlasting
oiale ?. everlasting, endless Taryn -There is no real difference between theglosses on many of these words so Idon’t know what the difference is.
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etymology: OY (ever) → oiya =everlasting
see also: -le, oiaoiencarme Eruo phr. Eru’s-
endless-Making More literally:”the One’s [Eru’s] perpetual pro-duction”, free rendering ”God’smanagement of the Drama”(MR:471)
see also: carme, Eru, -o, oiooio n. ever, forever, always? eter-
nity? Precisely: ”an endless pe-riod” (CO) often translated: ”ever”(SA:los).
Oiacumi phr. The Ever-voids Analternative name for Avacuma Taryn- Refers to some sort of creation myththat I haven’t had explained yet
etymology: oia (everlasting) +cuma (void)
Oiolosse phr. Everwhite, Ever-snowwhite, Everlasting-snowA name of Taniquetil, hence thetranslation ”Mount Everwhite” inTolkien’s rendering of Namarie. Ex-plicit ”mount” in Oron Oiolosse”Mount Everwhite” (WJ:403).
see also: losse, oioOiomure phr. ever-mist, name-
place (Silm)see also: mure, oio
Oiolaire n. Eversummer Contin-ual or always summer. Refers to thetree, but also used in Coron Oio-laire - the mound of eversummer
see also: Coron Oiolaireoira adj. eternal
etymology: OY = everoire adj. everlasting Taryn - another
of the identically-glossed words for eter-nal/everlasting
etymology: OY = everola- v. dream Said to be ”im-
personal”, probably meaning thatthe dreamer is mentioned in thedative rather than the nominative.(UT:396)
olassie n. foliage Or just a collectionof leaves (Letters:283)
see also: lasseOlofantur phr. Dream-cloud-lord
An alternative name for Lorienetymology: olos (dream) + fane
(cloud) + ture (control?)Olorin phr. dreamer?, visionary?,
Gandalf The name of the Maia thatbecame Gandalf.
see also: olorolor n. dream, vision Compare with
lorenetymology: LOS- (sleep) →
OLOS- (dream)→ olozi = dreamrelated: pl : olori, v : olsa-see also: loren
olos n. snow, fallen-snowetymology: GOLOS- = snow
olosse n. snow This is a poetic wordused often due to similarity withlosse = flower (generally only whiteblossom)
see also: losse, olosolosta adj. dreamy (UT:396)
see also: olosolsa- v. dream
etymology: OLOS- = to dreamrelated: n : olor
olva n. plant Specifically refers to:”growing things with roots in theearth” (Silm)
olwa n. branch Obviously related toolva
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etymology: GOLOB → primitivegolba = branch
Olwe phr. name-masc, branch?(PM:340), difficult to interpret(PM:341)
see also: olvaoma n. voice Voice is important
to the Eldar as they once clas-sifeid themselves as sentient be-cause they could speak (those whomake words with voices). When arace-neutral term is used, it gener-ally refers to speaking races to meanaonyone sentient.
etymology: OM- = voiceoman n. vowel Something that is
”voiced”. Note the unusual plural:amandi Taryn - I am actually unsureabout this as being the plurl. It waslisted beside oman as ”vowel” and ap-pears to be in plural form so I guessed itwould be so - but it is just *so* irregular!
etymology: OM- = voicerelated: pl : amandi
omataina n? v(pass part)?. vocalicextension ???Taryn - also seems likethe passive participle of an unattestedverb omata- = ”to voice”, thus this wouldbe something that has been ”voiced”(WJ:371, 417)
etymology: -ina, omata-?omatehtar n. vowel-signs The
signs used for vowels (WJ:396)see also: oma, tehtar
omentie n. meeting Refers to ameeting or junction of the directionsof two people (WJ:367)
-on, -ion gram. of, out-of, from-among, grammar-genitiveRefers to something coming fromor being ”of” something eg aldaron
= ”of trees”, aranion = ”of suns”.Taryn - I cannot remember which is forwhich
etymology: ΞO- = ”from, out-of”+ prim plural m
see also: hoondo n. stone This refers to stone as
the material, as in when you speakof ”stone”, rather than ”a stone” -which is referred to as sard
etymology: GOND = stonesee also: sard
Ondolinde phr. Gondolin referredto as ”heart of hidden rock” inEtym:GOND Taryn - where is thismentioned? what is it? (SA:gond)
Ondoher phr. Stone-lord, name-masc
see also: her-, ondoOndor phr. stone-land, name-
place This is Gondor - though thatis Sindarin name (Appendix A)
see also: -dor, ondoonna n. creature Something that has
been created or begotten.etymology: ONO- = beget/createrelated: v : onta-
onona adj. twin-bornsee also: nona-, o-
onona n. twin Specifically one of apair of twins (WJ:367)
see also: onona-, -onone n. sister onoro is ”brother”
etymology: NO = begetonoro n. brother onone is ”sister”
etymology: NO = begetonot- v. count up Literally: ”reckon
together”. This is specific to count-ing, whereas not- refers to ascertain-ing a result possibly through othermeans of calculation.
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etymology: NOT- =reckon/count
see also: not-, o-onta- v. beget, create Taryn - shows
a double past-tense - is this due to thetransitive/intransitive divide?
etymology: ONO- = begetrelated:see also: past tense : one, ontane
ontani n (pl). parents Listed hereas it’s so different from the singular:ontaro
etymology: onta- (beget) + -na?+ -i
related: sg : ontaroontaro, ontare (f) n. parent Liter-
ally ”begetter”etymology: onta- (beget) + -rorelated: v : onta-, pl : ontani
onya n. my son This is not the nor-mal word for ”son”, rather it seemsto mean ”get”. (UT:174)
opele n. walled house or villiageRelated to the word pel- whichmeans to encircle with defenses
etymology: PEL(ES) = encircleor preposition. over, above HFs courseora- v. impel, urge VT41:13. to com-
pel or force an action, one woulduse the word mauya-
ora n. rising This is a nounn thoughobviosuly created from the verb(can’t rem the name for this). Forexample when referring to the sun’srising as an event in itself anarore =”sun’s rising”.
etymology: ORO- = riseorco n. Orc
etymology: OROK → orku =goblin
related: pl : orqui
-ore n. earth Taryn - from Endor e =middle-earth
ore n. heart, inner-mind, tengwa#21 (Appendix E) eg the descriptionof Galadriel in PM:337, that ”theredwelt in her the noble and generousspirit (ore) of the Vanyar”.
orma n. matter As referring to phys-ical matter (MR:218, 231, 471)
Ormal phr. over-gold?, name-object One of the Lamps of theValar: *”High-Gold”??? Taryn -maybe gold-plated? → ”over-gold”(Silm)
see also: malta, ororme n. haste, violence, wrath
etymology: GOR = vio-lence/impetus/haste
related: adj : ornaormo adj. riser Taryn - guessed from
Tyelcormo - may have slight variationwhen on its own
etymology: Taryn - Probable ety-mology: OR- = rise + -mo (agential?)
orna adj. hastyetymology: GOR = hasterelated: n : orme
orne n. tree Etymologies states thisrefers to a ”high, isolated tree” andis related to the word for height- though this may refer to theclimes in which it ithey are to befound rather than the height of thetree itself. Apparently Letters:308,SD:302 states this refers to a treethat is ”smaller and more slenderlike a birch or rowan”, but etymolo-gies mentions that this is true ofthe Doriathrin word, and that theNoldorin use it to refer to any large
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tree, with smaller trees referred to asbushed = tussa. The etymology inLetters:426 I haven’t read yet.
etymology: OR-NI = ”high tree”Ornendil phr. Tree-friend, name-
masc (Appendix A)see also: -dil, orne
Orocarni phr. Red Mountains,name-place Taryn - where is it?,what place does it refer to? (Silm)
see also: carne, oronorofarne n. Rowan, mountain-
dwelling, mountain-home TheRowan from Quickbeam’s song.(LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in Let-ters:224)
related: synonyms : carnemıre,lassemista
see also: farne, oronoromarde n. high-hall Literally
”mountain-hall” (Nam, RGEO:66)see also: marde, oron
Orome n. horn-blower, horn-blowing, name-Vala The nameof a Vala, adopted and adaptedfrom Valarin. Observes Pengolodh,”the Eldar now take the nameto signify ’horn-blowing’ or ’horn-blower’, but to the Valar it had nosuch meaning” Taryn - so what *does*it mean? (WJ:400-401, cf. SA:rom)
Oromet n. name-place Place-nameof obscure meaning [taryn - couldit be related to Orome as manyother places are named after theirVala?](Silm)
see also: Oromeoron, oro- [oront-] n. mountain
Literally ”a height”. A mountain-top is orto
etymology: ORO- (high, rise) →OROT- = height/mountain
Oron Oiolosse phr. Mount Ev-erwhite Literally ”Mount ever-snow”, but ”snow” has been used asa synonym for white before. Taryn -This is the mountain where the Valar satenthroned? (WJ:403)
see also: losse, oio-, oronOrrostar phr. Eastlands?,
name=plase The ”Eastlands”of Numenor Taryn - but what isthe etymology of this? orros ? -tar?(UT:165)
orta- v. rise, raise, lift up Both tran-sitive (raise) as ”she raised the ti-tanic” and intransitive ”it rose”.
etymology: ORO- = riseorto n. mountain-top
etymology: ORO- (high, rise) →OROT- = height/mountain
osanwe n. thoughtrelated:
osanwe-centa phr. telepathy,thought-speech, ESP? More lit-erally: ”communication of thought”(MR:415)
see also: centa, osanweosse n. terror, dread Also used as
the name of a Maia: Osseetymology: GOS = dreadsee also: Osse
Osse n. Terror The name of a MaiaTaryn - In Etym - it says ”see Mandos ,yet I don’t think they are one and thesame as Mandos is listed as Namo . Soare these two related, or is Osse simplyrelated to Mandos through the name-ending -os = short for oss e?
etymology: GOS = dread
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osto, -os n. fortress, city,stronghold A place circledwith fortifications or strong walls.
etymology: OS- = round/aboutOstoher phr. City-lord, mascu-
line nameetymology: osto (city) + heru
(lord)Otselen phr. Seven Stars An al-
ternative name for the constellationValacirca.
etymology: otso (seven) + elen(star)
otso n. seven Cardinal sevenetymology: OT-→OTOS = seven
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P
pahta adj. closedpalan adj. far, wide, distant,
to great extent Seems to refermore to distance and ”farness” than”wideness” - which would be the re-lated palla
etymology: PAL = wide/openPalantir phr. Far-sighted, Far-
seer, masculine nameetymology: palan (far/distant) +
tir (watch/see)palantir phr. Far-seer The magic far-
seeing stones made by the Noldor inthe First Age.
etymology: palan (wide/far) +tir (watch/see)
Palarran phr. Far-Wanderer,name-ship (UT:179)
see also: palan, ranpalla adj. wide, expansive This
word refers more to wideness,whereas the similar word palangenerally refers more to distanceand ”farness”.
etymology: PAL = wide/openpalme n. surface Due to relation
with palla (wide/open), this ap-pears to mean the wide, flat surfaceof something.
etymology: PAL- = wide/openpalpa- v. to beat, batter Note that
a related Noldorin word mentionedthe beating of a wing - so this may
also be appropriate, along with pos-sibly heart-beat etc.
etymology: PALAP- tobeat/batter
palu-, palya- v. open wide,spread, expand, extend Taryn- Both these verbs were glossed to-gether. I’m making a guess that theyare a transitive/intransitive pair - butcan’t be certain yet. I’ve only listed onein the index
etymology: PAL- = wide/openpalure n. surface, bosom (as ”bo-
som of the earth”) In Etym, de-scribed ”as for Old English folde.Taryn - so what is the difference be-tween this ”surface” and palm e?
etymology: PAL = open/widePalurien phr. ?bosom of the
earth? Yavanna’s surnameetymology: palure = bosom of
the earth + ?-ien?panda n. enclosure Seems to re-
fer to a safe, enclosed space (re-lated Noldorin words are ”haven”and ”courtyard”). Compare withpel- - which refers to encirclementor ”fencing in”. Taryn - Somethingmroe specific on the difference betweenthese would be nice.
etymology: PAD = enclosurepano n. shaped wood Refers to
a piece of shaped wood. This
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is followed by a fruther definitionwhich may or may not be a prim-itive form: ”pano : plank, fixedboard,especially in a floor”. Taryn -This may or may not simply be a fur-ther descripti0on of this word - see also:ampano which seems to be deriviativefrom this.
etymology: PAN- = shape/fixrelated: antonyms : runda
panta adj. openetymology: PAT-→ panta = open
panta- v. unfurl, spread-out,open
etymology: PAT-→ panta = openpanya- v. fix or set in place Etym
notes this is especially of wood. Seerelated: pano which refers to a pieceof shaped wood.
etymology: PAN- = place, set orfix in place
papa- v. tremble HFs courserelated: past tense : pampe
parca adj. dryetymology: PARAK- = dryrelated: antonyms : linque,
micsa, nendaparma n. book, tengwa #2 Taryn -
Seems to literally mean ”composition”.etymology: PAR- = to com-
pose/put togetherparmalambe phr. book-language
As we all know, a lot of lan-guages have a formal writing ver-sion. quenya is no exception, es-pecially by the 3rd age. ”Spoken-Quenya” had apparently lost a fewof the formalities that were still usedin ”book-Quenya” (eg even morenoun cases). This word is used to
refer to the formal book-version of alanguage.
etymology: parma (book) +lambe (tongue/language)
parmatema phr. p-series, labialsThe labial series of phonetic soundsgenerally linked with the p-series ofthe Tengwar (Appendix E)
see also: parma, temapasta- v. smooth out Related (dis-
tantly) to panta- = ”to spread-out”etymology: PATH-→ pathna = to
smoothpata- v. rap, tap as in to make a noise
HFs courserelated:see also: past tense : pante
pe n. lip a single lip - not usedvery often - more commonly foundas peu = a natural pair of lips.
etymology: PEG = mouthsee also: peu
pel- v. revolve, return, turn, go-around, pivot
etymology: PEL- - revolvearound a fixed point
pel- v. encircle, surround, go-around, fence-in Taryn - I’ve beenthinking about this one. In Etym pel islisted (with this sort of definition) as aNoldorin word under the stem PEL(ES)- whereas the stem PEL leads specifi-cally to the other deifnition of the wordpel- = ”to revolve”, rather than ”to encir-cle/surround”... If I were to try and finda Quenya verb from PEL(ES) I wouldprobably try something like pelsa- -however it’s possible that this word iscorrect (I’m merely throwing doubt hereuntil I read the attestation myself), or
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even if not - that the prefix pel- mightstill be valid use for the compoundwords that follow. SA:pel-
pelen adj. fenced, encircled SA:pel-see also: pel-
Pelendur phr. fence-servant?,defence-servant?, name-masc(Appendix A) Taryn - perhaps ”fence”is not to be taken literally - but perhapsthis is indicative of a person on watch atthe borders?
see also: -dur, pelen?peler n. fenced field Taryn - Not en-
triely sure if this is the correct golssas the punctuation surrounding it isconfusing. The following definition is”fenced villiage/town” so it may meanthat instead
etymology: PEL(ES) = fencedfield
pella postposition?. beyond Appar-ently a postposition rather than apreposition in Quenya: Andunepella ”beyond the West”, elenillorpella ”from beyond the stars” (Nam,RGEO:66, Markirya)
Pelori phr. defensive heights Themountains raised by the Valar toprotect Aman (SA:pel, WJ:403)
see also: oron, pel-peltas [peltacs-] n. a pivot point
Note the irregular plural - based onthe primitive root word.
etymology: PEL- (revolvearound fixed point) + TAK (makefast)→ peltacse = a pivot
related: pl : peltacsipenda adj. sloping
etymology: PENpende n. slope, inclination
etymology: PEN
penya adj. lacking, inadequate Asin penya tengwe VT39:19
per- adj. half Something that has beenhalved or half-something
Pereldar phr. half-elven Letters:282see also: elda, per
perina ?. n?half adj?half v(pastpart)?halved Taryn - I lean towardthe concept that this is the past par-ticiple of ”halve” - as Helge mentionsit’s possibly an ancient form of this -which is why it doens’t have a long e...or maybe it’s something entirely diffeer-ent... who knows?
etymology: PER- = to divide inhalf
perya- v. halve Taryn - this is a guessat what this word means at it is un-glossed. I’m pretty sure there’s somespeculation about it in Helge’s coursebut i forget exactly what - I’ll get backto it later.
etymology: PER- = divide in halfpeu n. lips specifically a pair of lips
(ie a natural pair)see also: pe
pıca- v. lessen, dwindle, wane,diminish Markirya
pica adj. little Taryn - Guessed frompıca- and picinaucor , but probably re-lated to PIK = small spot/dot
Picinaucor, pityanaucor phr.little-dwarves, petty-dwarves(WJ:389)
see also: nauco, picapilin [pilind-] n. arrow
etymology: PILIM = arrowpirya n. juice, syrup
etymology: PIS- = juice
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pitya adj. small, little, petty HFscourse
Pityafinwe phr. Little Finwe,name-masc He was called Amrodin Sindarin. Short Quenya namePityo (PM:353)
see also: finwe, pityaPityo
see also: Pityafinwepiuta- v. spit
etymology: PIW- = to spitpoica adj. clean, pure
etymology: POY = clean/purepol- v. can eg ”I can” = polin Note
that polin is in the aorist form as it isgenerally used to describe anotherverb as in: polin quete QuenyaVT:41:6
polda adj. strong, burly Physicallyfit and able.
etymology: POLOD = physicallystrong
poldore ?n. ?strength? Taryn - Aguess - as this word isn’t specificallyglossed, but appears beside polda asa ”see also”
etymology: POLOD = physicallystrong
Poldorea phr. ? Taryn - Also notglossed and given it looks like thepresent tense formation of an unat-tested verb: *poldora- I have no idea...possibly ”strengthening”? from verb ”togrow strong”?
etymology: POLOD = physicallystrong
pore n. flour, meal Presumably anyground grain (or possibly any dry,ground substance).
etymology: POR- (?to grind?) →pori = flour/meal
punta n. stopped consonant Lit-erally also ”a stop” - but refersto stopped consonants Taryn - suchas...?
etymology: PUT- = to stop/haltpusta n. A stop, full-stop Can refer
to punctuation’s ”full-stop”, but canbe used to refer to other stops eg ”astop in the conversation”. The for-mer is also referred to more specifi-cally with putta.
etymology: PUS/PUT = tostop/halt
pusta- v. stop, halt, pause, ceaseCan be used both transitively: ”putan end to”, or intransitively ”tocease”
etymology: PUS/PUT = tostop/halt
putta n. full-stop Used of the punc-tuational full-stop only.
etymology: PUT- = to stop/haltrelated: synonyms : pusta
purea adj. bleared, smeared, dis-coloured eg anar purea = a sunbleared (Markirya)
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quaco n. crow (WJ:395)qual- v. die painfully
etymology: KWAL = die in painqualin adj. dead
etymology: KWAL- = die in painrelated: n : qualme, synonym :
firinqualme n. agony, painful death
Die in a more generic way is fir-etymology: KWAL- = die in painrelated: synonym : fir-
quame n. sickness Compare withcaila = ”abed due to illness”, andengwe = ”prone to sickness”/”witha capability to get sick”
etymology: KWAM- = sicknessquanta-, quat- v. fill This is an inter-
esting verb as there are two attestedforms - as yet we are not sure whichis correct. Taryn - is there a possi-bility of trqansitive/intransitive compar-ison between them? If os it seems thatquanta- would be the intransitive ”it isfull” as opposed to quat- ”he filled it”(WJ:392)
etymology: Etym KWATArelated: adj : quanta
quanta prep. full for example:”quante tengwi” = full signs HFscourse
etymology: KWAT- = fullrelated: v : quanta-
Quantarie n. Day of Completion,
Oldyear’s Day lit. ”filled day”(PM:127)
see also: quanta,arequantien, quantien” phr. full
year from quanta- + yen note that”yen” becomes ”ien” as if smearedwhen spoken quickly. PM:126
see also: quanta,yenquare, quar n. fist ”Though its chief
use was in reference to the tightlyclosed hand as in using an im-plement or a craft-tool rather thanto the ’fist’ as used in punching”PM:318
etymology: KWAR- = clutchinghand/fist
quel- v. fade, wane, witherThis word binds closer to the con-cept of ”wither” than the otherglosses. Compare with: pıca- =”lessen/dwindle” sinta- = ”fade”dom- = ”fade/dim”
etymology: KWEL- =fade/wither
related: synonyms : dom-, pıca-,sinta-
quelet, queletsi n. corpse Some-thing faded/withered. Taryn -queletsi is listed with quelet and thereis no difference mentioned in Etym.
etymology: KWEL-(wither/fade)→ kwellett = corpse
quelie adj. waning, fading
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129
related: v : quel-quelle n. fading (the), autumn
In the calendar of Imladris a pre-cisely defined period of 54 days, butalso used without any exact defini-tion, for the latter part of autumnand the beginning of winter (Ap-pendix D) Fading generally refers tothe sun’s light fading - as in Nar-quelion = ”sun-waning”
see also: quel-quen, -quen pronoun?. one,
(some)body, person, individ-ual The meaning of the pluralshould also be explained as: ”per-sons”, ”(some) people”, ”they” withthe most general meaning (as in”they [= people in general] saythat...”). It was combined withnoun and adjective stems in oldcompounds to denote habitual oc-cupations or functions, or to de-scribe those having some notable(permanent) quality; examples in-clude roquen, ciryaquen, arquen,q.v. Also in aiquen, ilquen (WJ:361cf. 360, 372)
quende n. elf This singular form isnot often employed. Taryn - Possi-bly only use it when trying to draw aten-tion to the fact that this person is an elf,rather then just a man or woman etc.
etymology: KWEN(ED) →kwenede = elf
Quendendil, Quendil adj.aelfwine, Elf-friend (WJ:410)
see also: -dil, quendeQuenderin adj. elvish ”Quen-
dian” or belonging to the Elves asa whole. Gnerally considered a
learned word. (WJ:407)see also: -rin?, quende
Quendi n. elves The elves as arace (note the singular quende isnot much used) SA:quen-/quet-
quendi n. elf-female MR:229etymology: Changed from
quendepl quendir
quendu n. elf-male MR:229etymology: Changed from
quendopl quendur
Quendya n. Elves (arch) Thisis the original form of the wordQuenya, preserved in the Vanyarindialect (Quenya is the Noldorinform) (WJ:361, 371)
quenta n. story, tale Taryn - Possiblycan be generalised to ”a writing” due toit’s origins.
etymology: KWET- (say) →kwenta = tale
see also: quet-quentale n. an accounting, his-
tory Taryn - I can vaguely see the dif-ference between this and quenta andthis and lumequental e, but the differ-ence is not written down and thus notexplicit.
etymology: KWET- (say) →kwenta = tale
related: synonyms : lumequen-tale, nyare
see also: quet-quentaro n. narrator The one who
is reciting th tale. Taryn - Thoughcould posibly also be used for a regu-lar teller of tales = a storyteller.
etymology: KWET- (say) →kwentro = narrator
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130 Q
see also: quet-quenya n. speech, language,
elvish The language-nameQuenya is said to mean prop-erly ”language, speech”. However,Quenya (archaic Quendya, stillso in Vanyarin) is also interpreted”Elvish” (as in the speech of elvishpeople just as ”English” is thespeech of english people). Theadjective corresponding to Quendiis no longer used as a general adjec-tive, eg Quenya lambe = ”Quenyatongue” is used instead of justQuenya as ”elvish” (WJ:407)
etymology: KWEN(ED) →kwenede = elf
querna adj. turned Isolated fromnuquerna = ”under-turned” = re-versed, turned upside down
quesse n. feather, tengwa #4 (Ap-pendix E, WJ:417)
etymology: KWES → kwesse =feather
quesset n. pillow The name stemsfrom the down used to fill a pillow.
see also: quessequessetema n. feather-series,
labialized series A series of thetengwar with soft, feathery sounds,starting with ”qu” (Appendix E)
see also: quesse, temaquet- v. say, speak, tell
etymology: KWET- = sayquetil n. language, toungue
This seems to be the more ”for-mal” way of saying a language (re-ferring to the stem KWET- as bothwords and also somthing that canbe said). The more vernacular use-
age of ”toungue” is lambe. Taryn -This entry is listed in Etym, but I haven’tyet found lamb e in tehre and there is noreference made to it, so I do not know ifthis is less (or more) valid.
etymology: KWET- = sayrelated: synonyms : lambesee also: quet-
quetta n. wordetymology: KWET- = saysee also: quet-
quinga n. bow The weapon usedfor shooting arrows. To refer to abow that you tie in your shoelaces(or anything else that is bow-shapedor curved) use cu
etymology: KWIG = bowsee also: cu
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R
-r gram. grammar-pluralisation-nouns-vowel-ending,grammar-pluralisation-verbs-a-stem This letter pluralises agood deal of words - both nouns,and their verb components (verbsand adjectives in Quenya mustagree in number with their nouns)- but only for words that end in avowel. Contrast with -i (for nounsending in a consonant). Note also,that verbs must agree in muberwith thier subject only, not theirobject. It is also used for words inwhich the -i plural might becomemistaken for the partitive plural -lisuch as for malle which becomesmaller (NB: there are few definiteattestations to this, but it is a reason-able assumption). Note, adjectivesform their plurals in -e rather than-r or -i
etymology: Aparrently begunamong the Noldor PM:402.
related: -ea,-i,-lira [rav-] n. lion Note relation to rava
= ”wild/untamed”.etymology: RAW → rau = lionrelated: pl : ravi
rac- v. break Markiryaraca n. wolf
etymology: From DARAK = wolfracina adj. stripped, deprived As
racina tengwi VT39:6see also: rac-
racina adj. broken Past participle? ofrac-
see also: rac-raica adj. crooked, bent, wrong
etymology: RAYAK =wrong/crooked
related: synonyms : rempa,hwarin
raime n. hunt, hunting Taryn - I’mnot sure if this is the verb ”to hunt” orthe nounn ”the hunt”. I have chosenthe latter due to it’s ending of e, but Ican’t guess at the meaning of the sec-ond gloss ”hunting”. This word is alsorelated to roita- (pursue) through thestem, but not described how it is de-rived.
etymology: ROY- = to chaserama n. wing The pl. ramainen lit:
”with wings” is generally translated”on wings”.
etymology: RAM = wingramaloce n. winged-dragon
etymology: loce, ramarelated:
ramba n. walletymology: RAMBA = wall
ran- v. wander, stray SA:ran- Taryn- Not so certain of this... Etym listsranya- as this verb - perhaps this hasa slightly different meaning?
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132 R
-ran n. wanderer From PalarranRana adj. The moon, wayward,
wandering A name of the moon.etymology: RAN-(to wan-
der/stray)→ Rana (Moon)ranco n. arm Taryn - Helge’s course
lists plural: rancu , yet Etymologies listsirregular plural: ranqui ...
etymology: RAK- (to stretchout/reach)→ ranku = arm
related: dual : rancuranda n. cycle, age Counted as 100
Valian years Taryn - (which is?) , thisis a cycle or age of the earth.
etymology: RAD- (to return) →randa
rane adj. straying, wanderingetymology: RAN- =
stray/wanderrelated: v : ranya-
ranen adj. errant Roaming after ad-venture...
etymology: RAN- =stray/wander
related: v : ranya-ranga n. yard, pace, metre This
Numenorean linear measure was”slightly longer than our yard, ap-proximately 38 inches [= 96.5 cm]”.(UT:285, 461)
etymology: Taryn - Presumably re-lated to RAK- as for rangw e?
rangwe n. fathom The fathom istraditionally the length of two out-stretched arms, thus its etymology.
etymology: RAK- (to stretchout/reach)→ rakme
ranya- v. to wander or strayetymology: RAN- = wan-
der/stray
related: adj : ranerasse n. horn This geenrally refers to
an animal horn, but also to a peak-shaped mountain such as Caradhras(Sindarin)
etymology: RAS- = to stick uprauco n. monster, demon ”a pow-
erful, hostile, and terrible creature”(WJ:415, cf. SA)
etymology: RUK = demonraumo n. storm-noise The noise of
a storm Markirya - seems related toRauros
Rauros n. thunder-falls? The greatwaterfall on Aunduin on the way toGondor - making a sound like thun-der
rauta n. metal Taryn - Not sure if thisis metal as noun, metal as adjective,metal as material or what as it isn’t fur-ther glossed. It’s also a little confusingas there is a fullstop between the stem’sgloss (metal) and the word (not specif-ically glossed). Also ntoe that Tolkienoriginalaly had RAUTa mean copperrather than metal in general.
etymology: RAUTA = metalrava adj. wild, untamed
etymology: RAB → raba =wild/untamed
rava n. bank/embankment,dike? Especially used of riverbanks. Related to ramba = ”wall”
etymology: RAMBA = wallrave n. roar In general a roaring noiseravea adj. roaring Markirya
see also: ravere, -re n. day A full 24hour day
reckoned from sunset to sunset (Ap-pendix D)
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133
-rel n. daughter, feminine-extension? Taryn - guessed fromsome female names - appears to turnthe name into a feminine one
rembe n. mesh (Appendix E, in a foot-note)
rempa n. crooked, hooked Taryn- Note this isn’t specifically glossed asQuenya in Etym, but it looks like aQuenya word
etymology: REP- = tobend/hook
related: synonyms : raica,hwarin
rena n. edge, border, marginTaryn - At a wild guess, I’d say thisword means a border/edge betweentwo things, rather than at the far edgeof things, which is likely to be rıma .
etymology: REG = edge, borderrelated: synonyms : rıma
rer- v. scatter, sow As in, to sow seedetymology: RED = scatter/sowrelated: past tense : rende
ric- v. twist, twine VT39:9etymology: probably from rig- =
”twine, wreathe”rie n. crown
etymology: RIG→ rıge = crownrelated: past part : rına
(crowned)rielle, riel phr. garlanded maiden
The full form rielle means ”amaiden crowned with a festival gar-land” (PM:347)
etymology: from primitive rig-”twine, wreathe”
rihta- v. jerk, twitch, suddenmove To give a quick twist ormove, also could be with suddencheck of the movement.
etymology: RIK(H) = jerk/twitchril n. flame?, radiance, brilliance
Taryn - Possibly see rilma as a rela-tive of this word. It is used in severalcompound words to mean things like”flame”.
rilma n. glittering light Related tomany of the other ”light” words hatpply to starlight such as sil- = toshine silver, and ilma = starlight.
etymology: RIL- = to glitterrilya n. glittering, brilliance Taryn
- Is this s aderived word form a verb? orpossibly from an adjective?
etymology: RIL- = to glitterrıma n. edge, border, hem Taryn
- This seems top mean something thaedges or borders something, whereasrena seems to mean a border/edge be-tween two things.
etymology: RI = edgerelated: synonyms : rena
rimba adj. numerous, frequent,many
etymology: RIM → rimba = nu-merous, frequent
related: n : rimberimbe n. crowd, great number,
host, multitudeetymology: RIM → rimbe =
host/crowdrelated: adj : rimba
rimpa adj. rushing, flying, fling-ing Often used in names of rivers.
etymology: RIP- = torush/fly/fling
rına adj. crowned Technically a past-participle of the unattested verbmeaning ”to crown”, and related tothe noun: rie = ”crown”
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134 R
etymology: RIG→ ?rince n. flourish, quick shake
etymology: RIK(H) (jerk, twitch)→ rinki = flourish/quick shake
rinda adj. circularetymology: RIN = circlerelated: n : rinde
rinde n. circleetymology: RIN = circlerelated: adj : rinda
ringe n. cold Taryn - Not glossed as towhether it is a noun or adjective, but I al-ready had ringa as an adjective, so pre-sumably this is the noun for example:”Come in from the cold”. However, notethe other form of ring e = ”cold pool”.
etymology: RINGI = coldringe n. cold pool or lake Espe-
cially in the mountains.etymology: RINGI = cold
ringa adj. cold, chill Compare withhelca which means ”icy cold”.
etymology: RINGI = coldrelated: n : ringe, synonym :
helcaRingare n. December, month
#12 The twelfth and last month ofthe year, ”December” (Appendix D,SA:ring); the word seems to mean”Cold-day”.
see also: re, ringarista n. cut A cut that has been
caused. Obvioulsy related to theverb rista- which means ”to cut”.
etymology: RIS- = to cutrelated: synonyms : cirisse
rista- v. cut, cleaveetymology: RIS- = cut/cleaverelated: n : rista, synonyms : cir-
-ro pron.. he pronominal ending ”he”,eg in antavaro
ro- v. riseetymology: ETYM RO
roc- v. ride Taryn - Speculative guessfrom roquen = roc + wen = ride + per-son
rocco riding-horse, swift horse. ROK =horse
related:roina adj. ruddy, reddish Notethat ”ruddy” generally means ”red-dish” rather than red - per se, and socan be used for things like a ”ruddycomplexion” etc, but if somethingcan be truly thought of as red, thenuse carn”e.
etymology: ROY- = ruddy/redrelated: synonyms : aire, carne
roita- v. pursue, chase Notethat this is to purely pursue. Togive chase seems a logical extensiongiven the stem, but to actively behunting someone will probably re-quire a word relating to raime.
etymology: ROY- = ”to chase”rom- v. trumpet To make the noise
of a trumpet or hornroma n. loud noise, horn-blast,
trumpet-calletymology: ROM = loud
noise/trumpetsee also: romba
romba n. horn or trumpet Thisrefers to the musical instruments ofthe horn/trumpet type. It is not re-lated to an animal horn, which is:rasse. This word is based on thestem relateing to a horn’s propen-sity to make loud noises.
etymology: ROM = loudnoise/trumpet
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135
Romen n. east, tengwa #25 Liter-ally: ”rising place” ie the place thesun rises.
etymology: RO (rise) + men(place/spot)
related: synonyms : rona,antonyms : numen
Romendacil phr. East-victor (Ap-pendix A; cf. Letters:425)
see also: dacil, romenRomenna phr. eastward A place
in the eastern part of Numenor,is simply the allative ”eastward”(SA:romen)
see also: -na, romenRomenya adj. Eastern
etymology: Romen (East) + ya(from someplace)
-ron ?. ? Taryn - a grammatical phraseI want to check before adding it withdefinitiveness gen. pl. ending
rona n?. east Taryn - Glossed as East asfor Romen I am not sure the differencebetween them.
etymology: Taryn - The etymologyappears to be: RO (rise) + -na (to-wards) so possibly this word is a rela-tive word eg ”it is east of here”??? notsure
related: synonyms : romenrondo n. cave, vaulted
hall/chamber ”a vaulted orarched roof, as seen from below”(and usually not visible from out-side); ”a (large) hall or chamber soroofed” (WJ:414).
etymology: ROD- = caveronyo n. chaser, hound of the
chase Literally ”of chasing”?etymology: RON- (to chase) →
ronyo (chaser)
roquen n. horseman, rider,knight, cavalryman (WJ:372,UT:282)
see also: roc-, -quenros n. East? from hyarrostar Taryn
- guessed... may mean somethingslightly different, but works when you’retalking about ”south-east”
rosse n. dew, fine rain Note that fora light rain or drizzle, you shoulduse miste. This word realy refers otthe dripping of dew or mist that hasditilled into a very fine rain - an ex-ample being that fine ”rain” whichfalls near a waterfall, distilled fromthe water splashed into the air.
etymology: ROS- = to distil/driprelated: synonyms : miste
rotto n. grotto, tunnel Refers specif-ically to ”a small grot or tunnel”(PM:365)
Ru, Ruatan n. Drug, Drughu,woses, wild-men (UT:385) thequenyanised name for the Woses orwild-men
rucima adj. terrible (WJ:415)ruc- v. horrify? Taryn - constructed
from rucin = ”I feel horror” (WJ:415)rucina adj. confused, shat-
tered, disordered, ruined” inMarkirya (the first version ofthis poem had ”red skies”,MC:215, changed to ”ruinedskies” in the final version; seeMC:220, note 8)
related:rucsa- v. crumble Markirya
ruhta- v. terrify (WJ:415)ruma- v. shift, move, heave Gener-
ally used of large and heavy things
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136 R
participle rumala in Markirya; thiswas changed to ruma, evidently thenaked verbal stem used as participle
related: participle : rumaRumil phr. shifter?, masc. name
The interpretation is unclear andmay be related to ruma- - butdoesn’t as yet make any sense asit appears to be in second personaorist form = ”you move? you shift?you heave?” (WJ:398)
see also: ruma-runda n. rough piece of wood
Related words in Sindarin impliedthat this word can be used of clubsand maces as well as simply a roughlump of wood.
etymology: RUD- → runda =rough piece of wood
related: antonyms : panorunya footprint, slot, print. A mark
made by the flat of the handor sole of the foot. RUN = flat ofhand/sole of foot
related:runya phr. red flame (SA:ruin;PM:366 gives runya) Taryn - no ideaof the etymology here - probably a van-yarin word for red
rus n. copper as evidenced in calarus= ”burnished/polished copper”
see also: russarusco [ruscu-] n. fox (PM:353)
see also: -ca?, rusruscuite adj. foxy
see also: ite?, ruscorussa adj. copper, russet as per the
colour for hairsee also: ambarussa,russandol
Russandol phr. Copper-
top A nickname (epesse) ofMaitimo/Nelyafinwe (PM:354)
see also: -dol, russarusse n. coruscation The flash and
sparkle of metal. Also an archaicword for the blade of a sword.
etymology: RUS- flash/glitter ofmetal
-rya ?. ? Taryn - another grammat-ical point that will wait until verifiedpronominal ending ”his, her” (Nam,RGEO:67)
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S
-s pron. it Taryn - refer to longer formsaccat- v. rend assumed from sac-
cante = ”rent” (SD:246)saila adj. wise HFs course
etymology: from sairaSalmar phr. name-masc ety-
mology unclear: sal- + -mar =”home/settle” (Silm)
salque n. grass HFs coursesanda n. shield Taryn - guessed from
sandastansandastan [sandastam-] phr.
shield-barrier A battle-formationUT:282;
see also: sanda, stamasanga n. press, throng, crowd
(spec), group (spec), phalanx?in Sangahyando ”Throng-cleaver”,name of a man in Gondor (SA:thang;a footnote in Letters:425 explains that”throng” here means a closely formedbody of enemy soldiers) Taryn - com-pare with rimb e
sarat n. letter Any individual sig-nificant mark, used of the lettersof Rumil after the invention ofFeanor’s tengwar (WJ:396)
sar [sard-] n. stone, rock as an ob-ject, rather than the material ”stone”
etymology: Etymologies, entrySAR
sarda adj. hard, solid As in sardatengwe VT39:17
see also: sar-Sardi tengwe n. stone-series,
tengwar series Refers to the Taryn- can’t rem which series of the Teng-war - those with heavy sounds.
see also: sar, tengwesarnie n. shingle, pebble-bank
(UT:463)see also: sar
saur adj. abhominable, abhor-rent
Sauron phr. the Abhorred, name-Maia if you don’t know who this is- you haven’t red LotR
etymology: Earlier Thauron(SA:thaur), archaic thaurond- (Let-ters:380, where a special letter is usedinstead of the digraph th)
seldo n. child-masc? Taryn - Tolkiendidn’t provide a specific gloss - but itwas used in the context of discussing achild and appears to have a masculineform so probably means ”boy” wheras”seldie” perhaps means girl?
etymology: SEL-Dseler [sell-] n. sister LR:392
related: pl : selliselma n. fixed idea, will WJ:319
etymology: The ar-chaic/Vanyarin form is thelmais given, actually spelt with theletter thorn, not the digraph th
sen n. children from Erusen
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138 S
ser- v. restetymology: SEDrelated: past tense : sende
serce n. blood (SA:sereg)sere n. rest
etymology: Etymologies: SEDserta- v. tie QL:83Serinde phr. Broideress, Needle-
woman, name-fem (PM:333)etymology: Original form
Therinde, then the letter thorn waastransformed into s
sı ?. now Taryn - this needs investigationas there appear many forms - probablyall of slightly different meaning (Nam,RGEO:67, LR:47, 310), sin (LR:47) orsın (SD:247, 310) before vowels. InFS, sı is translated ”here”.
sil- v. shine silver, ?gleam Thisword is specific to white or silver-shining - and generally refers tostarlight or moonlight. Comparewith cal- which also means ”toshine” but refers to any sort of light.
related: synonym : cal-silima n. silmaril-substance The
substance the Silmarils were madeof, invented by Feanor (SA:sil)
Silmarien phr. shining-jewel,name-fem (Appendix A)
see also: silmarilSilmaril, silmarille [silmarill-]
n. jewel stones (of Feanor)The shining jewels made by Feanor(SA:sil) Translated ”radiance of purelight” in Letters:148. Genitive Sil-marillion, as in Quenta Silmaril-lion ”(the story) of the Silmarils”.Taryn - if ril means flame, then thesecould be star-flames
see also: miril, ril-, sil-, silmesilme n. starlight, tengwa #29
(Appendix E)silme nuquerna phr. s-reversed,
tengwa #30 This tengwa is similarto normal silme but turned upsidedown (Appendix E)
see also: nuquerna, silmeSilmerosse phr. Silver-rain, The
white tree This is anther namefor the White Tree of Valinore (gen-erally called Silpion) and refers tothe fine silver rain that fell from theflowers of this tree.
etymology: silme (silver) + rosse(dew)
related: Synonyms : SilpionSilpion phr. silver(-shining) one
An alternative name of Telperion -the white tree of Valinor. The namerefers to the shining silver dew srip-ping from the flowers of this tree.(Silm)
etymology: Derived from a stemSıLIP, a longer form of SIL (alsoTHIL) = ”shine silver” (LR:385)
sımen ?. here Taryn - Will wait for con-firmation on this along with the ”now”words, but seems to literaly mean ”now-place” (FS; cf. sinome in EO)
sin ?. ? Taryn - will get backto this after confirmation (1) a wordeither meaning ”thus” (adverb) or”this” (as an independent word inthe sentence, not modifying an-other word like sina does). At-tested in the sentence sin quenteQuendingoldo Elendilenna, either*”this Pengolodh said to Elendil” or”thus spoke Pengolodh to Elendil”(PM:401). (2) a form of sı ”now”
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139
(q.v.) occurring before vowels, pos-sibly replaced by sın.
sina ?. ? Taryn - need to confirmthis ”this” (following its noun inour sole example: vanda sina ”thisoath”) (CO)
sinca n. flint Taryn - from sincahondasincahonda adj. flint-hearted
(LotR3:VI ch. 6)see also: sinca, hon
sinda adj. grey SA:thin(d)Sindar n. Grey (the), Grey-elves
lit. ”Grey ones” WJ:375see also: sinda
Sindarin adj. Grey-elven Normallyused of the Grey-elven language.(Appendix F)
see also: sindasinde adj. grey, pale-grey, silvery
grey WJ:384 In SA:thin(d) the formgiven is sinda. Sinde and sindaare apparently variants of the sameword.
etymology: The Vanyarin dialectpreserves the older form thinde
Sindel n. Grey-elf Sinda and Sindarare also possible, but less common(WJ:384)
see also: sinda, sindeSindacollo, Sindicollo phr. Grey-
cloak A title of Elwe (Elu) (Sin-darin Thingol). (WJ:410, MR:217)
etymology: Original form:Thindicollo (WJ:333).
see also: colla, sinda, sindeSingollo Sindacollo A contraction
of Sindacollo (Silm)see also: Sindacollo
sinome phr. in this place [taryn -this may be naturally formed, and
thus not required... I’ll get back to itwhen I figure that out.] (EO)
sinta- v. fade Taryn - related to sind e?Presumably - grey-out
etymology: Etym THIN(D)related: synonyms : quel-
sir- v. flow LR:385etymology: from SIR
Siriondil phr. Flowing-one-friend, name-masc The word”Sirion” seems to mean ”flowing-one” but may have a more specificgloss. perhaps ”friends of rivers” ismore appropriate? (Appendix A)
see also: -dil, -ion, sir-siule v (tr). incitementsoica adj. thirstySolonyeldi phr. ”surf-singers”,
the Teleri Another name for theTeleri. Taryn - Referring to?
etymology: solo (surf) + nyeldo(singer)
sorno n. eagle (Letters:427)etymology: archaic thorno -
Tolkien used to use soron and thisis evidenced in several names, butit seems that it has been changed tosorno
Sorontar phr. eagle-lord = Sin-darin Thorondor, name of an Eagle(SA:thoron)
see also: sorno, -tarSoronume phr. name-
constellation, Western-eagle?,eagle-descending? The name ofa constellation, apparently incorpo-rating soron ”eagle” and probablynume which could either be ”west”or ”descending” (SA:thoron)
see also: nume, sorno
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140 S
-sse gram. ? Taryn - a grammatical formI’ll get to when I get to it, but seem to beused to turn an adjctive into the noun -like ”ity”→ so divine, would become ”di-vinity” if you added -ss e to it. There isalso one instance where it seems to beused from a verb to a noun: cir- ”cut”→ ciriss e ”gash” - however, this maybe a false identification due to the stemof that word incorporating -IS locativeending; in Loriendesse, q.v.; pl. -ssen in yassen, mahalmassen
stama- v. bar, exclude Taryn - fromsandastan
-star n. -lands Taryn - guessed fromAndustar and ”-lands” words
stir n. face Taryn - a *very* tentativeguess from carnistir - almost certainlywrong, but I know there is another ref-erence to it somewhere so I’ll get backand change it later
suc- v. drinketymology: SUK
sule [suli-] n. spirit, tengwa #9(Appendix E)
etymology: Originally thule, be-fore the shift th ¿ s that occurredshortly before the rebellion of theNoldor
sulime n. March, month #3 With ameaning refering to the winds Taryn- strangely, though, as that would meanit should be surim e - this seems to referto spirits (SA:sul)
see also: suleSulimo phr. name-Vala A title of
Manwe (SA:sul) [taryn - uncertainetymology]
see also: sulesuma n. cavity, bosom Hollow cav-
ity Markirya
sunda n. root, base Where some-thing stems/proceeds from
sundo n. consonant-base,consonant-stem A quenyanstem base
sundoma n. base-vowel, stem-vowel The determinant vowel of abase. Christopher Tolkien gives theexample KAT, which stem has thesundoma A; the stem TALAT hasthe sundoma repeated; in deriva-tive forms the sundoma might beplaced before the first consonant;e.g. ATALAT (WJ:319)
see also: sundosungwa n. drinking-vessel, cup
(n), mug?sure [suri-] n. wind(n) Instru-
mental surinen ”in the wind” ormore literally ”by the wind” Nam,RGEO:66,
Surion phr. wind-son, name-masc (Appendix A)
suya- v. breathe HFs course
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T
-t gram. grammar-dual-ending,grammar-pluralisation-dualdenotes a pair of something:maryat ”her (pair of) hands” (Nam)”originally” meant as a purely nu-merative form as a shorthand formof atta, it came to be used as anotherform of the matched-pair style dualending like -u. Note: having lostthe meaning-distinction betweenthe two possible dual-endings,the choice of -u or -t is generallydetermined by euphony eg alduand ciryat
see also: -u-t pron. them The short version of
this pronominal ending seen in theword laituvalmet ”we shall blessthem” The independent word is teand the long-version in -nte
see also: -nte, tetac- v. fasten, fix, make-fast HFs
courseetymology: from TAK
tal [tal-] n. footetymology: dual : talu, pl : talirelated:
taita- v. prolong HFs courseetymology: TAY
talan [talam-] n. floor esp as in the”floors” built by the elves in Lorienup in the trees
etymology: From primitive ta-
lam LR:390talat- v. slipping, sliding, falling
(down) Taryn - is this a tense-difference between this as talta- ? (Let-ters:347)
tallune n. sole of the footetymology: RUN (flat of hand or
foot) → tal (foot) + runya (imprintof foot)
talta- v. slip, slide down, collapseMarkirya
see also: talat-tan- v. make?, build? Taryn - this
is guessed from -tan as it seems that”watcher” is -tir just as tir- is to watch
see also: -tan-tan adj. maker, builder as in sev-
eral namessee also: ciryatan, minastan
tana- v. show, indicate (MR:350,385, 471)
tana ?. that Used in the demonstra-tive: ”that”, when asked to indicate(thus it’s relation to the verb)
see also: tana-tancave adv. certainly, surely, *yes
Note: there is no attested form forthe word ”yes” in Tolkien’s writ-ings (so far...) but this seems to beone of the two community-acceptedcircumlocutions. The other beingye. This word is generally usedwherever we’d answer a question
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142 T
in the affirmative - whihc is formost cases where one would use theword ”yes”. The othr is generallyas a simple exclamation of delight...”yes!” - for which purpose the wordye is the obvious contender.
etymology: TAKrelated: synonyms : ye
Tancol n. Signifer Referred to as:”the significant star”, this is a namefor Venus (MR:385)
see also: tana-taniquelasse phr. signifies-
speech-leaf? The name of atree (UT:167), possible etymology:Tanique(til) + lasse ”leaf”
see also: lasse, taniquetilTaniquetil phr. High white horn
More literally: ”high snow horn”,this refers to the highest of themountains of Valinor, upon whichwere the mansions of Manwe andVarda; properly, this name refers tothe topmost peak only, the wholemountain being called Oiolosse(SA:til)
etymology: Nikwitilde Tara →ta(ra) + nique + til(de) = ”high””snow” ”horn”
see also: nique, tara, tildetanna n. sign, indication Obvi-
ously related to tana- - this is pre-sumably something that has beenindicated or shown to be. (MR:385)
see also: tana-tam- v. tap Taryn - tap to make noise? or
tap as in ”reach deep resources” or tapas in ”attach a tap to” → see the Etymentry to check (tap to make a noise ispata)
etymology: Etym TAMtap- v. stop, cease, block, end
see also: Etym TAPtapta adj, n. hindered, impeded,
consonant as in tapta tengwe =impeded signs - no doubt there isa secondary, noun-meaning to taptaas in sarda
related:tar prep. beyond (FS)
tar- adj. high, lofty A titular elementprefixed to the names of the Kingsand Queens of Numenor (e.g. Tar-Amandil)
Tar-Ciryatan phr. king-shipbuilder, name-masc nameof a Numenorean king (SA:kir-)
see also: tar- ciryatanTareldar phr. High-elves Taryn - I
think these were the elves that left forValinor. (MR:349)
see also: Elda, tartara adj. lofty, tall, high Also used
in a sense to mean noble or aboveothers in station or purity. (WJ:417)
see also: tar-Tarannon phr. High-gift?, name-
masc (Appendix A)see also: anna, tar-
Tarcalion phr. high-golden-shining, name-king Quenyaname of Ar-Pharazon (LR:47,SD:246)
see also: calion, tar-Tarcil phr. high-man, name-masc
Also used to mean NumenoreanTaryn - where does it say this? (Ap-pendix A)
see also: -cil?, tar-
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tari n. queen, high-lady Etymolog-ically ”she that is high” (SA:tar)
related: possessive : tarinya (nottarinya)
see also: tar-tarie n. height (LotR3:VI ch. 4, trans-
lated in Letters:308)see also: tar-
Tarion n. weekday #6 The alterna-tive name of Valanya, the last day ofthe Eldarin six-day week, dedicatedto the Powers (Valar) (Appendix D)Taryn - etymology seems to indicate”high-one”
tarma n. pillar Taryn - obviously seemsto be related to the fact that it reachesto the hieghts = tar- (SA:tar)
see also: tar-Tarmasundar phr. Roots of the
Pillar, name-place The slopes ofMeneltarma in Numenor (UT:166)
see also: sunda, tarmaTarmenel phr. High Heaven, the
true firmament As opposed toNur-menel (LotR1:II ch. 1)
see also: menel, tar-Tarondor phr. Lord of On-
dor (Gondor), name-masc (Ap-pendix A)
see also: Ondor, tar-Tarostar phr. Lord of the cas-
tle/sity, name=masc (AppendixA)
see also: osto, tar-tarya adj. stifftasar n. willow (SA:tathar)Tasarinan phr. Willow-vale,
name-place Also Nan-Tasarion= ”valley of the willows” (LotR2:IIIch. 4)
see also: tasar, nantatya n. second Ordinal two - as op-
posed to atta = cardinal twosee also: atta
Tatyar phr. Seconds, name-groupThe original name of the Noldor(or rather the direct Quenya descen-dant of the original name) (WJ:380)
see also: -r, tatyataura adj. mighty, powerful HFs
coursetaure n. wood, forest (SA:taur, Let-
ters:308) Taryn - I find it interesting that”forest” is synonymous with ”mighty”
taurea adj. forested In the ”entish”string: Tumbaletaurea
Taure huineva phr. ”Forest ofdeep shadow” The Quenya formof the Sindarin: Taur na Fuin
etymology: taure (forest) +huine (deep shadow) + -va
Taurelilomea-tumbalemornaTumbaletaurea Lomeanorphr. Lothlorien The ”Entish”-style phrase describing LothLo-rien by Treebeard, translatedliterally: ”Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalley-forested Gloomyland”, but glossed:”there is a black shadow in thedeep dales of the forest” (LotR2:IIIch. 4; translated in Appendix F under”Ents”; cf. also Letters:308)
see also: -li, lome, -nor, morna,taure, taurea, tumbale
Tauremorna phr. black-forest,name-place Taryn - but which for-est? (LotR2:III ch. 4)
see also: morna, taureTauremornalome phr. Forest of
Black Night, name-place Taryn
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144 T
- which forest again? (LotR2:III ch. 4)etymology: lome, morna, taurerelated:
te pron. them This is theindependant-word format of thispronoun, it is generally only usedin the emphatic sense - where in En-glish it would be capitalised or writ-ten in italics (LotR3:VI ch. 4, trans-lated in Letters:308)
see also: -nte, -ttec- v. write HFs coursetecil n. pen (PM:318)Taryn - ”il” seems
to end a number of words - wondering ifit means ”implement” (see macil also)
tehta n. signs, diacritics Often usedof the Feanorian vowel-signs (ex-plicitly omatehtar) (Appendix E)
tel- v. finish, be last, end (spec)To be in the rear of a set - eg Teleri→ the last of the elves to follow theValar.
telco n. stem Taryn - as in the stem ofEnglish? (Appendix E)
Telcontar phr. Strider Taryn - etymol-ogy seems wierd (MR:216)
telda adj. last, final (WJ:407)tele- v (int). finish, end Also ”be the
last thing or person in a series or se-quence of events” (WJ:411)
Telemmaite phr. Silver-handed,masculine name Note assimila-tion of ”pm” to ”mm” (Appendix A)
see also: maite, telepTelemnar phr. Silver-flame, mas-
culine name Taryn - Is this thequenyan word for mithril? Note as-similation from ”pn” to ”mn” (Ap-pendix A)
see also: nar, telep
Teleri n. hindmost, last ”those atthe end of the line, the hindmost”, aname of the Lindar, the third clan ofthe Eldar (WJ:382 cf. 371), derivedfrom the stem tel- ”finish, end, belast” (SA:tel-) refers to the sea-elvesthat were the last group to followthe Valar.
see also: tel-telluma n. dome, copula, vault
Especially the ”Dome of Varda”over Valinor, but also applied to thedomes of the mansion of Manweand Varda upon Taniquetil.
etymology: Adopted fromValarin delguma under the in-fluence of pure Quenya telume(WJ:399, 411)
see also: telumetelma n. conclusion, final-touch
”a conclusion, anything used to fin-ish off a work or affair”, often ap-plied to the last item in a structure,such as a coping-stone, or a topmostpinnacle (WJ:411)
see also: tel-telpe n. silver tyelpe is the true
Quenya descendant of primitivekyelepe, but the Telerin form telpewas more common, ”for the Teleriprized silver above gold, and theirskill as silversmiths was esteemedeven by the Noldor” (UT:266).
etymology: Probably of Telerinorigin; see Letters:426 or UT:266 fora discussion of etymology.
telpe adj. silverrelated: n : telpe, tyelpe
Telperien, Telperien phr. silvery-maid, feminine name (Appendix
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145
A)see also: telpe, -ien
telperin adj. silvery like silver inhue or worth, though not actuallymade of silver
see also: -in, telpeTelperinqua phr. silver-hand,
masculine name Quenyan ver-sion of the Sindarin name Celebrim-bor. Here the word telperin refersnot to his hand being *of* silver, butsilver in hue or worth.(SA:celeb)
see also: quare, telperinTelperion n. Silver-one The White
Tree of Valinor, also referred to asSilpion, referring ot the shining, sil-ver dew it dropped.
see also: -on, Silpion, telpetelu adj. last Taryn - guessed from
telufinw eTelufinwe phr. Last Finwe, name-
masc He was called Amras in Sin-darin. Short Quenya name Telvo.(PM:353)
see also: finwe, telutelume n. roof, canopy, dome
WJ:411see also: telluma
Telumehtar phr. dome-swordsman, orion, sky-warrior, name-constellationThe archaic name of the constel-lation of Orion, also knwon asMenelmacar. (Appendix E, WJ:411)
see also: mehtar, Menelmacar,telume
Telumendil phr. Sky-friend,name-constellation (Silm)
etymology: telumerelated:
telya- v (tr). finish, windup, conclude A completion orfinishing-up - appears to refer toconclusion in a natural manner.Compare with metya- which seemsto denote a more sudden, immedi-ate end, without benefit of comple-tion. (WJ:411)
tema n. series Often used in relationto the various series’ of the Tengwarsounds. (Appendix E)
tenasee also: tera
tengwa n. letter A letter, the writtenrepresentation of a tengwe. In non-technical usage tengwa was equiv-alent to ”consonant”, since only theconsonants were full signs (WJ:396)
tengwe n. indication, sign,token, phoneme, sound, el-ement (WJ:394); for example:hlonıti tengwi ”phonetic signs”(WJ:395)
tengwesta n. system, code Specifi-cally a system or code of signs. Thisis a technical term for ”language”,including languages not made up ofsounds (WJ:394), but used to mean”spoken language” when unquali-fied
see also: tengwetengwestie n. Language As ab-
stract or phenomenon (WJ:394)see also: tenwe
tenna prep. until, up to, as far astennoio phr. for ever Literally ”until
always”see also: oio, tenna
ter prep. through, apart (Notes onCO, UT:317)
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146 T
tera adj. straight LR:47tercen n. insight literally ”through-
sight” (MR:471)teren, terene adj. slender, thin HFs
courseTerendul phr. Slender-and-dark
teren + ndulla (dark, dusky)see also: -dul, nulla, teren
terhat- v. break apart, breakasunder, break through
etymology: Etym SKATsee also: hat-,ter
termar- v. stand (last) This is theproverbial ”last stand” - literallymeaning ”through-abide” Cirion’sOath
see also: mar-, tertie n. path Namarietihta- v. blink, peer Markiryatil n. point, horn, tine A thin, nar-
row, pointed objectTilion n. the Horned, name-Maia
The name of a Maia, steersman ofthe Moon (SA:til)
tinco n. metal, tengwa #1 (Ap-pendix E)
tincotema n. t-series, dental se-ries, metal-series The series oftengwar that make up the dentalconsonants - starting with ”t”. Lit-erally the word means ”metal se-ries” and the sound is said to have ametallic ”sound-taste” (Appendix E)
see also: tema, tincotindome n. twilight-dawn, starry
twilight, star-fading (SA:tin),usually of the time near dawn, notnear evening This time was also re-ferred to as ”star-fading”
etymology: From DOMO = faint,dim→ domi = twilight
see also: tinwetindomerel phr. dawn-daughter,
twilight-daughter More poeti-cally: ”daughter of the twilight”,a poetic name for the nightingale(Sindarin Tinuviel) (SA:tin)
see also: -rel, tindometinta- v. kindle, make-sparkle
Cause an object to sparkle. egin Tintalle ”Kindler”, a title ofVarda who made the stars (SA:tin,MR:388)
Tintalle phr. Kindler A title ofVarda who kindled the stars (Nam,RGEO:67).
see also: tinta-tintila- v. twinkle (Nam, RGEO:67)
see also: tintatinwe n. spark, sparkle
(sparkling obj) (MR:388)related: v : ita-, causative: tinta
tinwi n. sparks, star-imaginesProperly used of the star-imagineson Nur-menel
see also: nille, tinwetir- v. watch, watch over, guard,
heed Markiryasee also: tır
tır, -tir adj. watcher, guard, seer ieone who watches/guards/sees
Tirion phr. Great Watchtower,name-place a city of the Elves(SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is”Watchful City”)
see also: tir-tirno n. watchertitta adj. tinytiuca adj. thick, fat HFs course
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tiuco n. thightiuya- v. swell, grow (swollen or
fat)to n. wooltol n. isle eg Tol Eressea ”The Lonely
Isle” (Silm)toltea n. eighth ordinal eight
related: cardinal : toltotolto n. eight cardinal eight
related: ordinal : tolteatop- v. cover HFs course
etymology: Etym TOPtuc- v. draw Taryn - Presumably to
make pictures rather than to pull waterout of a well
etymology: TUKtuile n. spring In the calendar of Im-
ladris a precisely defined period of54 days, but also used without anyexact definition. (Appendix D)
tuilere n. Spring-day A day outsidethe months in the Steward’s Reck-oning, inserted between Sulimeand Vıresse (March and April). thiswas considered a holiday
see also: are, tuiletuilindo n. a swallow Literally
”spring-singer”etymology: tuile (spring) + lindo
(singer)tul- v. come, approach, move-
towards eg utulie’n aure ”Day hascome” Note: the function of the ’nis unclear, it may simply be insertedfor euphony.
etymology: TULrelated: past tense : tullesee also: tulta-
tulca adj. yellow (WJ:399)
etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin
Tulcas phr. yelow-one?, name-vala (WJ:399)
etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin
tulta- v. summon, fetch, send-forobviously related to tul- = ”come”HFs course
etymology: derived from rootTUL-
see also: tul-tulya- v. lead Taryn - the relation be-
tween tul- tulta- and tulya- makes mespeculate on the meaning of the end-ings now - obviously tul- is the baseform which means ”come” ta- addedto the end seems to imply some formof imperative causation on the part ofthe subject - perhaps of ”forward mo-tion” - you cause someone else to comeforward. Wheras ya- implies anotherform of causing someone to come - youare leading by example perhaps... orcausing yourself to ”come somewhere”else... well all of this is highly specua-tive and I’m sure all will be revealed...
see also: tul-tumba n. deep valley Letters:308
SA:tum gives tumbo simply as ”val-ley”; apparently an extended formtumbale in the Entish description ofLothlorien.
tumpo n. hump, ridge?related:
Tuna n. hill, mound, name-place The name of the hill onwhich Tirion was built (Silm), de-rived from the stem TUN as fortundo (LR:395)
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148 T
see also: tundotundo [tundu-] n. hill, mound
LR:395etymology: From primitive TUNrelated: pl : tundursee also: tumpo
tup- v. cover, roof-over fromuntupa
tur- v. govern, wield, control,master (v)
etymology: TURrelated: turuna
Turambar phr. Master of Doomor Master of Fate (Appendix A,SA:tur)
see also: ambar, tur-turca adj. strong, powerful Refers
to power of the bodyTurcafinwe phr. strong Finwe,
powerful Finwe, name-mascReferring to strength/power ofbody he was called Celegorm in Sin-darin. Short Quenya name Turco.(PM:352)
turcil phr. strong one A name of theNumenoreans (LR:47, 56; SD:246).
related: Pl : turcildiTurco nickname. Turcafinwe
see also: TurcafinweTurindo, Turin phr. victory-
mood, name-masc LR:395 TheEtymologies gives Turindo as theQuenya form of this name; Turinseems to be properly the Sindarinform, though it fits Quenya stylewell enough and Nienor used it ina Quenya sentence (near the end ofch. 21 in the Silmarillion)
etymology: Etym: TURturma n. shield
Turosto phr. Great fortress,powerful fortress, MickelburgAKA ”Gabilgathol”, a dwelling ofthe Dwarves (Sindarin Belegost)
see also: osto, tur-Turucano phr. powerful cheif-
tain? ”Turgon” (PM:344)see also: cano, tur-
turuna v (pa. t). mastered This isan alternativce past participle of tur-”wield, control, govern”. turina orturna would be more appropriate to”wielded” or ”controlled”. UT:138
see also: tur-tuv- v. find Taryn - I postulate that
this word is distinct from hir- in that itis more like ”found for the first time”or ”discovered” as used in Aragorn’sexclaimation → which could easily betranslated as ”eureka”, but I have noconfirmation of this (LotR3:VI ch. 5)
see also: hir-tuvu- v. receive HFs course: evidently
early materialtyalie n. play Taryn - not sure which
play this is: a stage production, or whatchildren do
tyar- v. cause, do, ”make hap-pen”
etymology: KYAR- = cause/dotyaro n. doer, actor, agent Some-
thing that has the power to act and”do” things.
etymology: KYAR- = cause/dosee also: tyar-
tyav- v. taste While this does referto the actual sense of taste, it alsohas idiomatic usage in such thingsas lamatyave = ”sound taste” refer-ring to other, more ephermeral sen-sations.
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etymology: KYAB- = tasterelated: past tense : tyambe, n :
tyavetyave n. taste (MR:215, 216)
etymology: KYAB- = to tasterelated: v : tyav-
tye pron. thee Not sure if thismeans ”you sg” or ”you polite” orwhat, but it is in the emphatic form.(LR:70, Arctic)
tyel- v. end, cease This ap-pears to mean that the subject ends,ceases or finishes. This is in con-trast with metya- which means to”end” something - to stop or finishsoemthing else.
etymology: KYEL- = endrelated: synonyms : metya-
tyel n. end Somethings end - the lastand final bit. See discussion in tyel-on the variants of ”end”.
etymology: KYEL- = endtyelca adj. swift, agile, hasty
etymology: KYELEK- = agile,swift
Tyelcormo phr. hasty-riser,name-masc The mother-name(never used in narrative) of Tur-cafinwe = Celegorm (PM:353)
see also: ormo, tyelcatyelima adj. final The one that is at
the end of something.see also: tyel-
tyelle n. grade Taryn - guessingthat this means like a ”level of experi-ence” rather than the angle that a slopemakes, but I have no evidence of this(Appendix E)
tyelma n. ending As in ”an ending”- something that has been made to
end, rather than the normal, naturalend of tyel (FS)
see also: tyeltyelpe n. silver The metal. Tyelpe
is the true Quenya descendant ofprimitive kyelepe, but the Telerinform telpe was more common,”for the Teleri prized silver abovegold, and their skill as silversmithswas esteemed even by the Noldor”(UT:266)
etymology: KYELEP- → kyelepe= silver
related: synonym : telpeTyelperinquar phr. Silver-fist,
masculine name The Quenyanname for Celebrimbor. Here thename refers to his hand being madeof silver, as opposed to , Telper-inquar which refers to it being*worth* that of silver. PM:318
related:see also: tyelpe
tyelpetema phr. palatal series,silver series (Appendix E) One ofthe series of Feanorian consonants
see also: tema, tyelpeTyelperion phr. silver-one, mas-
culine name The less commonform of Telperion, using tyelpe asthe form of ”silver” rather thantelep (UT:266)
see also: -ion, Telperion, telpetyulma n. mast (SD:419)
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U
u- gram. not, is-not, grammar-negation used as a prefix to negatethe following word. eg unotime =is-not-countable Taryn - possibly justa shortened form of ume = ”is not” =the aorist form of ume = ”be not”
see also: um--u gram. dual-form pluralistion
A very specific ending used for amatched-pair noun. It is used verysparingly and is almost archaic inusage. Such examples are: Alduwhich refers to the two trees of Val-imar, also veru referring to a mar-ried couple and even paired body-parts such as peu which is a pairof lips. Mainly it is only used onterms that are likely to be ”archaic”in origin - eg body parts and famousobjects that have been around for along time such as i Aldu
see also: -tu- gram. not, un-, negation (with
evil connotation) This shortenedvariation of ”not” is listed as be-ing of evil connotation. It seems toappear often in compound words,a good example being ulaire =”not living”/”unliving” (used ofthe ring-wraiths). In this com-pound, the evil connotation is obvi-ous.
etymology: GU→ gu- = no/not
see also: u-,um-,ume,umeuamanyar, umanyar, umaneldi
phr. not of Aman, name-group Refers to those Elves whodid not reach the Blessed Realm (butdid leave Cuivienen with the in-tention of going there) = Heceldi(WJ:371). umaneldi is the fullerform. (WJ:373)
see also: aman, u-, -yaufarea adj. insufficient, not
enough (FS)see also: farea
uile n. trailing plant, long plant,creeper (plant)?, vine?
etymology: earuilerelated:
Uinen, Uinenden phr. Water-weed?, name of a Maia Thewife of Osse.
etymology: UY (trailing plant) +NEN (water)
see also: nen-, uileulairi phr. Nazgul, Wraith, ring-
wraith, undead Taryn - I proposethat this is directly: u + lair e = ”not (evilform)” + ”living” = not-living/”undead”
see also: laire, u-ullier phr?. should flow? SD:247
Taryn - this is an iffy translation at themoment and remains (as yet) uncon-firmed
see also: ulya-
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ullume phr. not forever An interest-ing word occurring in FS, evidentlymeaning ”not for ever”. Taryn - in-teresting etymology, seem to be ”not onthe hour? = um- + lum e
see also: lume, um-Ulmo n. The pourer, The Rainer,
Lord of thw waters, name-vala A Valar, one of the Aratar,caller ”Lord of the waters”, and”King of the sea”. The name was in-terpreted by the Eldar to mean ”ThePourer” or ”The rainer” and wasadopted and adapted from Valarin.
see also: ulya-Ulmon, Arulmon n. Weekday #2
of the Valian week The secondday of the Valian week, dedicated toUlmo. The word for week is lem-nar.
see also: UlmoUlumuri phr. Great horns of
Ulmo, name-object The greathorns of Ulmo, made of white shelland played by him (Silm) Etymol-ogy remains obscure, but is proba-bly adapted from valarin
ulunde n. flood Taryn - I think this is anoun, could be a verb ”to flood”, but it’sform suggests the noun. It is possiblyrelated to Ulmo and not to ulundo
ulundo n. monster HFs course Taryn- uvanimo for description of diff be-tween this ”monster” and uvanimo
see also: uvanimoulya- v. pour Etymologies aparrently
has an alternative past tense : ulleof slightly different meaning to ul-lane... Taryn - but haven’t yet beentold what that alternative meaing is,
I would guess that this is a transi-tive/intransistive divide (fairly commonin Quenya) - ith my guess being thatull e is the intransitive past tense form
etymology: Etym: ULUrelated: pa.t (intr) : ulle?
um- v (neg). do-not, be-not Morecorectly ”not to be”. This is one ofQuenya’s most irregular verbs, andthe forms are listed below. As anexample, do not get the past tenseform: ume ”did not” mixed up withthe aorist: ume = ”is not”. This formcan also be used to negate a nor-mal verb, using the form of the sameform as the verb you are negating egume linde = ”does not sing”
etymology: UGU/UMUrelated: past tense : ume, fu-
ture tense : uva, 1st pers. aorist:umin/uin
see also: u-umbar n. fate, doom, wyrd,
tengwa #6etymology: MBARAT =
fate/doomrelated: synonyms : maranwe
Umbardacil phr. Umbar-victor,name-masc (Appendix A); theplace-name Umbar is not Quenyanand has no connection to umbar”fate”
see also: dacilUmbarto adj. Fated The mother-
name (never used in narrative) ofTelufinwe = Amras. The ominousname was altered to Ambarto byFeanor. (PM:353-354)
see also: umbarume adj. do not, be not The
rarer, independant form of the word
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152 U
which is generally shortened to um-. Not to be confused with the im-perative form ava ”do not”. Referto this for a fuller description
see also: um-ume adj. is not refer to um- for a
fuller descriptionsee also: um-
umea adj. evil HFs courseundome n. twilight, dusk Twi-
light specifically of the time nearevening, not near dawn (that istindome) this time was often re-ferred to as ”star-opening”
undu preposition?. down From un-dulave = ”down-licked” = cov-ered. Lumbule undulave ilye tier”(heavy) shadow down-licked allpaths”, lyrical translation ”all pathsare drowned deep in shadow”
undulave adj. covered (poetic)Literally it is ”down-licked” and re-ferred to shadows which covered,or drowned paths.
see also: lav-, unduundume n. abyss Markirya [taryn
- seems to be related to undu =”down”]
ungwale n. torture, tormentetymology: NGWAL- = to tor-
mentrelated: v : nwalya-
ungwe n. spider’s web, web,tengwa #8 (Appendix E)
unotime adj. uncountable, num-berless Literally ”is not count-able”. Listed in plural form be-cause ”one uncountable thing” issomewhat of an oxymoron.(Nam,RGEO:66, Appendix E)
see also: ime, not-, umeunquale ?. agony, death Taryn - I fail
to see the difference between this andqualm e
etymology: KWAL- = die in painunque n. hollow, tengwa #16
Refers to ”a hollow”, not the adjec-tive Taryn - which would presumably beof similar form (Appendix E)
untup- v. down-roof, cover prob-ably shortened from: undu- + tup-= ”down-roof”. Taryn - not sure howthis differs from top- . Perhaps given theword ”roof” being utilised stresses thatit is a covering where none was before?However where it is used, in Namarieit seems to be used to hide somethingfrom view - perhaps it could be usedin exchange for ”surrounds all over” oreven ”hides from sight” or even ”ob-scures”? Tolkien used the term ”cover”but as it was in a poem this could havebeen to save rhythm.
see also: tup-,undu-unu prep. under?, upside-down?,
beneath? Taryn - guessed from nu-querna and unuhuin e
see also: nuunuhuine n. under-shadow Taryn
- I presume this refers to the shade un-der trees (LR:47)
see also: huine, unu-unyarima phr. impossible to re-
count This is because all the factsare not known, or the tale is to long(WJ:370) Taryn - this etymology eludesme
uquetima adj. unspeakable, un-pronouncable This word meansthat something is impossible to say
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or put into words Taryn - I pre-sume it does not carry the other mean-ing of ”should not be spoken of” that”unspeakable” also carries in English(WJ:370)
see also: -ima, quet-, umeur- v. heat [taryn - seems also to oc-
caisionally be used as ”red” - refer-ring specifically to the red of flamesor hot metal]
uranar phr. red sun A word occur-ring in FS, translated ”the red sun”
etymology: The prefixed elementur- must have to do with the ele-ment ur- ”heat, be hot” mentionedin the Silmarillion Appendix.
see also: Anar, ureurco, orco n. Orc, monster (arch)
This is an old word used in the loreof the Blessed Realm for anythingthat caused fear to the Elves duringthe March; by the Exiles recognizedas the cognate of Sindarin orch andused to mean ”Orc”. (WJ:390)
related: pl. urquiure n. heat, tengwa #36 (Appendix
E)see also: ur-
Urime, Urime phr. August,month #8 Seems to mean ”hotmonth” (Appendix D, SA:ur-,UT:302)
see also: ureuruloce n. fire-dragon Literally:
”heat dragon”see also: loce, ure
Urundil phr. copper-lover,copper-friend [taryn - seemto literally mean ”heat friend”where heat is also used to mean
”red hot”, thus may have its relationto copper from there...?] (PM:365)
see also: -dil, ur-Utumno phr. name-place, ?-
valley The name of the first greatstronghold of Melkor in the Northof middle-earth, destroyed by theValar (SA:tum) Taryn - not sure of et-ymology, but seems to incorporate aword for valley (which it is)
uva v (f.t.). will not The independantform of the future tense of the nega-tive verb um- not usually used inde-pendantly, but often found in com-pounds of verbs as -uva
see also: um-, uva--uva gram. grammar-verbs-
future-tense Suffix denoting thefuture tense of a verb. For example:hiruva = hir- [find] + -uva [shall] - apure verb simply adds the ending,wheras an a-stem verb drops the abefore adding -uva. Nam
uvanimo n. monster, beast Lit-erally ”not fair” and pretty muchthe opposite of vanimo. Refers to acreature of Melco Taryn - so what dif-fers from this to ulundo ? I would spec-ulate that this is a monster specificallyof evil - whereas ulundo would refer toa ”normal” beast - that is probably nasty,but not specifically evil.
see also: u-, vanimo
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V
va imperative. do not! This isthe standard refusal or prohibition:”I will not!” or ”Do not!”. Thestandard variants obviously being:van, vanye ”I won’t!”, vamme ”wewon’t” (WJ:371)
-va, -wa gram. grammar-possessive-suffix Taryn - needto confirm what exists as currentquenya in Eldalieva, miruvoreva,Oromeva. Pl. -ve when governinga plural word (from archaic -vai)(WJ:407), but it seems that -vawas used throughout in late ExilixQuenya (cf. miruvoreva governingthe plural word yuldar in Namarie)
vahaya, vaihaiya phr. far away(LR:47, SD:247)
see also: haiya?, vai?vaia, waia n. envelope from WAY
related:Vaire phr. The Weaver, name-Valie [taryn - but hwo and what isthe etymology of the name?] (Silm)
vaiwa, waiwa n. wind as in ”toblow”
etymology: from wawa, waiwavala- v. rules, orders, empower,
has power over This word refersto something having power oversomething else. This is generallyused with reference to the Valaronly, is attested only in the sen-
tences a vala Manwe! ”may Manweorder it!” and Valar valuvar ”thewill of the Valar will be done”(WJ:404)
etymology: From BAL → bala =power
Vala n. spirit, god, Power, angel,tengwa #22 Refers to the angelicspirits guarding the world on behalfof its Creator, sometimes referred toas Gods.
etymology: From BAL → bala =power
see also: vala-Valacar phr. Vala-made, god-
made, name-masc (Appendix A)see also: car-, Vala
valaina adj. divine Something that isof, or belongs to the Valar
etymology: From BAL → bala =power
see also: ValaValandil phr. God-friend, Vala-
friend, name-masc (Appendix A,translated in LR:60)
see also: -dil, ValaValandur phr. god-servant, Vala-
servant, name-masc (AppendixA)
Valacirca phr. God-sickle, con-stellation: Big Dipper/GreatBear Loose definition: ”Sickle ofthe Gods”, this is the name for the
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Great Bear/Big Dipper constellationEtym:KIRIK
see also: circa, ValaValandor phr. Vala-land More
properly: ”the land of the Valar”,confused with and replaced byValinore ”the people of the Valar”,short form Valinor (SA:dor, Silm)
see also: -dor, ValaValanya n. weekday #7 The last
and principle day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Valar(Appendix D). Also called Tarion =”high one”?.
see also: ValaValaquenta phr. God’s-word
More descriptively, the words mean”the words god spoke” and moreaccurately refers to the account ofthe Valar. This is presented as thefirst book of the Silmarillion (SA:val-)
see also: quenta, valaValarauco phr. Balrog, power-
demon, Demon of Might Thisis the Quenya name for the ”de-mon of the ancient world”, knownin Sindrain as a Balrog. In thiscase vala- assumes its basic mean-ing = ”power” (WJ:415). Note thatthe plural is Valaraucar (not -or)SA:Valaraucar
etymology: Vala (power) + rauco(demon)
related: pl : valaraucarvalarinwa n. Valarin As belonging
to the valarin - in Lambe Valarinwasee also: Vala
Valaroma phr. Vala-horn Orome’shorn (Silm)
see also: roma, ValaValasse n. divinity That what is the
divinesee also: -sse, Vala
Valatar phr. Vala-king, god-king The title for the 9 chiefvalar: Manwe, Ulmo, Aule, Man-dos, Lorien, Tulcas, Osse, Oromeand Melco. There were also 9 femalechiefs known as the Valatari
see also: tar, ValaValatari n. Vala-queen, god-
queen The title for the 9 femalechief Valar: Varda, Yavanna, Ni-enna, Vana, Vaire, Este, Nessa andUinen. there were alse 9 male chiefsknown as the Valatar
see also: tari, ValaValie n. female Vala (Silm)
see also: -ie, ValaValimar, Valmar phr. Vala-
home A region in Valinor. (Nam,RGEO:67)
see also: -mar, ValaValinore, Valinor Vala-people, Vala-
land. though the word liter-ally refers to the ”people” orthe Valar, this word since wasused frequently to refer to theland in which they dwelt, andto which the Elves left fromcuivienen
etymology: -nor, Vala, Valandorrelated:
valya adj. powerful, divinelymighty Having or controlling di-vine authority or power
etymology: From BAL → bala =power
see also: Vala
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156 V
Vana phr. The beautiful?, name-Valie The wife of Orome and sis-ter to Varda and Yavanna. (Silm,WJ:383)
etymology: From BAN → bana- this is unglossed, but is related tovanya = beautiful
see also: vanyavanda n. oath, pledge, solemn
promise (CO)vanima adj. beautiful, fair
(LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated inLetters:308).
etymology: From BAN → ban-ya- not glossed
see also: vanyaVanimelde phr. beautiful-dear-
one, name-fem (Appendix A)see also: meld-, vanima
Vanimo phr. The beautiful,name-group The children of theValar
see also: vanimavanta- v. walk, ambulate
etymology: From BAN = path-way Taryn - AFAIK BAN leads to suchthings as vanya = ”fair” - I find no rela-tion to ”pathway”
vanta n. walk As in ”a walk” takenby someone
etymology: From BAN = path-way
vanwa adj. gone, lost, vanished,departed, dead, past, over,went away, left refers to some-thing no longer to be had (regard-less of the means with which itbecame unavailable) (WJ:365, Nam,RGEO:67). This word not to beused for someone that has physi-
cally ’gone away’, as that impliesthe ability to come back again, andthis word is only for things that areno longer ever available. For this to-her purpose, use one of the wordsrelated to oante.
related: past tense : vane, prtense : auta-
see also: auta-vanya adj. beautiful, fair, pale
(fair) (FS)etymology: From BAN → ban-ya
- not glossedVanyar phr. The Fair The first clan
of the Eldar (WJ:380, 381)see also: -r vanya
vanya- [wan-] v. go, leave, de-part, disappear, pass
related:vaquet- v. refuse, disallow,forbid A compound verb mean-ing literally: ”to say no”, but notto deny that something is true, butto deny to do or to allow some-thing: ”to say I will not/do not”; ”torefuse”, ”to forbid” (WJ:370, 371)
see also: quet-, va-Varda phr. The Sublime, The
Lofty, name-Valie The name of aValie, the Queen of the Valar, spouseof Manwe, called Elbereth in Sin-darin; WJ:402
etymology: From BARAD = loftyrelated: genitive : Vardo
Vardamir phr. Varda-jewel,name-masc (Appendix A)
see also: mıre, VardaVardarianna phr. Varda-gift?,
name-tree The name of type oftree. The ri element is obscure.
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(UT:167) Taryn - perhaps it is a”spacer” element to preserve euphony?
see also: anna, Vardavarna adj. safe, protected, secure
etymology: From BAR whichmeans something like ”raised” →which became ”lifted to safety”
varnasse n. security The state of be-ing secure, rather than the group ofpeople that provide the security.
etymology: From BAR whichmeans something like ”raised” →which became ”lifted to safety”
see also: varnavarne [varni-] adj. brown, swart
HFs courseetymology: from BARAN =
brownvarya- v. protect
etymology: BARsee also: varna
Vasa phr. The Consumer Anothername of the Sun (MR:130)
ve prep. as, like (Nam, RGEO:66,Markirya)
vende n. maiden, girletymology: From the archaic
wende which thus leads to the end-ing -wen also meaning maiden
see also: -wenvera adj. personal, private, own
Belonging to someone specifically(PM:340)
etymology: Old Quenya weraverca adj. wild Of a violent, sudden
nature. (note also merca from the re-lated MBEREK)
etymology: From BEREKrelated: synonyms : merca,
naracaverno n. husband
etymology: From BES = wed →besno = husband
see also: vessevesse n. wife
etymology: From BES = wed →besse = wife
see also: vernoveru n (dual). married-couple,
man-and-wife uses the dual formetymology: From BES = wed →
besu = husband and wifeVeruen, Arveruen n. Weekday
#3 of the Valian week The mid-dle day of the Valian week, dedi-cated to to the two spouses: Auleand Yavanna. The word for week islemnar.
see also: Aule, veru, Yavannaverya- v. dare To dare to do some-
thing boldetymology: From BER = bold
verya adj. bold, daring, braveetymology: From BER = bold
vesta n. matrimony, marriage Thestate of being married
etymology: From BES = wed →besta = matrimony
see also: vesta-vesta- v. wed To take in marriage
etymology: From BES = wed →besta = matrimony
see also: vestavestale n. wedding
etymology: From BES = wed →besta = matrimony
see also: vestavil- v. fly
etymology: WILvilya n. air, sky, tengwa #24 (Ap-
pendix E)
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158 V
etymology: Older wilyasee also: vil-
vincarna phr. newly-made(MR:408)
see also: vinya, carnavinge, winga n. foam, spray,
spindrift Specifically sea-foam,(blown from waves) but could prob-ably be used in the general sense.(SA:wing, Silm)
Vingelote phr. Foam-flower Thename of Earendil’s ship (SA:loth)
see also: lote, vingevinya, vin- adj. newVinyamar phr. New Dwelling
(Silm) Taryn - lit. new-earthsee also: vinya,mar
Vinyarie phr. Newyear’s DayTaryn - lit. new-day? but day is inflectedto ari e?... (PM:127)
see also: vinya, areVıresse n. April, month #4 Taryn -
etymology uncertain (Appendix D)vor- [voron-] v. promise, give-
oath, ally To make an oath tosomeone - to make an enduringpledge. Don’t get the shorter suffix-form confused with the pure vor-(taken directly from BOR) aka voro.
etymology: From BORON- = en-dure→ boron = steadfast
vorima adj. continual, repeatedlyHas a feeling of continual repitition
etymology: from BOR = enduresee also: voro
vorima adj. faithful, loyal, oath-keeping More specifically: ”stead-fast in allegiance, in keeping oath orpromise” Cirion’s Oath Taryn - Whatis the semantic difference between this
as voronda ?etymology: From BORON- = en-
dure→ boron = steadfastsee also: vor-
voro, vor- prep. ever, continuallyThis word can contain a repetitiousconnotation, but is more known forit’s quality of endurance. Don’t getit confused with the identical: vor-= the shortened form of the modernQuenya stem: voron-
etymology: From BOR = endurevorogandale phr. repeating con-
tinually Literally means: ”harpingon a single tune”
see also: ganda?, le, vorovoronda adj. steadfast (in
allegiance), keepingoath/promise, faithful used asa title of Elendil Voronda Cirion’sOath
see also: vor-Vorondil phr. Faithful friend,
masculine name (Appendix A)see also: -dil, vor- (voron-)
voronwa adj. enduring, long-lasting
etymology: From BOR = endure+ -wa
see also: voro, -wavoronwe n. steadfastness, loy-
alty, faithfulness COetymology: From BORON = ever
enduring→ boron = steadfastsee also: vor- (voron-)
Voronwe phr. Loyalty, Faithful-ness, masculine name (PM:340)
see also: vor- (voron-), -wevoronwie n. endurance, lasting-
quality
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etymology: From BOR = enduresee also: voro
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W
-wa gram. possessivesee also: -va
-we gram. person, grammar-masculineending, grammar-neutralgenderending A suffixoccurring in many personal names,generally but not exclusively mas-culine; derived from a stem simplymeaning ”person” (PM:340, WJ:399)Refer talso to -wen which is the fem-inine form of this ending
see also: -wen-wen n. maiden This suffix is fre-
quently used in feminine names likeEarwen = ”Sea-maiden” (SA:wen)Obviously strongly related tovende = ’maiden” and the mascu-line/neutral ending: -we, but alsoshows its origins in being related towen = ”freshness”/”youth”
etymology: GWEN = fresh andyoung
related: independant : vendesee also: vende, -we, wen
wen n. freshness, youth, green-ness Related strongly to wenya,this refers to youth and newness byrelating it to fresh, new growth. itis also directly related to the suffix-wen = ”maiden”
etymology: GWEN- = green andfresh
related: adj : wenya
wenya adj. light-green, yellow-green, fresh Fresh as a new leaf.green like new growth
etymology: GWEN- = green andfresh
related: n : wenwil- v. flit, flutter Taryn - guessed
from wilwawilwa adj. vague, fluttering Lit-
erally refers to something flutteringto and fro in a vague, or haphazardway. Markirya
wilwarin n. butterfly Literally”fluttering one” (Markirya)
see also: wilwaWilwarin phr. The butterfly,
name-constellation The name ofa constellation, tentatively identi-fied as Cassiopeia. (Silm)
see also: wilwarinwinge n. spray, spindrift
PM:371,376winta- v. scatter, blow about Prob-
ably refers to blowing about in ahaphazard manner (as it appears re-lated to wil-) (PM:376)
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Y
ya pron (relative). which, what Al-ways referring back to a noun egyasse carne = ”in which he did”
see also: yasse-ya gram?. from-somewhere?
Refers to something that belongsto or comes from somewhere,eg Amanyar means ”those fromAman” Taryn - admittedly my descrip-tion here is shaky... I hope to clean itup sometime when I get a more formaldefinition
yaime n. wailing ie ”the wailingof the wind”... this is a regularword, so adj = yaimea ”wailing”, pl.yaimie Markirya
yal- v. call From enyal- ”to recall”Taryn - is this so specific to the Englishgloss for ”recall” or does it have a moreaccurate description eg, in Engish, itis ”to remember” (commit to memory)and ”to recall” (from memory) (Noteson CO, UT:317)
yallume interjection?. at last [taryn- not sure if this is the interjection”At last!” or to mean something like”when it coes to the last” - thereseems to also be an interesting lit-eral translation as the word useslume = ”the hour”] (FS)
yalme n. clamour NGYAL- = to talkloudly or incoherantly
related:
yanta n. bridge, tengwa #35(Appendix E)
yara adj. old HFs courseyarra- v. growl, snarl Markiryayasse phr. in which Referring back
to a noun. (Nam, RGEO:66)see also: ya
Yavanna phr. Fruit-giver, name-Valie
see also: anna, yaveYavannie n. September, month
#9 (Appendix D)see also: yave
Yavannildi phr. Yavanna-followers ”The Followers ofYavanna”, Elvish women whoknew and kept the secret of themaking of coimas (PM:404)
see also: Yavannayavannamıre phr. Yavanna-
jewel, name-tree The name of atree with globed and scarlet fruits(UT:167) Taryn - apples?
see also: mıre, Yavannayave n. fruityavie n. autumn, fruiting,
havrest In the calendar of Imladrisa precisely defined period of 54days, but also used without anyexact definition (Appendix D)
see also: yaveyaviere phr. Autumn-day A day
outside the months in the Stew-
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ard’s Reckoning, inserted betweenYavannie and Narquelie (Septem-ber and October) (Appendix D)
see also: are, yavieye interjection. yeah! Untranslated in-
terjection in Aragorn’s exclamationwhen he found the sapling of theWhite Tree: ”yeah!”. Compare withthe similar word yello listed in Ety-mologies.
etymology: ?possibly: GEL- →refers to joy, triumph and merrynoises
see also: yelloyello, ello interjection. yay!,
triumphal-shout This is usedas a ”wordless” shout of triumphor jubilation. Also as a joyful call.Contrast with ye the shout of dis-covery that Aragorn made upnonfinding the white tree’s sapling,which seems to be a contractedform of this word.
etymology: GYEL-/GEL- -whose meaning is not listed, butis probably more in line with theSindarin words listed thereafter -referring to triumph, jubilation andmerry noise
see also: yeyelma n. loathing
etymology: From DYEL = to feelfear or disgust
see also: yelwayelta- v. loathe
etymology: DYEL = feelfear/disgust
yelwa adj. loathesome To be the ob-ject of disgust andd hatred
etymology: From DYEL = feel
fear/dsgustsee also: yelma
yen n. long-year, century (144yr)Elvish ”long year” of 144 solaryears, 52,596 days (Nam, AppendixD, E)
etymology: Etym YEN becameyeni
Yenonotie phr. reckoning ofyears (MR:51) Taryn - the internal ”o”looks like it might be there just for eu-phony
see also: not-, yenyerna adj. old, worn-out, worn,
decrepit Used only of things, thisrefers to a thing that has passed it’sviable days. So far I haven’t anequivalent Quenyan word for peo-ple except in Noldorin, in which theword is ingem = ”year-sick” Taryn -I’d like this word translated into Quenya- possibly ”yenenqwa” - though thisseems too cumbersome, posisbly just”yengwa” There is also linyenwa= ”year-ful” which refers to some-one that has been around for manyyears - but has nothing to do withtheir level of decrepitude. this ismore often employed for talkingabout elves and other ”immortal”races.
etymology: GYER- = old, worn,decrepit
related: v : yeryasee also: linyenwa
yerya- v. wear-out For an object, theevent of becoming worn and unus-able
etymology: GYER- = old, wornrelated: adj : yerna
yestare phr. first-day The first day of
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the year. In the calendar of Imladrisit falls immediately before tuile, inthe calendar of Numenor, it falls asfor the calendar of men (Appendix D)
see also: are, yest?yomenie n. meeting, gather-
ing Refer to a meeting of three ormore coming from different direc-tions (WJ:407) Taryn - could it also re-fer to things as to people? eg for acrossroads? and does the reference to”three” imply a dual form for a meetingof two?
yulda n. draught (drink) as in adraught of mead (Nam, RGEO:66)
yulma n. cup, drinking-vessel,mug? Nam
yulme n. drinking, carousal(WJ:416)
yuyo adj. both
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English-Quenya Index
Aabhor feuya-abide by himya-abundant alyaaccounting (n) quentaleactor tyaroadhere himya-aelfwine Quendilaffix panya-agape faucaage
an age of earth randaagent tyaroagile tyelcaagony qualme, unqualeAh! aialas naiAlas! aialone erangel AinuAnimals
bird aiweelephant andamundarat nyanowolf narmo
are nararm rancoaround
go-around pel-arrow pilinassemble hosta-assembly hostaAtmosphere
lower AiwenorAutumn Narquelieaway-from ho-
Bbackwards nan-
bankriver-bank rava
batter palpa-be it thus abeach falassebeat namba-, palpa-beech feren
beech nuts fernabeech-like ferinya
beget onta-begetter ontarobehold! esbeing natbell nyellebelow (adv) nunbent raica
into a hook rempabig alat-bind nut-bird aiwe
small bird filitbird friend AiwendilBird land Aiwenorbird lover AiwendilBirds
King-fisher halatirswallow tuilindo
bite nac-bite (n) nahtablessed almarea
with good fortune herenyaBlessed place AlmarenBlessed Realm Amanblessedness almarebliss almieBody
arm rancolip pesole of foot tallunewing rama
bolster nirwa
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bond nutebook parma
book-language parmalambeBooks Ainulindaleborder renabosom palurebound nautabow
weapon quingabranch olwabreak (v)
take a hauta-brilliance alcare, rilyabrook nellebrother onorobuilding
wooden building ampanoburly poldabut nan
Ccalculate not-cast-out (adj) etyacast-out (v) etya-catch (v) atsa-cause tyar-cave felya, rondocease pusta-
temporarily hauta-central endyacentre endeCeremonies
name-choosing Essecilmename-making Essecarme
change(v) ahya-chase roita-chaser ronyocheif (adj) herachill ringa
white ninquecircle rinde
circular rindacity osto
walled city/villiage opeleclamour yalmeclan nosseclaw (v) atsa-clean poicacleave rista-cleave by himya-cold (adj) ringacold (n) ringecollect hosta-Colours
blue (pale) helwaFiery-red narwalight-green wenyaRed
Fiery narwaRuddy roinasilver telperinsky-blue helwawhite (as snow) ninqueyellow-green wenya
comeforth ettul-out of ettul-
comprehend hanya-comprehension handecompute not-conception noaconsonant
stopped-consonant puntaConstellations
Alt NamesValacirca Otselen
contrive auta-copper-coloured airacore endecorpse queletcoruscation russecount onot-
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courage huorecreate onta-creature onnacrooked raicacrowd hosta, rimbecruel nwalcacushion nirwacustom haimacut rista-cut (n) ristacycle randa
Ddark
obscured nulladawn amaureadead qualin
natural causes firinDeath Nuru
natural death fairedeath nuru
painful qualmedecrepit yernadeep nurademon raucodesert erumedevise auta-dew rossedextrous formaitedie fir-
painfully qual-, unqualedike ravadire aicaDirections
East RomenLeft hyaryaNorth Formenright foryaSouth hyarmenSouth East hyarrosSouth West hyarnus
West numendisgust
feel disgust at feuya-distant haira, palandistant (adv) haiyado tyar-doer tyarodog huodomain nore, Ardadoom
fate umbardragon
fire uruloceserpetine angulocespark fealocewinged ramaloce
dread aista, ossedream olordream (v) olsa-dreamer Olorindry parcadusky
obscured nullaDwarf
Dwarvish race Naucaliedwarf naucodwelling-place nore
EEarth AmbarEarth (the) ArdaEast ronaeast RomenEastern Romenyaedge renaElbereth ElentariElements
Water nenelephant andamundaelf quende
female quendi
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male quenduelflock fasseElm alalmeelven-home ElendeElves Quendi
(arch) Quendyaelvish Quenderinelvish language quenyaembankment ravaenclosure pandaend tyelend (v)
subject tyel-ending
been made to end tyelmaendless oialeenough farea
to be enough farya-eternal oiraevening anduneever oieverlasting oiaexile (v) etya-exiled etyaExiled Noldor Etyangoldiexpand palya-expansive pallaexpire fir-extend
extend wide palya-extensive palaneye hen
Ffade quel-
to die/fade away fir-fading (adj) quelieFading (n) quellefamily nossefar haira, palanfar (adv) haiya
Far-seer palantirfate heren, umbarfathom rangwefear aistafeather quessefeather-series quessetemaFell fire Aicanarofell(adj) aicafiery narwafinal tyelimafire narefire-dragon urulocefish (small) halaFish-watcher halatirfist quarefix
fix in place panya-flagstone ambalflame nareflash
sparkle as of metal russeflinging rimpaflour poreflourish
wave something about rinceflying
rushing rimpafoam fallefollow hilya-follower hilde, neurofootprint runyaforbid avaquet-fort artafortress arta, ostofortunate herenyafortune herenfortune (good) almafragile
slender nindefrequent rimbafresh wenya
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freshness wenfriend nildefriendly nildafriendship nilmefrom ho-full quantafull-stop pusta
GGandalf Oloringather hosta-gathering hostagerm (of seed) erdegiant (n) norsaglass hyelleglittering (n) rilyaglorious alcarinquaglory alcareglow faina-God Erugood-health alyagood? Amariegoods armargovernance herengoverness herigoverning heragovernor herugrammar
exclaimation of triumph elloexclaimation of triumph or
jubilation yelloindicative es
grasslandwater-mead nanda
Great sea Alatairegreat-size
physical altagreen (arch) ezellagreen (light) wenyagreenness wenGreetings! aiya
grey hiswaGroup
Elves AmanyarGroups
Alt NamesTeleri Falanyel
Exiled-Noldor EtyangoldiGnomes NoldorMortals FiryarValaya Ainu
Hhabit haimaHail! aiyahair
tangled lock fassehall
vaulted hall rondowooden hall ampano
halt pusta-halve perya-halved? perinahammer nambahammer (v) namba-hand
at hand anclosed quare
harbour hopaharbourage hopasseharsh naracahaste ormehasty orna, tyelcahave arwa, harya-haven hopaheart honheavens Elenardaheight (n) ortoheir aryon, hildeheir (male) haryonHill Andolathill
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knoll nolaround head nola
hillside ambanhistory
a quentalehole assaHolidays Enderi
Tree-week AldalemnarHolly ercasseholy ainaholy-one Ainuhook ampahook (v) atsa-hooked rempahorn rasse
horn-blast romaMusical instrument romba
horseswift riding horse rocco
host rimbemany people hosta
hound huanchaser ronyo
houseclan nosse
however a-nanta, nanhowl naulehuman firyahunt raime
II niice helceice-cold helcaicy helcaidea noaif anybody aiquenill engwaimagination nauseimpulse horeimpulsion horea
in miInstruments
horn/trumpet rombaintellect handeleintelligence handasseintelligent handainvent auta-invention auleis na
JJagged ice-teeth Helcaraxejaw anca, nangwajerk rihta-joy alassejuice piryaJupiter Alcarinque
Kkin nosseking haranKings
Atanatar II of Gondor Alcarinknoll nolaknot nuteknow about hanya-knowledge hande
Llace nat-lady herilake ailin
cold lake ringelament naina-lament (n) naireLament for the Two Trees Aldudenieland norelanguage quetil
book-language parmalambelarge altaleft hyarya
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left-handed hyarmaiteLengths
fathom rangwepace ranga
lightglittering light rilmaradiate light faina-
light-beam alcalip pelonely eressealook there! eslord heruloud noise romaloving nildaLucky Herendil
Mmagic
magic skill ngolfineMaiar Osse
Gandalf OlorinWater-weed? Uinen
maleanimal or sentient hanu
male (adj) hanwaMan Hildiman
any male hanumany rimbamar hasta-margin renamaster herumay it be ameaadow nandamead
water-mead nandameal
ground grain poremerriment alassemetal rautamid-year Endien
middle (adj) enyamiddle (n) endemiddle-days Enderimiddle-earth Endormistress herimonster ulundo
demon raucoMonths
June (star-summer) EllaireOctober Narquelie
Moon Ranamortal
mortal man firemortals Engwarmound hahtamountain oron
horn-shaped rassemountain-top orto
mouth assaopen-mouthed fauca
movesudden move rihta-
multitude rimbeMusic of the Ainur Ainulindale
Nname (n) essename (v) estaname-choosing Essecilmename-essay Essecentaname-making EssecarmeNames
Elvish-group AlamanyarFem Firiel, TelperienMasc Finwe, Hyarmendacil,
Nambarauto–Palantir,Tyelperion
Star-queen ElentariTrees Telperion
Names-fem Altariel, GaladrielNames-Masc Aicanaro
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Names-masc AmandilNames-unknown-gender Aiwendilnarrator quentaronasal nengweanet natsenight
deep shadow fui, huinimble finyanine nertenoise
loud noise romaNorth Formennose nengweNot of Aman Alamanyarnumber noteNumbers
3 nelde7 otso9 nerte
numerous rimbanuts
beech-mast fernanymph falmarin
OO! aObjects ambalotse
seeing-stones palantirobliged nautaobscure nuldaOccident numenOctober Narquelieodour holmeoh! aiold
things only yernaone erOne (the) Eruopen pantaopen (v) panta-
open wide palya-
opening assaorc orcooriginate auta-out-of etoutflow etsirover there enown arwa, harya-
Ppain
biting pain naicepainful naiceleapale helwa
snow-white ninqueparched faucaparent ontaroparents ontanipass
n acsapath
narrow acsapause (v) pusta-peak
mountain aicassen aicale
PeoplesAlt Names
Teleri Solonyeldidwarf naucoDwarves Naucaliegiant norsaGnome noldoOrc orco
perforation assaperson
essential nature erdepiercing aicapile hahtapillow quessetpivot pel-pivot (n) peltas
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Places Angamanda, OndolindeAtlantic ocean AlataireBlessed place AlmarenBlessed realm AmanDesert ErumanEarth AmbarElvenhome ElendeEverlasting-snow OiolosseEverlasting-voids OiocumiGrinding Ice HelcaraxeHigh White Horn TaniquetilMan’s beginning place
HildorienSouth-watch (mtn) HyarmentirSouthEast-lands HyarrostarSouthWest-lands HyarnustarSwan-haven AlqualondeThe World Ambartree-night AldalomeTwo Trees Alduupper-heavens ElenardaWest-land (Numenore) Andunie
PlanetsJupiter Alcarinque
Plantssnowdrop nieninque
plenitude farepoint
n aicalepointed aicapond nendepool ailin, nende
cold pool ringepossess arwa, harya-possession harmaprick nasta-prick (v) ercaprickle ercaprickliness ercasseprince haryonprincipal (adj) hera
printfootprint runya
prosperous alyapure poicapursue roita-
Rradiance alata, faireradiant garlanded maiden Altariel,Galadrielradiate faina-rage
n aharain
dew rosserainbow helyanweraise orta-rat nyanoravine acsaray of light alcarealm Ardareckon not-red aira
ruddy roinarefuse avaquet-region nore, Ardarelate nyar-remote hairarend narc-rending (n) naracarepose esterest este, hauta-return pel-revolve pel-rich alya
fortunate herenyaright foryaright-handed formaiterise orta-river
mouth etsir
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roofvaulted/arched rondo
ruddy aira, roinaruling herarushing rimparushing (adj) alarcarustle esce
Ssaga nyarnasanctity airesay quet-scatter rer-sea-spirit falmarinSeasons
Autumn quelle, Narqueliesecond neunasecret nuldaseed erdesend flying horta-Senses
taste tyaveserpentine-dragon anguloceset
go down nuta-set in place panya-
seven otsoshadow
deep shadow fuine, huineshake
quick shake/flourish rincesharp aicaSharp flame Aicanaroshine faina-
shine snow-white ninquita-Ships
Sea-wing Earrameshore falassesickly engwasickness quamesilver telpe
silver (adj) telpesilver-flame Telemnarsilvery telperinsinger nyellosingle eryasink nuta-sister ononesit ham-skill finde
magic skill ngolfineskilled finyasky hellesky-blue helwaslender nindeslope (n) ambanslot runyasmooth-out pasta-snow nique, olossnowdrop nieninquesoldier ohtarsole
adj eryaof foot tallune
solitude eresseSouth hyarmensow rer-spark-dragon fealocesparkle
as of metal russespeak quet-spear
n ehtev ehte
spearman ehtarspeech quenyaspeed (v)
on it’s way horta-spike nassespine ercaspirit
sea-spirit falmarin
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spit piutasplendour alcarespread palya-spread-out panta-spring
water-source ehtelestar el-Star-summer Ellairesteep
adj aiquastench holmestick (v) himya-sting nasta-stone
as a material ondostop pusta-stop (n) pustastory nyare, quentastoryteller quentarostray (v) ranya-straying ranestrife ohtastrong poldastronghold ostosuccessor neurosudden
sudden move rihta-suffice farya-sufficiency faresufficient fareaSun Anarsunrise anaroresunset andunesurf
breaking surf falassesurface palmeswallow
bird tuilindoswan alquaSwan-haven Alqualondeswift tyelca
syrup pirya
Ttake-break hauta-tale nyarna, quentatangle fasta-
tangled lock of hair fassetaste tyav-
sense of tyavetear narc-tear (n) nietell nyar-, quet-Tengwa
11 (arch) harma33 (south) hyarmen4 (feather) quesse1 aha14 ampa26 Arda28 alda
tengwa31 esse
Tengwar#10 (f) Formen#15 (nc) anca#17 (n) numen#19 (n) noldo#2 (p) parma#20 (nw) nwalme#25 (r) Romen#6 (mb) umbarSeries
P (book) parmatemaQu (feather)
quessetemaT (silver) tyelpetema
terrible aicaterror osseThe Glorious AlcarinqueThe Holy AinuThe Sickly Engwar
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The World Ambarthin nindething natthirsty faucathither entathorn nassethree neldethreshold fendatie nut-tied nautaTitle
King of Lights Tar-CalionLord of the West Herunumen
TitlesElf-friend Quendil
to an, natooth nelettorment (n) nwalme, ungwaletorment (v) nwalya-torture ungwaletorture (v) nwalya-toungue
language quetiltowards anatreasure harwetreasury harwetree alda, ornetree-night Aldalometree-pair Aldutree-son AldarionTrees
beech ferenElm alalmeholly ercasseWhite Tree SilmerosseWhite Tree of Valinor Telperion
trumpet rombaloud noise roma
turnpivot pel-
twitch rihta-
Two Trees Aldu
Uunder (prep) nuunderneath (adv) nununderstand hanya-understanding handeunderstanding (adj) handaunfurl panta-untamed ravaunwise alasailaup am-uphill ambapendauprising (adv) ambauprising flower ambalotseupslope ambapendaupward (adv) ambaupward-sloping ambapendeurge on horta-urgency horme
VValar Fionwe
Alt NamesLorien OlofanturMandos Nuru
Invention AuleOrome AldaronRepose EsteSurnames
Yavanna PalurienWeeper? NiennaYouth Nessa
Varda Elentariviolence ormeviolent naracavision olorvisionary Olorin?
Wwall ramba
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walled-city opelewander ranya-wandering rane, Ranawane quel-waning (adj) queliewar ohtawarrior ohtarwater nenwatery nendawave
crested wave falmawayward Ranaweal almawealth almawealthy alya
fortunate herenyaWeapons
arrow pilinbow quinga
wear-out yerya-weave nat-web natseWeekday
4 AlduyaNumenor
4 AldeaValian
1 Armanwen2 Arulmon, Ulmon3 Arveruen4 Arfanturion, Fanturion5 Nessaron
west numenwet nendawhite ninqueWhite Tree Silmerossewhiten ninquita-whiteness ninquissewhoever aiquenwide palanwild rava
wing ramawinged-dragon ramalocewise
wise one noldowith arwawither quel-within miwolf narmowood
rough cut rundashaped panowooden building ampano
word quettaworn-out yernawrath aha, ormewrong raicawyrd umbar
Yyay! ello, yelloyeah! yelloyellow-green wenyayes tancaveyet
and yet a-nantabut yet a-nanta
yonder entayoung nessayouth nese, wenyouthful nessima