Quality Control Concepts
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Transcript of Quality Control Concepts
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Quality Control Concepts
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Outline
1. Introduction2. Quality Control3. Quality Assurance4. Total Quality Management5. Quality Tools6. Summary
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History
1. Ancient time – skill craftsmen, blacksmith, etc
2. 1700 – Industrial Revolution3. 1776 – Adam Smith – division of labour4. 1790 – Eli Whitney – Interchangeable
parts5. Henry Ford – car industry in USA
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The Development
• 1950 – Productivity• 1960 – Productivity + service• 1970 - Productivity + service + Financial Control• 1980 - Productivity + service + Financial Control
+ Quality + Technology• 1990 - Productivity + service + Financial Control
+ Quality + Technology + Direction• 2002 Productivity + service + Financial Control +
Quality + Technology + Direction + Information
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Productivity
• Increase output with the same equipment
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What is Quality?
1. How can we define it?2. How can we specify it?3. How can we measure it?4. How can we manage it?
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Defining Quality
1. English Dictionary1. Essential or distinguishing characteristic2. Good moral, mental or aesthetic
characteristic3. Virtue – degree of goodness or value -
Excellence
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Defining Quality (Cont.)
2. TraditionConformal to specification
3. British Standard BS 4778“The totality of features or characteristics of
a product or service that bear upon its ability to satisfy a given need”
4. Fitness for use/purpose
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Defining Quality (Cont.)
5. Conformance to customer requirements6. Continuously meeting and improving
upon the agreed customer requirements
“It is the customer that defines Quality”
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Reliability
1. A quality product may still fail to satisfy a customer’s expectation if it is unreliable.
2. Reliability is the ability of an item to perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time.
3. i.e. long term quality
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Quality must be consider at all stages in the life cycle, as shown below, of a product.
Marketing &Market Research
Requirements&Specification
Design&Development
Procurement
Process Planning&Development
Production
Inspection, testing&Examination
Packaging&Storage
Sales&Distribution
Installation&operation
Technical Assistance&Maintenance
Disposal
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Quality Control
• A system for programming and co-ordination the efforts of various groups to maintain or improve quality at an economical level which allows customer satisfaction.
ACTIVITY QUALITYASSESSOR
Input Output Good
Bad
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Pros and Cons of QC
Pros:1. Easy to do2. Cheap (short term)3. Manageable
Cons:1. Unreliable, long lead time, big lot sizes2. Inspector takes the mistakes.
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Quality Assurance
• All activities and functions concerned with the attainment of quality.
ACTIVITY QUALITYASSESSOR
Input Output
Bad
Good
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Pros and Cons QA
Pros1. Easier than QC to find problems2. Problems identify earlier
Cons1. Need skilled labours2. High cost
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Correction Cost
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Cost of Quality
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Total Quality
“A strategy for improving overall performance and quality
competitiveness”
1. Involves every aspect of the business2. Involves every person3. Requires total commitment
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Implementation of Total Quality1. The need for an overall business strategy2. Top management commitment3. Adoption of new values and putting the
customer first4. Improving the quality of work life5. Involvement, teamwork and people
empowerment6. Effective data driven problem solving7. Eliminating waste and non-value added
activities
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Elements of Total Quality
1. Meeting customer requirements2. Striving to do error free work3. Managing by prevention4. Measuring the cost of non-quality5. Never ending improvement (continuous
improvement)6. Education and training
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Achieving Customer Satisfaction
1. Who are your internal and external customers?2. What are their actual needs?3. What are their expectations and measures?4. Do you have the necessary resources to meet
their requirements?5. How are changes in customer requirements
communicated?6. Do you continuously meet their requirements?
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Concepts of Quality Control
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Quality Assurance - Concepts
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Total Quality - Concepts
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Tools for Quality Improvement1. FMEA – Failure modes & Effects Analysis2. QFD – Quality Function Deployment3. Capability Studies – tolerance capability of
processes4. Taguchi – minimum change/optimum solution
technique5. Poka Yoke – fool proof devices6. SPC- statistical process control
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QFD
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Capability Studies
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Example of Poka Yoke
Correct Hole
Incorrect Hole
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Example of Poka Yoke (cont.)
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SPC
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Summary
1. Quality is continuously meeting and improving upon the agreed customer requirements.
2. Customer defines Quality.3. Quality Control
ACTIVITY QUALITYASSESSOR
Input Output Good
Bad
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Summary (cont.)
4. Quality Assurance
5. TQM is a strategy for improving overall performance and quality competitiveness.
ACTIVITY QUALITYASSESSOR
Input Output
Bad
Good
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Summary (cont.)
6. Quality Tools: • FMEA• QFD• Capability Studies• Taguchi• Poka Yoke• SPC