PT Slab Deflections - Post-Tensioning Institute Convention/Session... · PT Slab Deflections What...
Transcript of PT Slab Deflections - Post-Tensioning Institute Convention/Session... · PT Slab Deflections What...
PT Slab
Deflections
What is acceptable?
By Douglas Sarkkinen, PE,SE
Senior Structural Engineer
Otak, Inc.
May 1, 2011
2011 PTI Annual Conference,
Kansas City, MO
Types of Buildings
Presentation Overview
• Deflection Problems
• Causes of Deflections
• Varying Levels of Expectation
• Lack of Specific Requirements
• Communication – Awareness
• Predicting Deflections
• Coordination of Tolerances
• Responsibilities
• Recommendations
Deflection Problems
• Dissatisfied Owners
• Visual
• Damage of Finishes, Window leaks
• Uneven floors – file cabinets, desks
• Drainage
• Long term deflections – not live load
deflections.
Damage of Finishes
Deflection of Deck
Causes of Deflection or Floor
Uneveness
• Dead Load
• Live Load
• Prestress
• Creep
• Shrinkage
• Cracking
• Concrete quality
• Construction control – geometry
• Reshoring at pour strips
Expectations
• High End vs Low End
• Rental vs Own
• Equipment / Furniture
• Use, Interior, Exterior
• Architectural Finish Detailing
(Accommodating movement)
• Persnickety Personalities
• Lack of Knowledge / Understanding
Serviceability Requirements
• ASCE 7-10
• C.2 Design for Long-Term Deflection
“Where required for acceptable building
performance, members and systems shall be
designed to accommodate long-term irreversible
deflections under sustained loads.”
IBC
ACI-318
Communication - Awareness
• Owner
• Architect
• Structural Engineer
• Contractor
• Subcontractor (Forming, Placement, Finishing)
• Meeting minutes
• Drawings
• Memorandum
Predicting Deflections
Measured Deflections
Measured Deflections
Predicting Deflections
• Creep affect can vary substantially
• Watch out for “Aggressive” Designs
• Keep maximum P/A around 300 psi
• Cantilevered slabs are very sensitive to
tendon placement, P/A, and backspan
deflection
• Cracking under service levels can change
the moment of inertia
Construction Tolerances
• ACI-117
• 4.3.1.2 Elevation of top surfaces of formed
slabs before removal of supporting shores has a
tolerance of +/- ¾ inch
• 4.4.1 The thickness tolerance for slabs less
than 12 inches thick are + 3/8 inch and – ¼ inch.
Construction Tolerances
• ACI 117
• 4.5.6.1 The FL levelness tolerance shall not
apply to slabs placed on unshored form surfaces
and/or shored form surfaces after the removal of
shores. FL levelness tolerances shall not apply
to cambered or inclined surfaces and shall be
measured within 72 hours after slab concrete
placement.
Cast-in-place tolerances
Example
• Typical 30 foot bay with an 8 inch PT slab
• l/240 = 1-1/2 inches, then add +/- ¾ inch.
• Picture what the sill condition looks like at a full
height window in a condominium with a 6 inch
high sill.
• Revisit the perpendicular GWB wall in an office
building with this deflection.
Responsibility
• Owner – 10%
• Architect – 10%
• Contractor – 10%
• Structural Engineer – 70%
• Contractor cannot predict
deflections
Recommendations
• Have experienced PT Slab Designers
• Communicate early on with architect / owner
• Document discussions
• Follow up with contractor during construction
• Perform field measurements to confirm analysis
methods
• Beware of “aggressive” designs, high prestress,
thin or long cantilevers
• Coordinate slab edge – wall conditions/details
Recommendations
• For buildings with decks, and for parking
garages that are sloped for drainage, review the
drainage and slopes to insure that resulting
long-term deflections still allow positive drainage
Recommendations
• For typical buildings (30 foot +/- bays), target the
calculated long term deflection (creep factor is 3)
plus live load to:
3/4 inch for Parking Garages
½ inch for office space
3/8 inch for condominiums
Summary
• Deflection Problems
• Causes of Deflections
• Varying Levels of Expectation
• Lack of Specific Requirements
• Communication – Awareness
• Predicting Deflections
• Coordination of Tolerances
• Responsibilities
• Recommendations
What is acceptable?
• An acceptable level of long-term deflection is
that which is agreed upon prior to construction,
and then having the final slabs be within the
agreed upon range.