Enhance investment for DRR & CCA to Sustaining Development Gains:Opportunities & Challenges for Developing Asian Countries*Mohammad Abdul WazedDirector GeneralDepartment of Disaster Management Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief , Bangladesh

Location of Bangladesh in South Asia

Physical: challenges related to water, climate and land

Social: population, vulnerability, poverty and wider social safety net programme

Institutional: policy & governance and equity

Economic: agriculture dependence economy , lack of off farm opportunity

Context- A vast network of rivers and channels - An enormous discharge of water heavily laden with sediments - A large number of islands in between the channels - A shallow northern Bay of Bengal and funneling to the coastal area of Bangladesh - Strong tidal and wind action

1987 floods US$ 1.0 billion1988 floods US$ 1.2 billion 1998 floods US$ 2.8 billion2004 floods US$ 2.3 billion2007 floods US$ 1.1 billion2007 Cyclone (Sidr)US$ 2.1 billion2009 Cyclone (AILA)US$ 1.1 billionTotal: US$ 11.6 billion*Year DisasterDeath1970 Cyclone500,0001988 Flood1,7081988 Cyclone4,0001989 Drought8001991 Cyclone138,8681996 Tornado5451997 Cyclone5501998 Flood9182004 Flood7472007 Flood8002007 Cyclone(SIDR)3,4062009Cyclone(Aila)190Past Significant Disaster

The 70s: response oriented, formation of early warning and preparedness;- 1970- cyclone Gorky, 300,000 killed- 1972- Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) established, wireless network created

The 80s: and 90s: emergence of the DM approach;- 1987/88- huge flood, FAP (11) formulated: establishment of a special unit to plan and coordinate disaster-related activities- 1991- cyclone, 138,800 killed, shifting from reactive response to disaster risk reduction, - 1993- constitution of the Disaster Management Bureau (DMB)- 1997- Drafting of the Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD)- 1998- prolonged flood

Evolving Paradigms of Disaster Management in Bangladesh

The 2000s: consolidation towards a comprehensive system2000- Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP) formulated and launched in 20042005- Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MoFDM) re-established, GoBs new Disaster Management vision2006- Revised MoFDM- Allocation of Business2010- Codified formal DM System : revised SOD, National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) renewed momentum for DM Policy and DM Act2012 DM Act Finalized and Enacted , MoDMR and DDM Evolving Paradigms of Disaster Management in Bangladesh

*GoB Vision for Disaster Management:To reduce the vulnerability of the poor to the effects of natural, environmental and human induced hazards to a manageable and acceptable humanitarian level

MoDMR Mission:To bring a paradigm shift in disaster management from conventional response and relief to a more comprehensive risk reduction culture

Overall Objective: To strengthen the capacity of the Bangladesh Disaster Management System to reduce unacceptable risk and improve response and recovery management at all levels

- Community Resilience - Legal and Institutional Framework- Committee System- Volunteerism- Vibrant NGO/ CSO/CBO- Wider Safety Net - Community based early Warning System- Political Commitment Pillars of Disaster Management

*Disaster Management Institutions in BangladeshNational Disaster Management CouncilInter Ministerial Disaster Management Coordination Committee (IMDMCC) National Disaster Management Advisory Council (NDMAC)Ministry of Disaster Management and ReliefDepartment of Disaster Management District Disaster Management Committee Upazila Disaster Management CommitteeCity Corporation Disaster Management Committee Municipal Disaster Management Committee Union Disaster Management CommitteeCyclone Preparedness Programme Implementation BoardZone / UpazilaUnionVillage

Programming for Implementation Guideline Templates Local Plans Hazard Plans Sectoral Plans Sectoral Policies(DRR Incorporated) SOD National Plan for DM DM PolicyDisaster Management Act Disaster Management Regulative Framework(DRR Incorporated)

SSNPs are linked to disaster management and social protection To reduce vulnerability To provide rapid relief response To sustain the timely recovery To protect the most vulnerable groups

Range of interventions includes: Special food transfer to the vulnerable- VGF Cash transfer for generating employment- EGPPTest Relief (TR) Relief through infrastructure and social protection- FFWSocial Safety Net Programs

In FY 2013-14, GoBs allocation for DRR and Response is 7765 Core (USD ~10 mil)

Bangladesh Government has established two different funds to address the issue of Climate Change:- Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (USD 350 mil till 2009)- Bangladesh Climate Change Resilient Fund (USD 170 mil)

The DM Act 2012 further instructed to formalize the mechanism towards the DM fund at the National and Local Level Investment of DRR and CCA in Bangladesh

Allocation by the Government for DM in FY 2013-14

Activity Allocation Block Allocation for Disaster ManagementBDT 1 bil (~ USD 12.65 mil) Vulnerable Group Development (VGD)BDT 8.5 bil (~ USD 107.7 mil)Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF)BDT 13.26 bil (~ USD 167.8 mil) Test Relief (TR) FoodBDT 12.91 bil (~ USD 163.4 mil) Gratuitous Relief (GR)- FoodBDT 2.65 bil (~ USD 33.5 mil) Food For Work (FFW)BDT 14.56 bil (~ USD 184.3 mil) Employment Generation Programe for theUltra Poor (EGPP)BDT 14 bil (~ USD 177.3 mil)Total BDT 66.89 bil (~ USD 1.8bil)

*What Made the DifferenceImprovement of disaster risk reduction measures including early warning system.Active leadership role in the field level Disaster Management CommitteesCyclone and Flood shelters Earthen Killa ( elevated land) for livestockEmbankments in Coastal Belts Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) expanded to new areas with more volunteers Urban Volunteers Increased resilience of the vulnerable communities.More holistic, multi-disciplinary DRR approach.Community based disaster preparednessEffective Communication

International / Regional Cooperation Bangladesh is committed to South-South CooperationLead role in SAARCCommitted to Intra-regional and Inter-regional Cooperation, eg. SDMC , BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for MultiSectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) Developing close collaboration with ADPC (Thailand), ADRC (Japan), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), USA.

Needs and priorities (Long-term)*Construction of cyclone shelters with killas (elevated land for shelter of livestock)Reconstruction/Construction of Embankment with modified designDisaster resistant housingDisaster resilient cluster villageReconstruction of educational institutionsReconstruction/Construction of roads

Long-term Risk Reduction ChallengesImprovement of early warning system Expansion of the operation areas of the Cyclone Preparedness ProgramsExpansion of disaster management information networkMainstreaming of disaster risk reduction in development processStrengthening linkage with regional and international organizations involved in DRR in line with HFA Adaptation to Climate Change*

RecommendationsBangladesh will share the lesson on public financing for community and national level resilience building Integration of DRR & CCA with SDGs is crucial for resilience building HFA2 DRR regional platform needs to be linked to regional policy and decision through regional commission. UNISDR can play a major role here , specially in respect of monitoring , and support to regional and international cooperation *

*CYCLONE SHELTERDRR

*Community resilience

Thank you all *

*