Psychological DisordersPsychological Disorders

Are you mentally ill?Are you mentally ill?

How do we classify How do we classify psychological disorders?psychological disorders?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)Mental Disorders (DSM)

Used to Used to identifyidentify psychological disorders psychological disordersDoes Does not explainnot explain causes causes

What is the effect of labeling What is the effect of labeling psychological disorders?psychological disorders?

It biases your perception of the patientIt biases your perception of the patient’’s s behaviorbehavior

After you know the diagnosis (label) even After you know the diagnosis (label) even normal behavior is seen as a symptom of normal behavior is seen as a symptom of that diagnosis.that diagnosis.

What are anxiety disorders?What are anxiety disorders?

What is Generalized Anxiety What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?Disorder?

Vague expectation that something bad will Vague expectation that something bad will happen.happen.

Unfocused, out-of-control negative Unfocused, out-of-control negative feelings.feelings.

What is panic disorder?What is panic disorder?

Panic attackPanic attackAgoraphobia - fear of situations you can Agoraphobia - fear of situations you can

not escape if a panic attack occurs.not escape if a panic attack occurs.

What are phobias?What are phobias?

An irrational fear of somethingAn irrational fear of somethingE.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spidersE.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spidersSocial phobia - fear of social situationsSocial phobia - fear of social situations

(Shyness taken to an extreme)(Shyness taken to an extreme)

What are obsessive - What are obsessive - compulsive disorders?compulsive disorders?

Obsessive = thoughtsObsessive = thoughtsThoughts that wonThoughts that won’’t go awayt go away

Compulsive = behaviorCompulsive = behaviorChecking a locked doorChecking a locked doorStraightening books or fringe on a carpetStraightening books or fringe on a carpetHand washingHand washingFlashingFlashing

What is PTSD?What is PTSD?

Post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder Causes:Causes:

WarWar TraumaTrauma RapeRape

Effects (symptoms)Effects (symptoms) NightmaresNightmares FlashbacksFlashbacks Social withdrawalSocial withdrawal AnxietyAnxiety Insomnia (trouble sleeping)Insomnia (trouble sleeping)

Do you remember?Do you remember?

What does the DSM do and not do?What does the DSM do and not do?How can you recognize a panic attack?How can you recognize a panic attack?What are examples of phobias?What are examples of phobias?What is the difference between an What is the difference between an

obsession and a compulsion?obsession and a compulsion?What are the causes and symptoms of What are the causes and symptoms of

PTSD?PTSD?

What are mood disorders?What are mood disorders?

DepressionDepressionThe The ““common coldcommon cold”” of psychological disorders of psychological disordersMain reason people seek mental health Main reason people seek mental health

servicesservicesSymptomsSymptoms

Low energyLow energyLow self-esteemLow self-esteemNever happyNever happy

What is bipolar Disorder?What is bipolar Disorder?

Depression to manic episodesDepression to manic episodesAlternating between hopelessness and Alternating between hopelessness and

unrestrained optimism & overexcitement.unrestrained optimism & overexcitement.

What is schizophrenia?What is schizophrenia?

““Split mindSplit mind””Disorganized speech and thoughtDisorganized speech and thought

Word saladWord saladFlight of ideasFlight of ideas

Inappropriate emotions & actionsInappropriate emotions & actionsDelusions (Delusions (““I am GodI am God””))Hallucinations (see or hear things)Hallucinations (see or hear things)False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me)False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me)

Types of SchizophreniaTypes of Schizophrenia

ParanoidParanoidThemes of persecutionThemes of persecution

““The Russians are after me.The Russians are after me.””

DisorganizedDisorganizedDisorganized speechDisorganized speechFlat or inappropriate emotionFlat or inappropriate emotion

Types of schizophrenia (cont.)Types of schizophrenia (cont.)

CatatonicCatatonicMotionless - for long periods of timeMotionless - for long periods of timeParrot like repeating of anotherParrot like repeating of another’’s speechs speech

Types of Schizophrenia (cont.)Types of Schizophrenia (cont.)

UndifferentiatedUndifferentiated Many different Many different

symptoms as symptoms as discussed before.discussed before.

Progress of schizophrenia

Do you remember?Do you remember?

What are symptoms of depression?What are symptoms of depression?What are the symptoms of bipolar What are the symptoms of bipolar

disorder?disorder?What is the difference between delusions What is the difference between delusions

and hallucinations?and hallucinations?Speaking unrelated words and phrases Speaking unrelated words and phrases

could be a symptom of what?could be a symptom of what?What is the main symptom of catatonic What is the main symptom of catatonic

schizophrenia?schizophrenia?

What are some other types of What are some other types of disorders?disorders?

Dissociative disorderDissociative disorderPersonality disorderPersonality disorder

What are dissociative disorders?What are dissociative disorders?

Conscious awareness becomes separated Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings.thoughts and feelings.

Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative identity disorder (Multiple personalities)(Multiple personalities)

Two or more distinct identities that control Two or more distinct identities that control their behavior.their behavior.

Each person has its own voice and Each person has its own voice and mannerisms.mannerisms.

One personality is usually unaware of the One personality is usually unaware of the others.others.

What is personality disorder?What is personality disorder?

Antisocial personality disorderAntisocial personality disorderFormally called sociopath or psychopathFormally called sociopath or psychopathNo conscience or guilt feelings - (e.g. serial No conscience or guilt feelings - (e.g. serial

killer)killer)

Do you remember?Do you remember?

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (same person) Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (same person) would be classified as what?would be classified as what?

Ted Bundy (serial killer without guilt) could Ted Bundy (serial killer without guilt) could be classified as what?be classified as what?