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ICT 10 Quarter 2 – Week 6

Lesson 06: OPERATING SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS

Introduction What I Need to know

In the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to: • Explain the importance of OS in a Computer • Classify operating system according to their function. • Determine the different operations involved when installing operating system. • Recognize the importance of Configuring Windows 10.

What is New

LEARNING TASK 1. Answer the following question below. 1. What is Operating System _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Will a computer work without an operating system? Why or Why not? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Development What I know

LEARNING TASK 2: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following is an open-source operating system? a. Windows b. MAC OS c. Red Hat d. VX Works 2. It refers to the act of dividing a hard disk drive into multiple logical storage units. It treats one physical disk drive as if it is multiple disks a. Disk Halfling b. Disk Partitioning c. Disk Utility d. New Partitioning 3. It a powerful program that manages hardware resources and other software on a computer. a. Application Software b. Operating System c. Driver d. Anti-virus program

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4. When this option is selected it will replace the current version of Windows 10 while keeping the files, settings, and other program in place on the computer. a. Custom b. Set-up c. Installing d. upgrade 5. Which of the following key is used to save and exit the BIOS setup. a. F10 b. Esc c. Del d. F11 What is In

LEARNING TASK 3: Identify the following sentences. _____1. What type of cable we connect in Network Port?

_____2. It surge protector that prevents the system from being damaged if a power spike is delivered.

_____3. It allows the computer to perform certain functions in order to facilitate loading of the operating system.

_____4. A type of cable we connect to the monitor and video card. _____5. What old cable of mouse and Keyboard? What is it

Operating system Fundamentals The Operating System In a computer, operating system, often abbreviated as OS, is a powerful program that manages hardware resources and other software on a computer. It is considered as the most important program in the computer since it turns the computer from an expense into a powerful device.

Classification of Operating System Operating system can be classified as:

1. Multiuser allows one or more user to use the system at the same time. 2. Multiprocessing supports the execution of multiple process in one cpu 3. Multitasking allows a user to execute more than one program at the same time through a single CPU. 4. Multithreading allows different parts of a program to run concurrently. 5. Real-time is designed to run the program at a scheduled time.

OS Manufacturers and Versions

There is more than one system available in the market and so the manufacturers. Below are the examples of the most popular operating system and manufacturers in the market.

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1. Windows by Microsoft Corporation Windows is a series of operating system for personal computers that was developed by Microsoft Corporation. It runs to almost 90% of the computers in the entire world. It offers a graphical user interface (GUI), a virtual memory management and multitasking functionalities.

2. MAC OS X by Apple, Inc.

MAC OS X is a line of Apple operating system management that offers a graphical user interface in every Macintosh computer system. Mac OS X provides a 3-D desktop appearance for the user and offer the ability to play QuickTime movies in icon size.

3. Red Hat Enterprise Linux of Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat is an open-source operating system designed specifically for businesses. The code of the software is available for anyone and developers are free to improve the software. It works on desktops, on servers and in hypervisors or in cloud.

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4. SUSE Enterprise Linux by Novel, Inc. SUSE, Linux Enterprises is a Linux Based operating system used for servers and desktops and was developed by SUSRE. It is an interoperable platform that is vital to the operation of an organization. It is commonly used in day to day business routines.

5. Ubuntu by Canocical Ltd. Ubuntu is an open-source operating system based on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. It is sponsored by the UK-based company Canonical Ltd., owned by south African entrepreneur Marck Shutteworth. It is suitable for both desktop and server use. Ubuntu means “humanity to others” in African Zulu language.

6. QNX by QNX software System QNX is a Unix-like operating system originally developed for embedded systems. It is a microkernel-based operating system which breaks down various components of OS into small programs called servers. QNX was developed by Gordon Bell and Dan Dodge which was later acquired by Blackberry.

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7. VxWorks by Wind River Systems, Inc.

VxWorks is a commercial real-time operating system intended for embedded devices. This operating system widely used in defense, aerospace, robotics, energy, etc. VxWorks and Unix are similar, however, VxWorks uses less processing power than UNIX and runs faster because content is saved on a minimal basis. VxWorks is developed by Wind River.

Installing the Operating System

When installing Windows, the user is prompted to choose between two options on how it can be installed; the upgrade and custom.

a. Upgrade – When this option is selected it will replace the current version of Windows 10 while keeping the files, settings, and other program in place on the computer.

b. Custom – This option will replace the current version of Windows 10 and erase everything on the computer. This type of installation is sometimes referred to as clean installation.

The installation process for Windows 10 takes up to 15 to 30 minutes depending on how fast the computer is.

Setting the BIOS

BIOS is an electronic set of instructions that a computer uses to test the hardware to completer the system startup. It can be found on a chip of the motherboard and is designed to be protected from disk failure. It contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and number of miscellaneous functions. Before installing the new operating system, the computer needs to be configured first. This can be done by inserting a bootable device on a computer, then accessed the BIOS Setup utility screen. The BIOS can be accessed by pressing F11, F10 or DELETE keys – depending on the BIOS manufacturer, while the computer is still booting. To do this.

1. Insert a bootable media device on the computer and power on the computer. 2. Press the Esc, F10, F11, F2 and Del key on the keyboard repeatedly until the BIOS Setup screen appears. If

nothing happens, on the keyboard, press F1 key repeatedly.

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3. Move the cursor using the arrow keys, and hit on the boot tab. Under the boot tab select the options that the computer will use to the boot the system.

Note: The BIOS screen may vary depending on the specifications of the computer.

4. Press F10 to save and exit the BIOS setup. The computer will restart and is now ready to install Windows 10

on the computer. 5. When the message “Press any key to continue” appear, press any key on the keyboard immediately.

Windows 10 Installation

Windows 10 has become the most popular system for laptops and desktop all over the globe. To install Windows 10 on the computer, choose either to upgrade the operating system, from Windows 7 or 8, installing the operating system from scratch or simply reinstalling the software. A clean installation of Windows 10 is the best way to start with when the device is a having performance issues, It can help to quickly get rid of errors, viruses and other type of malware, and fix system corruption.

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To do this:

1. Start the installation by inserting a bootable device or media on the computer. 2. On the Windows Setup screen, select a language, time and currency format, and keyboard layout then

click the Next to continue.

3. Click the install now, button and wait for a few seconds for the setup to start.

4. When the Activate Windows screen appears, enter a genuine product key then click Next. However, if reinstalling Windows 10, click the “I don’t have the product key” link to continue. Windows will automatically activate operating system with digital license associated with the computer’s hardware on Microsoft servers once it is installed.

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5. After entering a valid product key, select the edition of Windows 10 (if applicable). This selection must match

with the edition of the product key then click Next.

6. Read the EULA or End User License Agreement and check the “ I accept the license terms” option and click the Accept button.

7. In the next window click Custom to perform a clean installation and remove everything on the computer. (if upgrading an existing installation, click Upgrade)

8. Next highlight or choose the disk partition where to install the copy of Windows 10 then click the Next Button.

If there is more than one partition on the drive, delete the other partition by clicking on Drive options (advanced) on the bottom right corner of the field. Make sure the partition is highlighted and click on Delete.

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Note: Deleting the partitions will erase all data on the system. Be sure to have a backup of the important files before doing this.

If planning to install a dual boot operating system is a good to decide how much hard drive space will be allocated for each system. In order to create a partition on a hard disk, there must be an unallocated or empty space on the hard disk or free space within an extended partition on the hard disk. Partitioning or disk partitioning refers to the act of dividing a hard disk drive in to multiple logical storage units. It treats one physical disk drive as if it is multiple disks. To create a partition, select the drive and click on the New button. Make sure to allocate a minimum of 20 GB or create a partition of more size depending on the space on hard drive. Click Apply to complete the process.

9. After selecting a partition for windows the Installing Windows dialog box will appear. This process takes

approximately 10 minutes until the system reboot. While installing the windows, do not press any keys during the boot up process or else installation will be interrupted.

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10. Once the installation is completed, a blue color screen will appear. Here click on the Use Custom Setting button to go with default settings or click on Customize button to customize the settings. For the purpose of this activity, click User Express setting.

Notice the little icon in the left bottom corner of the screen? Click on it to access an accessibility menu to turn on things like a narrator or increase the screen contrast.

11. Now, type a name and password to create the account then click Next.

12. Keep following the instruction as mentioned on the screen and few seconds Windows 10 home screen will appear.

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Configuring Windows 10 Now that the Windows 10 system is completely installed, next in line is to configure the operating system and its components. A newly formatted PC does not have all the software needed by the user. So, it is important to know how to setup all the necessary software needed by the user. So, it is important to know how to setup all the necessary software for the computer to work properly.

Updating Windows 10 Windows Update is used to install new improvement settings on the computer if there is available. Microsoft first goes online, then scans the system for available updates and then installs the update. To update windows 10 On the start button, select Settings and click Update and Security. The Windows Update will appear on the side of the dialog box.

Computer Device Drivers Drivers are small software programs that help the operating system use or drive the device. In today’s computer the plug and play (PnP) makes the process easier.

Monitor Driver Installation 1. Right-click on Windows buttons and select Control Panel. 2. Choose System and Security option

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3. When the system and Security window appear, click System. 4. On the left side of the window, click on the Device Manager option to view the full list of hardware in

the PC.

5. Lastly, click Monitor to see a list of generic monitors. Windows can recognize if it is a Plug and Play monitor, but it does not list the exact model.

Dealing with Driver Problem

Problem arises when the hardware does not have the correct driver installed on the computer. If a problem occurs, see if there is a CD or disk that come along with the device or look for the manufacturer’s website and download the drivers. Most manufacturers have free drivers for their products online.

Missing Device Drivers User will know if the device is working properly when the message “this device is working properly” appear on the device status otherwise the device is more likely to have of these situations.

1. The device doesn’t appear on the list. It means that the device is not properly installed, defective, or it is not a PnP compatible, or the BIOS is not PnP compatible.

2. The device appears in the unknown category with a question mark on its icon. It means that the user need to run setup that comes along with the device to have a complete installation of the driver.

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3. The device has an X on its icon - it means that the device has been disabled and the user need to re-enable it.

4. The device has an exclamation point in its icon – it means that the device has a problem or conflict with other devices.

To do this: 1. Double click on the device. Under the General tab, look for the Device Status. 2. On the Device Status, the user will see a message about the device

Updating Device Drivers. Different hardware manufacturer periodically release new updated versions of their drivers for different operating systems. They release new updates to introduce new features or fix bug problems exist in the previous versions. The user may update their device by going to the manufacturer’s website and download the updated file. The updated file can be in the form of:

• An executable installation file with a .EXE extension • An executable self-extracting zip file with a .EXE extension • A zip file that need unzipping containing the file needed to run a setup utility • A zip file containing bare files that require manual installation

To update a device

1. Access the Device Manager, and the select the device that need to be updated. 2. Double click or right-click the device to open the device properties 3. Click on Update Driver button. The Hardware Update Wizard will guide the user in updating the device.

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Getting a New Driver

1. First, identify the model of the specific hardware. The information is important so that the user can get the correct driver needed.

2. Go to the website of the hardware manufacturer. Almost all hardware manufacturers in the world have a website that offers support which includes driver downloads, manuals, troubleshooting and others.

3. If the user is already on the website, locate the download area. Choose the specific driver for the hardware. Make sure that the file is compatible with the current operating system.

4. Download and save the driver on the computer. 5. Once the download is finished, extract the file. Bear in mind that different drivers have different instructions

on how to install. So, read and follow the instruction thoroughly to avoid error. 6. Lastly, when the installation is complete update the driver in the Device Manager.

Engagement What is more

LEARNING TASK 4: Arrange the following Installation of Windows 10 A-First Step E-Last Step _____1. Click the install now, button and wait for a few seconds for the setup to start. _____2. Next highlight or choose the disk partition where to install the copy of Windows 10 then click the Next Button. _____3. Start the installation by inserting a bootable device or media on the computer. _____4. Keep following the instruction as mentioned on the screen and few seconds Windows 10 home screen will appear. _____5. Enter a genuine product key then click Next

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Assimilation What I have Learned

LEARNING TASK 5: Choose the best answer. 1.Donna wants to remove all her files in her computer to improve its performance. Which of the following setup in installing an OS she must choose?

a. Upgrade b. Disk change c. Custom d. boot up

2. Which of the OS runs to almost 90% of the computer?

a. Red Hat b. MAC OS c. Suse d. Windows

3. What is the meaning of EULA?

a. End User License Agreement b. Enjoyer User License Agreement c. End User Licensing Accordance d. Edge User License Agreement

4. Rona wants to update her Windows 10, which of the following choices she need to click , after clicking the setting?

a. Personalization b. Update and security c. Network and Internet d. User Accounts

5. It is an option to view the full list of hardware in the PC.

a. Settings b. Clock, language c. Appearance and Personalization d. Device Manager

6. What type of media you need to insert before starting an installation?

a. Plug in and Play CD or Flash Drive b. Formatted Flash drive c. Bootable CD /Flash drive d. Hard disk drive

7. Rina will divide her hard disk drive into three equal parts. What process she’s doing?

a. partitioning b. Set-up c. installing d. boot-up

8. Which of following options in the settings you need to choose when updating the windows 10?

a. System b. Network and Internet c. User Accounts d. Update and security

9. In the device driver window there is exclamation point in monitor icon. Which of the following is the problem?

a. The device has been disabled. b. it means that the device has a problem or conflict with another device. c. It means that the user needs to run the setup again. d. the bios is not PnP compatible.

10.It is a small software programs that help the operating system use or drive the device.

a. Operating System b. Anti-Virus c. Drivers d. Application software