Pulmo Questions

7/30/2019 Pulmo Questions

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Pulmo QuestionsPhysiology of Respiration

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

1. The operational stage of respiration that corresponds to the vascular transport of O2 and CO2 between lung andtissue cells of the body.

a. Internal respirationb. Transport respirationc. Intermediate respirationd. External respiration

2. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?a. Pulmonary capillaries : gas exchangerb. Brainstem: ventilatory pumpc. Cerebral cortex : respiratory controllerd. None of the above

3. The following structures perform the bellows function of the respiratory system, EXCEPT:a. Alveolib. Pleurac. Airwaysd. Peripheral nerves to respiratory muscles

4. Which of the following is a function of the lung?a. Metabolismb. Host defense

c. Gas exchanged. All of the above

5. Which of the following is FALSE about the upper airways?a. Its major function is to condition inspired airb. The volume of air entering the nares each day is 10,000 to 15,000 mlc. The paransal sinuses are lined with ciliated epitheliumd. The flow of mucus clears the main nasal passages every 60 minutes

6. This is the functional anatomical unit of the lung.a. Tracheobronchial systemb. Bronchusc. Bronchopulmonary segmentd. Alveoli

7. This is the basic physiologic unit of the lung.a. Alveolib. Acinusc. Respiratory bronchioles

d. Terminal bronchioles8. The acinus is composed of the following, EXCEPT:a. Terminal bronchioleb. Respiratory Bronchiolec. Alveolar ductsd. Alveoli

9. Which of the following is TRUE of the blood supply to the lungs:a. It has only one blood circulationb. 2/3 of the blood drains into the left atrium via pulmonary veinsc. The pulmonary circulation provide nourishment to the lung parenchymad. In the presence of diseases, the arteries decrease in size thereby decreasing blood supply to the

lungs10. Which of the following is FALSE about the innervation of the respiratory tract?

a. The airways have both somatic and autonomic innervationb. There are no pain fibers in the lungc. Parasympathetic innervation originates from the vagus nerve (CN X)d. Norepinephrine, a sympathetic neurotransmitter, does not innervate smooth muscles

11. During normal quiet breathing, which structure functions primarily in inspiration?a. External intercostal musclesb. Diaphragmc. Internal intercostal musclesd. Pectoralis muscle

12. Which of the following is NOT a requirement for gas exchange?a. Small surface area for gas diffusionb. Minimize distance for diffusionc. Maintainance of structural integrity of the gas exchange unitd. Matching ventilation and blood flow

13. Which of the following is TRUE about the surface area for diffusion of the gas exchange unit?a. 1000 pulmonary capillaries come in contact with each alveolus


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b. The pulmonary capillaries permit only a single RBC through the vessel due to its small diameterc. The RBC is fully saturated with O2 by the time it has made 25-33% of the way through the pulmonary

capillaryd. All of the above

14. Which of the following best describes the distance for diffusion of the gas exchange unit?a. O2 crosses the alveolar-capillary membrane faster than CO2b. Diffusion of O2 is not efficient and is a slow processc. The amount of gas that can diffuse across a surface is inversely proportional to the thickness of the

surfaced. The surface that needs to be traversed by gas is composed of the alveolar wall and capillary wall only15. A characteristic of the gas exchange unit that allows blood flow to be directed to areas receiving better

ventilation.a. Interdependenceb. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictionc. Alveolar-arterial oxygen differenced. Mucociliary mechanism

Mechanics of Breathing: Static Properties16. Which of the following lung volumes is correct?

a. TLC = ERV + TV + IRVb. VC = TV + IRVc. IC = TV + ERVd. FRC = RV + ERV

17. Which of the following lung volumes cannot be measured by spirometry?

a. Residual volumeb. Expiratory reserve volumec. Tidal volumed. Inspiratory reserve volume

18. The following are properties that affect lung function, EXCEPT:a. Surface tensionb. Elasticityc. Complianced. None of the above

19. Total lung capacity is determined by which of the following statements?a. It occurs because the lungs only have a certain volume of air it can take inb. It occurs because as the muscles lengthen during inspiration, the forces of inspiration cannot

overcome the increasing force required to distend the lung and chest wall.c. It occurs because airway resistance increases as volume of air increasesd. It occurs because the body senses the need for only a certain amount of air

20. This refers to the tendency of a structure to return to its initial size after being distendeda. Surface tensionb. Elasticityc. Complianced. Transmural pressure

21. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the relationship between compliance, volume and pressure?a. Volume is indirectly proportional to pressureb. As pressure increases, compliance decreasesc. Compliance is indirectly proportional to volumed. Pressure is directly proportional to compliance

22. It is the volume of the lung at the end of normal exhalationa. Residual volumeb. Expiratory reserve volumec. Tidal volumed. Functional residual capacity

23. Which of the following is TRUE?a. Elastic tension increases during inspiration and decreases by elastic recoil during expirationb. Elastic tension decreases during inspiration and increases by elastic recoil during expiration

c. Elastic tension increases during inspiration and expirationd. Both A and C

24. Which of the following factors affect lung compliance?a. Stretchability of the lung tissuesb. Surface tensionc. A onlyd. Both A and B

25. Which of the following is FALSE about lung compliance?a. Lung compliance is the slope of the line between two points on the deflation limb of the pressure-

volume loopb. The steeper the slope, the higher the compliancec. A stiff lung is an example of high compliance


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d. Lung compliance is directly proportional to lung volume and inversely proportional to pressure26. Which of the following is TRUE regarding lung compliance and lung volume?

a. As the volume increases and alveoli are filled to the limit, lung compliance decreasesb. At very low lung volumes, compliance is lowc. A onlyd. Both A and B

27. The difference between inflation and deflation pressure-volume curve is known as?a. Compliance

b. Surface Tensionc. Hysteresisd. Transpulmonary pressure

28. Which of the following explains the Law of Laplace?a. The time required for micelle formation (exhalation) and release (inhalation)b. Increasing pressure in the smaller alveolus causes it to empty its air into a larger one if the surface

tension in both are the samec. As the volume become maximally low, compliance of the lung decreasesd. Resistance is inversely proportional to the radius of the airways

29. What is the use of surfactant?a. Reduces surface tensionb. Increases surface tensionc. Has nothing to do with surface tensiond. None of the above

30. What is a consequence of a lack in surfactant?a. Movement of interstitial fluid into the alveolib. Alveolar collapse

c. High compl ianced. A and Be. All of the above

Mechanics of Breathing: Dynamic Properties31. Which of the following is TRUE regarding flow of air into the airways?

a. A reynolds number


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d. Respiratory Quotient39. The quantity of CO2 released exceeds the quantity of O2 taken up.

a. Trueb. False

40. This is the process in which air goes in and out of perfused alveoli.a. Alveolar CO2 Equationb. Alveolar O2 Equationc. Alveolar ventilation

d. Respiratory Quotient41. The following are factors in determining the fraction of CO2 in alveolus (PaCO2), EXCEPT:a. Rate of oxygen inhaled during breathingb. Rate of CO2 produced during metabolismc. Rate at which CO2 is eliminated from the alveolusd. None of the above

42. The greater the amount of CO2 produced by the body, the greater the alveolar ventilation.a. Trueb. Falsec. Not sured. Or

43. This refers to the amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs per minute.a. Tidal volumeb. Minute ventilationc. Number of breaths per minuted. Inspiratory reserve volume

44. Which of the following is TRUE about distribution of ventilation in the lungs?

a. The apex is more expanded, thus can receive less ventilationb. The base is more compliant, thus can receive more ventilationc. Ventilation is highest in the base of the lungd. All of the above

45. This is the volume of air that enters and exits the lung that do not participate in gas exchangea. Deadspace ventilationb. Alveolar ventilationc. Minute ventilationd. Total venti lation

46. This refers to the fraction of each breath that is wasted in ventilating the conducting airways.a. VD/VTb. Alveolar CO2 equationc. Anatomic deadspaced. Alveolar deadspace

47. The following is true about Ficks Law, EXCEPT:a. The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of transfer of gasesb. The greater the viscosity, the greater the resistancec. Diffusion is inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane barrierd. If driving force is decreased, diffusion is decreased

48. Gases which have a high solubility in alveolo-capillary membrane but insoluble in blood are calleda. Perfusion l imitedb. Diffusion limitedc. Unlimitedd. I do not know

49. Which of the following factors will cause the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the right?a. Increased pCO2b. Increased temperaturec. pH of 2d. All of the above

50. It is described as a decrease in oxygen-hemoglobin saturation that leads to CO2 loading into the blooda. Hypoxiab. Henrys lawc. Haldane effect

d. Bohr effect51. The pneumotaxic center switches off inspiration while the apneustic center excites the medulla and prolongs

inspirationa. Trueb. Falsec. I do not knowd. Bahala na si Lord

52. Responsible for voluntary control of breathinga. Medullab. Ponsc. Cerebral cortexd. None of the above


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53. Which of the following is peripheral chemoreceptors most sensitive to?a. O2b. CO2c. H+

d. HCO3-

54. Which of the following is central chemoreceptors most sensitive to?a. O2b. CO2

c. H+

d. HCO3-

55. The Hering-Breur inflation reflex occurs when this type of respiratory receptor is stimulated.a. C Fibersb. Slow adapting stretch receptorsc. Rapidly adapting stretch receptorsd. Muscle spindle

56. Determine the acid-base imbalance: pH=7.3, pCO2 = 30, HCO3 = 18, PO2 = 90a. Respiratory acidosisb. Respiratory alkalosisc. Metabolic acidosisd. Metabolic alkalosis




60. What is the bodys compensation for the acid-base imbalance in #59?a. Kidney: increase H+ secretion in urine, increase HCO3- reabsorptionb. Kidney: increase HCO3- secretion, increase H+ reabsorptionc. Lungs: Hyperventilationd. Lungs: Hypoventilation

Answer key:1. C2. B3. A4. D5. D6. C7. B8. A9. B10. A11. B

12. A13. D14. C15. B16. D17. A18. D19. B20. B21. B22. D23. A


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24. D25. C26. D27. C28. B29. A30. D31. C

32. B33. B34. D35. D36. A37. C38. D39. B40. C41. A42. A43. B44. D45. A46. A47. B48. A

49. D50. C51. A52. C53. A54. C55. B56. C57. A58. B59. D60. D

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