Quantifying WEEE in Romania: 2019 vs 2015 · POM, average of 2015/2016/2017 WG 2018 Collection...

Federico Magalini

Quantifying WEEE in Romania:

2019 vs 2015

WEEE Directive & collection target challenges

• Romania

• 2012-2015: 4 kg/person or average 3 preceding years

• 2016-2020: 40% to 45% POM (45% POM in National transposition)

• Latest from 2021: 65% POM or 85% WG

229.10.2019 ECOTIC Final Presentation

Can we make it ?

WEEE Directive & collection target challenges

• Romania

• 2012-2015: 4 kg/person or average 3 preceding years

• 2016-2020: 40% to 45% POM (45% POM in National transposition)

• Latest from 2021: 65% POM or 85% WG

• Main challenges related to achievability of the target

• Target setting mechanism:

o POM and market dynamics

o Inaccurate data (POM) and wrong WG

• Volumes not accounted/reachable for collection, particularly reused/donated

• Availability of collection infrastructures in Romania & awareness of citizens


#ThrowbackTuesday

Project Context 4

22-03-2014Art. 7 WEEE Tender

Directive 2012/19/EU

National Transpositions

… ..

WEEE Art. 7WEEE Art. 11

Exporting ConditionsWEEE Art. 16.3

EC S

tud

ies

Life-span

TARGET Implementation

Co

mp

lian

ceSc

hem

es

Oth

er E

con

om

ic

Op

erat

ors

Was

te B

in

Re-

Use

Lo

op

s

Exp

ort

fo

r R

eUse

, Tr

eatm

ent

Waste Generated (Tool + current estim.)

A

Data Quality

TARGET Setting

C

D

Reporting Framework

AC

HIE

VEM

ENT

Put on Market

BData Quality

Future Devlp.

Data QualityFuture Devlp.

Member State Responsibility

Study Context

EC Activities

29.10.2019 ECOTIC Final Presentation 4

mmmll

STUDY ON COLLECTION RATES

OF WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

(WEEE)

POSSIBLE MEASURES TO BE INITIATED BY THE

COMMISSION AS REQUIRED BY ARTICLE 7(4),

7(5), 7(6) AND 7(7) OF DIRECTIVE 2012/19/EU ON WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

EQUIPMENT (WEEE)

WG Methodology, E-tool and challenges

• EC E-tool developed in 2014, pre-loaded with data derived from Apparent Consumption

• POM = PRODUCTION – EXPORT + IMPORT

• Statistics based on units converted using average weight sometimes different from reality of Romanian market

• The data-entry in the E-tool can be done according to 6 collection categories, 10 product categories or the 54 UNU-KEYs

• If data entry is done using the 6 or 10 categories the tool split the data to each UNU-KEY using the market breakdown of 2012

• Currently not included appliances for the open scope

• Later (2016) E-tool has been updated (dataset POM) and errors can be seen in the time-series

• No fridges POM prior 2002

• POM data higher compared to 2014 version (+18% to +37%, for some categories +500%)


National Register

• Annual declarations from Producers

• Closer link to the “scope” of the WEEE Directive

• Shorter time series when methodology was developed (longer in the future)

• Potential risk of free-riders (reporting POM = financing obligations)

Apparent Consumption

• Based on official statistics

• Longer time series (from 1996)

• For some codes “scope” might slightly

differ from WEEE Directive (might

include non-electric products)

• Might include used equipment as well

(no distinction in trade)

National Register vs Apparent Consumption

6

National Register is a better source (Industry declarations) and time series are getting

longer now.

Apparent Consumption can be used to double-check (company level from authorities!)


Impact of bad data in time series


-

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

PO

M (

t)1-LHHA National Register 1-LHHA E-Tool

• Direct impact if target based on POM

• Major driver if WG Methodology is used

• EC methodology = Sales-Lifespan (used in the E-tool)

– POM is influencing the total amount of WG

– Lifespan telling “when” the waste will be generated

– Accuracy of Lifespan is having a marginal role (max 10-15% impact on WG)

2007 is 133%, 2008 215% higher

compared to 2006-2014 average

Approx. 110kt

Impact of bad data in time series


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029

WG

(t)

PO

M (

t)

C&F POM LHHA POM C&F WG LHHA WG

Targets with different data sources


0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

16,0

18,0

POM, average of2015/2016/2017

WG 2018 Collection Target45% POM

Collection Target65% POM

Collection Target85% WG

kg

/pe

rso

n

E-tool National Register

Can we make it ?

Stock in Romanian households


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Relevance by unit Relevance by weight



21,9 21,6

7,9 7,4 7,1

5,2 5,2 4,0

2,6 2,4 2,1 1,2 0,8 0,8 0,5 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1

0

5

10

15

20

25

91 kg/person (71 kg in 2015)

As in 2015 few products contribute to the

total stock

Ovens are moving up compared to 2015

78% (weight)



-

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

300.000

350.000

400.000

450.000

Washingmachine

Fridges Ovens/EletricStoves

Flat screenTV

Freezer CRT TV Microwave Centralheaters

AirConditioner

Others

Sto

ck

in

to

ns

Survey Stock 2015 Survey Stock 2019

Acquisition of products: New vs Second Hand


80%

82%

84%

86%

88%

90%

92%

94%

96%

98%

100%

C&F Screens LHHA SHA Small IT

New Used/Second Hand Don't remember

Products acquired used/second hand (% on stock)


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%C&F Screens LHHA SHA Small IT

Age of stock


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

<1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 -5 years 6-10 years 11-15years

16-20years

21-40years

>40 years

C&F Screens Lamps LHHA SHA Small IT

50% of the products in stock

(units) are less than 3 years old

Stock up to 3 years


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Stock: role of not used and broken products


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Working and used Not working/broken Working but not used N.A.

Stock: role of not used and broken products


-

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Working and used Not working/broken Working but is not used N.A.

Approx. 7 kg/pp of

appliances not working/ or

not in use (7.5% of stock)

Was 2.4 kg/pp (3% stock) in

2015

21.1 kg/pp in Italy 2012

Storage at home


0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

C&F

Screens

Lamps

LHHA

SHA

Small IT

< 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 to 5 years 6 to 10 years > 10 years

Reasons for storage at home


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Don’t know what to do

There is nosolution

available todiscard

Did nothave the

time

I wasthinking to

repair it

Waiting forsales

discountcampaign

Not anissue

storing

Findsomene tosell/offer

Potentialback-up

Sentimental Waiting forscrap

collectors

Otherusage

Waiting forWEEE

collectioncampaigns

Other


Reasons for storage at home


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Don’t know what to do

There is nosolution

available todiscard

Did nothave the

time

I wasthinking to

repair it

Waiting forsales

discountcampaign

Not anissue

storing

Findsomene tosell/offer

Potentialback-up

Sentimental Waiting forscrap

collectors

Otherusage

Waiting forWEEE

collectioncampaigns

Other

Awareness

Infrastructures

Disposal habit consumers

• Consumers have been asked what happened after they

decided to discard the appliance (i.e. formally waste

according to Waste Framework Directive definition of waste)

22

Bring to

the shop

Retailer

pick up at

home

Bring to

Municipal

Collection

Point

Municipalit

y pick up

at home

Sold on

olx.ro,

okazii.ro /

Sold to a

refurbisher

Donated to

parents,

friends,

people in

need for

free

Waste bin /

garbage

With

Plastic/oth

er

recyclable

waste

Give it to

iron scrap

collectors

Bring it to

an iron

scrap yard

- REMAT

Other

WEEE

collection

points

Warranty

substitutio

n

Specialized

team pick-

up it from

home

(Ecotic or

RoREC)

Not

Know/Do

not

Remember

Other

Retailer Retailer Municipal MunicipalLife-

Extension

Life-

ExtensionBad-Habit Bad-Habit

Scrap

Collection

Scrap

CollectionWarranty Uncertainty Uncertainty

Correct Correct Correct CorrectLife-

Extension

Life-

ExtensionBad-Habit Bad-Habit Bad-Habit Bad-Habit Correct Warranty Correct Uncertainty Uncertainty


WEEE Generated & Collection targets


0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

WG 2018 Collection Target 201845% POM

Collection Target65% POM

Collection Target85% WG

kg

/pe

rso

n

E-tool National Register Survey

Discard patterns: where waste goes


-

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

1,60

Availalbe for collectionby Compliance

Scheme

Life-extension Bad Habit Warranty Uncertainty


Discard patterns: where waste goes


0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

Availalbe for collectionby Compliance

Scheme

Life-extension Bad Habit Warranty Uncertainty


36% WG 34% WG 25% WG 4% WG

2015

Available was 20% (+)

Life Extension 21% (-)

Bad habit 27% (+/-)

Uncertainty 19% (+)

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

WG 2018 Collection Target 201845% POM

kg

/pe

rso

n

E-tool National Register Survey

WEEE Generated & Collection targets


AVA

LH

BH

85%

36%

34%

25%

4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Target Survey

Target WG Available Life Extension

Bad habit Uncertainty

Distribution of Age of discard: example washing machines


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

<1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 -5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years 16-20 years 21-40 years >40 years N.A.

All data points, cumulated Excluding Life-Extension, cumulated

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Distribution of Age of discard: Flat screen TV


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

<1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 -5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years 16-20 years 21-40 years >40 years N.A.

All data points, cumulated Excluding Life-Extension, cumulated

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Problems in reachability of target

• Even when consumer report to discard WEEE via municipal collection points or retailers (correct, potentially) the waste MIGHT NOT BE reachable by Compliance Schemes

• Retailers might sell to scrap dealers, as well as municipalities

• Scavenging of products/components might still happen and waste being subtracted

• The appliances donated/sold to relatives/friends or third party are not accounted

• They are waste according to WFD definition, but not available for collection.

• Those flows are not influencing the lifespan distribution as the distribution of “age of appliances” is for all the appliances not changing.

• It’s not something related to the estimation of WG but more related to the accounting of the flows.

• Availability of collection points where consumers can discard appliances and flows can be safely stored until pickup by Compliance Schemes is a major concern in Romania


Reachability of the targets

• General awareness of consumers on the options to discard WEEE is limited (39% in urban areas and 17% in rural areas) declared to know about collection point established by local authorities

• Despite such figures (probably optimistic), not always those that indicated to know the existence of collection point discarded the products in the correct way

• Any awareness raising campaign makes only sense after the infrastructures for collection are further developed

30

Aware

Non Aware

Urban

Rural


Conclusions

• Current and future target are not possible to reach UNLESS we “discount” or deduct the share of products that are being re-used

• Even under such scenario, major improvements are still needed in order to: • Reduce the share of WEEE ending up in “bad-habit” routes (scrap collectors, waste bin, etc..) and not

treated according to standards by qualified recyclers

• Ensure waste potentially reachable by schemes are handed over to right operators and flows are accounted for

• The target (both expressed as %POM or %WG) is highly influenced by the accuracy of POM data: improvements in current but also past dataset is required

• Availability of collection infrastructure (first) and awareness raising (afterwards) are also key to foster collection possibilities

• Monitoring the changes in consumer behaviour and the discard (or reasons for storage) patterns is also crucial


Q&A: [email protected]

Quantifying WEEE in Romania: 2019 vs 2015 · POM, average of 2015/2016/2017 WG 2018 Collection...

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