psychooo module1

7/30/2019 psychooo module1

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What is Psychology?

Derived from two Greek termspsyche, or soul, and logos, or

discourse

Literally a study of the soul

At first, soul has a religious implication A form of motion, an inner flame, and function of bodily

processes

What is Psychology?


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The word "psychology" is the combination of two terms.

Psyche: Mind

Logos: Knowledge or study

Definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.


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Nature of Psychology

It possesses a well- organized theory which is supported by therelevant psychological laws and principles.

It has its applied aspects in the form of various branches of appliedpsychology like industrial, legal, clinical and educational psychology.

Subjective ideas and opinions are not considered significant in thestudy of behaviour in psychology. It emphasizes the search fortruth by advocating objectivity, reliability and validity in theassessment of behaviour.

The methods and techniques employed in the study of behavior inpsychology are quite scientific. Steps like the analysis of behaviour,formulation of hypotheses, objective observations or controlledexperimentation, deduction, verification and generalization of theresults etc. provide the solid base for the scientific method andapproach in psychology


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Nature of Psychology

It believes that every behaviour has its roots, and factors causing,influencing or nurturing it.

The result or the study of behaviour are always open to verificationunder similar conditions by other experimenters and observers.

These results may be accepted, modified or altered in the light ofthe latest data and findings

The established facts, principles and laws of behaviour inPsychology enjoy universal applicability in practical life, in otherbodies of knowledge and future researches in its own sphere.

An appropriate description and qualification of behaviour is

possible through psychology. We make dependable predictionsabout the organism in the light of its studied behaviour.


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Objectives of Psychology

The objectives of psychology are:

1. To understand human behavior;

2. To predict human behavior by means of

observation and experiment;

3. To influence or alter the behavior of the

individual or group in desirable ways so thatthe designed goal can be achieved.


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Branches of Psychology

General Psychology explains the underlying

principles of human behavior

study of how and why people behave this way or

that way

Structural and functional mechanisms of the humanbody


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Comparative Psychology treats on the behavior and mental

processes of the different species

also known as animal psychology

Activities of both man and animal are compared and

differentiated, particularly in relation to genetic and

evolutionary theories


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Developmental Psychology concerns itself with thestudy of human behavior in all its aspects of growth

and development

Also known as Genetic Psychology Involves the development of an individual in terms of

stages


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Stages of Human Development:1. Prenatal

2. Neonatal

3. Infancy

4. Childhood5. Adolescence

6. Adulthood

7. Senescence old age


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Child Psychology scientific study of human behavior from its

post-natal beginnings up to early adolescence Deals with the stages of growth and maturation

Effects of environmental influences upon individual patterns

of development

Psychological and social interactions between child and thesociety into which he is borne and reared


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Adolescent Psychology study of human behavior

from puberty to later life, approx. 12-20 y/o

Involves the physical and mental maturation of an

individual, as well as the attainment of emotionaland social maturity


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Senescent Psychology

Scientific study of human behavior in old age


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Consumer Psychology concerned with theinvestigation of the varied facets of marketing and

buying behavior

Effects of advertising Studies of mass media

Other problems arising from the relationship

between buyer and seller


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Abnormal Psychology scientific study of humanand the etiology or cause of personal defects, or

humans behavior which deviates from the average

reaction, hence abnormal


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Personality Psychology scientific interpretation of

mental phenomena Emphasizes internal drives and motives as the cause

of behavior

Also referred to as Dynamic psychology

Non-deviant individual case


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Psychiatry psychology applied in

medicine

Concerned with the treatment of mentaldiseases


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Business Psychology study of the principles of

psychology as applied to business

Deals particularly with the behavior of consumers

Methods are employed to gain more customers and

impress prospective buyers


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Social Psychology study of the behavior of groups

of individuals in their relationship to other groups

Cognitive Psychology concerned with the mental

processes involved in acquiring and using knowledge;artificial intelligence


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Forensic Psychology application of the principles of humanbehavior to law, or any legal proceedings

Relatively new but fast growing

Also consulted for rehabilitation of convicted criminals

Also known as Legal Psychology


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Community Psychology promotion of health at thecommunity level

Prevention and treatment of psychological problemsthrough evaluation and improvement of communityorganizations


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Areas of Specialization in Psychology

Clinical Psychology largest area of specialization

Treatment and diagnosis of emotional and behavioral

disorders

Practitioners are not medical doctors

Employed by probation offices, prisons, and institutions of thementally retarded and physically handicapped


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Industrial and Organizational

Psychology

Also known as:

IO psychology,

industrial

organizational psychology, industrial psychology,

work psychology,

organizational psychology,

personnel psychology


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I/O P.is the scientific study of employees, workplaces,and organizations.

Industrialorganizational psychologists contribute to an

organization's success by improving the performance

and well-being of its people.

An IO psychologist researches and identifies how

behaviours and attitudes can be improved through

hiring practices, training programs, and feedback

systems.

IO psychology can also be viewed as the equivalent of

the economics concept ofhuman capital
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics


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What is HRM?

Human Resource Management

(HRM) is the management function

that deals with the following

aspects of an organization, withregards to company employees:

Recruitment

Placement

Promotion

Training and Development

Change Management

Employee Retention


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Personnel recruitmentPersonnel recruitment is the process of identifying

qualified candidates in the workforce and getting

them to apply for jobs within an organization.

Personnel recruitment processes include developing

job announcements, placing ads, defining key

qualifications for applicants, and screening out

unqualified applicants.

Orientation and Placement- Once screening

takes place, the appointed candidates are

made familiar to the work units and work

environment through the orientation

programmes. placement takes place by putting

right man on the right job.

Training and Development- Training isa part of incentives given to the

workers in order to develop and grow

them within the concern. Training is

generally given according to the

nature of activities and scope of

expansion in it. Along with it, theworkers are developed by providing

them extra benefits of indepth

knowledge of their functional areas.

Development also includes giving

them key and important jobsas a test

or examination in order to analysetheir performances
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruitmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruitmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruitment


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Promotion and transfer- Promotion is said to

be a non- monetary incentive in which the

worker is shifted from a higher job demanding

bigger responsibilities as well as shifting theworkers and transferring them to different

work units and branches of the same

organization.

What is Employee Retention ?

Employee retention refers to the various

policies and practices which let the employees

stick to an organization for a longer period of

time

Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with change, both

from the perspective of an organization and on the individual level. Asomewhat ambiguous term, change management has at least three different

aspects, including: adapting to change, controlling change, and effecting

change. A proactive approach to dealing with change is at the core of all three

aspects. For an organization, change management means defining and

implementing procedures and/or technologies to deal with changes in the

business environment and to profit from changing opportunities.

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