Analysis of California’s Physician-Supervision Requirement ...
PTI444.07 - Requirement Analysis
Transcript of PTI444.07 - Requirement Analysis
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Didik Dwi P
Requirement Analysis
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Bahasan
Requirement engineeringRequirement analysis
Fact-finding techniques
Business Requirement Specification (BRS)
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System Analysis Phase Overview
System analysis phase tasks:Requirements
Process Modeling
Data ModelingTransition to Systems Design
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What are requirements?
Functional expectationsPerformance expectations
Constraints
System (existing, legacy)Environmental
Cultural
etc
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Requirement Engineering
Requirement Engineering
Requirement AnalysisRequirement Determination +
Basis for discussions withcustomer
Design basis for developers
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Requirement Engineering
Requirement Engineering covers all of the activitiesinvolved in discovering, documenting and maintaininga set of requirements for a computer-based system(Sommerville)
Requirements engineering is an activity that involvescapturing, structuring and accurately representing theclients requirements in a manner that can beeffectively implemented in a system that will conform to
the clients specifications (Sawyer)
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Requirement Engineering
Why requirement engineering is important?In software development projects, the RequirementsEngineering Process (REP) can influence thedevelopment:
Cost
Time
Effort
Quality
Major causes of project failures:
Incomplete requirements
Changing requirements
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Requirement analysis
Other names:Definition phase
Input:
System improvement objectives
Project charter
Output:
Business Requirement Statement (BRS)
Most techniques usedFact-finding
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Requirement analysis
A system requirement is a characteristic or feature thatmust be included in an information system to satisfybusiness requirements and be acceptable to users.
Inputs
OutputsProcesses
Performance
Controls
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Requirement analysis
Functional requirement: something the informationsystem must do
Print invoice, read employee records, etc
Nonfunctional requirement: a property or quality the
system must haveCost
Performance
Security
etc
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Criteria for System Requirements
Consistent not conflicting or ambiguous.Complete describe all possible system inputs andresponses.
Feasible can be satisfied based on the availableresources and constraints.
Required truly needed and fulfill the purpose of thesystem.
Accurate stated correctly.
Traceable directly map to functions and features ofsystem.
Verifiable defined so can be demonstrated duringtestin .
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Requirement example
The system must provide log-on security at theoperating system level and at the application level
Response time must not exceed four seconds
An employee record must be added, changed, ordeleted only by a member of the human resourcesdepartment
The system must support 50 users online
simultaneouslyThe transaction report should be generated every day at10 pm
The system must user-friendly to every type of users
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Fact-Finding Techniques
Fact-finding is the formal process of using research,interviews, sampling, questionnaires, and othertechniques to collect information about systems,requirements, and preferences
also known as information gathering or data collection
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Fact-Finding Techniques
Sampling of existing documentation, forms, anddatabases.
Research and site visits.
Observation of the work environment.
Questionnaires.
Interviews.
Prototyping.
Joint requirements planning (JRP).
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Sampling Existing Documentation
Sampling process of collecting a representativesample of documents, forms, and records.
Organization chart
Memos and other documents that describe the problem
Standard operating procedures for current system
Completed forms
Manual and computerized screens and reports
Samples of databases
Flowcharts and other system documentation
And more
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Research and site visits
ResearchComputer trade journals
Visit other companies with similar problems
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Observation
Observation a fact-finding technique wherein thesystems analyst either participates in or watches aperson perform activities to learn about the system.
Advantages
Data gathered can be very reliable
Disadvantages
People may perform differently when being observed
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Questionnaires
Questionnaire a special-purpose document that allowsthe analyst to collect information and opinions fromrespondents.
Advantages
Often can be answered quickly
Relatively inexpensive way to gather data from a largenumber
Disadvantages
No guarantee that an individual will answer all questions
Cannot observe body language
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Questionnaires
Multiple-choice questionsRating questions
Ranking questions
Rank the following transactions according to the amount of time you spend
processing them.
___ % new customer orders
___ % order cancellations
___ % order modifications
___ % payments
The implementation of quality discounts would
cause an increase in customer orders.
___ Strongly agree___ Agree
___ No opinion
___ Disagree
___ Strongly disagree
Is the current accounts receivable
report that you receive useful?
___ Yes
___ No
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Interview
Interview - a fact-finding technique whereby thesystems analysts collect information from individualsthrough face-to-face interaction.
Advantages
Give analyst opportunity to motivate interviewee torespond freely and openly
Can observe nonverbal communication
Disadvantages
Time-consuming
Success highly dependent on analyst's human relationsskills
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Prototyping
Discovery prototyping the act of building a small-scale, representative or working model of the usersrequirements in order to discover or verify thoserequirements.
Advantages:Can experiment to develop understanding of how system
might work
May minimize time spent on fact-finding
Disadvantages:Developers may need to be trained in prototyping
Could extend development schedule
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Joint Requirements Planning
Joint requirements planning (JRP) a process wherebyhighly structured group meetings are conducted for thepurpose of analyzing problems and definingrequirements.
Participant:Sponsor
Facilitator
Users and Managers
ScribesIT Staff
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Joint Requirements Planning
Joint requirements planning (JRP) a process wherebyhighly structured group meetings are conducted for the
purpose of analyzing problems and definingrequirements.
Participant:Sponsor
Facilitator
Users and Managers
ScribesIT Staff