Public Speaking Arts/SGO... · 2014. 8. 27. · Extemporaneous speaking is the idea to sound as if...
Transcript of Public Speaking Arts/SGO... · 2014. 8. 27. · Extemporaneous speaking is the idea to sound as if...
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PATERSON PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Public Speaking
LANGUAGE ARTS
BASELINE ASSESSMENT
Student:
Teacher: School:
Date:
Score:
Administered By:
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Directions: After reading the excerpts, answer the following questions.
An informative speech is one that intends to educate the audience on a particular topic. There are many
different types of informative speeches, including speeches that describe the conditions of a subject and
speeches that instruct the audience on how to perform an action. This type of speech uses descriptions,
demonstrations, vivid detail, and definitions to explain a subject, person, or place that audience wants
to understand. Unlike persuasive speeches, an informative speech relies less on pathos (appeal to
feelings) and more on communicating information.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
pages 299-305
1. Which one of the following is an example of an informative speech? (RI.9.3-12.3, RI.9.4-12.4,
SL.9.3-12.3)
A. To teach my audience how to transform discarded CDs and DVDs into useful objects
B. To convince my audience that child geniuses should be permitted to enroll in college classes
C. To convince my listeners to reject the idea that tornadoes are incapable of striking large
cities
D. To persuade my listeners not to buy products tested on animals
One of the ways speakers analyze audiences is by looking at demographic traits. Such as age; gender;
sexual orientation; religion; group membership; racial, ethnic, or cultural background; and the like. This
is called demographic audience analysis. It consists of two steps: (1) identifying the general demographic
features of your audience, and (2) gauging the importance of those features to a particular speakin g
situation.
Stephan E. Lucas, The Art of Public Speaking, 10th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009), page 100
2. Which one of the following is not an example of the diversity of your audience? (RL.9.4-12.4,
SL.9.4-12.4)
A. Gender
B. Age
C. Educational background
D. Speaker
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Directions: After reading the excerpts, answer the following questions. Respond to questions 3 & 4
There are a number of speech designs. Chronological pattern arranges your main points in a time
sequence-what occurs first, what occurs second, and so on. Topical pattern would divide your central
idea into components or categories, using logic and common sense as your guides. Cause -Effect pattern
orders the points by discussing a cause and then the effects of this cause. A Problem-Solution pattern
divides a speech into two main sections: a problem and its solution. Spatial Pattern organizes items
according to the way in which they relate to each other in physical space – top to bottom, left to right,
north to south, inside to outside, and so on.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
pages 204-208
3. You plan to give a speech to persuade your audience to support “pet therapy” for lonely elderly
people in nursing homes. Your most likely choice for a speech pattern would be? (RI.9.3-12.3,
SL.9.4-12.4)
A. Chronological Pattern
B. Topical Pattern
C. Cause-Effect Pattern
D. Problem-Solution Pattern
4. Alexis is delivering her speech in Psychology class today. Her speech is going to inform her
audience of the two kinds of sleep that all people experience. Her speech follows which of the
following organizational patterns? (RI.9.1-12.1, RI.9.3-12.3., SL.9.4-12.4)
A. Chronological Pattern
B. Topical Pattern
C. Problem-Solution Pattern
D. Spatial Pattern
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5. The body of the speech is the point at which you go into full detail about each of your main points.
The body is where you tell your story. The body of the speech does the following: (RL.9.2-12.2,
SL.9.4-12.4)
A. Introduces the topic to the audience.
B. Helps provide the audience an introduction to your credentials as a speaker on the topic.
C. Expands upon the main points previewed in the preview statement.
D. All of the above.
Directions: After reading the excerpts, answer the following questions. Respond to questions 6 & 7
The message of a speech is what the speaker communicates to the listeners. The message is sent in the
form of symbols – either verbal or nonverbal. Verbal symbols are words. Nonverbal symbols are what
you convey with your tone of voice, eyes, facial expression, gesture, posture, and appearance.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
page284
6. Which one of the following is an example of a verbal technique? (SL.9.3-12.3)
A. Eye contact
B. Inflection
C. Posture
D. Facial expressions
7. Which one of these is an example of a nonverbal strategy? (SL.9.3-12.3)
A. Gestures
B. Volume
C. Jargon
D. Rehearsing
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8. It is very important to be able to communicate effectively in our professional, as well as, our
personal lives. When hiring, employers are most likely to be influenced by which of these
attributes? (RL.9.2-12.2, RL.9.4-12.4, SL.9.1-12.1)
A. Grade point average
B. Letters of reference
C. Technical knowledge of the field
D. Oral communication skills
Directions: After reading the following excerpts, answer the following questions.
There are four basic speaking methods that are used by public speakers today: memorization,
manuscript, impromptu, and extemporaneous. When we memorize a speech we deliver it without a
script or notes. A manuscript is an entire speech word for word which is read aloud to the audience.
Impromptu is speaking on the spur of the moment with no opportunity for extensive preparation.
Extemporaneous speaking is the idea to sound as if you are speaking spontaneously, but instead of
giving the clumsy, faltering speech that many off-the-cuff speakers give you present a beautifully
organized, well-developed speech that you have spent many hours preparing and practicing.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
pages 275-278
9. Jim utilized his note cards when he gave his speech in his Journalism class. What type of speaking
method did he use? (SL.9.4-12.4)
A. Impromptu
B. Manuscript
C. Extemporaneous
D. Memorization
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Informative speeches can be categorized in many ways. Four of the most popular types are definition,
description, process, and explanation. A definition speech is giving an extended definition of a concept
so that the listeners get a full, richly detailed picture of its meaning. A description speech paints a vivid
picture of a person, a place, an object, or an event. A process speech covers the steps or stages by which
something is done or made. The explanation speech involves explaining a concept or a situation to the
audience. For this type of speech, you often must conduct in-depth research, using books, articles, and
interviews, rather than relying on your own experiences.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009),
pages 299-304
10. David is giving a speech in his class today. His speech is going to inform his audience how to
choose a study-abroad program. Which one of the types of informative speeches is David
delivering to his class? (RI.9.3-12.3, RI.9.6-12.6, SL.9.6-12.6)
A. Definition
B. Description
C. Process
D. Explanation
“Another cause of the problem is that precious time is often wasted on useless paperwork before vital
emergency treatment begins. Several years ago, a man driving by an elementary school in my
hometown had a heart attack and crashed into a school yard. Seven children were taken to the
emergency room three blocks away, but the real tragedy had not yet begun. Once in the emergency
room, children were denied treatment until the parents were contacted and the admitting forms filled
out. By the time the forms were completed, two of the children had died.”
11. Identify the type of supporting material used in the following excerpt from a student speech
about the lack of prompt and proper emergency room care. (RL.9.1-12.1, RL.9.2-12.2, RL.9.4-12.4,
SL.9.3-12.3)
A. Narrative
B. Analogy
C. Testimony
D. Statistics
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Visual aids are important for explaining and illustrating your ideas. Some reasons for using visual aids
are as follows: visual aids can make ideas clear and understandable, visual aids can make a speech more
interesting, visual aids can help an audience remember facts and details, visual aids can make long,
complicated explanations unnecessary, visual aids can help prove a point, visual aids can add to your
credibility, and visual aids enhance communication with people who speak English as a second
language.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
page 167
12. Which of the following is not a benefit for using visual aid materials in a speech? (SL.9.5-12.5)
A. They add clarity.
B. They help create identification with the listener.
C. They can help reduce apprehension.
D. They add to the length of time of your speech.
Establishing a general purpose for your speech will help you bring your topic under control. Speeches
may have other purposes, but these are the most common. The informational speech is concerned
about giving new information to your listeners. The persuasive speech is given to convince the lis teners
to come over to your side, to adopt your point of view. An entertaining speech is aimed at amusing or
diverting your audience. It is light, fun, and relaxing.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
pages 88 & 89
13. Which of the following is not a general purpose/function for giving a speech? (RL.9.2-12.2, SL.9.6-
12.6)
A. To inform
B. To decide
C. To persuade
D. To entertain
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Words, phrases, or sentences that show logical connections between ideas or thoughts are called
transitions. They help listeners stay with you as you move from one part of your speech to the next.
Transitions clarify the relationship between your ideas, thereby making them easy to comprehend. They
can be employed to help your listener follow your remarks. A transition takes your listeners from point I
to point II. It also has the virtue of stimulating their curiosity about the next part of the speech.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
pages 210 & 211
14. Effective speech transitions: (RL.9.4-12.4, SL.9.4-12.4)
A. Show how points relate to one another.
B. Prepare your audience for forthcoming ideas and materials.
C. Bridge ideas together.
D. All of the above
When selecting a topic for your speech, you should choose a topic that you care about and that you can
master. Try to choose a topic that will interest your audience. Narrow the topic so that you can control
your material.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
pages 83-87
15. When choosing a topic, you should: (RL.9.2-12.2, SL.9.4-12.4, SL.9.6-12.6)
A. Pick something trivial and fun that you don’t know anything about.
B. Choose timely topics.
C. Avoid topics that “improve” the audience.
D. Choose a topic that others may be interested in.
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Brainstorming is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.
Some brainstorming techniques include the following: Personal Inventory, Clustering, Reference Search
and Internet Search. In Personal Inventory you would make a quick inventory of your experiences,
interests, hobbies, skills, beliefs, and so forth. Jot down anything that comes to mind, no matter how
silly or irrelevant it may seem. From this list may come a general subject area out of which you can
fashion a specific topic. Clustering is taking a sheet of paper and dividing it into nine columns as follows:
People, Places, Things, Events, Processes, Concepts, Natural Phenomena, Problems, and Plans and
Policies. Then list in each column the first five or six items that come to mind. Very likely, several items
on your lists will strike you as potential topics. If not, take the items you find most intriguing and
compose sublists for each. Try to free-associate. Write down a word or idea. What does that trigger in
your mind? Whatever it is, write that down next and keep going until you have five or six ideas on your
list. Reference Search is browsing through an encyclopedia, a periodical database, or some other
reference work until you come across what might be a good speech topic. The Internet Search is to
connect to a subject-based search engine such as Yahoo and find a more specific subject.
Stephan E. Lucas, The Art of Public Speaking, 10th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009), pages 78-80
16. Which of the following is not an example of effective brainstorming? (RL.9.2-12.2, SL.9.1-12.1)
A. Nancy takes five minutes to write as many topics as she can that come to her mind, just
writing anything down.
B. George uses a free-association exercise where he writes down one word, then another one
which pops up and so on for the next five minutes.
C. Robin decides to write letters to her friends telling them that she cannot find a topic for her
speech.
D. Candice goes to her computer and looks for a particular subject she is interested in for
writing her speech.
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The introduction to your speech is very important. An attention-grabber is needed because of an
unfortunate fact: audiences don’t automatically give every speaker their full, respectful attention. But
grabbing their attention is not enough: your introduction must also make listeners want to hear the rest
of your speech. When used in a speech introduction all of the following except one illustrate methods of
getting the audience’s attention.
Hamilton, Gregory, Public Speaking for College & Career, 9th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010),
pages 219-223
17. Which is not an attention-getting statement? (RL.9.2-12.2, RL.9.4-12.4, SL.9.4-12.4, SL.9.5-12.5)
A. Let’s look at this video clip and imagine ourselves in this situation.
B. Once upon a time, there was a young girl who.
C. I am addicted to caffeine.
D. I have seen a human clone with my own eyes.
18. The conclusion of your speech should summarize your purpose and main points while leaving a
lasting impression with your audience. When you conclude a speech you should: (RL.9.2-12.2,
RL.9.4-12.4, SL.9.4-12.4, SL.9.5-12.5)
A. Thank everyone for listening to your speech.
B. Leave with something memorable.
C. Should instruct your listeners to write their own speech in response to yours.
D. All of the above
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Open-Ended Questions- Directions: Read the play below and respond to the questions that follow.
A Doll’s House
Norwegian writer Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, caused controversy when it appeared in 1879. It
portrayed a view of marriage that angered many. In this scene, Nora tries to explain her feelings about
her marriage to her husband, Torvald Helmer.
Nora: You have never loved me. You just thought it was fun to be in love with me.
Helmer: Nora, what kind of way is this to talk?
Nora: It’s the truth, Torvald. When I lived with Papa, he used to tell me what he thought about
everything, so that I never had any opinions but his. And if I did have any of my own, I kept
them quiet, because he wouldn’t have liked them. He called me his little doll, and he played
with me just the same way I played with my dolls. Then I came here to live in your house
Helmer: What kind of a way is that to describe our marriage?
Nora: I mean, then I passed from Papa’s hands into yours. You arranged everything the way
you wanted it, so that I simply took over your taste in everything-or pretended I did-I don’t
really know-I think it was a little of both-first one and then the other. Now I look back on it as
if I’ve been living here like a pauper, from hand to mouth. I performed tricks for you, and you
gave me food and drink. But that was how you wanted it. You and Papa have done me a great
wrong. It’s your fault that I have done nothing with my li fe.
Helmer: Nora, how can you be so unreasonable and ungrateful? Haven’t you been happy here?
Nora: No; never. I used to think I was, but I haven’t ever been happy.
Helmer: Not-not happy?
Nora: No. I’ve had fun. You’ve always been very kind to me. But our home has never been
anything but a playroom. I’ve been your doll-wife, just as I used to be Papa’s doll-child. And
the children have been my dolls. I used to think it was fun when you came in and played with
me, just as they think it’s fun when I go in and play games with them. That’s all our marriage
has been, Torvald.
Citation: Sheryl A. Reda, Projects in Speech Communication (Logan, Iowa: Perfection Learning, 2009),
pages 598 & 599
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19. Evaluate the effectiveness of Nora’s interpersonal communication skills, and cite specific
examples from the play to support your response. (W.9.3d-12.3d, RL. 9.1-12.1, RL. 9.4-12.4)
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Directions: Read the following speech by Abraham Lincoln and respond to the
questions that follow.
Abraham Lincoln: The Gettysburg Address
On November 18, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln gave a short speech at the dedication of the
National Soldier’s Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that
all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any
nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their
lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger
sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living
and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world
will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for
us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus
far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that
from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full
measure of devotion-that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this
nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people,
for the people shall not perish from the earth.
Citation: Sheryl A. Reda, Projects in Speech Communication (Logan, Iowa: Perfection Learning, 2009),
page 592
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20. According to Abraham Lincoln, what was the historical significance of the Civil War? Cite
specific examples from the speech to support your response. (RL.9.1-12.1, RL.9.2-12.2, RL.9.4-12.4,
W.9.3D.-12.3d., W.9.3e.-12.3e.)
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