Punctuating Punctuating Parenthetical CitationsParenthetical Citations

By: Cierra Y., Destinie P., Richard By: Cierra Y., Destinie P., Richard B., Christy B. B., Christy B.

How is parenthetical punctuation How is parenthetical punctuation used? used?

We use this form of We use this form of punctuation in order punctuation in order to give credit to some to give credit to some one’s thoughts.one’s thoughts.

Parenthetical citations are used forParenthetical citations are used for

1.1. Direct quotesDirect quotes

2.2. ParaphrasingParaphrasing

3.3. SummarizingSummarizing

Always give credit, Always give credit, when credit is due!when credit is due!

In the parentheses, you should put the In the parentheses, you should put the author’s name first, followed by the page author’s name first, followed by the page number where you found it.number where you found it.

Once the parentheses are closed, add any Once the parentheses are closed, add any other necessary punctuation. other necessary punctuation.

For ExampleFor Example

““Life is a long lesson in Life is a long lesson in humility” (humility” (Barrie Barrie 102102).).

notice how the name notice how the name of the person is of the person is followed by the page followed by the page number…number…

Also notice the Also notice the period. It’s outside the period. It’s outside the parentheses.parentheses.

But there’s more!!But there’s more!!

There will be times There will be times where you don’t have where you don’t have to add the author in to add the author in the parentheses.the parentheses.

This can only take This can only take place if and only if place if and only if you credit the author you credit the author in your sentence.in your sentence.

It’s a little tricky!It’s a little tricky!

For exampleFor example

Desmond MorrisDesmond Morris notes that people from notes that people from the Mediterranean prefer an elbow-to-the Mediterranean prefer an elbow-to-shoulder distance from each other (131).shoulder distance from each other (131).

The author is named in the sentence!The author is named in the sentence!

Here’s another trick!Here’s another trick!

When you are quoting someone, your When you are quoting someone, your parenthetical citation and quote should never parenthetical citation and quote should never become separated with any punctuation.become separated with any punctuation.

for example:for example:

“ “ I realized that all my life, I’ve been an outsider. I I realized that all my life, I’ve been an outsider. I splatter bits of myself over the screensplatter bits of myself over the screen” (qtd.in ” (qtd.in Giannetti and Eyman 397).Giannetti and Eyman 397).

That’s all folks That’s all folks

Work Cited Work Cited

"Fairfield Warde High School Virtual Library." "Fairfield Warde High School Virtual Library." www.fairfield.k12.ct.us/wardehs/cwardehs03/indwww.fairfield.k12.ct.us/wardehs/cwardehs03/index.htmex.htm. 07 May 2007. 12 Jun 2007 <. 07 May 2007. 12 Jun 2007 <http://www.fairfield.k12.ct.us/wardehs/cwardehs0http://www.fairfield.k12.ct.us/wardehs/cwardehs03/index.htm3/index.htm >. >.

Troyka, Lynn. Troyka, Lynn. Quick Access: Reference for Quick Access: Reference for Writers.Writers. 2 2ndnd ed. New Jersey: Prentice, 1998. ed. New Jersey: Prentice, 1998.